A hemodialysis complication risk early warning and intervention method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hemodialysis complication analysis technology, specifically to a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks. The method acquires blood flow velocity and blood pressure data for each hemodialysis session in real time; based on the magnitude and changes in blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data from the patient's specified historical hemodialysis sessions, it obtains the patient's first dialysis risk level; based on the magnitude of various test indicators and blood flow velocity data from the patient's most recent hemodialysis session, it obtains the patient's second dialysis risk level; based on the first and second dialysis risk levels, it obtains the patient's current hemodialysis complication risk level, thereby determining the patient's current hemodialysis risk and intervention measures. This invention, by integrating multi-dimensional data, achieves accurate risk warning for hemodialysis complications, enabling intervention measures to be taken before clinical symptoms appear, effectively reducing the incidence of complications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hemodialysis complication analysis technology, specifically to a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks. Background Technology

[0002] Hemodialysis is the core renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. It mimics human kidney function through extracorporeal circulation and solute diffusion / convection, removing metabolic waste (such as urea and creatinine) and excess water from the patient's body, and correcting electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, thereby maintaining the patient's life.

[0003] However, hemodialysis is a non-physiological treatment, requiring patients to experience frequent and rapid changes in fluid volume and solute concentration, making them highly susceptible to various complications during and between treatment sessions. These complications mainly fall into two categories: acute complications (such as hypotension during dialysis, muscle cramps, disequilibrium syndrome, nausea and vomiting, etc.) and chronic complications (such as hypertension, heart failure, anemia, renal osteodystrophy, etc.). These complications not only significantly reduce patients' quality of life and treatment adherence but are also important reasons for increased readmission and mortality rates.

[0004] In current clinical practice, the main methods for managing the risk of hemodialysis complications are symptom monitoring, regular laboratory tests, and intermittent vital sign measurements. These methods have a certain lag, and complications are often only discovered when they have progressed to a certain extent, with obvious discomfort symptoms or significant changes in key test indicators. At this point, the risk of complications may already be quite serious. Therefore, the existing methods for managing the risk of hemodialysis complications are prone to missing the best intervention opportunity, increasing the difficulty of treating hemodialysis complications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem of untimely identification of hemodialysis complication risks, the present invention aims to provide a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks, the specific technical solution of which is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Real-time acquisition of blood flow velocity and blood pressure data for each hemodialysis session; acquisition of various test index data for each hemodialysis session.

[0008] Based on the magnitude and variation of blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data in each patient's specified historical hemodialysis, the first dialysis risk level for each patient is obtained;

[0009] The second dialysis risk level for each patient is determined based on the magnitude of various test indicators from each patient’s most recent hemodialysis and the magnitude of blood flow velocity data at each moment.

[0010] Based on each patient's primary and secondary dialysis risk levels, the current risk level of complications during hemodialysis is determined for each patient; based on the risk level of complications, the patient's current hemodialysis risk and intervention methods are determined.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the first dialysis risk level is as follows:

[0012] For any patient and any specified historical hemodialysis session of that patient, the mean of all blood flow velocity data in that specified historical hemodialysis session is used as the reference blood flow velocity data for that specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0013] Based on the trend and fluctuation of the reference blood flow velocity data from all specified historical hemodialysis sessions of the patient, the degree of blood flow instability of the patient is obtained;

[0014] Based on the blood pressure data at each moment in each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient, the degree of blood pressure abnormality in each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient is obtained;

[0015] Based on the correlation between the reference blood flow velocity data of each specified historical hemodialysis session and the degree of blood pressure abnormality, the patient's dialysis risk analysis value is obtained;

[0016] The patient's blood flow instability, dialysis risk analysis value, and blood pressure abnormality were summed and normalized to obtain the patient's first dialysis risk level.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the degree of blood flow instability is as follows:

[0018] The reference blood flow velocity data for each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient are arranged according to the chronological order of the corresponding specified historical hemodialysis sessions to obtain the first sequence;

[0019] The reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence are fitted into a straight line, and the slope of the straight line is normalized to represent the overall degree of change in blood flow.

[0020] The degree of blood flow instability in the patient is determined by multiplying the negative correlation between the overall degree of blood flow change and the variance of all reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the degree of blood pressure abnormality is as follows:

[0022] For any given historical hemodialysis session of the patient, the blood pressure data from that specific historical hemodialysis session are fitted into a curve according to the time sequence. The blood pressure data corresponding to the maximum value points of the curve are all taken as the first blood pressure data; the blood pressure data corresponding to the minimum value points of the curve are all taken as the second blood pressure data.

[0023] The patient's age is used to determine the corresponding systolic and diastolic blood pressure ranges. Based on the relationship between each first blood pressure data point and the systolic blood pressure range, the degree of abnormal blood pressure systolic function in the specified historical hemodialysis is obtained.

[0024] Based on the relationship between each second blood pressure data point and the diastolic blood pressure range, the degree of diastolic abnormality in the specified historical hemodialysis session is obtained.

[0025] The result of adding the abnormal systolic blood pressure and the abnormal diastolic blood pressure and then normalizing the sum is taken as the degree of blood pressure abnormality for the patient in this specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0026] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the degree of abnormal blood pressure contraction is as follows:

[0027] The first blood pressure data that is not within the systolic blood pressure range is regarded as the first deviation data, and the first blood pressure data that is within the systolic blood pressure range is regarded as the first normal data.

[0028] For any first deviation data, the absolute value of the difference between the first deviation data and the upper and lower limits of the systolic blood pressure range is taken as the first deviation value. The smallest first deviation value is taken as the degree of systolic deviation of the first deviation data. The first deviation data corresponding to the largest degree of systolic deviation is taken as the first deviation reference data.

[0029] For any first deviation reference data, the time corresponding to the first normal data that is prior to and closest to the first deviation reference data in time sequence is taken as the first time; the interval between the first time and the time corresponding to the first deviation reference data is taken as the contraction deviation change duration of the first deviation reference data; the average of the contraction deviation change durations of all first deviation reference data is taken as the overall contraction deviation change duration of the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0030] The ratio of the total number of first deviation data to the total number of first blood pressure data is used as the contraction deviation percentage of the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0031] The product of the percentage of contraction deviation, the mean of the degree of contraction deviation of all first deviation data, and the reciprocal of the overall contraction deviation change duration is taken as the degree of abnormal blood pressure contraction in the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0032] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality is as follows:

[0033] Second blood pressure data that are not within the diastolic range are considered as second deviation data, and second blood pressure data that are within the diastolic range are considered as second normal data.

[0034] For any second deviation data, the absolute value of the difference between the second deviation data and the upper and lower limits of the diastolic pressure range is taken as the second deviation value. The smallest second deviation value is taken as the degree of diastolic deviation of the second deviation data. The second deviation data corresponding to the largest degree of diastolic deviation is taken as the second deviation reference data.

[0035] For any second deviation reference data, the time corresponding to the second normal data that is chronologically preceding and closest to the second deviation reference data is taken as the second time; the interval between the second time and the time corresponding to the second deviation reference data is taken as the diastolic deviation change duration of the second deviation reference data; the average of the diastolic deviation change durations of all second deviation reference data is taken as the overall diastolic deviation change duration of the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0036] The ratio of the total number of second deviation data to the total number of second blood pressure data is used as the diastolic deviation percentage of the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0037] The product of the diastolic deviation percentage, the mean of the diastolic deviation degree of all second deviation data, and the reciprocal of the overall diastolic deviation change duration is taken as the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality for that specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0038] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the dialysis risk analysis value is as follows:

[0039] The degree of blood pressure abnormality of each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient is arranged according to the time sequence of the corresponding specified historical hemodialysis sessions to obtain the second sequence;

[0040] The result of negatively correlated Pearson correlation coefficients between the first and second sequences was used as the dialysis risk analysis value for the patient.

[0041] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the second dialysis risk level is as follows:

[0042] For any patient, the various test indicators from the patient's most recent hemodialysis were compared with their normal ranges. Test indicators that exceeded the normal range were considered abnormal test indicators.

[0043] The blood flow velocity data at each moment during the patient's most recent hemodialysis session were used as the analysis blood flow velocity data. The difference between each analysis blood flow velocity data and the preset standard blood flow velocity data was used as the first difference.

[0044] The moment when the smallest first difference first appears is taken as the steady moment;

[0045] The duration of the time interval between the start time and the stable time of the patient's most recent hemodialysis session is taken as the blood flow stabilization time.

[0046] The normalized sum of the number of abnormal detection data, the mean of the first difference, the duration of blood flow stabilization, and the largest first difference after the stabilization point is used as the patient's second dialysis risk level.

[0047] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the degree of risk of the complications is as follows:

[0048] For any patient, the normalized product of the patient's first dialysis risk level and second dialysis risk level is taken as the patient's current risk level for complications during hemodialysis.

[0049] Furthermore, the designated historical hemodialysis for each patient is set in chronological order, with at least two complete hemodialysis sessions; wherein, the last designated historical hemodialysis for each patient is its most recent hemodialysis session.

[0050] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] This invention first obtains each patient's initial dialysis risk level based on the magnitude and changes in blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data from specified historical hemodialysis sessions. This preliminary analysis of blood flow velocity and blood pressure data from multiple historical hemodialysis sessions accurately reflects each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications. To further analyze each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications in real-time and accurately, a second dialysis risk level is obtained based on the magnitude of various test indicators from each patient's most recent hemodialysis session and the magnitude of blood flow velocity data at each moment. This further reflects each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications. Then, based on each patient's initial and second dialysis risk levels, the current risk level of hemodialysis complications is obtained, accurately reflecting each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications. Finally, based on the complication risk level, the current hemodialysis risk and intervention methods are determined, achieving real-time and accurate risk warnings for hemodialysis complications. This allows medical staff to take timely intervention measures before clinical symptoms appear, effectively reducing the incidence of hemodialysis complications, mitigating their clinical impact, and providing a basis for individualized and optimized hemodialysis treatment, effectively improving treatment safety and timeliness. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks, provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a first dialysis risk level according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a hemodialysis complication risk warning and intervention system provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complications proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0059] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a risk warning and intervention method for hemodialysis complications provided by the present invention.

[0060] Example 1:

[0061] This invention proposes a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a schematic flowchart of a method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S1: Acquire blood flow velocity and blood pressure data for each hemodialysis session in real time; acquire various test index data for each hemodialysis session.

[0063] Specifically, to achieve accurate early warning and timely intervention for patients' risk of hemodialysis complications, it is necessary to collect key parameters and various test indicators during the hemodialysis treatment process. It is known that during hemodialysis, blood flows through the extracorporeal circulation tubing. The blood flow monitoring system built into the dialysis machine detects the blood flow signal in real time and converts it into blood flow velocity data displayed on the operating interface, thus enabling real-time acquisition of the patient's blood flow velocity data for each hemodialysis session.

[0064] It should be noted that a preset standard blood flow velocity data point is established for each patient during each hemodialysis treatment (this setting is determined by medical staff based on actual conditions and is not limited here). During the initial 15-30 minutes after each hemodialysis session, the stability of the blood flow velocity data needs close monitoring. This embodiment initially sets the blood flow velocity data to be recorded every five minutes to ensure that the data gradually reaches and stabilizes at the preset standard blood flow velocity data point. After the blood flow velocity data stabilizes, this embodiment sets the data to be recorded every thirty minutes until the end of hemodialysis, thus comprehensively reflecting the dynamic changes in blood flow velocity data during each hemodialysis treatment. The implementer can set the blood flow velocity data collection settings for each patient during each hemodialysis session according to actual conditions; this is not limited here.

[0065] Blood pressure is known to be an important indicator of a patient's physical condition during hemodialysis. A sharp drop in blood pressure during hemodialysis may indicate complications such as heart failure or arrhythmia; conversely, a sudden rise in blood pressure during hemodialysis may be related to hypertensive emergencies or dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. Therefore, this embodiment uses professional equipment such as a high-precision monitor to continuously acquire the patient's blood pressure data during each hemodialysis session. This embodiment sets the blood pressure data acquisition interval to 1 minute. The implementer can set the time interval for acquiring blood pressure data according to the actual situation, and it is not limited here.

[0066] In addition, obtaining various test data for each patient's hemodialysis session, such as renal function test data, electrolyte test data, acid-base balance test data, and inflammation test data, enables a more accurate analysis of each patient's risk of complications during each hemodialysis session.

[0067] It should be noted that the blood flow velocity and blood pressure data from each hemodialysis session, as well as the various test indicators from each hemodialysis session, are authorized or agreed upon by the patient and can be directly obtained and used.

[0068] Step S2: Based on the magnitude and variation of blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data in each patient's specified historical hemodialysis, obtain the first dialysis risk level for each patient.

[0069] Specifically, during hemodialysis, blood flow velocity data is adjusted appropriately based on the patient's physical response. When the patient's vascular access is well maintained and cardiovascular function is stable, blood flow velocity data does not need adjustment and can remain relatively stable. When the patient experiences symptoms of low blood pressure such as dizziness or palpitations during hemodialysis, the blood flow velocity data needs to be reduced. Similarly, if infection or other symptoms occur after multiple hemodialysis sessions, the blood flow velocity data also needs to be reduced. Once the infection is controlled and the vascular condition improves, the blood flow velocity data can be increased to maintain relative stability. Therefore, changes in blood flow velocity data can reflect both the patient's individual condition and the overall dialysis effect. This embodiment uses the magnitude and changes in blood flow velocity data from each patient's specified historical hemodialysis sessions to preliminarily analyze the hemodialysis risk of each patient.

[0070] Considering that multiple factors can cause changes in blood flow velocity data in practice, in addition to dialysis complications, there are also non-complication factors, such as drinking large amounts of water before dialysis causing a rapid increase in blood volume, or insufficient water intake leading to a decrease in blood volume, thus affecting blood flow velocity data during dialysis. This is not a disease complication but rather the influence of the patient's daily habits on hemodynamics. Therefore, to further determine the risk of dialysis complications for each patient, this embodiment further incorporates the magnitude of blood pressure data from each patient's specified historical hemodialysis sessions, enabling a more accurate analysis of each patient's hemodialysis risk.

[0071] Therefore, this embodiment obtains each patient's first dialysis risk level based on the magnitude and changes in blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data from their designated historical hemodialysis sessions, accurately reflecting the complication risks associated with each patient's current hemodialysis. It should be noted that the designated historical hemodialysis sessions for each patient are set chronologically, requiring at least two complete hemodialysis sessions. This embodiment sets the designated historical hemodialysis sessions for each patient to 30 complete sessions. Implementers can set the designated historical hemodialysis sessions for patients according to actual circumstances; no limitation is imposed here. However, each patient's last designated historical hemodialysis session is their most recent complete hemodialysis session.

[0072] Preferably, in one possible implementation of this embodiment, the method for obtaining the first dialysis risk level is described in [reference needed]. Figure 2 The document presents a flowchart of a method for obtaining a first dialysis risk level, as provided in this embodiment. The method includes the following steps:

[0073] Step S201: For any patient and any specified historical hemodialysis session of that patient, the mean of all blood flow velocity data in that specified historical hemodialysis session is used as the reference blood flow velocity data for that specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0074] By referencing blood flow velocity data, the blood flow velocity data of a specific patient during a given historical hemodialysis session can be comprehensively characterized, which is beneficial for more accurate and efficient analysis of the current hemodialysis risk of each patient.

[0075] It should be noted that, for better description, all subsequent analyses will be based on this patient.

[0076] Step S202: Based on the trend and fluctuation of the reference blood flow velocity data of all specified historical hemodialysis sessions of the patient, obtain the degree of blood flow instability of the patient.

[0077] In one possible implementation of this embodiment, the method for obtaining the degree of blood flow instability is as follows: The reference blood flow velocity data for each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient are arranged according to the chronological order of the corresponding specified historical hemodialysis sessions to obtain a first sequence; the reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence are fitted to a straight line, and the slope of the straight line is linearly normalized to obtain the overall degree of blood flow change; the smaller the overall degree of blood flow change, the smaller the change in blood flow velocity data is as the patient undergoes hemodialysis, indirectly reflecting that the patient's current hemodialysis is more likely to have a risk of complications. The linear normalization method and the method of fitting the straight line are both well-known techniques and will not be elaborated further. When the fluctuation of the reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence is greater, it also indicates that the patient's hemodialysis is more likely to have a risk of complications. Therefore, in this embodiment, the product of the negative correlation result of the overall degree of blood flow change and the variance of all reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence is used as the degree of blood flow instability for the patient. In this embodiment, the reciprocal of the sum of the overall degree of blood flow change and a first preset constant is used as the negative correlation result of the overall degree of blood flow change. The first preset constant is a positive number. In this embodiment, the first preset constant is set to 0.1 to avoid the denominator being 0. The implementer can set the size of the first preset constant according to the actual situation, and there is no limitation here.

[0078] Step S203: Based on the blood pressure data at each moment in each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient, obtain the degree of blood pressure abnormality for each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient.

[0079] Blood pressure is known to be an important indicator of a patient's physical condition during hemodialysis. In order to more accurately analyze the patient's current risk of complications during hemodialysis, this embodiment further analyzes the blood pressure data of the patient in each specified historical hemodialysis session to determine the degree of blood pressure abnormality in each specified historical hemodialysis session, thereby indirectly reflecting the patient's risk of complications during hemodialysis.

[0080] In one possible implementation of this embodiment, the method for obtaining the degree of blood pressure abnormality is as follows: For any specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient, the blood pressure data from that specified historical hemodialysis session are fitted into a curve according to the time sequence. The blood pressure data corresponding to the maximum points of the curve are taken as the first blood pressure data to accurately determine the blood pressure data corresponding to the patient's systolic blood pressure; the blood pressure data corresponding to the minimum points of the curve are taken as the second blood pressure data to accurately determine the blood pressure data corresponding to the patient's diastolic blood pressure. The method of fitting the curve is a well-known technique and will not be elaborated further. Then, the patient's age is used to determine the corresponding systolic and diastolic blood pressure ranges. Based on the relationship between each first blood pressure data point and the systolic blood pressure range, the degree of systolic blood pressure abnormality in that specified historical hemodialysis session is obtained, reflecting the risk of complications present in that specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0081] The method for obtaining the degree of abnormal systolic blood pressure is as follows: First blood pressure data outside the systolic blood pressure range are taken as first deviation data, and first blood pressure data within the systolic blood pressure range are taken as first normal data. For any first deviation data, the absolute value of the difference between the first deviation data and the upper and lower limits of the systolic blood pressure range is taken as the first deviation value, and the smallest first deviation value is taken as the degree of systolic deviation of the first deviation data. To more accurately analyze the abnormality of blood pressure data, this embodiment takes the first deviation data corresponding to the largest systolic deviation as the first deviation reference data. For any first deviation reference data, the time... The first time point is defined as the time point corresponding to the first normal data point that is preceding and closest to the first deviation reference data point in sequence. The time interval between the first time point and the time point corresponding to the first deviation reference data point is defined as the systolic deviation change duration of the first deviation reference data point. The average of the systolic deviation change durations of all first deviation reference data points is defined as the overall systolic deviation change duration of the specified historical hemodialysis. The smaller the overall systolic deviation change duration, the faster the systolic blood pressure reaches the maximum deviation level in the specified historical hemodialysis, indirectly indicating that the systolic blood pressure in the specified historical hemodialysis is more abnormal. Furthermore, the ratio of the total number of first deviation data to the total number of first blood pressure data is used as the systolic deviation percentage of the specified historical hemodialysis. When the degree of systolic deviation of all first deviation data in the specified historical hemodialysis is greater and the systolic deviation percentage is also greater, it indicates that the systolic blood pressure in the specified historical hemodialysis is more abnormal. Therefore, in this embodiment, the product of the systolic deviation percentage, the mean of the degree of systolic deviation of all first deviation data, and the reciprocal of the overall systolic deviation change duration is used as the degree of blood pressure systolic abnormality in the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0082] Further, based on the relationship between each second blood pressure data point and the diastolic pressure range, the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality in the specified historical hemodialysis session is obtained. The method for obtaining the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality is as follows: second blood pressure data points not within the diastolic pressure range are all considered second deviation data points, and second blood pressure data points within the diastolic pressure range are all considered second normal data points. For any second deviation data point, the absolute value of the difference between the second deviation data point and the upper and lower limits of the diastolic pressure range is obtained and used as the second deviation value. The smallest second deviation value is taken as the diastolic deviation degree of the second deviation data point. To more accurately analyze the abnormality of blood pressure data, this embodiment takes the second deviation data point corresponding to the largest diastolic deviation degree as the second... Deviation from reference data; for any second deviation reference data, the time corresponding to the second normal data that is chronologically preceding and closest to the second deviation reference data is taken as the second time; the interval between the second time and the corresponding time of the second deviation reference data is taken as the diastolic deviation change duration of the second deviation reference data; the average of the diastolic deviation change durations of all second deviation reference data is taken as the overall diastolic deviation change duration of the specified historical hemodialysis; the smaller the overall diastolic deviation change duration, the faster the diastolic pressure reaches the maximum deviation level in the specified historical hemodialysis, indirectly indicating that the diastolic pressure of the blood pressure in the specified historical hemodialysis is more abnormal. Furthermore, the ratio of the total number of second deviation data to the total number of second blood pressure data is used as the diastolic deviation percentage of the specified historical hemodialysis. When the degree of diastolic deviation of all second deviation data in the specified historical hemodialysis is greater and the diastolic deviation percentage is also greater, it indicates that the diastolic blood pressure in the specified historical hemodialysis is more likely to be abnormal. Therefore, in this embodiment, the product of the diastolic deviation percentage, the mean of the degree of diastolic deviation of all second deviation data, and the reciprocal of the overall diastolic deviation change duration is used as the degree of diastolic abnormality of blood pressure in the specified historical hemodialysis.

[0083] In order to comprehensively characterize the blood pressure abnormality of the patient in this specified historical hemodialysis session, this embodiment adds the degree of systolic blood pressure abnormality and the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality and then performs linear normalization on the result, which is taken as the degree of blood pressure abnormality of the patient in this specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0084] This allows us to obtain the degree of blood pressure abnormality for each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient.

[0085] Step S204: Obtain the dialysis risk analysis value for the patient based on the correlation between the reference blood flow velocity data and the degree of blood pressure abnormality for each specified historical hemodialysis session.

[0086] It is known that as the patient's specified historical hemodialysis sessions proceed chronologically, if the change in reference blood flow velocity data decreases, it indicates that the patient's physical condition is deteriorating, indirectly suggesting that the degree of blood abnormality is increasing. Therefore, this embodiment obtains the patient's dialysis risk analysis value based on the correlation between the reference blood flow velocity data and the degree of blood pressure abnormality for each specified historical hemodialysis session, further reflecting the patient's current risk of complications during hemodialysis.

[0087] In one possible implementation of this embodiment, the method for obtaining the dialysis risk analysis value is as follows: The degree of blood pressure abnormality for each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient is arranged according to the chronological order of the corresponding specified historical hemodialysis sessions to obtain a second sequence; then, the result of a negative correlation between the Pearson correlation coefficients of the first sequence and the second sequence is used as the dialysis risk analysis value for the patient. In this embodiment, the difference between a second preset constant and the aforementioned Pearson correlation coefficient is used as the negative correlation result of the aforementioned Pearson correlation coefficient. The second preset constant is a positive number; in this embodiment, the second preset constant is set to 1. The implementer can set the value of the second preset constant according to the actual situation, and this is not limited here.

[0088] Step S205: The result of normalizing the sum of the patient's blood flow instability, dialysis risk analysis value, and blood pressure abnormality is taken as the patient's first dialysis risk level.

[0089] It is known that a higher degree of blood flow instability, a higher dialysis risk analysis value, and a higher degree of blood pressure abnormality all indicate a greater risk of complications during the patient's current hemodialysis. Therefore, in this embodiment, the patient's blood flow instability, dialysis risk analysis value, and blood pressure abnormality are summed and linearly normalized to obtain the patient's first dialysis risk level. Thus, the first dialysis risk level for each patient is obtained.

[0090] Step S3: Based on the magnitude of various test indicators and blood flow velocity data at each patient's most recent hemodialysis session, obtain the second dialysis risk level for each patient.

[0091] Specifically, to accurately determine each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications, in addition to analyzing changes in blood flow velocity and blood pressure over multiple specified historical hemodialysis sessions, it is also necessary to combine the changes in blood flow velocity during each patient's most recent hemodialysis session with their physical condition during that session to further analyze each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications. Therefore, this embodiment obtains each patient's secondary dialysis risk level based on the magnitude of various test indicators from their most recent hemodialysis session and the magnitude of blood flow velocity data at each moment, further reflecting each patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications.

[0092] Preferably, in one feasible embodiment of this method, the method for obtaining the second dialysis risk level is as follows: For any patient, various test index data from the patient's most recent hemodialysis are compared with their normal ranges. Test index data exceeding the normal range are considered abnormal test index data. The more abnormal test index data there are, the worse the patient's physical condition is, indirectly indicating a higher risk of complications in the patient's current hemodialysis. Further, blood flow velocity data at each moment during the patient's most recent hemodialysis is used as analytical blood flow velocity data. The absolute value of the difference between each analytical blood flow velocity data and the preset standard blood flow velocity data corresponding to the patient's most recent hemodialysis is taken as the first difference. The moment when the smallest first difference first appears is taken as the stable moment. The duration of the time interval between the start time and the stable moment of the patient's most recent hemodialysis is taken as the blood flow stability duration. The shorter the blood flow stability duration, the better the vascular conditions and the higher the cardiovascular adaptability of the patient in the most recent hemodialysis, allowing for faster adaptation to the hemodynamic changes brought about by hemodialysis, indirectly indicating a lower risk of complications in the patient's current hemodialysis. The larger the first difference, the greater the risk of complications in the patient's current hemodialysis. In addition, the larger the first difference after the stabilization point, the more unstable the blood flow velocity after stabilization, which indirectly reflects the greater risk of complications in the patient's current hemodialysis.

[0093] To comprehensively characterize the patient's current dialysis complication risk as reflected in the most recent hemodialysis session, the sum of the number of abnormal detection data, the mean of the first difference, the duration of blood flow stabilization, and the largest first difference after the stabilization time was linearly normalized and used as the patient's second dialysis risk level.

[0094] At this point, the second dialysis risk level for each patient is obtained.

[0095] Step S4: Based on each patient's first and second dialysis risk levels, obtain the current complication risk level of each patient's hemodialysis; determine the patient's current hemodialysis risk and intervention methods based on the complication risk level.

[0096] Specifically, it is known that the greater the first dialysis risk level and the second dialysis risk level, the more likely the corresponding patient's current hemodialysis is to have a risk of complications. Therefore, this embodiment obtains the complication risk level of each patient's current hemodialysis based on the first dialysis risk level and the second dialysis risk level, accurately reflecting the complication risk of each patient's current hemodialysis, and then determines the patient's current hemodialysis risk and intervention methods based on the complication risk level.

[0097] Preferably, in one feasible manner of this embodiment, the method for obtaining the degree of complication risk is as follows: for any patient, the product of the patient's first dialysis risk degree and the second dialysis risk degree is linearly normalized, and the result is taken as the degree of complication risk of the patient's current hemodialysis.

[0098] This allows us to obtain the current risk level of complications associated with each patient's hemodialysis.

[0099] The higher the known risk level of complications, the more likely the patient's current hemodialysis is to have complications. Therefore, this embodiment sets the first preset complication risk level threshold to 0.3 and the second preset complication risk level value to 0.6. Implementers can set the first preset complication risk level threshold and the second preset complication risk level value according to the actual situation, and no limitation is made here. For any patient, when the patient's complication risk level is less than the first preset complication risk level threshold, it indicates that the patient's current hemodialysis complication risk is low, suggesting that the patient's current condition is relatively stable. At this time, it is recommended to maintain the existing dialysis plan and parameter settings, continue the routine monitoring frequency, and at the same time, advise the patient to maintain a healthy lifestyle and regularly check relevant physiological and biochemical indicators.

[0100] When a patient's risk level for complications is greater than or equal to the first preset risk threshold for complications, but less than the second preset risk threshold for complications, it indicates that the patient's current hemodialysis complication risk is medium. In this case, it is necessary to promptly communicate the current risk status to the patient, make minor adjustments to the hemodialysis plan as appropriate, and shorten the interval between the next hemodialysis and laboratory tests. At the same time, drug treatment should be adjusted in a timely manner based on the test results. For example, optimize the antihypertensive plan for hypertensive patients, and adjust the dosage of phosphate binders, calcium preparations, or active vitamin D for patients with abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of adverse drug reactions.

[0101] When a patient's risk level for complications is greater than or equal to the second preset risk threshold for complications, it indicates that the patient's current risk of hemodialysis complications is high. In this case, comprehensive medical intervention should be initiated immediately. At the same time, a comprehensive clinical assessment should be conducted on the patient, and targeted treatment should be implemented according to the type of complication. For example, for patients with heart failure, cardiotonic, diuretic, and vasodilator treatments should be given; for patients with suspected or confirmed infections, sensitive antibiotics should be selected to fight the infection based on the etiological results, and the hemodialysis strategy should be adjusted accordingly.

[0102] In summary, this embodiment acquires blood flow velocity and blood pressure data for each hemodialysis session in real time. Based on the magnitude and changes in blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data from the patient's specified historical hemodialysis sessions, it obtains the patient's first dialysis risk level. Based on the magnitude of various test indicators and blood flow velocity data from the patient's most recent hemodialysis session, it obtains the patient's second dialysis risk level. Based on the first and second dialysis risk levels, it obtains the patient's current hemodialysis complication risk level, thereby determining the patient's current hemodialysis risk and intervention measures. This invention, by integrating multi-dimensional data, achieves precise risk warning for hemodialysis complications, enabling intervention measures to be taken before clinical symptoms appear, effectively reducing the incidence of complications.

[0103] Example 2:

[0104] This invention also proposes a risk warning and intervention system for hemodialysis complications; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a structural diagram of a hemodialysis complication risk warning and intervention system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes: a data acquisition module 10, a first dialysis risk level acquisition module 20, a second dialysis risk level acquisition module 30, and a data processing module 40.

[0105] The data acquisition module 10 is used to acquire blood flow velocity and blood pressure data of the patient for each hemodialysis session in real time; and to acquire various test index data of the patient for each hemodialysis session.

[0106] The first dialysis risk level acquisition module 20 is used to acquire the first dialysis risk level of each patient based on the magnitude and changes of blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data in the specified historical hemodialysis of each patient.

[0107] The second dialysis risk level acquisition module 30 is used to acquire the second dialysis risk level of each patient based on the magnitude of various test index data of each patient's most recent hemodialysis and the magnitude of blood flow velocity data at each moment.

[0108] The data processing module 40 is used to obtain the current risk level of complications of hemodialysis for each patient based on the first and second dialysis risk levels; and to determine the current hemodialysis risk and intervention methods based on the risk level of complications.

[0109] It should be noted that the system provided in the above embodiments is only an example of the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the computer device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the hemodialysis complication risk warning and intervention system and the hemodialysis complication risk warning and intervention method embodiment provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] Example 3:

[0111] This invention also proposes a device for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks. The device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores executable program code, and the processor is used to call and execute the executable program code to perform a hemodialysis complication risk early warning and intervention method provided in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the device may be a chip, component, or module. The chip may include a connected processor and memory; the memory stores instructions, and when the processor calls and executes the instructions, the chip can perform the hemodialysis complication risk early warning and intervention method provided in the above embodiments.

[0112] Furthermore, this application also protects a computer device; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The computer device includes a memory 401, a processor 402, and a computer program 403 stored in the memory 401 and running on the processor 402. When the processor 402 executes the computer program 403, the computer device can perform any of the aforementioned methods for warning and intervening in the risk of hemodialysis complications.

[0113] Example 4:

[0114] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer executes the above-described related method steps to implement the hemodialysis complication risk warning and intervention method provided in the above embodiment.

[0115] Example 5:

[0116] This embodiment also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the aforementioned related steps to realize the hemodialysis complication risk warning and intervention method provided in the above embodiment.

[0117] In this embodiment, the device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, or chip are all used to execute the corresponding methods provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0118] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0119] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for hemodialysis complication risk early warning and intervention, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Real-time acquisition of blood flow velocity and blood pressure data for each hemodialysis session; acquisition of various test index data for each hemodialysis session. Based on the magnitude and variation of blood flow velocity data and blood pressure data in each patient's specified historical hemodialysis, the first dialysis risk level for each patient is obtained; The second dialysis risk level for each patient is determined based on the magnitude of various test indicators from each patient’s most recent hemodialysis and the magnitude of blood flow velocity data at each moment. Based on each patient's primary and secondary dialysis risk levels, the current risk level of complications during hemodialysis is determined for each patient; based on the risk level of complications, the patient's current hemodialysis risk and intervention methods are determined. The method for obtaining the first dialysis risk level is as follows: For any patient and any specified historical hemodialysis session of that patient, the mean of all blood flow velocity data in that specified historical hemodialysis session is used as the reference blood flow velocity data for that specified historical hemodialysis session. Based on the trend and fluctuation of the reference blood flow velocity data from all specified historical hemodialysis sessions of the patient, the degree of blood flow instability of the patient is obtained; Based on the blood pressure data at each moment in each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient, the degree of blood pressure abnormality in each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient is obtained; Based on the correlation between the reference blood flow velocity data of each specified historical hemodialysis session and the degree of blood pressure abnormality, the patient's dialysis risk analysis value is obtained; The patient's blood flow instability, dialysis risk analysis value, and blood pressure abnormality were summed and normalized to obtain the patient's first dialysis risk level.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The method for obtaining the degree of blood flow instability is as follows: The reference blood flow velocity data for each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient are arranged according to the chronological order of the corresponding specified historical hemodialysis sessions to obtain the first sequence; The reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence are fitted into a straight line, and the slope of the straight line is normalized to represent the overall degree of change in blood flow. The degree of blood flow instability in the patient is determined by multiplying the negative correlation between the overall degree of blood flow change and the variance of all reference blood flow velocity data in the first sequence.

3. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the degree of blood pressure abnormality is as follows: For any given historical hemodialysis session of the patient, the blood pressure data from that specific historical hemodialysis session are fitted into a curve according to the time sequence. The blood pressure data corresponding to the maximum value points of the curve are all taken as the first blood pressure data; the blood pressure data corresponding to the minimum value points of the curve are all taken as the second blood pressure data. The patient's age is used to determine the corresponding systolic and diastolic blood pressure ranges. Based on the relationship between each first blood pressure data point and the systolic blood pressure range, the degree of abnormal blood pressure systolic function in the specified historical hemodialysis is obtained. Based on the relationship between each second blood pressure data point and the diastolic blood pressure range, the degree of diastolic abnormality in the specified historical hemodialysis session is obtained. The result of adding the abnormal systolic blood pressure and the abnormal diastolic blood pressure and then normalizing the sum is taken as the degree of blood pressure abnormality for the patient in this specified historical hemodialysis session.

4. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the degree of abnormal blood pressure contraction is as follows: The first blood pressure data that is not within the systolic blood pressure range is regarded as the first deviation data, and the first blood pressure data that is within the systolic blood pressure range is regarded as the first normal data. For any first deviation data, the absolute value of the difference between the first deviation data and the upper and lower limits of the systolic blood pressure range is taken as the first deviation value, and the smallest first deviation value is taken as the degree of systolic deviation of the first deviation data. The first deviation data corresponding to the largest degree of contraction deviation is used as the first deviation reference data; For any first deviation reference data, the time corresponding to the first normal data that is chronologically preceding and closest to the first deviation reference data is taken as the first time. The interval between the first moment and the moment corresponding to the first deviation reference data is taken as the shrinkage deviation change duration of the first deviation reference data; The average of the duration of contraction deviation changes in all first deviation reference data is taken as the overall duration of contraction deviation changes in the specified historical hemodialysis session. The ratio of the total number of first deviation data to the total number of first blood pressure data is used as the contraction deviation percentage of the specified historical hemodialysis. The product of the percentage of contraction deviation, the mean of the degree of contraction deviation of all first deviation data, and the reciprocal of the overall contraction deviation change duration is taken as the degree of abnormal blood pressure contraction in the specified historical hemodialysis.

5. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality is as follows: Second blood pressure data that are not within the diastolic range are considered as second deviation data, and second blood pressure data that are within the diastolic range are considered as second normal data. For any second deviation data, the absolute value of the difference between the second deviation data and the upper and lower limits of the diastolic pressure range is taken as the second deviation value, and the smallest second deviation value is taken as the degree of diastolic deviation of the second deviation data. The second deviation data corresponding to the largest degree of diastolic deviation is used as the second deviation reference data; For any second deviation reference data, the time corresponding to the second normal data that is chronologically preceding the second deviation reference data and is closest to the second deviation reference data is taken as the second time. The interval between the second time point and the corresponding time point of the second deviation reference data is taken as the duration of the diastolic deviation change of the second deviation reference data. The average duration of diastolic deviation changes in all second deviation reference data is taken as the overall duration of diastolic deviation changes in the specified historical hemodialysis session. The ratio of the total number of second deviation data to the total number of second blood pressure data is used as the diastolic deviation percentage of the specified historical hemodialysis. The product of the diastolic deviation percentage, the mean of the diastolic deviation degree of all second deviation data, and the reciprocal of the overall diastolic deviation change duration is taken as the degree of diastolic blood pressure abnormality for that specified historical hemodialysis session.

6. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the dialysis risk analysis value is as follows: The degree of blood pressure abnormality of each specified historical hemodialysis session of the patient is arranged according to the time sequence of the corresponding specified historical hemodialysis sessions to obtain the second sequence; The result of negatively correlated Pearson correlation coefficients between the first and second sequences was used as the dialysis risk analysis value for the patient.

7. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the second dialysis risk level is as follows: For any patient, the various test indicators from the patient's most recent hemodialysis were compared with their normal ranges. Test indicators that exceeded the normal range were considered abnormal test indicators. The blood flow velocity data at each moment during the patient's most recent hemodialysis session were used as the analysis blood flow velocity data. The difference between each analysis blood flow velocity data and the preset standard blood flow velocity data was used as the first difference. The moment when the smallest first difference first appears is taken as the steady moment; The duration of the time interval between the start time and the stable time of the patient's most recent hemodialysis session is taken as the blood flow stabilization time. The normalized sum of the number of abnormal detection data, the mean of the first difference, the duration of blood flow stabilization, and the largest first difference after the stabilization point is used as the patient's second dialysis risk level.

8. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the risk level of the aforementioned complications is as follows: For any given patient, the normalized product of the patient's first dialysis risk level and second dialysis risk level is taken as the patient's current risk level for complications during hemodialysis.

9. The method for early warning and intervention of hemodialysis complication risks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The designated historical hemodialysis for each patient is set in chronological order, with at least two complete hemodialysis sessions; wherein, the last designated historical hemodialysis session for each patient is their most recent hemodialysis session.

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