Extremely low temperature start battery system

Abstract

The application provides an extremely low-temperature starting battery system and relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, and comprises a receiving module, a obtaining module and a judging module.The receiving module is used for receiving an externally input charge-discharge request instruction and analyzing the instruction to obtain a standardized request type parameter.The obtaining module is used for starting a multi-path temperature acquisition process according to the standardized request type parameter, and obtaining environment temperature and battery temperature data to obtain current temperature state information.The judging module is used for dividing the environment temperature into preset extremely low-temperature intervals, normal low-temperature intervals and non-low-temperature intervals according to the request type parameter and the environment temperature data in the current temperature state information to obtain a temperature interval division result, and judging a heating starting condition based on the division result and the request type parameter to obtain a judgment result.The application realizes safe and efficient charge-discharge starting of the battery under extremely cold conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and in particular to a battery system for starting up in extreme low temperatures. Background Technology

[0002] In extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃), lithium batteries will experience a sharp decline in performance due to the significant increase in electrolyte viscosity, which leads to obstructed ion conduction, increased interfacial impedance, and reduced lithium ion activity. This not only results in a significant decrease in energy output but also poses safety hazards such as lithium dendrite precipitation during the charging and discharging process at low temperatures.

[0003] For example, when a mobile energy storage vehicle was undergoing no-load testing in extremely cold conditions at night, a sudden low-temperature alarm for a single cell occurred. Maintenance personnel immediately implemented various methods, including vehicle air conditioning, diesel heaters, and blanket insulation. Even with continuous heating and insulation measures, the alarm persisted for an extended period because the heat could only act on the air in the battery compartment and was difficult to effectively conduct to the inside of the cells. This case clearly exposes the core defects of traditional battery low-temperature start-up solutions. These solutions often rely on passive insulation or external conductive heating (such as PTC heating), resulting in low heat transfer efficiency and slow cell heating. Furthermore, they lack a mechanism for coordinating the assessment of power supply source, battery state of charge (SOC), and heating requirements. This makes them unsuitable for complex power supply scenarios such as off-grid locations, and they struggle to prevent excessive temperature differences or energy consumption through precise temperature control. Overall, their adaptability and reliability fail to meet the stable start-up requirements under extreme low temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an extreme low temperature start-up battery system to achieve safe and efficient charging and discharging start-up of the battery under extremely cold conditions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The first aspect is the battery system for starting up in extreme low temperatures, including:

[0007] The receiving module is used to receive externally input charging and discharging request commands and parse the commands to obtain standardized request type parameters.

[0008] The acquisition module is used to initiate a multi-channel temperature acquisition process based on standardized request type parameters, and acquire ambient temperature and battery temperature data to obtain the current temperature status information.

[0009] The judgment module is used to divide the ambient temperature into preset extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range and non-low temperature range according to the request type parameter and the ambient temperature data in the current temperature status information, to obtain the temperature range division result, and to judge the heating start condition based on the division result and the request type parameter to obtain the judgment result.

[0010] The heating module is used to determine the current power source based on the judgment result; if the power source is an external AC power source, it controls the heating device to start and heat the battery; if the power source is not an external power source, it detects the current state of charge of the battery and controls the heating device to start when the current state of charge reaches or exceeds a preset threshold.

[0011] The temperature control module is used to monitor the battery temperature in real time after the heating device is started. It calculates the temperature difference between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type, and dynamically adjusts the heating intensity according to the temperature difference to heat the battery temperature to the target temperature threshold.

[0012] The execution module is used to control the heating device to stop heating when the battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold, and to perform charging and discharging operations corresponding to the charging and discharging requests.

[0013] Furthermore, it receives externally input charge / discharge request commands and parses the commands to obtain standardized request type parameters, including:

[0014] Receive charging / discharging request data packets from user terminals, perform format and integrity verification on the data packets, and generate verified data packets;

[0015] The verified data packets are deconstructed according to the preset communication protocol, and the instruction type field, voltage parameter field and current parameter field are extracted to form a structured instruction dataset containing multiple discrete parameters.

[0016] Three feature vertices are selected from the structured instruction dataset. The three feature vertices include the charging voltage request value, the charging current rate request value, and the total requested energy value.

[0017] Based on three feature vertices, the charging voltage request value, charging current rate request value, and total requested energy value are mapped to the coordinates of the three vertices of a virtual triangle, respectively. By calculating the geometric centroid of the virtual triangle, the feature centroid parameter representing the current comprehensive state of the charging and discharging request is obtained.

[0018] The feature centroid parameter is matched with a preset request type mapping database, which contains multiple preset temperature ranges and request types. By comparing the feature centroid parameter with the threshold ranges in the database, a standardized request type parameter is output. The request type parameter is used to identify whether the current request is a fast charging request, a regular charging request, or a low-power charging request.

[0019] Furthermore, based on standardized request type parameters, a multi-channel temperature acquisition process is initiated to obtain ambient temperature and battery temperature data, thus obtaining current temperature status information, including:

[0020] Based on standardized request type parameters, multiple temperature acquisition commands are generated, and synchronous acquisition signals are sent to multiple temperature sensors arranged inside and outside the battery pack through a distributed sensor network.

[0021] Receive ambient temperature data streams and battery temperature data streams returned by various temperature sensors, perform communication verification and format parsing on the received data streams, and extract the temperature measurement value sequence.

[0022] The temperature measurement value sequence is input for data verification and fusion. Through data validity verification, outlier removal, and multi-sensor data fusion processing, the current temperature status information, which includes ambient temperature feature values ​​and battery temperature feature values, is obtained.

[0023] Furthermore, based on the request type parameter and the ambient temperature data in the current temperature status information, the ambient temperature is divided into preset extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range, and non-low temperature range to obtain the temperature range division result. Then, based on the division result and the request type parameter, a heating start condition judgment is performed to obtain the judgment result, including:

[0024] The extracted ambient temperature data and request type parameters are used as input, and the root node of the quadtree partitioning structure is initialized according to the preset temperature range boundary values.

[0025] Based on the initialized root node temperature range representation, a quadtree recursive segmentation operation is performed. Four child nodes are generated at each level through the temperature interval binary search method. Each child node corresponds to a specific temperature sub-interval, forming a temperature interval classification topology with multi-level relationships. Finally, a complete temperature domain classification system including extreme low temperature, normal low temperature and non-low temperature intervals is constructed.

[0026] The temperature values ​​to be classified are input into the data processing interface of the quadtree classification system. The temperature values ​​are compared layer by layer in the tree structure through a depth-first search-based hierarchical traversal matching algorithm to locate the final leaf node and obtain the corresponding temperature range classification code as the classification result.

[0027] Based on the division result and request type parameter, the preset heating logic judgment rule is called. If the request type is a charging request and the division result indicates an extreme low temperature range, the heating start condition is determined to be met; if the request type is a discharging request and the division result indicates an extreme low temperature range, the heating start condition is determined to be met, so as to obtain the judgment result.

[0028] Furthermore, based on the judgment result, the current power source is determined; if the power source is an external AC power supply, the heating device is activated to heat the battery, including:

[0029] Based on the judgment result, a logical judgment signal is received. When the logical judgment signal indicates that the heating start condition is met, the power supply source detection process is triggered, and a power supply type identifier is generated.

[0030] If the power supply type indicator indicates an external AC power supply, a start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to control the heating device to heat the battery at a preset power.

[0031] Furthermore, if the power source is not an external power source, the current state of charge of the battery is detected, and when the current state of charge reaches or exceeds a preset threshold, the heating device is activated, including:

[0032] When the power supply type indicator indicates that it is not an external power source, the state of charge monitoring thread is started, and the real-time status parameters of the battery pack are collected through the battery management chip to obtain the current state of charge value after multiple verifications.

[0033] The state of charge values ​​are compared and analyzed with preset graded safety thresholds to obtain comparison results including state level identifiers.

[0034] Based on the comparison results, a heating authorization decision is made to determine the conditions. When the state of charge value meets the preset heating start conditions, a heating authorization command with power level information is obtained.

[0035] The heating authorization command is transmitted to the power regulation device, which obtains the corresponding power control parameters by querying the power mapping database, and obtains the adaptive power regulation signal to control the heating device to start and operate within the safe power range.

[0036] Furthermore, after the heating device is activated, the battery temperature is monitored in real time. A temperature difference metric is calculated between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type. The heating intensity is then dynamically adjusted based on this temperature difference metric to heat the battery to the target temperature threshold. This includes:

[0037] After the heating device is activated, a real-time temperature monitoring process is triggered, periodically collecting real-time battery temperature data from the temperature sensor inside the battery pack.

[0038] Based on the type parameter of the charge / discharge request, a lookup index key is constructed, and the target temperature threshold mapping table stored in non-volatile memory is queried to obtain the target temperature threshold parameter that matches the current request type.

[0039] The processed standardized temperature data sequence and the target temperature threshold parameter are simultaneously input into the temperature comparator, and the real-time temperature difference measurement value is obtained by arithmetic difference calculation.

[0040] Based on real-time temperature difference measurement, the system accesses a pre-set database of temperature difference and heating intensity mapping relationships, dynamically parses the corresponding heating intensity level through an interpolation algorithm, and obtains a heating intensity control signal with specific parameter configuration.

[0041] The heating intensity control signal is transmitted to the digital power controller of the heating device. The working power output of the heating device is adjusted in real time through the duty cycle adjustment mechanism to obtain closed-loop control based on temperature difference feedback, so that the battery temperature gradually approaches the target temperature threshold according to the preset temperature rise curve.

[0042] The monitoring, calculation, and adjustment process is continuously executed until the real-time monitored battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold.

[0043] Furthermore, when the battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold, the heating device is controlled to stop heating, and charging and discharging operations corresponding to the charging and discharging requests are executed, including:

[0044] When the real-time battery temperature data continuously reaches or exceeds the target temperature threshold, a temperature compliance signal is generated.

[0045] Based on the temperature target signal, a heating stop command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to terminate the heating process of the battery.

[0046] After confirming that the heating process has ended, a status ready signal is sent.

[0047] Based on the state ready signal and request type parameter, perform the charging or discharging operation corresponding to the original charge / discharge request type to complete the startup process under extreme low temperature conditions.

[0048] In a second aspect, a computing device includes:

[0049] One or more processors;

[0050] A storage device for storing one or more programs that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute the system.

[0051] Thirdly, a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that, when executed by a processor, performs the system.

[0052] The above-described solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] Because it employs a communication interface to receive and parse charge / discharge request commands sent by the user terminal to determine the charging or discharging type, and upon responding to the request, sends acquisition commands to multiple temperature sensors inside and outside the battery pack, and verifies and fuses the returned ambient temperature and battery temperature data to obtain accurate temperature status information, it initializes the root node based on the charge / discharge request type and ambient temperature, and recursively divides the extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range, and non-low temperature range. Based on the division results, it determines the heating start-up conditions, and then distinguishes the power supply source based on the determination results. After the heating device is started, it triggers a real-time temperature monitoring process to periodically collect the battery temperature, queries the target temperature threshold based on the request type, and calculates the temperature difference metric. Based on the preset correspondence between temperature difference and heating intensity, it dynamically generates control signals to adjust the heating power. Once the battery temperature continuously reaches the target, it sends a heating stop command and executes the corresponding charge / discharge operation. Therefore, it overcomes the limitations of traditional battery low-temperature start-up schemes in terms of heat dissipation. The battery suffers from low energy transfer efficiency, slow cell heating, and a lack of coordinated judgment between the power source and the battery's state of charge, making it unable to flexibly adapt to complex power supply scenarios such as off-grid operation. The coarse temperature range division leads to inaccurate heating start judgment, and the lack of dynamic temperature control can easily result in excessive temperature differences or excessive energy consumption. Performing charging and discharging before reaching the safe temperature can easily cause safety hazards such as lithium dendrite precipitation. This solution achieves the effect of safe and accurate start-up of charging and discharging operations in extreme low temperature environments (-40℃). It can prioritize the use of external AC power to reduce the battery's own power consumption and avoid over-discharge of the battery in non-external power supply scenarios. It can also use dynamic temperature control to make the battery temperature steadily approach and maintain the corresponding target threshold to reduce unnecessary energy waste, effectively avoiding cell safety risks caused by charging and discharging at substandard temperatures. At the same time, it is compatible with various power supply scenarios such as grid-connected and off-grid operation, improving the operational reliability, operational safety and energy utilization efficiency under extremely cold conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an extreme low-temperature start-up battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of an extreme low-temperature start-up battery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. After the heating device is started, the battery temperature is monitored in real time, the temperature difference between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type is calculated, and the heating intensity is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature difference to heat the battery temperature to the target temperature threshold. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes an extreme low-temperature start-up battery system, comprising:

[0058] The receiving module is used to receive externally input charging and discharging request commands and parse the commands to obtain standardized request type parameters.

[0059] The acquisition module is used to initiate a multi-channel temperature acquisition process based on standardized request type parameters, and acquire ambient temperature and battery temperature data to obtain the current temperature status information.

[0060] The judgment module is used to divide the ambient temperature into preset extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range and non-low temperature range according to the request type parameter and the ambient temperature data in the current temperature status information, to obtain the temperature range division result, and to judge the heating start condition based on the division result and the request type parameter to obtain the judgment result.

[0061] The heating module is used to determine the current power source based on the judgment result; if the power source is an external AC power source, it controls the heating device to start and heat the battery; if the power source is not an external power source, it detects the current state of charge of the battery and controls the heating device to start when the current state of charge reaches or exceeds a preset threshold.

[0062] The temperature control module is used to monitor the battery temperature in real time after the heating device is started. It calculates the temperature difference between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type, and dynamically adjusts the heating intensity according to the temperature difference to heat the battery temperature to the target temperature threshold.

[0063] The execution module is used to control the heating device to stop heating when the battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold, and to perform charging and discharging operations corresponding to the charging and discharging requests.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, because it adopts the method of receiving external charge / discharge request commands and parsing to obtain request type parameters, and initiating a multi-channel temperature acquisition process based on these parameters, it synchronously acquires ambient temperature and battery temperature data through a distributed temperature sensor network, verifies and fuses them to obtain the current temperature state information, divides the ambient temperature into extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range, and non-low temperature range according to the request type parameters and ambient temperature data, and determines the heating start conditions based on the request type, distinguishes the power supply source based on the determination result, and monitors the battery temperature in real time after the heating device is started, calculates the temperature difference measurement value with the corresponding target temperature threshold, and dynamically adjusts the heating intensity, and controls the heating device to stop and execute the corresponding charge / discharge operation after the battery temperature reaches the target threshold, it overcomes the technical means of low heat transfer efficiency, slow cell heating, and lack of coordinated judgment of power supply source and battery state of charge in traditional battery low temperature start-up schemes. The original design addressed several technical issues: inflexible adaptation to complex power supply scenarios such as off-grid operation; single and inaccurate temperature data acquisition with coarse interval division leading to large deviations in heating start judgment; lack of dynamic temperature control resulting in excessive temperature differences or excessive energy consumption; and the risk of lithium dendrite precipitation due to charging and discharging before reaching safe temperatures. The new design achieves precise analysis of battery charging and discharging requests in extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃), comprehensive and reliable temperature data acquisition, scientific and reasonable heating start judgment, flexible adaptation to power supply scenarios, and efficient and stable temperature control. It prioritizes external power to reduce battery power loss and avoids over-discharge in non-external power supply scenarios, while precise temperature control keeps battery temperature steadily approaching and maintained at safe charging and discharging thresholds, reducing unnecessary energy waste, effectively mitigating low-temperature charging and discharging safety risks, and improving operational reliability, safety, and energy utilization efficiency under extremely cold conditions.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a charge / discharge request command input from an external source is received, and the command is parsed to obtain standardized request type parameters, including:

[0066] The system receives charge / discharge request data packets from user terminals, performs format and integrity verification on the data packets, and generates verified data packets. Specifically, this includes: receiving charge / discharge request data packets sent from user terminals through a communication interface adapted for extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃); during format verification, checking each data packet against the preset communication protocol standard to ensure compatibility with the system protocol version number, field order, data type, and length; if incompatible protocol versions or incorrect field types are found, the data packet is marked as format abnormal; in the integrity verification stage, the checksum of the received data packet is first calculated and compared with the original checksum attached to the data packet; then, the system checks whether key fields such as instruction type, voltage, and current are missing; if the checksum does not match or key fields are missing, the data is deemed incomplete; for data packets with abnormal formats or incomplete data, a retransmission request is sent to the user terminal, with a maximum of three retransmissions; if no valid data packet is received after three retransmissions, a request failure message is sent to the user terminal and an exception log is recorded; if both verification and validation pass, a verified data packet is generated.

[0067] The verified data packets are deconstructed according to a preset communication protocol, extracting the instruction type field, voltage parameter field, and current parameter field to form a structured instruction dataset containing multiple discrete parameters. Specifically, the verified data packets are sent to a parsing process that strictly follows a preset communication protocol specification designed for extreme low-temperature start-up battery systems. First, core fields are extracted from the data packets in the order specified by the protocol. The instruction type field is used to initially distinguish the direction of charge / discharge requests, and is subsequently refined in conjunction with other fields. The voltage parameter field records the user's requested charge / discharge voltage value, such as the target voltage for a charging request. The current parameter field records the user's requested charge / discharge current ratio or current value, such as 1C or 2C current ratios for a charging request. After extraction, the data is categorized and organized according to the logical structure of the instruction basic information and core parameter information, forming a structured instruction dataset. The instruction basic information includes the instruction type field, and the core parameter information includes the voltage parameter field and current parameter field. The structured dataset has a unified format and clear organization, facilitating accurate extraction of feature parameters and ensuring clear relationships between parameters.

[0068] Three feature vertices were selected from the structured instruction dataset. These three feature vertices include the requested charging voltage value, the requested charging current rate value, and the total requested energy value. Specifically, the three parameters that comprehensively reflect the core charging and discharging requirements were selected as feature vertices from the structured instruction dataset. The requested charging voltage value reflects the user's desired charging and discharging voltage level. For example, requesting 380V during charging directly relates to charging efficiency and battery tolerance. High voltage requests at extreme low temperatures require more precise heating control. The requested charging current rate value reflects... The charging and discharging speeds are reflected in the user's desired charging and discharging speeds. For example, a 2C current rate corresponds to fast charging, while 0.5C corresponds to regular charging. Different speeds require different thermal management of the battery at low temperatures. The total requested energy value reflects the user's desired total charging and discharging amount. For example, if the user requests to charge 10kWh, it relates to the duration of the entire charging and discharging process and energy consumption. Long-term operation at extreme low temperatures requires a more stable temperature control strategy. The validity of these three parameters is confirmed. For example, the requested charging current rate must be within a reasonable range of 0.1C-10C, and the total requested energy value must be greater than 0. After confirmation, these parameters are determined as the core feature vertex representing the overall state of the charging and discharging request.

[0069] Based on three feature vertices, the requested charging voltage, requested charging current rate, and total requested energy are mapped to the coordinates of the three vertices of a virtual triangle. By calculating the geometric centroid of the virtual triangle, a feature centroid parameter representing the overall state of the current charging and discharging request is obtained. Specifically, to avoid the limitations of judging by a single parameter, the selected three feature vertices are mapped to the coordinates of the three vertices of a virtual triangle. The requested charging voltage is used as the X-axis coordinate of the virtual triangle (e.g., voltage values ​​from 0-1000V are proportionally converted to X-axis coordinates from 0-100), and the requested charging current rate is used as the Y-axis coordinate (e.g., current rates from 0.1C-10C are proportionally converted to X-axis coordinates from 0-1). The Y-axis coordinate value is 00, and the Z-axis coordinate value is the total requested energy value. For example, the energy value of 0-100kWh is converted into the Z-axis coordinate value of 0-100 according to the ratio. After the mapping is completed, the coordinates of the three vertices are comprehensively processed. For example, the X, Y and Z axis coordinate values ​​are averaged to obtain a comprehensive coordinate value. The geometric centroid of the virtual triangle is calculated. The parameter corresponding to the centroid is the characteristic centroid parameter that represents the comprehensive state of the current charging and discharging request. The parameter can integrate the core information of the three characteristic vertices. For example, requests with high voltage, high current rate and high total energy will correspond to higher centroid parameter values, while requests with low voltage, low current rate and low total energy will correspond to lower centroid parameter values, thus comprehensively reflecting the intensity and demand type of the charging and discharging request.

[0070] The feature centroid parameter is matched with a pre-set request type mapping database. This database contains multiple preset temperature ranges and request types. By comparing the feature centroid parameter with threshold ranges in the database, a standardized request type parameter is output. This parameter identifies whether the current request is a fast charging request, a regular charging request, or a low-power charging request. Specifically, this involves calling the pre-set request type mapping database. This database is designed based on the charging and discharging characteristics of lithium batteries at extreme low temperatures and contains multiple preset temperature ranges, feature centroid parameter thresholds, and the corresponding relationship between request types. For example, within the extreme low-temperature range, a feature centroid parameter greater than 80 corresponds to a fast charging request, 50-80 corresponds to a regular charging request, and less than 50 corresponds to a low-power charging request, ensuring that the request type determination is accurate. Requirements under extreme low temperature environments (-40℃): The calculated characteristic centroid parameters are input into the database and compared one by one with the centroid parameter threshold ranges corresponding to each temperature range in the database: If the characteristic centroid parameter falls within the threshold range greater than 80, the current request is determined to be a fast charging request, which requires high charging speed and stronger heating power and more precise temperature control under extreme low temperatures to avoid low charging efficiency due to insufficient heating; if it falls within the threshold range of 50-80, it is determined to be a regular charging request, which requires a high balance between speed and energy consumption, and heating and temperature control need to take into account efficiency and energy saving; if it falls within the threshold range of less than 50, it is determined to be a low-power charging request, which requires high energy consumption control and the heating power needs to be appropriately reduced to avoid excessive consumption of battery power. Finally, standardized request type parameters are output, and the parameters clearly identify the specific type of the current request.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the technical means of receiving a user terminal's charge / discharge request data packet, first performing format verification and integrity verification, then deconstructing and extracting the instruction type, voltage, and current fields according to a preset communication protocol to form a structured dataset, selecting the charging voltage request value, charging current rate request value, and total requested energy value from the dataset as feature vertices and mapping them to the coordinates of virtual triangle vertices, calculating the geometric centroid to obtain the feature centroid parameters, and finally matching these parameters with a preset database containing temperature range and request type mapping relationships to output standardized request type parameters that identify fast, regular, and low-power charging requests, thus overcoming the technical problems of traditional solutions where relying on a single parameter to determine the type of charge / discharge request is prone to bias, lack of effective verification of data packets is prone to introducing erroneous data, and lack of standardized format of parsing results leads to inaccurate subsequent heating control and temperature control adaptation. This achieves accurate charge / discharge request parsing and standardized results, providing reliable request type basis for processes such as temperature acquisition, heating start condition judgment, and dynamic temperature control of battery systems in extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃), and avoiding misoperation caused by instruction parsing problems.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a multi-channel temperature acquisition process is initiated according to standardized request type parameters to acquire ambient temperature and battery temperature data, thereby obtaining current temperature status information, including:

[0073] Based on standardized request type parameters, multiple temperature acquisition commands are generated. These commands are then sent synchronously to multiple temperature sensors deployed inside and outside the battery pack via a distributed sensor network. Specifically, after parsing the charge / discharge request, the core temperature acquisition requirements under the current operating conditions are determined based on the parsed request type (charge or discharge). Since the battery cell is more sensitive to low temperatures during charging, and low-temperature charging can easily trigger lithium dendrite precipitation, while the discharge process requires simultaneous attention to the impact of low ambient temperature on overall output efficiency, the focus and parameters of temperature acquisition are adjusted for different request types. Specifically, if the parsed result is a charging request, a higher priority is set for acquiring the internal battery temperature. The command will explicitly require the sensors inside the battery pack to collect data at a higher frequency, such as once every 2 seconds. If it is a discharge request, the command will also enhance the synchronization of ambient temperature and battery temperature collection to ensure that the data of the two can be matched. Subsequently, the customized temperature acquisition command will be sent to all temperature sensors pre-positioned inside and outside the battery pack. The sensors inside the battery pack are installed on the surface of the cells, covering different positions such as both ends and the middle of the module, to avoid temperature deviation of a single cell and the air gap inside the battery pack reflecting the overall internal temperature field. The external sensors are installed on the windward side, leeward side and unobstructed areas of the battery pack shell to ensure that the command can accurately reach all key temperature measurement points.

[0074] The system receives ambient temperature and battery temperature data streams from various temperature sensors, performs communication verification and format parsing on the received data streams, and extracts the temperature measurement value sequence. Specifically, after receiving the acquisition command sent by the system, each temperature sensor will collect temperature data at the corresponding location in real time according to the frequency and accuracy required by the command. Sensors inside the battery pack directly acquire the surface temperature of the battery cells and the internal air temperature, while external sensors acquire the actual ambient temperature around the battery pack. Each sensor will attach its own device identifier and acquisition timestamp to the data. After the sensors complete the acquisition, they will transmit the collected ambient temperature and battery temperature data one by one through the system's preset internal communication link, such as a low-power wired transmission link, to avoid interference from extreme low temperatures on wireless communication. During the reception process, data integrity verification will be performed in real time. If a sensor fails to return data within the specified time or the data format is abnormal, the sensor will be immediately marked as pending confirmation, and the acquisition command will be resent to the sensor to ensure that temperature data from all valid sensors is acquired as much as possible.

[0075] The temperature measurement value sequence is input for data verification and fusion. Through data validity verification, outlier removal, and multi-sensor data fusion processing, the current temperature status information, including ambient temperature feature values ​​and battery temperature feature values, is obtained. Specifically, after acquiring temperature data from all valid sensors, a data verification process is first executed. Based on the characteristics of extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃), reasonable temperature data ranges are set, such as a reasonable range for ambient temperature of -40℃ to 10℃ and a reasonable range for battery temperature of -40℃ to 20℃. Abnormal data exceeding these ranges are removed, such as 25℃ data caused by sensor failure. Data from the same type of sensors is compared, for example, comparing the acquisition results of multiple external environmental sensors. If the difference between a sensor's data and other sensor data exceeds 3℃, and the ambient temperature fluctuation is small under extreme low temperatures, the data is judged as abnormal and removed after further investigation. Sensor data from the surfaces of different cells in the same module inside the battery pack are compared. If the difference exceeds 2℃, the module is marked as having uneven temperature field, the data is temporarily retained but its weight is reduced.

[0076] After removing abnormal data, different sensors are assigned corresponding weights based on their importance. Cell surface sensor data directly reflects the core state of the cell and has the highest weight, such as 60%. Internal air gap sensor data reflects the internal temperature field and has the next highest weight, such as 20%. External environment sensor data reflects the overall environmental background and has a weight of 20%. Through weighted calculations, the comprehensive current environmental temperature (weighted from all valid external sensor data) and the comprehensive current battery temperature (weighted from all valid internal sensor data) are obtained. These are then integrated with information such as data acquisition time, the number of valid sensors, and abnormal sensor identifiers to form complete current temperature status information, ensuring that this information comprehensively and accurately reflects the true temperature conditions of the battery and the environment.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, by employing a technique that sends temperature acquisition commands to multiple temperature sensors arranged inside and outside the battery pack based on the parsed charge / discharge request type, and then receives the current ambient temperature data and battery temperature data returned by these sensors, and performs verification and fusion processing on the two types of temperature data to obtain the current temperature state information used for heating judgment, this invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional battery low-temperature start-up schemes that rely solely on single-point temperature measurement, which is prone to data deviation, and that temperature data is not collected specifically in conjunction with charge / discharge conditions and lacks effective verification and fusion. This achieves the technical effect that the acquired temperature data can comprehensively reflect the actual temperature conditions inside and outside the battery, and also conform to the requirements of the current charge / discharge request conditions, effectively avoiding heating strategy mismatch, ineffective energy consumption, or charge / discharge safety risks caused by inaccurate or incomplete temperature data.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the request type parameter and the ambient temperature data in the current temperature status information, the ambient temperature is divided into a preset extreme low temperature range, a normal low temperature range, and a non-low temperature range to obtain a temperature range division result. Then, based on the division result and the request type parameter, a heating start condition judgment is performed to obtain a judgment result, including:

[0079] The extracted ambient temperature data and request type parameters are used as input. Based on the preset temperature range boundary values, the root node of the quadtree partitioning structure is initialized. Specifically, this includes: first, collecting ambient temperature data that has undergone preliminary verification and fusion processing. This data integrates the collection results from multiple sensors outside the battery pack, accurately reflecting the ambient temperature of the battery and avoiding the bias caused by traditional single-point temperature measurement; simultaneously, extracting the parsed charge / discharge request type parameters to determine whether the current request is a charging or discharging request; and then, calling the preset temperature range boundary values, which are set based on the performance characteristics and safety requirements of lithium batteries in extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃). The specific division criteria are as follows: the extreme low temperature range is below a certain temperature value, the normal low temperature range is the range between that temperature value and another higher temperature value, and the non-low temperature range is the range above that higher temperature value. The boundary value setting fully considers the problem of battery performance degradation caused by extreme low temperatures mentioned in the background technology, ensuring that the extreme low temperature range can accurately cover the critical temperature range where the battery needs to start heating. Based on the input data and the preset boundary value, the root node of the quadtree partitioning structure is initialized. The root node serves as the starting point of the entire tree structure, containing all possible ambient temperature ranges, and the charge / discharge request type parameter is stored in the root node as auxiliary association information.

[0080] Based on the initialized root node temperature range representation, a quadtree recursive partitioning operation is performed. Four child nodes are generated at each level using a temperature interval bisection method. Each child node corresponds to a specific temperature sub-interval, forming a multi-level temperature interval classification topology. This ultimately constructs a complete temperature domain classification system encompassing extreme low temperatures, normal low temperatures, and non-low temperature ranges. Specifically, this involves: starting with the initialized root node, initiating a quadtree recursive partitioning process, and progressively refining the temperature domain classification through multiple consecutive temperature interval partitions; firstly, the entire temperature range corresponding to the root node is partitioned for the first time, based on the boundary value between the extreme low temperature range and the non-extreme low temperature range, dividing the original temperature range into two independent sub-intervals, corresponding to extreme low temperature candidate intervals and non-extreme low temperature candidate intervals, respectively. Each sub-interval corresponds to a child node, and the child node... The node inherits the charge / discharge request type association information from the root node. Next, the non-extreme low temperature candidate interval is recursively segmented a second time, based on the boundary value between the normal low temperature interval and the non-low temperature interval. The interval is further divided into normal low temperature interval and non-low temperature interval, each corresponding to a new child node. To ensure the accuracy of the segmentation, the temperature range corresponding to each segmented child node is verified to confirm that the boundaries of each interval do not overlap or omission, and that the temperature range of each interval can accurately match the preset definitions of extreme low temperature, normal low temperature, and non-low temperature. If the verification finds that the range of a certain interval is too large or the boundary is ambiguous, the system will continue to perform recursive segmentation until the temperature range corresponding to each child node is accurate and clear. Finally, a hierarchical tree structure containing extreme low temperature interval, normal low temperature interval, and non-low temperature interval is formed, completing the discretization classification of the temperature domain.

[0081] The temperature values ​​to be classified are input into the data processing interface of the quadtree classification system. A depth-first search-based hierarchical traversal matching algorithm compares the temperature values' ranges layer by layer within the tree structure, locating the final leaf node and obtaining the corresponding temperature range classification code as the classification result. Specifically, after constructing the hierarchical quadtree structure, the previously acquired and fused environmental temperature data is input into this structure. Through a step-by-step traversal starting from the root node and matching with boundary conditions, the specific temperature range to which the current environmental temperature belongs is determined. The traversal process starts from the root node, first determining whether the input environmental temperature data satisfies the temperature boundary condition corresponding to the first child node under the root node, i.e., whether it is within the extreme low temperature candidate range. If the boundary condition is met, the process proceeds to the child node, further confirming whether the child node is the final leaf node of the extreme low temperature range. If so, the classification is directly determined. The process begins by defining the temperature range to which the data belongs. If the child node can be further subdivided, the system continues to determine whether the temperature data meets the boundary conditions of the next-level child node. If the input ambient temperature data does not meet the boundary conditions of the first child node under the root node, the system moves to another child node under the root node, i.e., the child node corresponding to the non-extreme low temperature candidate range. Similarly, the system checks whether the temperature data meets the boundary conditions of this child node, i.e., whether it is within the normal low temperature range. If it does, it is determined to be within the normal low temperature range; otherwise, the system moves to the next-level child node to determine whether it belongs to the non-low temperature range. The entire traversal process strictly follows the hierarchical order of the tree structure. The matching at each level is based on clear temperature boundary conditions, ensuring that the ambient temperature data is accurately classified into one of the three preset temperature ranges. This traversal matching method avoids the bias of traditional single threshold judgment, making the temperature range classification more accurate and providing reliable division results.

[0082] Based on the partitioning result and request type parameters, a preset heating logic judgment rule is invoked. If the request type is a charging request and the partitioning result indicates an extreme low temperature range, the heating start-up condition is determined to be met. If the request type is a discharging request and the partitioning result indicates an extreme low temperature range, the heating start-up condition is determined to be met. The judgment result is obtained by: obtaining the partitioning result of the specific temperature range to which the ambient temperature belongs, and then invoking the preset heating logic judgment rule, which is designed for battery charging and discharging safety requirements under extreme low temperatures. First, the partitioning result is correlated with the charging / discharging request type parameters. If the current charging / discharging request type is a charging request, it checks whether the partitioning result is in an extreme low temperature range. Since the background technology mentions that low-temperature charging can easily cause safety hazards such as lithium dendrite precipitation, when a charging request is made and the range is extreme low temperature... If the current battery temperature is insufficient for safe charging, the heating start condition is met. If the current charge / discharge request is a discharge request, the classification result is also checked to see if it falls within an extreme low temperature range. Although the discharge process is slightly more tolerant of low temperatures than charging, extreme low temperatures can still cause a significant decrease in battery energy output, failing to meet stable power supply requirements. Therefore, when a discharge request is made within an extreme low temperature range, the heating start condition is also met. If the classification result falls within a normal low temperature range or a non-low temperature range, the heating start condition is not met regardless of the charge / discharge request type. This is because battery performance is affected in a normal low temperature range but can still be safely charged and discharged, while in a non-low temperature range, heating is completely unnecessary. Initiating heating in this case would cause excessive energy consumption, which does not meet energy-saving requirements. Finally, a clear judgment result is generated based on the judgment logic.

[0083] In this embodiment of the invention, the technical means of using extracted ambient temperature data and request type parameters as input, initializing the root node of the quadtree partitioning structure based on the preset temperature range boundary values, constructing a hierarchical tree structure containing extreme low temperature, normal low temperature, and non-low temperature ranges through recursive quadtree partitioning to complete the temperature domain discretization classification, inputting ambient temperature data into the quadtree and traversing and matching from the root node to obtain the specific temperature range, and finally combining the partitioning results and request type parameters to call the preset heating logic judgment rules, overcomes the technical problems of coarse temperature range partitioning and failure to combine charging and discharging request type differences to judge heating conditions in traditional battery low temperature start-up schemes, resulting in inaccurate temperature range matching and large deviations in heating start-up judgment. Thus, it achieves refined and hierarchical classification of ambient temperature, and accurately judges heating start-up conditions by combining charging and discharging request types, avoiding unnecessary heating operations or missed heating requirements, and improving the reliability and adaptability of battery start-up judgment in extreme low temperature environments (-40℃).

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the judgment result, the current power source is determined; if the power source is an external AC power supply, the heating device is activated to heat the battery, including:

[0085] Based on the judgment result, a logical judgment signal is received. When the logical judgment signal indicates that the heating start condition is met, the power supply source detection process is triggered, and a power supply type identifier is generated. Specifically, this includes: receiving the logical judgment signal transmitted from the judgment module in real time, which contains core information about whether the heating start condition is met; firstly, the received logical judgment signal is validated to confirm that there is no data loss or interference during signal transmission, such as verifying the checksum in the signal to ensure consistency with the original data sent, avoiding misoperation due to signal abnormalities; when the validation confirms that the logical judgment signal clearly indicates that the heating start condition is met, the preset power supply source detection process is immediately triggered, and power detection is started. This process verifies the current power supply status simultaneously in two ways: one is to detect the external battery... The system checks the voltage and current signals of power interfaces, such as AC power interfaces and photovoltaic access interfaces, to determine if a standard external AC power supply is connected. For example, it checks whether the interface voltage is within the AC power range of 220V±10% and meets the voltage standard for photovoltaic AC output. At the same time, it monitors the current stability of the power line to eliminate misjudgments caused by transient pulse interference. Secondly, it reads the external power supply access status indicator through the power management chip, such as whether the voltage detection pin at the interface outputs a high-level signal, indicating that the power supply is reliably connected. It also checks the physical connection status of the external power supply, such as whether the interface latch is properly engaged, to avoid power instability caused by loose connections. After completing the above tests, the power supply detection system summarizes the test results and generates a clear power supply type identifier based on the summarized information.

[0086] If the power supply type indicator indicates an external AC power source, a start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to control the heating device to heat the battery at a preset power. Specifically, when it is confirmed that the power supply type indicator indicates an external AC power source is connected, the stability of the external AC power supply will be further verified to avoid frequent start-stop of the heating device and impact on heating efficiency due to sudden drops or instability in the external power supply voltage. After verification, a standardized start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit. The command includes three core parameters: first, the preset heating power, which is set according to the cell heating requirements in extreme low temperature environments (-40℃), such as a 200W start power to adapt to rapid cell heating and avoid energy waste. This power has been verified through preliminary testing and can ensure heat conduction efficiency while avoiding overload of the heating device; second, the initial heating start duration threshold, such as a 20-minute initial heating stage to ensure that the cell temperature can initially leave the extreme cold range; and third, the heating status feedback requirement, which specifies that the drive circuit must send back the operating current and temperature data of the heating device to the heating module every 30 seconds for real-time monitoring. After receiving the start command, the drive circuit of the heating device first parses the parameters in the command to confirm that the preset power, duration, and other parameters match the hardware specifications of the heating device. For example, it confirms that the output current capability of the drive circuit can meet the heating power requirement of 200W to avoid hardware overload damage. Subsequently, the drive circuit outputs the corresponding drive signal according to the preset power to control the heating device, such as the combination of flexible heating film and PTC heater. The flexible heating film adheres to the battery cell shell and prioritizes direct heating of the battery cell, while the PTC heater assists in maintaining a stable internal temperature field of the battery pack. The two work together to ensure that heat can be quickly and evenly conducted to the inside of the battery cell. At the same time, the drive circuit will periodically transmit the operating data of the heating device according to the requirements of the start command to ensure that the heating process is under real-time monitoring and to avoid safety risks caused by abnormal operation of the heating device.

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, because a power source detection process is triggered by a logic judgment signal based on the heating start condition and a power supply type identifier is generated, and when the power supply type identifier is an external AC power supply, a start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to control the heating device to heat at a preset power, the technical problem of traditional battery low-temperature start schemes—the lack of judgment on the power supply source, the tendency to blindly start heating when the heating condition is met, or the lack of stable control of the heating power leading to low heating efficiency and high risk of battery over-discharge—is overcome. Thus, it achieves the goal of prioritizing external AC power supply for heating, avoiding premature consumption of the battery's own power, and ensuring stable and efficient heating process through preset power, thereby reducing battery losses caused by heating powered by its own power supply.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the power source is not an external power source, the current state of charge of the battery is detected, and when the current state of charge reaches or exceeds a preset threshold, the heating device is activated, including:

[0089] When the power supply type indicator indicates non-external power, the state of charge (SOC) monitoring thread is activated. The battery management chip collects real-time status parameters of the battery pack to obtain a multi-verified SOC value. Specifically, when it is confirmed that the power supply type is non-external, meaning the battery is in an off-grid state and relies on its own power, a SOC query command is immediately sent to the battery management system to initiate a dedicated query process. The command includes query accuracy requirements, such as an error control within ±2%, and data timeliness requirements, such as a return of results within 1 second to adapt to the rapid changes in battery status under extreme low temperatures. After receiving the query command, the BMS calculates the current SOC using a preset multi-parameter fusion algorithm: first, it collects the real-time voltage of each cell to eliminate interference from voltage fluctuations in individual cells under extreme low temperatures; then it takes the module average voltage, historical battery charge / discharge cycle data, and current battery temperature data to avoid errors caused by traditional single-voltage SOC estimation. After calculation, the BMS feeds back the current SOC value and data reliability indicator, performs integrity verification on the feedback data, and finally obtains an accurate current SOC value.

[0090] The state of charge (SOC) value is compared and analyzed with preset graded safety thresholds to obtain a comparison result including a SOC level identifier. Specifically, after acquiring the current SOC value, the SOC safety threshold for non-external power supply scenarios is retrieved from a pre-stored safety parameter library. The threshold is set based on battery health protection requirements under extreme low temperatures and includes dynamic threshold adjustment rules. Subsequently, the current SOC value is directly compared with the preset safety threshold. If the current value is higher than or equal to the safety threshold, it is initially determined that the internal power supply heating conditions are met. If the current value is lower than the safety threshold, it is initially determined that the internal power supply heating conditions are not met. To avoid misjudgment due to instantaneous data fluctuations, a secondary verification is performed by continuously collecting the SOC value three times within 10 seconds. If all three values ​​are higher than or equal to the threshold or lower than the threshold, the final comparison result is determined.

[0091] Based on the comparison results, a heating authorization decision is made to determine the conditions. When the state of charge (SOC) value meets the preset heating start conditions, a heating authorization command with power level information is obtained. Specifically, when the comparison result shows that the current SOC value reaches or exceeds the safety threshold, an internal power supply heating authorization signal is generated. The signal contains three core pieces of information: first, the specific value of the current SOC, used as a reference for power adjustment; second, the validity period of the authorization; and third, the safety warning threshold, forming a complete authorization logic. If the comparison result shows that the current SOC value is lower than the safety threshold, no authorization signal is generated, a low SOC protection prompt is issued, and the heating device start permission is locked. At this time, the health of the battery itself is prioritized to avoid further reduction of SOC due to heating power consumption, which could cause irreversible damage to the battery cell and solve the defect of easy over-discharge in off-grid heating.

[0092] The heating authorization command is transmitted to the power regulation device. By querying the power mapping database, the corresponding power control parameters are obtained, resulting in an adaptive power regulation signal. This signal controls the heating device to start operation within a safe power range. Specifically, after generating the internal power supply heating authorization signal, a differentiated heating power scheme is formulated based on the current state of charge (SOC): if the current SOC is above 40%, a relatively high initial heating power is set to accelerate the cell heating rate; if the current SOC is between 30% and 40%, a lower initial heating power is set to balance heating efficiency and power consumption. Subsequently, a restricted start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit. In addition to the aforementioned customized power parameters, the command also includes real-time monitoring requirements, one of which is that the drive circuit must monitor the battery's operating range every... The system transmits data on the actual power consumption of the heating device and the current SOC change of the battery every 20 seconds; secondly, it requires automatic power reduction when the SOC drops to the warning threshold during heating; and thirdly, it requires immediate shutdown of heating and feedback of a low SOC shutdown signal if the SOC continues to drop to 25%. After receiving the instructions, the heating device drive circuit first analyzes the power parameters and monitoring requirements to confirm that the parameters match the hardware specifications of the heating device. For example, if the drive circuit output capacity can meet the 150W power requirement and has real-time power adjustment function, it will then output drive signals according to the instructions to control the heating device to operate within the set safe power range. At the same time, the drive circuit strictly implements the monitoring requirements and transmits data in real time to ensure that the power consumption during heating is always within a controllable range.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, when the power supply type indicator indicates a non-external power source, a battery state of charge (SOC) query process is first triggered to obtain the current SOC value. This value is then compared with a preset SOC safety threshold. If the current SOC value reaches or exceeds the safety threshold, an internal power supply heating permission signal is generated. Finally, a restricted start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit based on the permission signal to control the heating device to operate within the safe power range adjusted based on the current SOC. This overcomes the technical problems of traditional battery low-temperature start-up schemes, which lack consideration of the battery SOC in non-external power source scenarios and blindly start the heating device, easily leading to over-discharge of the battery and damage to the cell health. Furthermore, the lack of adjustment of heating power according to the SOC results in energy waste or insufficient heating, making it unsuitable for complex off-grid power supply scenarios. Thus, in non-external power source scenarios, this invention avoids the risk of over-discharge of the battery due to excessive power consumption during heating, ensures cell health, and ensures stable heating without wasting power through safe power control adapted to the current SOC. It effectively adapts to complex off-grid power supply scenarios and provides technical protection for the subsequent safe charging and discharging of the battery in extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃).

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the heating device is activated, the battery temperature is monitored in real time. A temperature difference metric between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type is calculated, and the heating intensity is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature difference metric to heat the battery temperature to the target temperature threshold. This includes:

[0095] After the heating device is activated, a real-time temperature monitoring process is triggered, periodically collecting real-time battery temperature data from temperature sensors inside the battery pack. Specifically, this includes: immediately triggering the preset real-time temperature monitoring process after the heating device starts operating according to the activation command; firstly, considering the slow temperature change and susceptibility to environmental interference at extreme low temperatures, a reasonable acquisition cycle is set, typically every three seconds, ensuring timely capture of temperature change trends while avoiding excessive resource consumption from high-frequency acquisition; the temperature sensors collecting data are all located in key positions inside the battery pack, including multiple points on the cell surface, the middle area of ​​the module, and the air gap inside the battery pack. This multi-point arrangement avoids the deviations caused by traditional single-point temperature measurement, ensuring comprehensive temperature monitoring. Reflecting the core temperature and internal temperature field distribution of the battery, the sensor is selected to withstand extreme low temperatures and can operate stably in environments below -40 degrees Celsius. When collecting data, the acquisition time and sensor number are recorded simultaneously. Data transmission is carried out through a wired communication link resistant to low-temperature interference to avoid attenuation or distortion of wireless signals due to extreme low temperatures, ensuring the integrity of real-time temperature data. After receiving the data, a preliminary verification is performed to remove abnormal data that exceeds the reasonable temperature range and correct system errors of different sensors. Then, the data from multiple points at the same time are weighted and fused, with the cell surface data accounting for 70% of the weight and the internal air data accounting for 30%, to obtain real-time battery temperature data that truly reflects the current temperature state of the battery.

[0096] Based on the type parameter of the charge / discharge request, a lookup index key is constructed to query the target temperature threshold mapping table stored in non-volatile memory, obtaining the target temperature threshold parameter matching the current request type. Specifically, while completing real-time battery temperature data acquisition, a target temperature threshold query process is initiated based on the previously parsed charge / discharge request type. This process addresses the issue of poor adaptability caused by using a single temperature threshold without distinguishing between charge / discharge conditions, achieving accurate matching based on a pre-set target temperature threshold mapping table. The target temperature threshold mapping table is designed based on the low-temperature characteristics of lithium batteries and charge / discharge safety requirements; the target temperature threshold for charging requests is set relatively high because of the low temperature characteristics of lithium batteries. Charging at low temperatures can easily induce lithium dendrite precipitation. A higher temperature threshold ensures that the lithium-ion activity and electrolyte ion conductivity meet the requirements for safe charging after the cell temperature reaches the standard. The target temperature threshold for the discharge request is set relatively low because the discharge process is slightly more tolerant of low temperatures than the charging process. A lower threshold can reduce unnecessary heating energy consumption while ensuring discharge performance. During the query process, the parsed charge / discharge request type parameters are used as an index to quickly retrieve the corresponding target temperature threshold in the mapping table. After the retrieval is completed, the validity of the threshold is verified to confirm that it meets the adaptation requirements of the current extreme low temperature environment (-40℃). Finally, an accurate target temperature threshold that is suitable for the current operating conditions is obtained.

[0097] The processed, standardized temperature data sequence and the target temperature threshold parameter are simultaneously input into the temperature comparator. The real-time temperature difference metric is calculated through arithmetic difference operation. Specifically, after acquiring the verified real-time battery temperature data and the precisely matched target temperature threshold, the temperature difference metric calculation process is initiated. First, the real-time battery temperature data undergoes stability processing, and the average of three consecutive temperature acquisitions is taken as the current valid real-time temperature to avoid calculation errors caused by instantaneous temperature fluctuations. Then, the valid real-time temperature is compared with the target temperature threshold, and the absolute difference between the two is calculated, which is the temperature difference metric. During the calculation process, the real-time temperature, target threshold, and temperature difference value are recorded simultaneously, and the temperature change trend is used for auxiliary judgment. If the real-time temperature shows a continuous upward trend, even if the temperature difference metric is the same as the previous one, it will be marked as a benign temperature difference. If the real-time temperature rises slowly or stagnates, even if the temperature difference metric is small, it will be marked as an abnormal temperature difference.

[0098] Based on real-time temperature difference measurements, a pre-set database of temperature difference and heating intensity mapping is accessed. An interpolation algorithm dynamically parses the corresponding heating intensity level, resulting in a heating intensity control signal with specific parameter configurations. Specifically, after obtaining the temperature difference measurement, a pre-set rule base for the correspondence between temperature difference and heating intensity is invoked. This rule base defines the heating intensity levels corresponding to different temperature difference ranges. When the temperature difference measurement is greater than eight degrees Celsius, it is considered a large temperature difference, corresponding to high heating intensity, aiming to quickly transfer heat to the inside of the battery cell and shorten the heating time. When the temperature difference measurement is between three and eight degrees Celsius, it is considered a medium temperature difference, corresponding to medium heating intensity, ensuring stable temperature. The system adjusts the heating intensity based on the power supply scenario. For example, when the temperature difference is less than three degrees Celsius, it's considered a small temperature difference, corresponding to a lower heating intensity to reduce energy consumption and prevent overheating. Simultaneously, adjustments are made based on the current power supply scenario. In non-external power supply scenarios, the current state of charge (SOC) of the battery is considered. If the SOC is close to the safety threshold, even if the temperature difference is moderate, the heating intensity is lowered by one level to balance heating efficiency and battery protection, preventing over-discharge. In external power supply scenarios, heating efficiency is prioritized, and control signals are generated according to the original ruleset. Ultimately, the heating intensity level is converted into a standardized heating intensity control signal.

[0099] The heating intensity control signal is transmitted to the digital power controller of the heating device. The operating power output of the heating device is adjusted in real time through a duty cycle regulation mechanism, resulting in closed-loop control based on temperature difference feedback. This ensures that the battery temperature gradually approaches the target temperature threshold according to a preset temperature rise curve. Specifically, after generating the heating intensity control signal, it is transmitted to the driving circuit of the heating device via a dedicated anti-interference communication link. This ensures that the signal is distortion-free and delay-free even in extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃). Upon receiving the signal, the driving circuit first performs a hardware compatibility check on the target power in the signal, confirming that the target power is within the rated power range of the heating device and is neither lower than the minimum starting power nor higher than the maximum safe power, thus preventing the heating device from malfunctioning due to power exceeding limits. Damage or malfunction; after verification, the drive circuit adjusts the output current to precisely regulate the actual operating power of the heating device to the target power. For high heating intensity, the drive circuit outputs a larger current, enabling the flexible heating film and PTC heater to operate at high power in tandem. The flexible heating film directly transfers heat to the surface of the battery cell, while the PTC heater helps maintain a uniform internal temperature field. For medium to low heating intensity, the output current is reduced accordingly to control the heating device to operate stably at the corresponding power. During the adjustment process, the drive circuit monitors the actual operating power and working status of the heating device in real time to ensure that the heating device operates stably according to the control signal. If power fluctuations or abnormalities occur, feedback will be provided immediately and a fine-tuning mechanism will be triggered to ensure the accuracy and stability of power regulation.

[0100] The monitoring, calculation, and adjustment process continues until the real-time monitored battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold. Specifically, this includes: entering a continuous closed-loop control cycle, repeatedly executing the temperature monitoring, temperature difference calculation, and intensity adjustment process until the real-time monitored battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold; in each cycle, the real-time battery temperature data is re-verified and integrated to ensure data accuracy; the temperature difference metric is recalculated, and the heating intensity control signal is dynamically adjusted based on temperature difference changes. If the temperature difference gradually decreases, the heating intensity is gradually reduced according to the rule library; if the temperature difference remains constant or increases, any heat conduction obstacles are investigated, and the heating intensity is appropriately increased or the duration of the current intensity is extended; when the real-time monitored battery temperature reaches or exceeds the target temperature threshold three times consecutively, and the temperature change rate is less than 0.5 degrees Celsius per minute, the battery temperature is determined to be stable and meets the target, and the heating intensity adjustment is stopped, maintaining the current low-power heat preservation state; if the threshold is reached only once or twice, the cycle continues to execute to avoid misjudgment due to instantaneous temperature fluctuations. Through continuous closed-loop cycles, the battery temperature is ensured to stably approach and maintain at the target temperature threshold.

[0101] In this embodiment of the invention, the technical means of triggering a real-time temperature monitoring process after the heating device is started to periodically collect battery temperature data, query a preset mapping table according to the type of charge / discharge request to obtain the corresponding target temperature threshold, calculate the temperature difference between the real-time battery temperature and the target threshold, dynamically generate a control signal based on the preset temperature difference and heating intensity relationship and adjust the working power of the heating device in real time, and continuously monitor, calculate and adjust until the battery temperature reaches the target, thus overcoming the technical problems of traditional low-temperature battery start-up schemes, such as lack of real-time temperature monitoring, failure to adapt the target temperature threshold according to the charging / discharge type, fixed heating intensity that does not adjust with the temperature difference, resulting in excessive temperature difference of the battery cells, excessive energy consumption, unstable heating process, and even safety hazards caused by improper temperature control. Therefore, it achieves the technical effect of accurately matching the temperature control target for different charging and discharging conditions, dynamically adapting the heating intensity according to the temperature difference, ensuring that the battery temperature steadily approaches and accurately reaches the target threshold, reducing unnecessary energy loss, avoiding temperature overshoot or slow heating, and ensuring the safety, stability and efficiency of the battery heating process in extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃).

[0102] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the battery temperature reaches a target temperature threshold, the heating device is controlled to stop heating, and charging and discharging operations corresponding to the charging and discharging request are executed, including:

[0103] When the real-time battery temperature data continuously reaches or exceeds the target temperature threshold, a temperature compliance signal is generated. Specifically, this involves: continuously and periodically collecting real-time battery temperature data through multiple temperature sensors placed on key locations such as the cell surface and module casing. The collection period can be adjusted according to extreme low-temperature environments (-40℃), such as once every 20 seconds, to avoid the problem of surface temperature meeting the standard but cell temperature being insufficient due to monitoring only the air temperature in the battery compartment; after collecting the data, multiple sets of real-time temperature data are checked for consistency to eliminate abnormal fluctuations and ensure that the data can truly reflect the actual temperature of the cell; subsequently, the checked real-time battery temperature data is continuously compared with the preset target temperature thresholds, which correspond to no less than -25 degrees Celsius for charging requests and no less than -33 degrees Celsius for discharging requests. If the temperature data collected three or more times consecutively reaches or exceeds the target temperature threshold, to avoid misjudgment caused by instantaneous temperature compliance, it is determined that the battery temperature has stably met the charging and discharging conditions, and a temperature compliance signal is automatically generated.

[0104] Based on the temperature compliance signal, a heating stop command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to terminate the battery heating process. Specifically, after generating the temperature compliance signal, it is transmitted to the BMS. Upon confirming the signal's validity, the BMS immediately generates a heating stop command. This command is precisely sent to the heating device drive circuit via internal communication lines. The drive circuit connects the flexible heating film and the PTC heater. Upon receiving the stop command, the drive circuit quickly cuts off the power supply to both the flexible heating film and the PTC heater, terminating their heating operation. Simultaneously, the drive circuit sends a real-time feedback signal to the BMS confirming the power supply has been cut off, ensuring the heating device truly stops operating and preventing situations where a command is sent but heating continues. This fundamentally avoids excessively high battery temperatures or energy waste caused by continuous heating at extremely low temperatures.

[0105] After confirming the termination of the heating process, a status ready signal is sent. Specifically, after receiving the power supply cut-off signal from the heating device drive circuit, the BMS does not directly send a status ready signal. Instead, it initiates a heating process termination confirmation process. The battery temperature is collected again by the temperature sensor to confirm that there is no abnormal temperature rise after heating stops. At the same time, the operating current of the heating device is monitored by the current detection module to confirm that the current is zero and there is no dark heating, thus avoiding safety hazards caused by performing charging and discharging without confirming the termination of heating. If the temperature collected by the temperature sensor is stable within the target temperature threshold range and the current detection confirms that the heating device current is zero, it is determined that the heating process has been completely terminated. At this time, the BMS will generate a status ready signal.

[0106] Based on the state ready signal and request type parameters, the system executes the charging or discharging operation corresponding to the original charging / discharging request type to complete the startup process under extreme low temperature conditions. Specifically, this includes: upon receiving the state ready signal, the system immediately retrieves the previously stored charging / discharging request type parameters to determine whether the current request is for charging or discharging. If the request type is charging, the charging / discharging control module follows the charging strategy for extreme low temperatures, referencing the previously set 0.2C charging limit at temperatures not lower than -25 degrees Celsius. It controls the charging circuit to connect to mains power or photovoltaic power, charging the battery with a 0.2C charging current while simultaneously monitoring the charging voltage and cell temperature in real time to ensure safe charging. If the request type is discharging, the charging / discharging control module follows the discharging strategy for extreme low temperatures, referencing the previously set 0.5C discharging limit at temperatures not lower than -33 degrees Celsius. It controls the discharging circuit to connect to the load, supplying power to the load with a 0.5C discharging current, again monitoring the discharging current and cell temperature in real time. Once the charging / discharging operation starts normally and all parameters stabilize, the startup process under extreme low temperature conditions is considered complete.

[0107] In this embodiment of the invention, a temperature compliance signal is generated when the battery temperature is continuously monitored in real time until it reaches or exceeds the target temperature threshold. Based on the temperature compliance signal, a heating stop command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to terminate the heating process. After confirming that the heating process has been completely terminated, a status ready signal is sent. Then, the corresponding charging or discharging operation is executed in combination with the original charging and discharging request type parameters. Therefore, this invention overcomes the technical problems of traditional extreme low temperature battery startup schemes, such as the risk of temperature drop when heating is stopped without confirmation that the temperature has been continuously met, the risk of safety hazards when charging and discharging are performed without confirmation that the heating has been terminated, and the lack of reliability of the startup process under extreme low temperature conditions. As a result, the invention achieves precise and stable control of battery temperature in extreme low temperature environments (-40℃), avoids safety risks such as lithium dendrite precipitation that may be caused by temperature fluctuations before charging and discharging, ensures the safety and stability of charging and discharging operations, and ensures that the battery system can reliably complete the startup process under extreme low temperature conditions.

[0108] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computing device, including: a processor and a memory storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, performs the system as described above. All implementations in the above system embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0109] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the system as described above. All implementations in the above system embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0110] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extreme low-temperature start-up battery system, characterized in that, include: The receiving module is used to receive externally input charging and discharging request instructions and parse the instructions to obtain standardized request type parameters, including: receiving charging and discharging request data packets from user terminals, performing format verification and integrity verification on the data packets, and generating verified data packets; The verified data packets are deconstructed according to the preset communication protocol, and the instruction type field, voltage parameter field and current parameter field are extracted to form a structured instruction dataset containing multiple discrete parameters. Three feature vertices are selected from the structured instruction dataset. The three feature vertices include the charging voltage request value, the charging current rate request value, and the total requested energy value. Based on three feature vertices, the charging voltage request value, charging current rate request value, and total requested energy value are mapped to the coordinates of the three vertices of a virtual triangle, respectively. By calculating the geometric centroid of the virtual triangle, the feature centroid parameter representing the current comprehensive state of the charging and discharging request is obtained. The feature centroid parameter is matched with a preset request type mapping database, which contains multiple preset temperature ranges and request types. By comparing the feature centroid parameter with the threshold range in the database, a standardized request type parameter is output. The request type parameter is used to identify whether the current request is a fast charging request, a regular charging request, or a low-power charging request. The acquisition module is used to initiate a multi-channel temperature acquisition process based on standardized request type parameters, and acquire ambient temperature and battery temperature data to obtain the current temperature status information. The judgment module is used to divide the ambient temperature into preset extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range and non-low temperature range according to the request type parameter and the ambient temperature data in the current temperature status information, to obtain the temperature range division result, and to judge the heating start condition based on the division result and the request type parameter to obtain the judgment result. The heating module is used to determine the current power source based on the judgment result; if the power source is an external AC power source, it controls the heating device to start and heat the battery; if the power source is not an external power source, it detects the current state of charge of the battery and controls the heating device to start when the current state of charge reaches or exceeds a preset threshold. The temperature control module is used to monitor the battery temperature in real time after the heating device is started. It calculates the temperature difference between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type, and dynamically adjusts the heating intensity according to the temperature difference to heat the battery temperature to the target temperature threshold. The execution module is used to control the heating device to stop heating when the battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold, and to perform charging and discharging operations corresponding to the charging and discharging requests.

2. The extreme low-temperature start-up battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system initiates a multi-channel temperature acquisition process based on standardized request type parameters, and obtains ambient temperature and battery temperature data to determine the current temperature status information, including: Based on standardized request type parameters, multiple temperature acquisition commands are generated, and synchronous acquisition signals are sent to multiple temperature sensors arranged inside and outside the battery pack through a distributed sensor network. Receive ambient temperature data streams and battery temperature data streams returned by various temperature sensors, perform communication verification and format parsing on the received data streams, and extract the temperature measurement value sequence. The temperature measurement value sequence is input for data verification and fusion. Through data validity verification, outlier removal, and multi-sensor data fusion processing, the current temperature status information, which includes ambient temperature feature values ​​and battery temperature feature values, is obtained.

3. The extreme low-temperature start-up battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the request type parameter and the ambient temperature data in the current temperature status information, the ambient temperature is divided into preset extreme low temperature range, normal low temperature range, and non-low temperature range, resulting in a temperature range division result. Then, based on the division result and the request type parameter, a heating start condition judgment is performed to obtain the judgment result, including: The extracted ambient temperature data and request type parameters are used as input, and the root node of the quadtree partitioning structure is initialized according to the preset temperature range boundary values. Based on the initialized root node temperature range representation, a quadtree recursive segmentation operation is performed. Four child nodes are generated at each level through the temperature interval binary search method. Each child node corresponds to a specific temperature sub-interval, forming a temperature interval classification topology with multi-level relationships. Finally, a complete temperature domain classification system including extreme low temperature, normal low temperature and non-low temperature intervals is constructed. The temperature values ​​to be classified are input into the data processing interface of the quadtree classification system. The temperature values ​​are compared layer by layer in the tree structure through a depth-first search-based hierarchical traversal matching algorithm to locate the final leaf node and obtain the corresponding temperature range classification code as the classification result. Based on the division result and request type parameter, the preset heating logic judgment rule is called. If the request type is a charging request and the division result indicates an extreme low temperature range, the heating start condition is determined to be met; if the request type is a discharging request and the division result indicates an extreme low temperature range, the heating start condition is determined to be met, so as to obtain the judgment result.

4. The extreme low-temperature start-up battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the judgment result, determine the current power supply source; If the power source is an external AC power supply, the heating device is activated to heat the battery, including: Based on the judgment result, a logical judgment signal is received. When the logical judgment signal indicates that the heating start condition is met, the power supply source detection process is triggered, and a power supply type identifier is generated. If the power supply type indicator indicates an external AC power supply, a start command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to control the heating device to heat the battery at a preset power.

5. The extreme low-temperature start-up battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that, If the power source is not an external power source, the current state of charge of the battery is detected, and when the current state of charge reaches or exceeds a preset threshold, the heating device is activated, including: When the power supply type indicator indicates that it is not an external power source, the state of charge monitoring thread is started, and the real-time status parameters of the battery pack are collected through the battery management chip to obtain the current state of charge value after multiple verifications. The state of charge values ​​are compared and analyzed with preset graded safety thresholds to obtain comparison results including state level identifiers. Based on the comparison results, a heating authorization decision is made to determine the conditions. When the state of charge value meets the preset heating start conditions, a heating authorization command with power level information is obtained. The heating authorization command is transmitted to the power regulation device, which obtains the corresponding power control parameters by querying the power mapping database, and obtains the adaptive power regulation signal to control the heating device to start and operate within the safe power range.

6. The extreme low-temperature start-up battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the heating device is activated, the battery temperature is monitored in real time. A temperature difference metric is calculated between the current battery temperature and the target temperature threshold corresponding to the charge / discharge request type. The heating intensity is then dynamically adjusted based on this temperature difference metric to heat the battery to the target temperature threshold. This includes: After the heating device is activated, a real-time temperature monitoring process is triggered, periodically collecting real-time battery temperature data from the temperature sensor inside the battery pack. Based on the type parameter of the charge / discharge request, a lookup index key is constructed, and the target temperature threshold mapping table stored in non-volatile memory is queried to obtain the target temperature threshold parameter that matches the current request type. The processed standardized temperature data sequence and the target temperature threshold parameter are simultaneously input into the temperature comparator, and the real-time temperature difference measurement value is obtained by arithmetic difference calculation. Based on real-time temperature difference measurement, the system accesses a pre-set database of temperature difference and heating intensity mapping relationships, dynamically parses the corresponding heating intensity level through an interpolation algorithm, and obtains a heating intensity control signal with specific parameter configuration. The heating intensity control signal is transmitted to the digital power controller of the heating device. The working power output of the heating device is adjusted in real time through the duty cycle adjustment mechanism to obtain closed-loop control based on temperature difference feedback, so that the battery temperature gradually approaches the target temperature threshold according to the preset temperature rise curve. The monitoring, calculation, and adjustment process is continuously executed until the real-time monitored battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold.

7. The extreme low-temperature start-up battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the battery temperature reaches the target temperature threshold, the heating device is controlled to stop heating, and charging and discharging operations corresponding to the charging and discharging requests are executed, including: When the real-time battery temperature data continuously reaches or exceeds the target temperature threshold, a temperature compliance signal is generated. Based on the temperature target signal, a heating stop command is sent to the heating device drive circuit to terminate the heating process of the battery. After confirming that the heating process has ended, a status ready signal is sent. Based on the state ready signal and request type parameter, perform the charging or discharging operation corresponding to the original charge / discharge request type to complete the startup process under extreme low temperature conditions.

8. A computing device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a program that, when executed by a processor, performs the system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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