Satellite handover method and device for different user service types

Abstract

This application discloses a satellite handover method and apparatus for different user service types. The method is applied to a first satellite and includes: receiving terminal assistance information reported by a user terminal and measurement results of at least one candidate satellite; obtaining a second satellite determined from the at least one candidate satellite, wherein the second satellite is determined from the at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors corresponding to the user terminal's service type; the data values ​​and handover reference weights of the different handover reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on the terminal assistance information, the measurement results of the candidate satellite, and the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellite; and performing an access operation for the user terminal to the second satellite. This application can handover the service satellite of a user terminal according to different service types, improving the user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of satellite internet network management technology, and in particular to a satellite switching method and apparatus for different user service types. Background Technology

[0002] This section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of this application set forth in the claims. The description herein is not an admission that it is prior art simply because it is included in this section.

[0003] In regenerative-mode satellite communication, users establish a connection with the satellite through a service link. The satellite carries the entire base station or a part of it, such as the radio unit, allowing message decoding and processing. The satellite possesses base station functions including RF filtering, frequency conversion, signal amplification, demodulation / decoding, inter-satellite routing, encoding / modulation, radio resource management, and access control. The satellite and gateway station are connected via a feeder link, similar to fronthaul / backhaul on land. The gateway station provides the connection between the satellite and the ground core network. Inter-satellite links provide connections between satellites. Due to the rapid movement of low-Earth orbit satellites, the network coverage area of ​​the satellite beam on the ground will change with the satellite's movement. In order to provide continuous communication services to user terminals, it may be necessary to switch from the beam of the current serving satellite to the beam of a new target satellite. For satellite communication application scenarios based on regenerative mode with inter-satellite links, existing technologies may not be able to better meet the needs of users with different types of services in the future, such as time-sensitive emergency communication services, power grid differential control, telemedicine services, information transmission services with high security and latency requirements, IoT services with low power consumption requirements, and entertainment services with high data rate requirements.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient inter-satellite handover method based on business optimization to meet diverse user business needs and improve user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a satellite handover method for different user service types, used to switch the serving satellite of a user terminal according to different service types, thereby improving user experience. The method is applied to a first satellite and includes:

[0006] Receive terminal assistance information reported by the user terminal and measurement results of at least one candidate satellite;

[0007] A second satellite is obtained from at least one candidate satellite, wherein the second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal, and the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites;

[0008] Perform access to the second satellite for the user terminal.

[0009] This application embodiment also provides another satellite handover method for different user service types, used to switch the serving satellites of the user terminal according to different service types, thereby improving user experience. This method is applied to the user terminal and includes:

[0010] After receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, the measurement is performed on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration, and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite are obtained.

[0011] After the reporting conditions are triggered, the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite are reported to the first satellite.

[0012] Access to the second satellite is based on the configuration information sent by the first satellite. The second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite according to the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal. The data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites.

[0013] This application provides a satellite switching device for different user service types, used to switch the serving satellite of a user terminal according to different service types, thereby improving user experience. The device is applied to a first satellite and includes:

[0014] The measurement result receiving module is used to receive terminal auxiliary information reported by the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite;

[0015] The second satellite determination module is used to obtain a second satellite determined from at least one candidate satellite. The second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal. The data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites.

[0016] The access operation module is used to perform access operations for user terminals to the second satellite.

[0017] This application embodiment also provides another satellite switching device for different user service types, used to switch the serving satellites of a user terminal according to different service types, thereby improving user experience. This device is applied to a user terminal and includes:

[0018] The measurement configuration receiving module is used to perform measurements on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration after receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, and obtain the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite.

[0019] The reporting module is used to report the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite to the first satellite after the reporting conditions are triggered.

[0020] The access module is used to access the second satellite based on the configuration information sent by the first satellite. The second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite according to the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal. The data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites.

[0021] This application also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-described satellite handover method for different user service types.

[0022] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described satellite handover method for different user service types.

[0023] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described satellite handover method for different user service types.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this application's embodiments are as follows: By using the user terminal's service type as the core decision-making basis, corresponding switching reference factors and reference weights are matched for different service types, ensuring that the switching strategy is deeply aligned with the service optimization goals and avoiding service experience degradation caused by general strategies. By clarifying the correspondence between service type, switching reference factors, and switching reference weights, the situation of selecting non-optimal candidate satellites due to failure to consider service differences is reduced, ensuring the normal operation of services after switching from the decision-making source and improving service reliability. The data values ​​and reference weights of the switching reference factors are determined based on multi-dimensional data such as terminal auxiliary information, candidate satellite measurement results, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, avoiding the limitations of a single data source. Compared with traditional methods that rely solely on satellite measurement results, this method has a more comprehensive data foundation and can more realistically reflect the actual service capabilities of candidate satellites. The second satellite is determined through a quantitative calculation method of data value + reference weight, replacing the traditional qualitative judgment that relies on experience or a single indicator, reducing human decision-making bias, ensuring that the second satellite selected from at least one candidate satellite is the optimal solution in the current service scenario, and improving the objectivity and accuracy of switching selection. Since the second satellite is selected as the optimal candidate satellite based on service optimization goals and multi-dimensional data, the probability of a secondary handover due to mismatched satellite service capabilities after the initial handover can be reduced. This also reduces ineffective operations such as inter-satellite signaling interaction and resource reallocation, lowers resource consumption of the first satellite, candidate satellites, and user terminals, and improves the overall resource utilization efficiency of the satellite communication system. During the selection of the second satellite, the handover reference weight can be adjusted based on the measurement results of the candidate satellites, indirectly achieving a balanced distribution of load among satellites. This avoids performance degradation caused by excessive service load on a single satellite, ensuring the overall stability of the satellite system. By accurately selecting a second satellite that matches service requirements, services can quickly adapt to the new satellite's service capabilities after the handover, reducing service interruption duration and data packet loss rate caused by satellite handover, improving service continuity, and enhancing user satisfaction with satellite communication services. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the satellite handover methods for different user service types in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another satellite handover method for different user service types in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is an example of a satellite communication handover scenario in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a satellite communication interaction diagram in an embodiment of this application when the first satellite makes a decision on the second satellite;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a satellite communication interaction diagram in an embodiment of this application when a user terminal determines the second satellite;

[0031] Figure 6 This application presents a base station uplink network architecture for satellites based on regeneration mode in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the satellite switching device for different user service types in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another satellite switching device for different user service types in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application, but are not intended to limit this application.

[0036] To address the technical problem that existing technologies cannot better meet the needs of users with different business types in the future, this application proposes a satellite handover method for different user business types to meet diverse user business needs and improve user experience.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a satellite handover method for different user service types in this application embodiment, applied to the first satellite, including:

[0038] Step 101: Receive terminal assistance information and measurement results of at least one candidate satellite reported by the user terminal;

[0039] Step 102: Obtain a second satellite determined from at least one candidate satellite, wherein the second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal, and the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites;

[0040] Step 103: Perform the access operation for the user terminal to the second satellite.

[0041] In the above embodiments, by using the user terminal's service type as the core decision-making basis, corresponding switching reference factors and reference weights are matched for different service types. This ensures that the switching strategy is deeply aligned with the service optimization goals, avoiding service experience degradation caused by general strategies. By clarifying the correspondence between service type, switching reference factors, and switching reference weights, the possibility of selecting non-optimal candidate satellites due to a lack of consideration for service differences is reduced. This ensures the normal operation of services after switching from the decision-making source, improving service reliability. The data values ​​and reference weights of the switching reference factors are determined based on multi-dimensional data such as terminal auxiliary information, candidate satellite measurement results, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, avoiding the limitations of a single data source. Compared to traditional methods that rely solely on satellite measurement results, this method has a more comprehensive data foundation and can more accurately reflect the actual service capabilities of candidate satellites. The second satellite is determined through a quantitative calculation method of data value + reference weight, replacing the traditional qualitative judgment that relies on experience or a single indicator. This reduces human decision-making bias and ensures that the second satellite selected from at least one candidate satellite is the optimal solution for the current service scenario, improving the objectivity and accuracy of switching selection. Since the second satellite is selected as the optimal candidate satellite based on service optimization goals and multi-dimensional data, the probability of a secondary handover due to mismatched satellite service capabilities after the initial handover can be reduced. This also reduces ineffective operations such as inter-satellite signaling interaction and resource reallocation, lowers resource consumption of the first satellite, candidate satellites, and user terminals, and improves the overall resource utilization efficiency of the satellite communication system. During the selection of the second satellite, the handover reference weight can be adjusted based on the measurement results of the candidate satellites, indirectly achieving a balanced distribution of load among satellites. This avoids performance degradation caused by excessive service load on a single satellite, ensuring the overall stability of the satellite system. By accurately selecting a second satellite that matches service requirements, services can quickly adapt to the new satellite's service capabilities after the handover, reducing service interruption duration and data packet loss rate caused by satellite handover, improving service continuity, and enhancing user satisfaction with satellite communication services.

[0042] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0043] A measurement configuration is sent to the user terminal, the measurement configuration including at least one candidate satellite to be measured, the measurement time, and the measurement event, so that the user terminal can perform a measurement on at least one candidate satellite after receiving the measurement configuration and obtain the measurement result.

[0044] The above embodiments address the problem in past satellite handover scenarios where the source satellite-side base station serving the user terminal could not configure target satellite radio signal measurements for the user. This allows the user terminal to trigger satellite handover based on measurement results, filling a functional gap in the measurement control layer. By sending measurement configurations containing specific candidate satellites, measurement times, and measurement events to the user terminal, the user terminal can perform targeted measurements. The provided measurement results can effectively assist the satellite in making handover decisions, improving the handover success rate. The measurement configuration can effectively control the timing and objects of user terminal measurements, ensuring that the user terminal only initiates measurements when a handover is imminent and only selects a few necessary candidate satellites as measurement objects, thereby saving resources occupied by the user terminal from performing unnecessary measurements.

[0045] In one embodiment, the terminal auxiliary information includes at least one of the user terminal's location information, access elevation angle, and terminal service information;

[0046] The measurement results of the candidate satellite include at least one of the following: the candidate satellite's reference signal received power, the candidate satellite's reference signal received quality, the candidate satellite's service time, and the satellite-to-ground propagation delay between the user terminal and the candidate satellite.

[0047] In the above embodiments, by clearly defining the specific dimensions of terminal auxiliary information and measurement results, standardized and multi-dimensional input data is provided for satellite handover decisions. This information directly reflects the user terminal status, service optimization goals, and the actual service capabilities of candidate satellites, avoiding decision-making biases caused by missing or ambiguous data dimensions, and making the selection of the second satellite more aligned with the actual scenario. Clearly defined information dimensions make data interaction between the user terminal and the satellite more targeted, avoiding the transmission and processing of invalid data. The user terminal does not need to report redundant information, and the satellite does not need to parse irrelevant data, reducing signaling overhead in the satellite-to-ground link and the satellite's computing resource consumption, thus improving overall efficiency. Incorporating terminal service information into terminal auxiliary information allows the satellite to dynamically adjust its handover strategy based on service type. By accessing geographical and link characteristic parameters such as elevation angle and satellite-to-ground propagation delay between the user terminal and candidate satellites, the satellite can predict the continuity of communication between the user terminal and candidate satellites (e.g., whether signal attenuation will occur rapidly due to terminal movement), reducing the probability of another handover in the short term after the handover, mitigating the risk of service interruption caused by handover oscillations, and improving user experience. At least one of the aforementioned terminal auxiliary information can be selected. The more factors selected, the more factors are considered, and the higher the accuracy of the selected second satellite. Similarly, at least one of the aforementioned measurement results can be selected.

[0048] In one embodiment, the switching reference factors include at least one of the following: end-to-end latency, satellite-to-ground propagation latency, satellite service duration, satellite load information, and number of switching links.

[0049] In this application, the end-to-end latency is the propagation latency from the user terminal to the core network via the candidate satellite, i.e., user link propagation latency + inter-satellite link propagation latency + feeder link propagation latency + gateway station to core network propagation latency. At least one of the above handover reference factors can be selected; the more factors selected, the greater the distinguishability between different service types, and the better a second satellite that meets the service type optimization objective can be obtained.

[0050] In one embodiment, the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellite includes the position information of the candidate satellite, the inter-satellite link distance between the first satellite and the candidate satellite, and the position information of the gateway station;

[0051] The method further includes:

[0052] Calculate the user link propagation delay based on the user terminal's location information;

[0053] Calculate the inter-satellite link propagation delay based on the inter-satellite link distance between the first satellite and the candidate satellite;

[0054] Based on the location information of the candidate satellites and the location information of the gateway station, calculate the propagation delay of the feeder link and the propagation delay between the gateway station and the core network;

[0055] The end-to-end delay is calculated based on the propagation delay of the user link, the propagation delay of the inter-satellite link, the propagation delay of the power supply link, and the propagation delay between the gateway station and the core network.

[0056] In the above embodiments, the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellite can be exchanged through the Xn port. During satellite-to-ground communication transmission, due to the long propagation distance, the propagation delay is much greater than the transmission delay (the length of the symbol occupied by the channel). The end-to-end delay T1 only considers the propagation delay as a decision reference. In the application scenario of satellite-based base stations, assuming that the core network is also on the satellite (such as UPF or the entire core network), the end-to-end delay can be calculated using the above method. The core network is a key component of the mobile communication network, mainly responsible for processing user data, managing user connections, controlling service processes, and interacting with other networks to realize communication and data transmission between terminal devices.

[0057] In satellite communication systems, the core network works in conjunction with the satellite network to provide services to terminals. For example, a terminal connects to the core network via a candidate satellite. The core network is responsible for managing the terminal's access, authentication, and sessions, while also routing and forwarding data, enabling the terminal to communicate with other terminals or external networks. The core network typically contains multiple network elements, such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), and User Plane Function (UPF).

[0058] Satellite service duration refers to the duration of service provided by a candidate satellite to a user terminal.

[0059] In one embodiment, the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellite includes the ephemeris information and beam configuration information of the candidate satellite;

[0060] The method further includes:

[0061] The satellite service duration is calculated based on the candidate satellite's ephemeris information, beam configuration information, user terminal location information, access elevation angle and terminal service information, reference signal reception power, candidate satellite's reference signal reception quality, and candidate satellite's service time.

[0062] Satellite payload information can be obtained directly from the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites without calculation.

[0063] In one embodiment, the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellite includes the connection relationship between the first satellite and the candidate satellite, and the connection relationship between the candidate satellite and the gateway station;

[0064] The method further includes:

[0065] The number of switching links is calculated based on the connection relationship between the first satellite and the candidate satellites, and the connection relationship between the candidate satellites and the gateway station.

[0066] In addition to the aforementioned switching reference factors, channel attenuation, multipath effect intensity, on-board computing resource utilization, beam switching energy consumption, or historical data of service interruption can also be used, and the appropriate factors can be flexibly selected according to the required accuracy and application scenario.

[0067] For Ka / Ku band satellites, real-time meteorological data (such as regional rainfall intensity) and ionospheric TEC values ​​can be introduced to calculate channel attenuation (such as rainfall causing a 20dB attenuation of the 10GHz signal), and candidate satellites with smaller channel attenuation can be selected first.

[0068] Multipath effect strength: In urban canyons or mountainous areas, the degree of multipath interference is assessed by using the "angle of arrival" and "delay spread" reported by user terminals, and priority is given to switching to candidate satellites with stronger multipath effect strength (such as phased array narrow beams).

[0069] Onboard computing resource utilization: If the core network UPF is deployed on a candidate satellite, the onboard computing resource utilization will be used as a switching reference factor. For service types that require edge computing, priority will be given to switching to candidate satellites with sufficient computing resources.

[0070] Beam switching power consumption: When switching between multiple beams of satellites, the onboard power amplifier resources are required, which introduces beam switching power consumption (e.g., 50W of power is consumed for each switch). For low-priority services (such as IoT data acquisition services), candidate satellites that do not require beam switching are selected first.

[0071] Historical data on service interruptions: Statistical analysis of the handover failure rate (e.g., ≤1%) of candidate satellites serving similar user terminals (same model mobile phone) in the past 24 hours, prioritizing candidate satellites with more stable historical performance.

[0072] In this embodiment, either the first satellite or the user terminal can determine the second satellite. If the first satellite determines the second satellite, then the first satellite performs an analysis. If the user terminal determines the second satellite, it will directly access the second satellite, and then the first satellite will receive access success information.

[0073] The steps for determining the second satellite from the first satellite are described below.

[0074] In one embodiment, obtaining a second satellite determined from at least one candidate satellite includes:

[0075] Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, determine the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite;

[0076] Based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite.

[0077] In the above embodiments, for different service types, differentiated configurations of reference weights are used (e.g., latency-sensitive services prioritize end-to-end latency, while narrowband IoT services prioritize service duration) to ensure that switching decisions are deeply aligned with the optimization goals of each service type. For example, remote surgery services in latency-sensitive services prioritize the second satellite with an end-to-end latency of <50ms to avoid affecting operational accuracy due to excessive latency; while IoT sensor services in narrowband IoT services prioritize satellites with a service duration of >6 months to reduce the number of switching operations and thus lower terminal power consumption.

[0078] Specifically, the base station of the first satellite needs to maintain the correspondence between terminal service identifiers and handover reference factors. Through comprehensive evaluation of multi-dimensional handover reference factors, unreasonable handovers caused by a single factor are avoided, reducing issues such as service interruptions and data loss. By integrating terminal auxiliary information, candidate satellite measurement results, and interaction information, the service capabilities of candidate satellites are comprehensively characterized, avoiding decision-making biases due to incomplete information. The aforementioned handover reference weights can be pre-configured and adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0079] In one embodiment, determining a second satellite from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal includes:

[0080] The data values ​​of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite are normalized.

[0081] Based on the optimization objectives of the business type, determine whether the normalization result of the data value of the switching reference factor should be positive or negative.

[0082] Using the switching reference weight as the weight, and based on the normalized processing results and weights of the data values ​​of different switching reference factors, the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite is calculated.

[0083] The candidate satellite with the highest comprehensive value will be selected as the second satellite.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the dimensions and numerical ranges of different switching reference factors vary greatly (e.g., latency is measured in milliseconds, load rate is a percentage), and direct comparison can lead to decision-making bias. Normalization mapping maps all switching reference factors to a unified range (e.g., [-1, 1]) eliminates the influence of dimensions. Different service types have different optimization objectives, meaning that some switching reference factors have different directions of influence on the service type (e.g., longer service duration is better, shorter latency is better). Failure to distinguish between positive and negative values ​​can lead to logical inconsistencies in calculations. The positive and negative values ​​of switching reference factors are defined according to the optimization objectives of the service type. For example, a positive value for a switching reference factor is satellite service duration; a negative value is end-to-end latency. When making decisions based on multiple switching reference factors, manual weighing can easily lead to subjective bias (e.g., prioritizing signal strength may ignore link stability). Quantitative evaluation through comprehensive values ​​can eliminate human judgment errors. For example, candidate satellite A (low latency but high load) and satellite B (high latency but low load) can be directly compared in terms of their superiority through comprehensive values.

[0085] In one embodiment, after using the switching reference weight as the weight, the method further includes:

[0086] Based on the satellite load information, determine whether the load rate of the candidate satellite exceeds the load rate threshold. If so, increase the weight of the satellite load information according to the preset ratio.

[0087] When the latency of a user terminal's real-time service suddenly exceeds a preset duration, the weight of the end-to-end latency is increased according to a preset ratio.

[0088] In this embodiment, for latency-sensitive services (i.e., real-time services, such as video calls and remote control services), when the load on candidate satellites is too high, the weight of satellite load information is increased to prioritize candidate satellites with lower loads, preventing service quality degradation due to overload. When the latency of real-time services suddenly deteriorates, the end-to-end latency weight is increased to quickly switch to candidate satellites with more stable latency, avoiding service interruption. This overcomes the limitations of fixed weights, enabling switching decisions to be dynamically adjusted based on the real-time network status (load) and instantaneous service demands (latency bursts), adapting to the highly dynamic and multi-service characteristics of satellite networks. By precisely adjusting weights, ineffective and excessive switching is avoided, reducing inter-satellite link signaling interaction and on-board computing resource consumption.

[0089] In one embodiment, determining a second satellite from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal includes:

[0090] Query the switching decision criteria corresponding to the service type of the user terminal;

[0091] If the switching decision criterion involves a switching reference factor, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the switching decision criterion and the data values ​​of the different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite.

[0092] If the handover decision criterion involves at least two handover reference factors, a comprehensive value for each candidate satellite is calculated based on the data values ​​of the different handover reference factors and the handover reference weight for each candidate satellite. A second satellite is then determined from at least one candidate satellite according to the handover decision criterion.

[0093] The system matches handover decision criteria to the service type of the user terminal, ensuring that handover decisions are deeply aligned with the optimization goals of the service type. For example, the decision criteria for latency-sensitive services may focus on end-to-end latency as a single handover reference factor, while narrowband IoT services may need to consider multiple handover reference factors such as longer satellite service times and handover link data. Targeted matching criteria avoid a one-size-fits-all decision-making approach, making handover more aligned with the service's optimization goals. When the handover decision criterion involves only one handover reference factor, the decision is made directly based on the criterion and data value, eliminating the need for complex calculations of multiple handover reference factors. This reduces computational overhead and improves the real-time performance of handover decisions, making it particularly suitable for services with high response speed requirements (such as latency-sensitive services). When the handover decision criterion involves at least two handover reference factors, the decision is made by calculating a comprehensive value and combining it with the handover decision criterion, comprehensively considering the impact of multiple handover reference factors. This avoids the one-sidedness of decisions based on a single handover reference factor, ensuring the comprehensiveness and rationality of the decision. The system also supports handover decision criteria with both single and multiple handover reference factors, adapting to the complexity of different service types (from simple to complex). Whether it's a new business type dominated by a single switching reference factor or a complex business type involving multiple switching reference factors, it can be quickly adapted through corresponding decision-making logic, reducing the technical adaptation costs during business iteration. Because the decision-making process strictly follows the judgment criteria corresponding to the business type (rather than a general standard), it can accurately select candidate satellites that best meet the optimization goals of the current business type.

[0094] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0095] If the second satellite is identified as the same by multiple user terminals, the second satellite's load rate is determined based on the satellite load information to see if it exceeds the first over-limit threshold.

[0096] If so, send terminal auxiliary information and service type of all user terminals to the ground intelligent dispatch center;

[0097] Upon receiving the first satellite resources allocated to each user terminal by the ground intelligent dispatch center according to preset priority rules;

[0098] For each user terminal, the access operation for the second satellite is performed according to the allocated first satellite resources.

[0099] In the above embodiments, when multiple user terminals compete for the same candidate satellite resource (such as multiple drones needing to access the same satellite during emergency rescue), a ground-based intelligent dispatch center is introduced to conduct priority arbitration. The first over-limit threshold can be 80%. The ground-based intelligent dispatch center allocates the first satellite resource to the user terminal according to preset priority rules (such as emergency communication > telemedicine > ordinary data) (if resources are insufficient, time slots are reserved for high-priority users). The terminal auxiliary information can carry a priority identifier to help with priority decision-making.

[0100] The aforementioned switching reference factors are based on current data (such as current load and current latency). This application embodiment considers a two-dimensional evaluation of real-time values ​​and future predicted values ​​to adapt to the characteristics of satellite dynamic movement and service duration.

[0101] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0102] After calculating the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite, a deep learning prediction model is used to predict the data value of the switching reference factor within a future preset time period for each candidate satellite, based on terminal auxiliary information and historical information of measurement results of at least one candidate satellite, and to calculate the predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite.

[0103] The final composite value is calculated based on the composite value and predicted composite value of each candidate satellite and their corresponding weights.

[0104] The candidate satellite with the highest final composite value will be selected as the second satellite.

[0105] In the above embodiments, the deep learning prediction model can adopt a long short-term memory network model, take the previously calculated comprehensive value as the current value, and then use the same calculation process as the previous embodiments for the data values ​​of switching reference factors within a future preset time period for each candidate satellite. The resulting comprehensive prediction value is the prediction value. Weights are assigned to the current value and the prediction value respectively, and the final comprehensive value is calculated by merging them.

[0106] For example, for a 10-minute 4K satellite live broadcast service, if candidate satellite #3 has a front-end to end latency of 200ms but is predicted to increase to 300ms after 5 minutes, while satellite #2 has a current front-end to end latency of 250ms but is predicted to be stable, satellite #2 will be selected first based on the final comprehensive value.

[0107] In one embodiment, performing an access operation for a user terminal to a second satellite includes:

[0108] A handover request is initiated to the second satellite, and after receiving the handover response from the second satellite, configuration information is sent to the user terminal.

[0109] The above embodiment describes the process of the first satellite actively enabling the user terminal to access the second satellite after the first satellite has identified the second satellite. This requires communicating with the second satellite first, receiving the handover response from the second satellite, and then sending configuration information to the user terminal so that the user terminal can access the second satellite specified in the configuration information.

[0110] In one embodiment, performing an access operation for a user terminal to a second satellite includes:

[0111] Receive successful access information from the user terminal after it accesses the second satellite.

[0112] The above embodiments are aimed at allowing the user terminal to directly access the second satellite after identifying it, without requiring the first satellite to interact with the second satellite first.

[0113] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0114] Based on the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites, predict the changes in the coverage area of ​​the candidate satellites within a preset time period;

[0115] Based on the user terminal's movement trajectory and coverage changes, determine whether the user terminal will leave the coverage area of ​​the first satellite within a preset time period;

[0116] If so, obtain the second satellite determined from at least one candidate satellite.

[0117] In the above embodiments, coverage range changes are such as LEO satellites orbiting the Earth once every 90 minutes, with coverage boundaries accurate to ±0.1° of latitude and longitude. Movement trajectories include high-speed rail GPS data and ship AIS information.

[0118] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a satellite handover method for different user service types in this application embodiment, applied to a user terminal, including:

[0119] Step 201: After receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, perform measurements on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration to obtain the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite.

[0120] Step 202: After the reporting conditions are triggered, the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite are reported to the first satellite.

[0121] Step 203: Access the second satellite. The second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal. The data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites.

[0122] User terminals strictly adhere to the measurement configuration (including the satellite to be measured, measurement time, and measurement events) sent by the first satellite to ensure the comparability of measurement results from different user terminals for the same candidate satellite. For example, all user terminals synchronously collect data within the measurement time window specified by the first satellite (e.g., every 100ms), avoiding misjudgments due to signal fluctuations caused by differences in measurement timing, and providing reliable basic data for the first satellite's handover decision. User terminals only perform measurements on the candidate satellites specified in the measurement configuration, rather than indiscriminately scanning all visible satellites, significantly reducing terminal power consumption and computing power consumption (especially for low-power IoT terminals, reducing measurement power consumption by more than 50%), while also preventing useless data from occupying satellite-to-ground link bandwidth. Reporting conditions ensure that user terminals only report information when handover is required, reducing unnecessary reporting from occupying the satellite-to-ground link. For example, stationary user terminals with stable signals will not frequently report data; while high-speed moving high-speed rail terminals will trigger timely reporting when approaching the edge of satellite coverage (distance exceeding the threshold), ensuring the timeliness of handover decisions. The terminal assistance information reported by the user terminal, the measurement results of the candidate satellites, and the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites together form the basis for the calculation of the switching reference factors. This multi-source information fusion ensures that the selection of the second satellite can simultaneously match the terminal status, service requirements, and network status (such as satellites with low load), improving the accuracy of decision-making.

[0123] In one embodiment, the reporting condition is that the distance between the user terminal and the currently serving satellite is greater than a preset distance threshold.

[0124] In one embodiment, accessing the second satellite based on configuration information transmitted by the first satellite includes:

[0125] Receive the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites, as well as the configuration information for the candidate satellites, transmitted by the first satellite;

[0126] Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, determine the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal;

[0127] Based on the data values and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal, determine a second satellite from at least one candidate satellite, access the second satellite based on the configuration information for the second satellite, and send an access success message to the first satellite.

[0128] The above embodiment is for the process of the user terminal to determine the second satellite, which is similar to the process of the foregoing first satellite to determine the second satellite, and will not be elaborated here.

[0129] In one embodiment, accessing the second satellite includes:

[0130] After receiving the configuration information of the first satellite, access the second satellite in the configuration information.

[0131] The above embodiment is for the case where the first satellite determines the second satellite. At this time, after the first satellite determines the second satellite, it发起 a switching request to the second satellite. After receiving the switching response from the second satellite, it sends the configuration information to the user terminal. In this way, after the user terminal receives the configuration information of the first satellite, it accesses the second satellite in the configuration information.

[0132] In an application scenario of the present application, Figure 3 This is an example of the switching scenario of satellite communication in the embodiments of the present application. To achieve switching based on services, as the low-orbit satellite moves, the coverage area of Satellite #1 changes, and the terminal users at the edge of the beam coverage it serves need to switch to other satellites for communication connection. In this scenario, both Satellite #2 and Satellite #3 are visible to the user terminal UE and can provide network coverage for the user terminal UE. Satellite #2 is not visible to the gateway station #1, but there is an inter-satellite link between it and Satellite #1. Therefore, it can establish a connection with the gateway station #1 through Satellite #1 to provide communication services for UE. There is a connection between Satellite #3 and the gateway station #2, which can also provide communication services for UE.

[0133] It can be calculated that the distance from UE to Satellite #2 is less than the distance from UE to Satellite #3, that is, d3 < d4, but the distance from UE to the gateway station #1 is greater than the distance from UE to the gateway station #2, that is, d1 + d2 + d3 > d4 + d5.

[0134] In this application scenario, Satellite #1 is used as the first satellite and belongs to the source service satellite. There are two cases for the switching interaction process.

[0135] Case 1: The first satellite determines the second satellite

[0136] Figure 4 This is the satellite communication interaction diagram when the first satellite determines the second satellite in the embodiments of the present application. The interaction steps include:

[0137] Step 401: The first satellite sends the measurement configuration to the user terminal;

[0138] Step 402: After receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, the user terminal performs measurements on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration and obtains the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite.

[0139] Step 403: After the reporting conditions are triggered, the user terminal reports the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite to the first satellite.

[0140] Step 404: The first satellite determines the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal based on the terminal auxiliary information, the measurement results of the candidate satellites, and the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites.

[0141] Step 405: The first satellite determines the second satellite from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal.

[0142] Step 406: The first satellite initiates a handover request to the second satellite;

[0143] Step 407: The first satellite receives the handover response from the second satellite;

[0144] Step 408: The first satellite sends configuration information to the user terminal;

[0145] Step 409: The user terminal accesses the second satellite in the configuration information.

[0146] Step 405 above, the process of determining the second satellite from at least one candidate satellite, has two sub-cases:

[0147] Sub-case 1: Calculation based on the weights of different switching reference factors

[0148] The data values ​​of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite are normalized; based on the optimization objectives of the service type, it is determined whether the normalization result of the data values ​​of the handover reference factors should be positive or negative; the handover reference weight is used as the weight, and the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite is calculated according to the normalization result and weight of the data values ​​of different handover reference factors; the candidate satellite with the largest comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite.

[0149] A larger weight indicates that the switching reference factor is more important for the service type, and vice versa. After normalization, a larger value of the switching reference factor better aligns with the optimization objective of the service type, and is therefore positive; otherwise, it is negative. For example, for latency-sensitive services, the optimization objective is shorter end-to-end latency and propagation latency, and longer satellite service duration. Therefore, end-to-end latency and propagation latency are negative, while satellite service duration is positive. For narrowband IoT services, the optimization objective is fewer user terminal handovers (beneficial for power saving) and longer satellite service duration. Therefore, longer satellite service duration is positive, and more user terminal handovers are negative. The switching reference weight is used as the pre-configured weight. When the first satellite executes a satellite handover decision, the sum of the normalized data values ​​of multiple switching reference factors for candidate satellites and their weights is calculated based on the service type of the user terminal. Then, a comprehensive value is calculated, and the candidate satellite with the largest comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite. Table 1 provides an example of possible weight allocation for switching reference factors for different terminal service types.

[0150] Table 1

[0151]

[0152] The aforementioned service types include latency-sensitive services, broadband data services, and narrowband IoT services. These service types can be further subdivided into service subcategories, and then analyzed using a second satellite based on these subcategories. For example, latency-sensitive services can be further divided into remote surgery, real-time drone control, etc.

[0153] Sub-scenario 2: Consider the judgment criteria corresponding to different business types;

[0154] Query the handover decision criteria corresponding to the service type of the user terminal; based on the handover decision criteria, the data values ​​of different handover reference factors of each candidate satellite, and the handover reference weight, determine the second satellite from at least one candidate satellite.

[0155] The switching decision criteria corresponding to the business type are designed in the form shown in Table 2 below.

[0156] Table 2

[0157]

[0158] The actions performed by the first satellite are specifically those performed by the network equipment (base station) on it. The first satellite queries the decision criterion table based on the user terminal's service type to determine the decision criterion. For each candidate satellite, the handover reference weight varies depending on the type. When the user terminal's service type is a latency-sensitive service, such as a user in a remote area conducting telemedicine or video calls, the propagation delay has a significant impact on communication latency performance due to the long distance between satellite communication and the ground. The handover decision criterion is to select the candidate satellite with the smallest end-to-end latency T1 as the second satellite. Furthermore, the handover reference weight corresponding to the end-to-end latency of latency-sensitive services is greater than 0.5. Combining the handover decision criterion, the candidate satellite with the smallest end-to-end latency data value is selected as the second satellite. Since the distance from the user terminal UE to gateway station #1 is greater than the distance from the user terminal UE to gateway station #2 (d1+d2+d3>d4+d5), the propagation delay between the gateway station and the core network is negligible compared to the satellite propagation delay. Therefore, in this application scenario, decision satellite 3 is selected as the target serving satellite.

[0159] When the service type is broadband data service that is not sensitive to latency, the candidate satellite with the lowest path loss can be selected as the second satellite. That is, the closer the satellite is to the ground, the smaller the path loss between the user terminal (UE) and the candidate satellite, and the higher the signal strength. In this scenario, the decision satellite #2 can be used as the second satellite.

[0160] When the user terminal's service type is narrowband IoT service, the power consumption requirement is high. Therefore, candidate satellites with lower handover complexity are selected. The base station can comprehensively consider and select candidate satellites with longer service time and fewer handover links as the second satellite. Since there are two handover reference factors, the handover reference weight is required. For example, the handover reference weights corresponding to satellite service time T3 and the number of handover links M are 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. The satellite service time T3 and the number of handover links M are normalized and their positive and negative values ​​are determined. Then, they are multiplied by their respective weights to obtain a comprehensive value. The candidate satellite with the largest comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite.

[0161] Scenario 2: The user terminal determines the second satellite

[0162] Figure 5 This is a satellite communication interaction diagram in an embodiment of this application when a user terminal determines the second satellite. The interaction steps include:

[0163] Step 501: The first satellite sends the measurement configuration to the user terminal;

[0164] Step 502: After receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, the user terminal performs measurements on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration and obtains the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite.

[0165] Step 503: After the reporting conditions are triggered, the user terminal reports the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite to the first satellite.

[0166] Step 504: The first satellite sends the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellite and the configuration information for the candidate satellite to the user terminal;

[0167] Step 505: The user terminal determines the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type based on the terminal auxiliary information, the measurement results of the candidate satellites, and the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites.

[0168] Step 506: The user terminal determines the second satellite from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type.

[0169] Step 507: The user terminal accesses the second satellite based on the configuration information for the second satellite and sends access success information to the first satellite.

[0170] In another application scenario of this application, Figure 6 This application presents a base station uplink network architecture for satellites based on regeneration mode, as described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 In this context, the user terminal (UE) refers to terminals such as mobile phones and IoT devices that need to access the network.

[0171] NG - RAN (Next Generation - Radio Access Network) refers to the satellite radio access network. The network equipment of a satellite is generally a base station, which includes a control unit (CU) and a data unit (DU).

[0172] In the first regeneration mode, the control unit (CU) and data unit (DU) can be deployed on the satellite simultaneously, and the air interface NR Uu (New Radio User Equipment, 5G air interface) is on the service link between the user and the satellite.

[0173] In the second regeneration mode, the data unit (DU) is deployed on the satellite, the control unit (CU) is deployed on the ground, and the F1 port between the CU and DU is on the power supply link between the satellite and the gateway station. Figure 6In this context, 5G CN (5G Core Network) refers to the 5G core network, which interacts with the satellite's radio access network via the NG interface and then connects to the data network via the N6 interface, enabling data communication between user terminals and external networks. The NTN Gateway (Non-Terrestrial Network Gateway) acts as a bridge between the satellite and the ground control unit (CU). The F1 interface between the CU and the satellite data unit (DU) actually transmits data via F1 over SRL (the F1 interface is based on the satellite backhaul link, i.e., the feeder link between the satellite and the gateway station). The NTN gateway is responsible for adapting to the characteristics of the satellite link (such as high latency and long propagation distance) to ensure reliable transmission of signaling and data via the F1 interface.

[0174] This application also proposes a satellite handover device for different user service types. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite handover device for different user service types in an embodiment of this application. The device is applied to a first satellite and includes:

[0175] The measurement result receiving module 701 is used to receive terminal auxiliary information reported by the user terminal and measurement results of at least one candidate satellite;

[0176] The second satellite determination module 702 is used to obtain a second satellite determined from at least one candidate satellite. The second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal. The data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites.

[0177] The access operation module 703 is used to perform access operations for the user terminal to the second satellite.

[0178] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a measurement configuration transmission module for:

[0179] A measurement configuration is sent to the user terminal, the measurement configuration including at least one candidate satellite to be measured, the measurement time, and the measurement event, so that the user terminal can perform a measurement on at least one candidate satellite after receiving the measurement configuration and obtain the measurement result.

[0180] In one embodiment, the terminal auxiliary information includes at least one of the user terminal's location information, access elevation angle, and terminal service information;

[0181] The measurement results of the candidate satellite include at least one of the following: the candidate satellite's reference signal received power, the candidate satellite's reference signal received quality, the candidate satellite's service time, and the satellite-to-ground propagation delay between the user terminal and the candidate satellite.

[0182] In one embodiment, the switching reference factors include at least one of the following: end-to-end latency, satellite-to-ground propagation latency, satellite service duration, satellite load information, and number of switching links.

[0183] In one embodiment, the second satellite determination module 702 is used for:

[0184] Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, determine the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite;

[0185] Based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite.

[0186] In one embodiment, the second satellite determination module 702 is used for:

[0187] The data values ​​of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite are normalized.

[0188] Based on the optimization objectives of the business type, determine whether the normalization result of the data value of the switching reference factor should be positive or negative.

[0189] Using the switching reference weight as the weight, and based on the normalized processing results and weights of the data values ​​of different switching reference factors, the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite is calculated.

[0190] The candidate satellite with the highest comprehensive value will be selected as the second satellite.

[0191] In one embodiment, the second satellite determination module 702 is used for:

[0192] After using the switching reference weight as a weight, the system determines whether the load rate of the candidate satellite exceeds the load rate threshold based on the satellite load information. If so, the weight of the satellite load information is increased according to a preset ratio.

[0193] When the latency of a user terminal's real-time service suddenly exceeds a preset duration, the weight of the end-to-end latency is increased according to a preset ratio.

[0194] In one embodiment, the second satellite determination module 702 is used for:

[0195] Query the switching decision criteria corresponding to the service type of the user terminal;

[0196] If the switching decision criterion involves a switching reference factor, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the switching decision criterion and the data values ​​of the different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite.

[0197] If the handover decision criterion involves at least two handover reference factors, a comprehensive value for each candidate satellite is calculated based on the data values ​​of the different handover reference factors and the handover reference weight for each candidate satellite. A second satellite is then determined from at least one candidate satellite according to the handover decision criterion.

[0198] In one embodiment, the access operation module 703 is used to:

[0199] A handover request is initiated to the second satellite, and after receiving the handover response from the second satellite, configuration information is sent to the user terminal.

[0200] In one embodiment, the access operation module 703 is used to:

[0201] Receive successful access information from the user terminal after it accesses the second satellite.

[0202] This application also proposes another satellite handover device for different user service types. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another satellite handover device for different user service types in this application embodiment. The device is applied to a user terminal and includes:

[0203] The measurement configuration receiving module 801 is used to perform measurements on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration after receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, and to obtain the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite.

[0204] The reporting module 802 is used to report the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite to the first satellite after the reporting conditions are triggered.

[0205] Access module 803 is used to access a second satellite based on configuration information sent by a first satellite. The second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite according to the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal. The data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors of each candidate satellite are determined based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites.

[0206] In one embodiment, the reporting condition is that the distance between the user terminal and the currently serving satellite is greater than a preset distance threshold.

[0207] In one embodiment, the access module 803 is used for:

[0208] Receive the interaction information between the first satellite and the candidate satellites, as well as the configuration information for the candidate satellites, transmitted by the first satellite;

[0209] Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, determine the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal;

[0210] Based on the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the service type of the user terminal, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite, and access is made to the second satellite based on the configuration information for the second satellite, and access success information is sent to the first satellite.

[0211] In one embodiment, the access module 803 is used for:

[0212] After receiving the configuration information of the first satellite, it accesses the second satellite in the configuration information.

[0213] In summary, the beneficial effects achieved by the method and apparatus proposed in this application are as follows: By using the service type of the user terminal as the core decision-making basis, corresponding switching reference factors and reference weights are matched for different service types, ensuring that the switching strategy is deeply aligned with the service optimization goals and avoiding service experience loss caused by general strategies. By clarifying the correspondence between service type, switching reference factors, and switching reference weights, the situation of selecting non-optimal candidate satellites due to failure to consider service differences is reduced, ensuring the normal operation of services after switching from the decision-making source and improving service reliability. The data values ​​and reference weights of the switching reference factors are determined based on multi-dimensional data such as terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, avoiding the limitations of a single data source. Compared with traditional methods that rely solely on satellite measurement results, this method has a more comprehensive data foundation and can more realistically reflect the actual service capabilities of candidate satellites. The second satellite is determined through a quantitative calculation method of data value + reference weight, replacing the traditional qualitative judgment that relies on experience or a single indicator, reducing human decision-making bias, ensuring that the second satellite selected from at least one candidate satellite is the optimal solution in the current service scenario, and improving the objectivity and accuracy of switching selection. Since the second satellite is selected as the optimal candidate satellite based on service optimization goals and multi-dimensional data, the probability of a secondary handover due to mismatched satellite service capabilities after the initial handover can be reduced. This also reduces ineffective operations such as inter-satellite signaling interaction and resource reallocation, lowers resource consumption of the first satellite, candidate satellites, and user terminals, and improves the overall resource utilization efficiency of the satellite communication system. During the selection of the second satellite, the handover reference weight can be adjusted based on the measurement results of the candidate satellites, indirectly achieving a balanced distribution of load among satellites. This avoids performance degradation caused by excessive service load on a single satellite, ensuring the overall stability of the satellite system. By accurately selecting a second satellite that matches service requirements, services can quickly adapt to the new satellite's service capabilities after the handover, reducing service interruption duration and data packet loss rate caused by satellite handover, improving service continuity, and enhancing user satisfaction with satellite communication services.

[0214] This application also provides a computer device. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of this application. The computer device 900 includes a memory 910, a processor 920, and a computer program 930 stored in the memory 910 and executable on the processor 920. When the processor 920 executes the computer program 930, it implements the above-mentioned satellite handover method for different user service types.

[0215] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described satellite handover method for different user service types.

[0216] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described satellite handover method for different user service types.

[0217] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0218] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0219] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0220] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0221] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A satellite handover method for different user service types, characterized in that, Applied to the first satellite, including: Receive terminal assistance information reported by the user terminal and measurement results of at least one candidate satellite; Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type are determined. The data values ​​of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite are normalized. If the switching reference factor has a positive impact on the service type, the normalized result of the switching reference factor's data value is taken as a positive value; otherwise, it is taken as a negative value. The switching reference weight is used as a weight, and the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite is calculated according to the normalized results and weights of the data values ​​of different switching reference factors. After calculating the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite, a deep learning prediction model is used to predict the data values ​​of the switching reference factors for each candidate satellite within a future preset time period based on terminal auxiliary information and historical information of measurement results of at least one candidate satellite, and the predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite is calculated. The final comprehensive value is calculated according to the comprehensive value and predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite and their corresponding weights. The candidate satellite with the largest final comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite. Perform access to the second satellite for the user terminal.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A measurement configuration is sent to the user terminal, the measurement configuration including at least one candidate satellite to be measured, the measurement time, and the measurement event, so that the user terminal can perform a measurement on at least one candidate satellite after receiving the measurement configuration and obtain the measurement result.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The terminal auxiliary information includes one or any combination of terminal location information, access elevation angle, and terminal service information. The measurement results of the candidate satellite include one or any combination of the following: the candidate satellite's reference signal received power, the candidate satellite's reference signal received quality, the candidate satellite's serviceable time and distance, and the candidate satellite's propagation delay.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The switching reference factors include one or any combination of end-to-end latency, satellite-to-ground propagation latency, satellite service duration, satellite load information, and the number of switching links.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After using the switching reference weight as the weight, it also includes: Based on the satellite load information, determine whether the load rate of the candidate satellite exceeds the load rate threshold. If so, increase the weight of the satellite load information according to the preset ratio. When the latency of a user terminal's real-time service suddenly exceeds a preset duration, the weight of the end-to-end latency is increased according to a preset ratio.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite, including: Query the switching decision criteria corresponding to the service type of the user terminal; If the switching decision criterion involves a switching reference factor, a second satellite is determined from at least one candidate satellite based on the switching decision criterion and the data values ​​of the different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite. If the handover decision criterion involves at least two handover reference factors, a comprehensive value for each candidate satellite is calculated based on the data values ​​of the different handover reference factors and the handover reference weight for each candidate satellite. A second satellite is then determined from at least one candidate satellite according to the handover decision criterion.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Performing access operations for the user terminal to the second satellite, including: A handover request is initiated to the second satellite, and after receiving the handover response from the second satellite, configuration information is sent to the user terminal.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Performing access operations for the user terminal to the second satellite, including: Receive successful access information from the user terminal after it accesses the second satellite.

9. A satellite handover method for different user service types, characterized in that, Applied to user terminals, including: After receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, the measurement is performed on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration, and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite are obtained. After the reporting conditions are triggered, the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite are reported to the first satellite. The system receives interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, as well as configuration information for the candidate satellites, transmitted by the first satellite. Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results from candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first and candidate satellites, it determines the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type. It normalizes the data values ​​of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite. If the handover reference factor has a positive impact on the service type, the normalized result of the data value determination is taken as a positive value; otherwise, it is taken as a negative value. The handover reference weight is used as a weight, and the data values ​​of different handover reference factors are processed accordingly. The normalized values ​​and weights are used to calculate the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite. After calculating the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite, a deep learning prediction model is used to predict the data value of the switching reference factor within a future preset time period for each candidate satellite, based on terminal auxiliary information and historical information of measurement results of at least one candidate satellite, and calculate the predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite. The final comprehensive value is calculated according to the comprehensive value and predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite and the corresponding weight. The candidate satellite with the largest final comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite, and access is initiated to the second satellite based on the configuration information for the second satellite, and access success information is sent to the first satellite.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The reporting condition is that the distance between the user terminal and the currently serving satellite is greater than a preset distance threshold.

11. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Access to the second satellite includes: After receiving the configuration information of the first satellite, it accesses the second satellite in the configuration information.

12. A satellite handover device for different user service types, characterized in that, Applied to the first satellite, including: The measurement result receiving module is used to receive terminal auxiliary information reported by the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite; The second satellite determination module is used to determine the data values ​​and switching reference weights of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type, based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results of candidate satellites, and interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites; normalize the data values ​​of different switching reference factors for each candidate satellite; if the switching reference factor has a positive impact on the service type, the normalized result of the data value of the switching reference factor is taken as a positive value, otherwise it is taken as a negative value; using the switching reference weight as a weight, the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite is calculated according to the normalized result of the data value of different switching reference factors and the weight; after calculating the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite, a deep learning prediction model is used to predict the data values ​​of switching reference factors for each candidate satellite within a future preset time period based on terminal auxiliary information and historical information of measurement results of at least one candidate satellite, and calculate the predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite; the final comprehensive value is calculated according to the comprehensive value and predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite and the corresponding weight; the candidate satellite with the largest final comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite. The access operation module is used to perform access operations for user terminals to the second satellite.

13. A satellite switching device for different user service types, characterized in that, Applied to user terminals, including: The measurement configuration receiving module is used to perform measurements on at least one candidate satellite to be measured in the measurement configuration after receiving the measurement configuration sent by the first satellite, and obtain the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite. The reporting module is used to report the terminal assistance information of the user terminal and the measurement results of at least one candidate satellite to the first satellite after the reporting conditions are triggered. The access module receives interaction information between the first satellite and candidate satellites, as well as configuration information for the candidate satellites, transmitted by the first satellite. Based on terminal auxiliary information, measurement results from the candidate satellites, and the interaction information between the first and candidate satellites, it determines the data values ​​and handover reference weights of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite corresponding to the user terminal's service type. It normalizes the data values ​​of different handover reference factors for each candidate satellite. If the handover reference factor has a positive impact on the service type, the normalized result of the determined handover reference factor data value is taken as a positive value; otherwise, it is taken as a negative value. The handover reference weight is used as a weight, and the data values ​​are processed according to different handover reference factors. The normalized data values ​​and weights are used to calculate the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite. After calculating the comprehensive value of each candidate satellite, a deep learning prediction model is used to predict the data value of the switching reference factor within a future preset time period for each candidate satellite, based on terminal auxiliary information and historical information of measurement results of at least one candidate satellite, and calculate the predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite. The final comprehensive value is calculated according to the comprehensive value and predicted comprehensive value of each candidate satellite and the corresponding weight. The candidate satellite with the largest final comprehensive value is selected as the second satellite, and access is initiated to the second satellite based on the configuration information for the second satellite, and access success information is sent to the first satellite.

14. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

16. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

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