A Method and System for Generating 3D Building Energy Consumption Models Based on Planar Geometric Data

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and system for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data. The method includes: extracting room geometric information and energy consumption simulation-related information from two-dimensional CAD drawings or a three-dimensional BIM model, and standardizing the data format; simplifying complex surfaces based on the bottom contour information to obtain a simplified geometric model, determining interior and exterior walls, and floor slabs and floors, generating two-dimensional room contour information and interior and exterior wall attributes; generating a three-dimensional wall model based on the two-dimensional room contour information, room height information, and room area information, and setting boundary conditions for the three-dimensional wall model based on the interior and exterior wall attributes; adding energy consumption-related parameters to the three-dimensional wall model according to the functions of the rooms within the building, and supplementing the thermal performance data of the building envelope in the three-dimensional wall model to generate a building energy consumption model; the aforementioned system is used to implement this method. Compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves more efficient and accurate building energy consumption model generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and in particular to a method and system for generating three-dimensional building energy consumption models based on planar geometric data. Background Technology

[0002] Building energy consumption is a significant component of global energy consumption. Simulating building energy consumption during the design and operation phases can prevent problems such as over-engineering and excessive cooling or heating, thus achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the traditional process of building an energy model (BEM) requires designers to manually convert 2D drawings or 3D building models into an energy model and fill in design parameters—a complex and time-consuming process. While Building Information Modeling (BIM) facilitates information exchange throughout the building's lifecycle, and many existing studies and tools offer direct conversion from BIM to BEM, information loss or transmission errors often occur during the conversion process, leading to inaccurate energy consumption analysis results or model incomprehensibility, especially when dealing with complex curved surfaces or large-scale buildings. Furthermore, the industry still primarily relies on 2D CAD drawings, and building 3D energy consumption models still depends on manual modeling by designers. To address the aforementioned problems, Chinese patent application CN116976155A provides a BIM-based method for simulating building energy consumption. This method establishes a basic model using BIM technology, specifically based on BIM data regarding wall thickness, internal area, and shape. This basic model is then broken down into multiple building blocks to generate a building energy consumption model. While this avoids reliance on manual labor in energy consumption model construction, it still suffers from the following issues: It extracts all three-dimensional information of the building during the construction process, thus placing high demands on the geometry of the BIM model, limiting its applicability to all civil engineering models. Furthermore, this method is not suitable for CAD or other systems with only two-dimensional planes. Additionally, current BIM modeling is not standardized; designers often create civil engineering models based on personal habits or design institute requirements, resulting in common issues such as incomplete room enclosures and gaps between walls. Directly importing these models into energy consumption simulation software can lead to problems with energy consumption calculations due to geometrical issues. Finally, much information in the BIM model is irrelevant to energy consumption calculations; directly importing this unnecessary geometric information into energy consumption simulation software increases the computational burden and reduces analysis efficiency. Therefore, during the BIM model export process, it is unavoidable to simplify and manually adjust the model, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also prone to introducing human error.

[0003] Therefore, providing an automated method that can efficiently and accurately extract building geometric data from BIM models or 2D drawings such as CAD, supplement energy consumption parameters, and generate a 3D building energy consumption model suitable for energy consumption simulation is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a method and system for generating three-dimensional building energy consumption models based on planar geometric data. This method enables the automatic generation of energy consumption models based on BIM or CAD drawings, and can quickly construct building energy consumption models based on building information for building energy consumption simulation calculations.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Extract room geometry information and energy consumption simulation information from 2D CAD drawings or 3D BIM models, including bottom outline information and room geometry information, and standardize the data format; the room geometry information includes bottom outline information, room height information, and room area information.

[0008] Based on the bottom contour information, a simplified geometric model is obtained by simplifying the complex curved surface. Based on the simplified geometric model, the internal and external walls, as well as the floor slab and floor, are judged to generate two-dimensional room contour information and internal and external wall attributes.

[0009] A three-dimensional wall model is generated based on the room's geometric information, including the two-dimensional room outline, height, and area information. Boundary conditions are then set for each wall in the three-dimensional wall model based on the interior and exterior wall attributes.

[0010] Based on the functions of the rooms within the building, energy consumption-related parameters are added to the three-dimensional wall model, and thermal performance data of the building envelope are supplemented to generate a building energy consumption model.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the bottom surface contour information is only the bottom surface contour information of the room for which building energy consumption load calculation is required, including the room boundary, wall location and room curvature.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the energy consumption simulation related information room geometry information includes room height, room area and function, and room occupancy (if any).

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the method for simplifying complex curved surfaces is as follows: extracting complex curved surfaces, including ellipses and arcs, based on the applied bottom contour information; and replacing the arcs in the complex curved surfaces with multiple straight line segments.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the determination of internal and external walls includes:

[0015] Using graph theory and search algorithms, the adjacency relationships between walls are analyzed based on the simplified geometric model, and the interior and exterior walls and their properties in the building rooms are determined based on the adjacency relationships.

[0016] Based on room boundaries and interior wall properties, the interior walls are divided into multiple segments, and the interior wall segments shared by adjacent rooms are matched and assigned the same thermal properties.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the method for determining the floor slab and floor is as follows:

[0018] The floor geometry of the building rooms is determined based on the aforementioned bottom contour information, room geometry information, room height information, and room area information.

[0019] By comparing the geometry of adjacent floors, the overlapping area is taken as the floor slab of the lower floor and the floor of the upper floor, and corresponding attribute boundary conditions are assigned to the floor slab and the floor.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the boundary conditions include exterior walls, interior walls, and insulation walls.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the energy consumption-related parameters include building envelope thermal parameters, equipment power, lighting load, personnel density, permeability parameters, and usage schedule, etc.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the method for adding the energy consumption-related parameters is as follows: automatically obtain energy consumption parameters that match the functions of rooms in the building from the building energy consumption database.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a system for generating three-dimensional building energy consumption models based on planar geometric data is provided, the system comprising:

[0024] The building information extraction module is used to extract the bottom outline information and room geometry information of the building model from two-dimensional CAD drawings or three-dimensional BIM models, and to unify the data format.

[0025] The geometric information processing module performs complex surface simplification processing based on the bottom contour information to obtain a simplified geometric model. Based on the simplified geometric model, it performs internal and external wall judgment, floor slab and floor judgment, and generates two-dimensional room contour information and internal and external wall attributes.

[0026] A 3D wall generation module generates a 3D wall model based on the aforementioned 2D room outline information and room geometry information, and sets corresponding boundary conditions for each wall in the 3D wall model based on the aforementioned interior and exterior wall attributes.

[0027] The energy consumption information supplementation module adds energy consumption-related parameters to the three-dimensional wall model based on the functions of the rooms in the building, and supplements the thermal performance data of the building envelope in the three-dimensional wall model to generate a building energy consumption model.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1) In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data. In this method, only the two-dimensional planar information of the building that needs to be energy-consuming is extracted for the generation of the three-dimensional model. This reduces the geometric requirements of the BIM model in the traditional building energy consumption simulation process and can ignore the impact of the non-standard BIM modeling problem on energy consumption calculation. In addition, the method provided by the present invention can be applied to three-dimensional situations such as BIM models, as well as situations with only two-dimensional planes such as CAD.

[0030] 2) This invention digitizes geometric information and energy consumption data, and the generated building energy consumption model can be directly used in commonly used energy consumption simulation software. This standardized file output method can not only be used for building energy consumption simulation, but also can be integrated with other BIM tools to realize cross-platform application of the model.

[0031] 3) This invention provides an automated method for generating three-dimensional building energy consumption models. Through steps such as building information extraction, geometric data processing, and energy consumption information supplementation, the entire process of generating energy consumption models is automated. This method effectively reduces manual intervention, avoids inaccurate calculations caused by human error, and greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of building energy consumption simulation. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a preliminary architectural BIM model of the target building room of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 The present invention is a BIM model that only includes room boundary information that requires energy consumption simulation;

[0035] Figure 4 This is the identification result of the first-floor wall of the target building room in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 The identification results of the first and second floor slabs and floor of the target building room in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is the identification result of the second-layer wall of the target building in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 The identification results of the second and third floor slabs and floor of the target building in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is the identification result of the third layer of wall in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional wall model for the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a bar chart showing the calculation results of the air conditioning cooling load for an example model of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data. The method flow is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0044] S1. Extract room geometry information and energy consumption simulation information from 2D CAD drawings or 3D BIM models, and standardize the data format.

[0045] Using the building rooms shown in the 3D BIM model as the target building rooms, for Figure 2 The provided BIM model extracts room geometry information and energy consumption simulation-related information. During the extraction process, only the relevant data for the rooms requiring load calculation are retained. Figure 3 As shown, rooms and boundaries that do not require air conditioning or energy consumption calculations are ignored to avoid wasting computing resources; the room geometry information includes bottom contour information, room height information, and room area information.

[0046] Specifically, the bottom surface profile information only includes the bottom surface profile information of the rooms for which building energy load calculations are required, including room boundaries, wall locations, and room curvature; energy consumption simulation related information includes room function and number of people in the room.

[0047] S2. Based on the bottom contour information, a simplified geometric model is obtained by simplifying the complex curved surface. Based on the simplified geometric model, the internal and external walls, as well as the floor slab and floor, are judged to generate two-dimensional room contour information and internal and external wall attributes.

[0048] S21. Simplification of complex surfaces: Extract complex surfaces, including ellipses and arcs, based on the applied bottom contour information; replace the arcs in the complex surfaces with multiple straight line segments to ensure that the geometric model meets the processing requirements of the energy consumption simulation software.

[0049] S22. Determination of interior and exterior walls.

[0050] S221. Using graph theory and search algorithms, analyze the adjacency relationships between walls based on a simplified geometric model, and determine the interior and exterior walls and their properties in the building rooms based on the adjacency relationships.

[0051] S222. Based on room boundaries and interior wall properties, divide the interior wall into multiple segments, match the interior wall segments shared by adjacent rooms, and assign the same thermal properties.

[0052] By assessing the interior and exterior walls, we can ensure that the boundary conditions in the energy consumption simulation are accurately handled.

[0053] S23. Judgment of floor slabs and floors.

[0054] S231. Determine the floor geometry of the building rooms based on the bottom contour information, room height information, and room area information.

[0055] S232. Compare the geometric structures of adjacent floors, take the overlapping area as the floor slab of the lower floor and the floor of the upper floor, and assign corresponding attribute boundary conditions to the floor slab and the floor.

[0056] By assessing the floor slabs and floors, we ensure the accuracy of energy consumption calculations between floors in the building energy consumption model.

[0057] Perform geometric information processing on each floor of the target building's rooms according to the steps described above to obtain the effect of the first floor of the target building's rooms as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the red solid lines represent exterior walls, the blue solid lines represent interior walls, the gray solid lines represent insulation walls, and the green solid lines represent external elements; the identification effect for the first and second floors is as follows. Figure 5 In the attached diagram, blue areas represent the floor area, light orange areas represent the slab area, and dark orange areas represent overlapping areas; for the second floor, the processed result is as follows. Figure 6 The results shown indicate that the different colored lines are related to the attached diagram. Figure 4 The same applies to the second and third floor rooms; after processing, the results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the meaning of each color block is... Figure 5 The same; the treatment of the third-floor room is as follows. Figure 8 The results shown include illustrations of the different colored lines and their corresponding attachments. Figure 4 Same as above.

[0058] Through the above geometric processing, the present invention can automatically simplify complex geometric surfaces and accurately identify the relationship between the interior and exterior walls and floors of a building, ensuring that the geometric structure and boundary conditions in the energy consumption model are accurately reflected. This automated processing reduces the time required for manual adjustment of the geometric model and lowers the error rate in complex geometric modeling.

[0059] S3. Generate a three-dimensional wall model based on the two-dimensional room outline information, room height information, and room area information, and set corresponding boundary conditions for each wall in the three-dimensional wall model based on the internal and external wall attributes.

[0060] In detail, the boundary conditions in this step include: exterior walls, interior walls, and insulation walls. By setting these boundary conditions, it is ensured that the physical properties and thermal conductivity characteristics of the walls are correctly handled during the energy consumption simulation, ultimately yielding results such as... Figure 9 The three-dimensional wall model shown.

[0061] S4. Based on the functions of the rooms within the building, add energy consumption-related parameters to the 3D wall model and supplement the thermal performance data of the building envelope in the 3D wall model to generate a building energy consumption model.

[0062] Specifically, the system automatically adds energy-related parameters to rooms that are relevant to energy consumption calculations, such as thermal parameters of the building envelope, equipment power, lighting load, occupancy density, permeability parameters, and usage schedules. It also supplements the thermal performance data of the building envelope to ensure that the model has complete energy consumption calculation data. It should be noted that when adding energy-related parameters, the parameter values ​​are automatically obtained from the building energy consumption database and match the energy consumption parameters of the rooms within the building. It can also automatically supplement missing energy consumption information, reduce manual operation, and improve data accuracy.

[0063] Through the automated process of this invention, designers can quickly respond to changes in building design without having to manually adjust the model, which can significantly shorten the cycle of building energy consumption analysis, save a lot of manpower and time costs, and improve the efficiency of building energy-saving design.

[0064] To verify the feasibility of the method of the present invention, the generated building energy consumption model was used to create a Building Energy Model (BEM) file suitable for energy consumption simulation software (such as EnergyPlus) for building energy consumption analysis, resulting in the following... Figure 10 The annual air conditioning cooling load is shown.

[0065] Furthermore, this invention also provides a system for generating three-dimensional building energy consumption models based on planar geometric data, the system comprising:

[0066] The building information extraction module is used to extract room geometry information and energy consumption simulation information from 2D CAD drawings or 3D BIM models, and to unify the data format; room geometry information includes bottom outline information, room height information, and room area information.

[0067] The geometric information processing module simplifies complex curved surfaces based on the bottom contour information to obtain a simplified geometric model. Based on the simplified geometric model, it determines the interior and exterior walls, as well as the floor slabs and floors, and generates two-dimensional room contour information and interior and exterior wall attributes.

[0068] The 3D wall generation module generates a 3D wall model based on 2D room outline information, room height information, and room area information, and sets corresponding boundary conditions for each wall in the 3D wall model based on the attributes of the interior and exterior walls.

[0069] The energy consumption information supplementation module adds energy consumption-related parameters to the 3D wall model based on the functions of the rooms within the building, and supplements the thermal performance data of the building envelope in the 3D wall model to generate a building energy consumption model. It is worth noting that this module automatically supplements missing energy consumption information by connecting with the database, reducing manual operation and improving data accuracy.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the described module can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] The program code used to implement the methods of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a standalone software package partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0072] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data, characterized in that, The methods include: Extract room geometry information and energy consumption simulation information from 2D CAD drawings or 3D BIM models, and standardize the data format; the room geometry information includes bottom outline information, room height information, and room area information. Based on the bottom contour information, a simplified geometric model is obtained by simplifying the complex curved surface. Based on the simplified geometric model, the internal and external walls, as well as the floor slab and floor, are judged to generate two-dimensional room contour information and internal and external wall attributes. A three-dimensional wall model is generated based on the two-dimensional room outline information, room height information, and room area information, and corresponding boundary conditions are set for each wall in the three-dimensional wall model based on the internal and external wall attributes. Based on the functions of the rooms within the building, energy consumption-related parameters are added to the three-dimensional wall model, and thermal performance data of the building envelope are supplemented to generate a building energy consumption model.

2. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface contour information mentioned refers only to the bottom surface contour information of the room for which building energy consumption load calculation is required, including the room boundary, wall location, and room surface curvature.

3. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy consumption simulation information includes room function and number of people in the room.

4. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for simplifying complex surfaces is as follows: extract complex surfaces, including ellipses and arcs, based on the applied bottom contour information; replace the arcs in the complex surfaces with multiple straight line segments.

5. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of interior and exterior walls includes: Using graph theory and search algorithms, the adjacency relationships between walls are analyzed based on the simplified geometric model, and the interior and exterior walls and their properties in the building rooms are determined based on the adjacency relationships. Based on room boundaries and interior wall properties, the interior walls are divided into multiple segments, and the interior wall segments shared by adjacent rooms are matched and assigned the same thermal properties.

6. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the floor slab and floor is as follows: The floor geometry of the building rooms is determined based on the aforementioned bottom contour information, room height information, and room area information. By comparing the geometry of adjacent floors, the overlapping area is taken as the floor slab of the lower floor and the floor of the upper floor, and corresponding attribute boundary conditions are assigned to the floor slab and the floor.

7. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The boundary conditions include exterior walls, interior walls, and insulation walls.

8. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy consumption-related parameters include building envelope thermal parameters, equipment power, lighting load, personnel density, permeability parameters, and usage schedule.

9. The method for generating a three-dimensional building energy consumption model based on planar geometric data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for adding the aforementioned energy consumption-related parameters is as follows: automatically obtain energy consumption parameters that match the functions of the rooms in the building from the building energy consumption database.

10. A system for generating three-dimensional building energy consumption models based on planar geometric data, characterized in that, The system includes: The building information extraction module is used to extract room geometric information and energy consumption simulation information from two-dimensional CAD drawings or three-dimensional BIM models, and to unify the data format; the room geometric information includes bottom outline information, room height information, and room area information. The geometric information processing module performs complex surface simplification processing based on the bottom contour information to obtain a simplified geometric model. Based on the simplified geometric model, it performs internal and external wall judgment, floor slab and floor judgment, and generates two-dimensional room contour information and internal and external wall attributes. A 3D wall generation module generates a 3D wall model based on the aforementioned 2D room outline information, room height information, and room area information, and sets corresponding boundary conditions for each wall in the 3D wall model based on the aforementioned interior and exterior wall attributes. The energy consumption information supplementation module adds energy consumption-related parameters to the three-dimensional wall model based on the functions of the rooms in the building, and supplements the thermal performance data of the building envelope in the three-dimensional wall model to generate a building energy consumption model.

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