Solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method, storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a start-up control method and storage medium for solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cells, belonging to the field of fuel cell technology. The control method includes acquiring the stack current and calculating the required hydrogen release rate according to a power-limited collaborative control method; allocating heating power according to the temperature distribution differences in different regions of the solid-state hydrogen storage module to perform differentiated heating of the solid-state hydrogen storage module; adjusting the heating power of the solid-state hydrogen storage module according to a PID control method to adjust the hydrogen release rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, including: if the actual hydrogen release rate is less than the required hydrogen release rate, using the actual hydrogen release rate; if it is not less than the required hydrogen release rate, using the required hydrogen release rate; wherein, the heating power is corrected according to the temperature response characteristics of the hydrogen storage material to obtain the actual applied heating power; this invention optimizes the rapid heating process of the solid-state hydrogen storage module in the low-temperature start-up stage through a layered heating strategy, reduces the low-temperature heating time of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell, and effectively improves the output performance of the fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically to a start-up control method and storage medium for solid hydrogen storage fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage materials (such as MgH2-based alloys) exhibit a significant decrease in desorption rate at low temperatures (<0°C), leading to insufficient hydrogen supply and preventing normal startup of fuel cells. Traditional heating strategies (such as global constant-power heating) are energy-intensive, have uneven temperature distribution, and are prone to localized overheating or cold spots. During sudden load increases, hydrogen supply lags, system pressure fluctuates greatly, and the stack output power is unstable, severely impacting fuel cell performance and application range. Therefore, a low-temperature startup and power control method for solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cells is needed to improve their performance under low-temperature conditions and enhance their environmental adaptability and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a start-up control method and storage medium for solid hydrogen storage fuel cells, so as to overcome the defects caused by the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a start-up control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell, comprising:

[0006] Obtain the stack current and calculate the required hydrogen release rate based on the power-limited collaborative control method;

[0007] Heating power is allocated according to the temperature distribution differences in different areas of the solid hydrogen storage module, so as to perform differentiated heating on the solid hydrogen storage module.

[0008] The heating power of the solid hydrogen storage module is adjusted according to the PID control method, and the hydrogen release rate of the solid hydrogen storage module is adjusted, including: if the actual hydrogen release rate is less than the required hydrogen release rate, the actual hydrogen release rate is used; if the actual hydrogen release rate is not less than the required hydrogen release rate, the required hydrogen release rate is used.

[0009] Among them, the heating power is modified according to the temperature response characteristics of the hydrogen storage material to obtain the actual applied heating power, which is used to improve the low-temperature start-up response speed.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the differentiated heating includes a start-up phase and a hydrogen release phase;

[0011] During the startup phase, when the temperature of the hydrogen outlet area is detected to be lower than the first target temperature value, the heating power of the first preset proportion is preferentially allocated to the heating device corresponding to the hydrogen outlet area.

[0012] During the hydrogen release phase, when the temperature of the hydrogen storage material area is detected to be lower than the second target temperature value, a second preset proportion of heating power is allocated to the heating device corresponding to the hydrogen storage material area.

[0013] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the formula for calculating the temperature change of region i on the solid hydrogen storage module with heating time during the differentiated heating is as follows;

[0014] ;

[0015] in, Let i be the temperature change over time. It is the temperature of region i. Let i be the heating power of region i. Let k be the residual heat of the fuel cell in region i, and k be the thermal conductivity coefficient. Let i be the specific heat capacity of region i, where i ≥ 1. The ambient temperature is represented by the linear arrangement of the regions, with region i-1 and region i being adjacent regions.

[0016] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the actual hydrogen release rate is calculated using the following formula;

[0017] ;

[0018] in, This represents the actual hydrogen release rate. For apparent frequency factor, The activation energy is T, and the temperature is T. P and P represent the demand pressure and actual pressure, respectively, R is the gas constant, and e is the natural constant.

[0019] A further aspect of this invention includes optimizing the hydrogen release rate error based on model prediction control, wherein the objective function of the model is:

[0020] ;

[0021] Where w1 and w2 are weighting coefficients, The deviation is due to the hydrogen release rate. This refers to power fluctuation deviation.

[0022] The weighting coefficients w1 and w2 are dynamically adjusted according to the different startup states of the solid hydrogen storage fuel cell.

[0023] When the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell is in a low-temperature start-up state, the weighting coefficient w1 is increased; when the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell is in a steady-state operation stage, the weighting coefficient w2 is increased.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the required hydrogen release rate is achieved by the following formula;

[0025] ;

[0026] in, For the fuel cell stack current, Let f be the hydrogen release rate, and f be the relationship function between the hydrogen release rate and the stack current.

[0027] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the actual applied heating power is calculated using the following formula;

[0028] ;

[0029] in, This represents the actual heating power. The temperature response time constant of the hydrogen storage material. Here, denoted as , represents the theoretical heating power, e is the natural constant, and t is the time.

[0030] In a further embodiment, the proportional parameter of the PID control method is calculated using the following formula;

[0031] ;

[0032] in, For PID control, the proportional parameter Here, 'a' is the initial proportionality parameter, and 'a' is the temperature correlation coefficient. Let represent the temperature change of region i over time.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system for executing the above-described solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method, comprising:

[0034] The distribution module is configured to distribute heating power according to the temperature distribution differences in different areas, thereby providing differentiated heating for the solid hydrogen storage module.

[0035] The comparison module is configured to dynamically adjust the heating power based on the real-time temperature and pressure on the solid hydrogen storage module, thereby adjusting the actual hydrogen release rate of the solid hydrogen storage module; calculate the required hydrogen release rate based on the power limit collaborative control method; if the actual hydrogen release rate is less than the required hydrogen release rate, use the actual hydrogen release rate; if the actual hydrogen release rate is not less than the required hydrogen release rate, use the required hydrogen release rate.

[0036] The optimization module is configured to adjust the heating power of the hydrogen storage module and the opening of the proportional valve according to the PID control method, and combine model predictive control to optimize the hydrogen release rate error and battery output power fluctuation.

[0037] The correction module is configured to adjust the heating power according to the temperature response characteristics of the hydrogen storage material to obtain the actual applied heating power and improve the low-temperature start-up response speed.

[0038] Thirdly, the present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instruction stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the control method described above.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0040] This invention optimizes the rapid heating process of the solid hydrogen storage module during the low-temperature start-up phase by implementing differentiated heating methods for different regions of the solid hydrogen storage module and adopting a layered and graded heating strategy. This reduces the low-temperature heating time of the solid hydrogen storage fuel cell. At the same time, the power limiting collaborative control method greatly reduces the power fluctuation of the fuel cell stack, effectively improving the output performance, stability, and reliability of the fuel cell. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-state hydrogen storage module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses an embodiment, which relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a cooling module, and a controller; the solid-state hydrogen storage module is used to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack; the air supply module is used to supply air to the fuel cell stack; the cooling module is used to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack and provide a heat source for the solid-state hydrogen storage module; the controller is used for controlling each module and the power output of the system.

[0046] The solid hydrogen storage module is equipped with multi-parameter sensors for detecting temperature, pressure, and flow signals during its operation. The controller is also configured to stably release hydrogen from the solid hydrogen storage module based on the identification of changes in temperature, pressure, and flow.

[0047] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system is specifically designed as follows;

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the solid-state hydrogen storage module includes a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, a heating module, and a pressure buffer. Multi-parameter sensors are connected between the outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and the inlet of the heating module and pressure buffer. The multi-parameter sensors are used to collect signals such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate during the operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage module. Temperature is primarily measured by thermocouples (K-type) arranged on the surface and inside the solid-state hydrogen storage module, covering three layers along the axial direction with four radial points in each layer, ensuring the acquisition of temperature signals from different areas. Pressure and flow sensors are located at the outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, collecting hydrogen release flow and pressure signals. The heating module controls the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module. The pressure buffer suppresses high- and low-frequency pressure disturbances under varying load conditions, thereby achieving efficient and stable hydrogen release.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen circulation pump is installed between the solid hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell stack to provide circulation power for hydrogen; the exhaust and drain valve is used to discharge waste gas and moisture from the anode gas circulation process into the system.

[0050] The air supply module includes an integrated ambient temperature and pressure sensor, a flow meter assembly, a blower, an outlet throttle valve, and an inlet three-way valve;

[0051] The flow meter assembly and blower are connected in sequence, and a humidifier is connected between the blower and the infeed three-way valve. The infeed three-way valve connects to the fuel cell stack, and the outfeed throttle valve connects the fuel cell stack and the humidifier. A silencer is connected between the infeed three-way valve and the humidifier. The controller is configured to control the humidity of the air entering the fuel cell stack. An integrated ambient temperature and pressure sensor is placed in the external environment of the entire solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system to detect the temperature and pressure of the fuel cell operating environment. An air filter and air flow meter are used to filter impurities in the air and measure the flow rate of the air entering the stack. The blower provides power to the air. The humidifier controls the relative humidity of the air entering the stack. The infeed three-way valve is used to regulate the flow rate of the air entering the stack and the bypass. Air infeed temperature and pressure sensors are used to measure the pressure and temperature of the air entering the stack to determine whether they meet the requirements of the fuel cell stack. The outfeed throttle valve is used to regulate the air system pressure and seal the fuel cell stack when the system is shut down. The exhaust silencer is used for exhaust gas treatment.

[0052] The cooling module includes a water tank, a water pump, a filter, and a radiator; the water pump, water tank, filter, and radiator are connected in sequence; a thermostat is connected between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, the thermostat is connected to the outlet of the filter, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0053] As attached Figure 3As shown, the present invention provides another embodiment, which proposes a method for low-temperature start-up and power control of a solid hydrogen storage fuel cell based on the above system architecture, including obtaining the stack current and calculating the required hydrogen release rate according to the power limitation cooperative control method.

[0054] Heating power is allocated according to the temperature distribution differences in different areas of the solid hydrogen storage module, so as to perform differentiated heating on the solid hydrogen storage module.

[0055] The heating power of the solid hydrogen storage module is adjusted according to the PID control method, and the hydrogen release rate of the solid hydrogen storage module is adjusted, including: if the actual hydrogen release rate is less than the required hydrogen release rate, the actual hydrogen release rate is used; if the actual hydrogen release rate is not less than the required hydrogen release rate, the required hydrogen release rate is used.

[0056] Among them, the heating power is modified according to the temperature response characteristics of the hydrogen storage material to obtain the actual applied heating power, which is used to improve the low-temperature start-up response speed.

[0057] The following detailed description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, illustrates that the control methods include multi-level gradient preheating technology and power limiting collaborative control method;

[0058] The multi-level gradient preheating technology divides the solid hydrogen storage module into three regions: hydrogen outlet, intermediate, and hydrogen storage material, and establishes its heat transfer equation.

[0059] ;

[0060] in, Let i be the temperature change over time. It is the temperature of region i. Let i be the heating power of region i. Let k be the residual heat of the fuel cell in region i, and k be the thermal conductivity coefficient. Let i be the specific heat capacity of region i, where i ≥ 1. The ambient temperature is represented by the linear arrangement of the regions, with region i-1 and region i being adjacent regions.

[0061] Subsequently, a layered heating strategy is adopted. During the start-up phase, when the hydrogen outlet area is lower than the first target temperature, 80% of the heating power is preferentially allocated to the outlet area heating device. At the same time, during the hydrogen release phase, an auxiliary heating strategy is adopted for the hydrogen storage material area. When the hydrogen storage material area is lower than the second target temperature, 60% of the heating power is allocated to this area. Simultaneously, a small amount of hydrogen is released into the buffer tank and the pipeline is pre-filled to reduce the start-up delay of the fuel cell stack.

[0062] The actual hydrogen release rate is obtained by establishing a hydrogen release rate model based on the Arrhenius equation:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, This represents the actual hydrogen release rate. For apparent frequency factor, The activation energy is T, and the temperature is T. P and P represent the demand pressure and actual pressure, respectively, R is the gas constant, and e is the natural constant. Based on the real-time temperature and pressure, the heating power is dynamically adjusted to achieve a hydrogen release rate close to the theoretical demand value.

[0065] The power-limited cooperative control method is based on the stack current. Calculate the required hydrogen release rate Adjust the heating power in advance to meet the hydrogen release rate requirement as quickly as possible; the required hydrogen release rate is calculated as follows:

[0066] ;

[0067] If the actual hydrogen release rate Less than the required hydrogen release rate When this occurs, the fuel cell power limit protection is triggered. At this time, the output power of the fuel cell is reduced according to the actual hydrogen release rate; if the actual hydrogen release rate... Not less than the required hydrogen release rate The required hydrogen release rate.

[0068] The specific power-limited coordinated control algorithm is as follows: When a power request from the fuel cell stack is received, a PID control method is used to quickly adjust the heating power of the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the proportional valve to ensure that the hydrogen release rate meets the system power request. The proportional parameters of the PID control method are calculated as follows:

[0069] ;

[0070] in, For PID control, the proportional parameter Here, 'a' is the initial proportionality parameter, and 'a' is the temperature correlation coefficient. Let represent the temperature change of region i over time. By introducing a temperature correlation coefficient 'a', the proportionality coefficient is correlated with the temperature change rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, which can improve the control effect of the hydrogen release rate.

[0071] Then, the MPC optimization method is used to construct a multi-objective prediction model for hydrogen release rate error and power fluctuation, in order to minimize the hydrogen release error and power fluctuation:

[0072] ;

[0073] The constraints are as follows: < Proportional valve opening degree: 10-90%;

[0074] Where w1 and w2 are weighting coefficients, The deviation is due to the hydrogen release rate. For power fluctuation deviation, Temperature i represents the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module region. The maximum temperature limit is determined based on the specific object.

[0075] The weighting coefficients w1 and w2 are dynamically adjusted according to the different startup states of the fuel cell. For example, when the fuel cell is in a low-temperature startup state, the weighting coefficient w1 is increased; when the fuel cell is in a steady-state operation stage, the weighting coefficient w2 is increased.

[0076] Meanwhile, due to the thermal inertia of the hydrogen storage material, a temperature hysteresis compensation algorithm is introduced to correct the heating power:

[0077] ;

[0078] in, This is the temperature response time constant of the hydrogen storage material, which is related to the specific material properties. This represents the actual heating power. Let be the theoretical heating power, e be the natural constant, and t be time. During the start-up phase, the hydrogen storage material region is heated preferentially to achieve rapid and efficient hydrogen release and reduce energy consumption.

[0079] The aforementioned methods for low-temperature start-up and power control of solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cells enable the solid-state hydrogen storage module to rapidly, stably, and efficiently release hydrogen in low-temperature environments, thus achieving rapid start-up. Simultaneously, stable power control of the fuel cell is achieved, significantly reducing power fluctuations.

[0080] The present invention also provides an embodiment relating to a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described control method.

[0081] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0082] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A start-up control method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell, characterized in that, include The stack current is obtained, and the required hydrogen release rate is calculated based on the power-limited collaborative control method; the required hydrogen release rate is achieved by the following formula; ； in, For the fuel cell stack current, The required hydrogen release rate is given by f, which is the relationship function between the hydrogen release rate and the stack current. Heating power is allocated according to the temperature distribution differences in different areas of the solid hydrogen storage module, so as to perform differentiated heating on the solid hydrogen storage module. The heating power of the solid hydrogen storage module is adjusted according to the PID control method, and the hydrogen release rate of the solid hydrogen storage module is adjusted, including: if the actual hydrogen release rate is less than the required hydrogen release rate, the actual hydrogen release rate is used; if the actual hydrogen release rate is not less than the required hydrogen release rate, the required hydrogen release rate is used. Among them, the heating power is modified according to the temperature response characteristics of the hydrogen storage material to obtain the actual applied heating power, which is used to improve the low-temperature start-up response speed.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differentiated heating includes a start-up phase and a hydrogen release phase; During the startup phase, when the temperature of the hydrogen outlet area is detected to be lower than the first target temperature value, the heating power of the first preset proportion is preferentially allocated to the heating device corresponding to the hydrogen outlet area. During the hydrogen release phase, when the temperature of the hydrogen storage material area is detected to be lower than the second target temperature value, a second preset proportion of heating power is allocated to the heating device corresponding to the hydrogen storage material area.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the temperature change of region i on the solid hydrogen storage module with heating time in the differentiated heating is as follows; ； in, Let i be the temperature change over time. It is the temperature of region i. Heating power of region i Let k be the residual heat of the fuel cell in region i, and k be the thermal conductivity coefficient. Let i be the specific heat capacity of region i, where i ≥ 1. The ambient temperature is represented by the linear arrangement of the regions, with region i-1 and region i being adjacent regions.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual hydrogen release rate is calculated using the following formula; ； in, This represents the actual hydrogen release rate. For apparent frequency factor, The activation energy is T, and the temperature is T. P and P represent the demand pressure and actual pressure, respectively, R is the gas constant, and e is the natural constant.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes optimizing the hydrogen release rate error based on model prediction control, wherein the objective function of the model is: ； Where w1 and w2 are weighting coefficients, The deviation is due to the hydrogen release rate. This refers to power fluctuation deviation.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The weighting coefficients w1 and w2 are dynamically adjusted according to the different startup states of the solid hydrogen storage fuel cell. When the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell is in a low-temperature start-up state, the weighting coefficient w1 is increased; when the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell is in a steady-state operation phase, the weighting coefficient w is increased. 2。 7. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual applied heating power is calculated using the following formula; ； in, This represents the actual heating power. The temperature response time constant of the hydrogen storage material. Here, denoted as , represents the theoretical heating power, e is the natural constant, and t is the time.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell start-up control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The proportional parameter of the PID control method is calculated using the following formula; ； in, For PID control, the proportional parameter Here, 'a' is the initial proportionality parameter, and 'a' is the temperature correlation coefficient. Let represent the temperature change of region i over time.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the control method described in any one of claims 1-8.

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