Soil conditioner, soil stabilizer and application of soil conditioner and soil stabilizer in ionic rare earth ore ecological restoration
By using soil conditioners composed of biochar, humic acid, and other substances, and soil stabilizers composed of polyanionic cellulose in ion-adsorption rare earth mining areas, combined with the planting of specific plants, the problems of magnesium sulfate salinity stress and poor soil and water conservation effects have been solved, and the stability of the soil and its water and fertilizer retention effects have been significantly improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing ecological restoration methods for ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, the problems of salinity stress, poor soil and water conservation, and poor water and fertilizer retention caused by magnesium sulfate are difficult to solve effectively.
A soil conditioner composed of biochar, humic acid, organic fertilizer, slow-release inorganic fertilizer, and mineral soil is combined with a soil stabilizer composed of polyanionic cellulose, cementing agents, and cellulose. By applying the conditioner to the soil in ion-type rare earth tailings areas and planting specific plants, a highly compacted soil layer is formed, which improves soil stability and water and fertilizer retention capacity.
It significantly improves soil stability and water and fertilizer retention, reduces salinity stress, enhances soil and water conservation capacity, promotes vegetation restoration and soil fertility replenishment, and prevents nutrient loss and soil erosion.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental remediation technology, specifically to a soil conditioner, a soil stabilizer, and their application in the ecological remediation of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals. Background Technology
[0002] Ion-adsorption rare earth minerals are an important strategic resource for my country, possessing non-renewable properties and widely used in national defense and high-tech fields. While using magnesium sulfate as a leaching agent in the mining of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals mitigates the ammonia nitrogen pollution problems in surface and groundwater caused by traditional ammonium sulfate in-situ leaching processes, it may lead to an increase in magnesium sulfate content in the ore body, causing some degree of salinity stress to plants. Furthermore, as this new process is an in-situ leaching method, the problems associated with in-situ leaching, such as increased soil moisture content, soil instability, susceptibility to soil erosion, and loss of soil nutrients, still exist.
[0003] For the ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, existing methods mainly employ a combination of soil amendment and phytoremediation. Soil amendment involves adding soil conditioners to improve the soil environment. These conditioners typically contain organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, pH adjusters, water-retaining agents, binders, conditioners, and adsorbents. Adding conditioners can enhance soil fertility, increase pH, improve soil structure and texture, and strengthen the soil's water retention capacity. Additionally, topsoil can be introduced to enhance the ecological restoration effect by covering the soil with high-quality planting soil. Phytoremediation involves selecting suitable tree, shrub, and herbaceous plant varieties to artificially construct plant communities. Combined with microbial agents, this improves plant tolerance and survival rates, and promotes nutrient cycling. Ultimately, this improves soil fertility, enhances soil quality, reduces ammonia nitrogen release, and artificially constructs a stable ecological environment system.
[0004] However, the above-mentioned "soil improvement + phytoremediation" approach cannot effectively solve the environmental problems caused by the new leaching process: (1) It does not solve the problem of salinity stress caused by magnesium sulfate. The magnesium sulfate solution in the new leaching process has a mass concentration of about 3%. After some magnesium sulfate is released into the environment, the high concentration area will inhibit plant growth; (2) The water and soil conservation effect is poor. When the in-situ leaching process is used, the soil moisture content in the liquid collection area at the foot of the mountain increases. When it rains, the structure is unstable and it is easy to lose water and soil. The existing "soil improvement + vegetation restoration" approach relies on plants to cover the rain to reduce the scouring effect of rainwater and the roots of plants to consolidate the soil. It relies on plants for water and soil conservation. However, when the vegetation has not survived on a large scale in the early stage, the water and soil conservation effect is weak; (3) The water and fertilizer retention effect is poor. Because the vegetation has not fully recovered in the early stage of restoration, the soil surface erosion further causes nutrient loss and strong water effect, which has a great adverse effect on seed germination and seedling growth.
[0005] Therefore, how to provide an ion-based rare earth mineral soil amendment material and its ecological restoration method that can alleviate the effects of salinity stress, significantly improve soil stability, and retain water and fertilizer is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defects of existing ecological restoration methods for ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, such as salinity stress caused by magnesium sulfate, poor soil and water conservation effect, and poor water and fertilizer retention effect. Therefore, this invention provides a soil amendment material for ion-adsorption rare earth minerals and a restoration method thereof that can reduce salinity stress and significantly improve soil stability, water and fertilizer retention.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a soil conditioner, wherein the raw materials of the soil conditioner, by weight, include: 100-200 parts of biochar, 5-50 parts of humic acid, 40-100 parts of organic fertilizer, 30-50 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer, and 50-200 parts of mineral soil.
[0008] In one optional embodiment, the organic matter content of the fulvic acid is 40%-70%.
[0009] In one optional embodiment, the biochar has a moisture content of 30%-35%.
[0010] In one optional embodiment, the fulvic acid substance includes at least one of sodium fulvicate and potassium fulvicate.
[0011] In one alternative embodiment, the mineral soil includes at least one of sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, diatomite, attapulgite, and perlite.
[0012] In one optional embodiment, the method for preparing the biochar includes the following steps: introducing saturated steam into dewatered sludge, reacting, and then filtering by pressure to obtain the biochar.
[0013] In one optional embodiment, the reaction temperature is 220℃-240℃, the pressure is 3MPa-5MPa, and the time is 0.1h-1h.
[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a soil stabilizer, wherein the raw materials of the soil stabilizer include: 0-20 parts of polyanionic cellulose, 10-50 parts of cementing agent, and 10-30 parts of cellulose, by weight.
[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the polyanionic cellulose includes at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, and carboxypropyl cellulose.
[0016] In one alternative embodiment, the binder includes at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose.
[0017] In one alternative embodiment, the cellulose comprises at least one of polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber.
[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of the soil conditioner described in the first aspect and the soil stabilizer described in the second aspect in the ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals.
[0019] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, comprising the following steps: (1) Soil stabilizer and soil conditioner are applied sequentially to the soil of the ion-adsorption rare earth tailings area to be remediated for remediation; (2) Transplant plant seeds to the restored ion-type rare earth tailings area; The soil conditioner is the soil conditioner described in the first aspect, and the soil stabilizer is the soil stabilizer described in the second aspect.
[0020] In one alternative implementation, in step (1), the thickness of the topsoil stripped is 10cm-15cm.
[0021] In one alternative embodiment, the plant includes at least one of ferns and grasses.
[0022] In one alternative embodiment, the fern includes at least one of *Dictamnus dasycarpus* and *Cibotium barometz*.
[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the grass species includes at least one of foxtail grass and tall fescue.
[0024] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: 1. The method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth mines provided by the present invention includes the following steps: (1) applying soil stabilizer and soil conditioner to the soil of the ion-type rare earth tailings area to be restored in sequence for restoration; (2) transplanting plant seeds to the restored ion-type rare earth tailings area. By weight, the raw materials of the soil conditioner include: 100-200 parts of biochar, 5-50 parts of fulvic acid, 40-100 parts of organic fertilizer, 30-50 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer, and 50-200 parts of mineral soil; the raw materials of the soil stabilizer include: 0-20 parts of polyanionic cellulose, 10-50 parts of cementing agent, and 10-30 parts of cellulose. Adding biochar and fulvic acid to the soil conditioner can increase soil porosity, soil cation exchange capacity, water-soluble calcium and water-soluble magnesium content, and reduce soil bulk density, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and water-soluble sodium content, which is beneficial to reducing salinity stress. Adding cementitious agents to soil stabilizers can improve soil viscosity, enhance soil texture, and increase soil water retention capacity. Adding fibers can improve the consolidation effect and resistance to water erosion. Cementitious agents, cellulose, and / or polyanionic cellulose can form a highly compacted soil layer at the bottom and top layers, promoting overall vegetation restoration, improving soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, preventing nutrient loss, and accelerating vegetation recovery. Combined with soil conditioners and planting, this achieves long-term soil stability, replenishes and slowly releases soil fertility, and the formation of high-coverage vegetation further prevents soil erosion. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention, but the following embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] Unless otherwise specified, all experimental steps or conditions in the examples were performed according to conventional experimental procedures and conditions in the art. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products.
[0027] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a soil conditioner is provided, wherein the raw materials of the soil conditioner include, by weight, 100-200 parts of biochar, 5-50 parts of humic acid, 40-100 parts of organic fertilizer, 30-50 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer, and 50-200 parts of mineral soil.
[0028] In one optional embodiment, the organic matter content of the fulvic acid is 40%-70%.
[0029] In one optional embodiment, the biochar has a moisture content of 30%-35%.
[0030] In one optional embodiment, the fulvic acid includes at least one of sodium fulvicate and potassium fulvicate.
[0031] In one alternative embodiment, the mineral soil includes at least one of sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, diatomite, attapulgite, and perlite.
[0032] It should be noted that mineral soil can improve soil water retention capacity and improve soil structure.
[0033] In one optional embodiment, the biochar preparation method includes the following steps: dewatered sludge from an urban biological wastewater treatment plant is added to a reactor, saturated steam is introduced, and the reactor temperature is controlled at 220℃-240℃ and the pressure at 3MPa-5MPa for 0.1h-1h. After the sludge is discharged, it is further dewatered using a plate and frame dewatering system to obtain biochar with a moisture content of 30%-35%. The biochar prepared using the above method has low cost and high organic matter content.
[0034] It should be noted that organic fertilizers contain agricultural and livestock by-products rich in organic matter, such as chicken manure, sheep manure, beet pulp, and sugarcane bagasse, as well as commercially available microbial agents, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and EM (Effective Microorganisms) composting agents, which can increase the organic matter content and the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
[0035] It should be noted that inorganic slow-release fertilizers contain low-solubility compounds such as silicates and phosphates, as well as inert encapsulating materials such as humic acid, which can prolong the fertilizer effect and reduce the loss of soil fertility caused by rainwater and leaching solutions.
[0036] Secondly, the present invention provides a soil stabilizer, wherein the raw materials of the soil stabilizer include: 0-20 parts of polyanionic cellulose, 10-50 parts of cementing agent, and 10-30 parts of cellulose, by weight.
[0037] In one alternative embodiment, the polyanionic cellulose (PAC) includes at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, and carboxypropyl cellulose.
[0038] It should be noted that polyanionic cellulose is an important water-soluble cellulose ether with strong hygroscopicity and easy solubility in water. It has the functions of retaining moisture, improving soil structure, increasing porosity, and increasing soil nutrient retention capacity.
[0039] In one alternative embodiment, the binder includes at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose.
[0040] In one alternative embodiment, the fiber includes at least one of polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber.
[0041] The third invention provides the application of the soil conditioner described in the first aspect and the soil stabilizer described in the second aspect in the ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals.
[0042] Fourthly, this invention provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, comprising the following steps: (1) Soil stabilizer and soil conditioner are applied sequentially to the soil of the ion-adsorption rare earth tailings area to be remediated for remediation; (2) Transplant plant seeds to the restored ion-type rare earth tailings area; The soil conditioner is the soil conditioner described in the first aspect, and the soil stabilizer is the soil stabilizer described in the second aspect.
[0043] In one alternative implementation, in step (1), the thickness of the topsoil stripped is 10cm-15cm.
[0044] In one alternative embodiment, the plant includes at least one of ferns and grasses.
[0045] In one alternative embodiment, the fern includes at least one of *Dictamnus dasycarpus* and *Cibotium barometz*.
[0046] In one alternative embodiment, the grass species includes at least one of foxtail grass and tall fescue.
[0047] It should be noted that *Miscanthus sinensis* and *Cibotium barometz* belong to the fern family and have a strong rooting ability, forming a connection between the top and bottom soil layers to create a unified soil structure. Meanwhile, grasses such as *Setaria viridis* or tall fescue have strong salt tolerance and can serve as pioneer plants to quickly increase vegetation cover, providing protection for the topsoil and reducing soil erosion.
[0048] It should be noted that the method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals provided by this invention specifically includes the following steps: S1. Surface clearing: Remove 10-15cm of the surface soil from the ion-adsorption rare earth tailings area to be restored, where there is no vegetation cover, and retain the soil for later use. S2. Solidification: After stripping the topsoil, spread the soil solidification agent and mix it evenly with the soil at a distance of 10m-16m from the soil surface, then compact it. S3, Soil improvement: Add soil conditioner to the soil after stripping in step (1), mix well, and spread it on the surface of the soil after treatment in step (2); S4. Transplant plant seeds to the restored ion-type rare earth tailings area.
[0049] In one optional embodiment, in S2, the mass ratio of the soil stabilizer to the soil is 5-10:100.
[0050] In one optional implementation, the compaction step can be carried out manually or by machine; preferably, a 10t vibratory roller is used to compact areas with a slope of less than 4° and a width of more than 3m, otherwise a gasoline vibratory compactor can be used.
[0051] It should be noted that by combining the compaction process with the selection of specific plants, a soil layer with high compaction can be formed at the bottom of the soil. This can reduce the soil erosion modulus and the soil permeability coefficient, reduce the rate at which salt-containing leaching solutions seep into the surface, and alleviate the degree of surface soil salinization.
[0052] In one alternative implementation, in S3, the soil conditioner and the soil are in a mass ratio of 5-20:100.
[0053] In this invention, the organic fertilizer was purchased from Genlido Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the model is pure fermentation, with organic matter ≥65% and effective live bacteria count >200 million / g; the slow-release inorganic fertilizer was purchased from Genlido Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the model is Feilijiu 369; the wastewater from the urban biological sewage treatment plant was taken from the wastewater treatment pond of Beijing Beikong Changsha Sewage Purification Co., Ltd., and the specific composition is not limited.
[0054] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: (1) Select dewatered sludge from urban biological wastewater treatment plant and add it to the reactor. Saturated steam is introduced and the reactor temperature is controlled at 230℃ and pressure at 4MPa for 0.5h. After the sludge is discharged, it is dewatered by plate and frame dewatering to obtain biochar with a moisture content of 30%. (2) Mix 150 parts of biochar, 25 parts of sodium humate (organic matter content is 50%), 80 parts of organic fertilizer, 40 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer and 120 parts of sepiolite to prepare a soil conditioner.
[0055] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: (1) Select dewatered sludge from urban biological wastewater treatment plant and add it to the reactor. Saturated steam is introduced and the reactor temperature is controlled at 220℃ and pressure at 3MPa for 0.5h. After the sludge is discharged, it is dewatered by plate and frame dewatering to obtain biochar with a moisture content of 35%. (2) Mix 100 parts of biochar, 5 parts of potassium humate (organic matter content is 50%), 100 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer and 200 parts of kaolin to prepare a soil conditioner.
[0056] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: (1) Select dewatered sludge from urban biological sewage treatment plant and add it to the reactor. Saturated steam is introduced and the reactor temperature is controlled at 240℃ and pressure at 5MPa for 0.1h. After the sludge is discharged, it is dewatered by plate and frame dewatering to obtain biochar soil conditioner with a moisture content of 33%. (2) Prepared by mixing 200 parts of biochar, 15 parts of potassium humate (organic matter content of 50%), 40 parts of organic fertilizer, 35 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer and 50 parts of attapulgite.
[0057] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: (1) Select dewatered sludge from urban biological wastewater treatment plant and add it to the reactor. Saturated steam is introduced and the reactor temperature is controlled at 220℃ and pressure at 3MPa for 1 hour. After the sludge is discharged, it is dewatered by plate and frame dewatering to obtain biochar with a moisture content of 32%. (2) Mix 170 parts of biochar, 30 parts of sodium humate (organic matter content is 50%), 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 50 parts of slow-release inorganic fertilizer and 160 parts of zeolite to prepare a soil conditioner.
[0058] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, comprising the following steps: The mixture of 10 parts carboxymethyl cellulose, 30 parts carboxypropyl methyl cellulose, and 20 parts polypropylene fiber was prepared.
[0059] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, comprising the following steps: The mixture of 50 parts carboxyethyl methyl cellulose and 10 parts basalt fiber was used to prepare the product.
[0060] Example 7 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, comprising the following steps: The mixture of 15 parts carboxypropyl cellulose, 10 parts carboxypropyl methyl cellulose, and 30 parts basalt fiber was used to prepare the product.
[0061] Example 8 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, comprising the following steps: The mixture of 20 parts carboxyethyl cellulose, 20 parts carboxyethyl methyl cellulose, and 25 parts polypropylene fiber was used to prepare the product.
[0062] Example 9 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, including the following steps: (1) Surface clearing: Remove 12cm of soil from the surface of rare earth mine soils that are not covered by vegetation, and keep the soil for later use; (2) Solidification: After stripping the topsoil, the soil solidification agent prepared in Example 5 is spread and mixed evenly with the soil at a distance of 12m-15m from the soil surface. The mass ratio of soil solidification agent to soil is 7:100. Then, it is compacted. (3) Soil improvement: Add the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 to the soil after stripping in step (1). The mass ratio of soil conditioner to soil is 12:100. Stir evenly and spread on the surface of the soil after treatment in step (2). (4) Planting: Plant sedge on the improved soil spread in step (3).
[0063] Example 10 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, including the following steps: (1) Surface clearing: Remove 13cm of the surface soil of rare earth mines that are not covered by vegetation, and keep the soil for later use; (2) Solidification: After stripping the topsoil, the soil solidifier prepared in Example 6 is spread and mixed evenly with the soil at a distance of 13m-15m from the soil surface. The mass ratio of soil solidifier to soil is 5:100. Then, it is compacted. (3) Soil improvement: Add the soil conditioner prepared in Example 2 to the soil after stripping in step (1). The mass ratio of soil conditioner to soil is 5:100. Mix evenly and spread on the surface of the soil after treatment in step (2). (4) Planting: Plant *Cibotium barometz* on the improved soil spread in step (3).
[0064] Example 11 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, including the following steps: (1) Surface clearing: Remove 10cm of soil from the surface of rare earth mine soils that are not covered by vegetation, and keep the soil for later use; (2) Solidification: After stripping the topsoil, the soil solidification agent prepared in Example 7 is spread and mixed evenly with the soil at a distance of 10m-15m from the soil surface. The mass ratio of soil solidification agent to soil is 10:100. Then, it is compacted. (3) Soil improvement: Add the soil conditioner prepared in Example 3 to the soil after stripping in step (1). The mass ratio of soil conditioner to soil is 20:100. Stir evenly and spread on the surface of the soil after treatment in step (2). (4) Planting: Plant tall fescue on the improved soil spread in step (3).
[0065] Example 12 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Embodiment 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Embodiment 5 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Embodiment 8, and the soil conditioner prepared in Embodiment 1 is replaced with the soil conditioner prepared in Embodiment 4.
[0066] Example 13 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Embodiment 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Embodiment 5 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Embodiment 7.
[0067] Example 14 This embodiment provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Embodiment 9, except that the soil conditioner prepared in Embodiment 1 is replaced with the soil conditioner prepared in Embodiment 4.
[0068] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 1, except that the amount of organic fertilizer is 30 parts.
[0069] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 1, except that the amount of organic fertilizer is 110 parts.
[0070] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 1, except that the slow-release inorganic fertilizer is 25 parts.
[0071] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 1, except that the slow-release inorganic fertilizer is 55 parts.
[0072] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 5, except that polymethylcellulose is replaced with polyquaternium-10.
[0073] Comparative Example 6 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 5, except that the amount of carboxypropyl methylcellulose is 5 parts.
[0074] Comparative Example 7 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 5, except that the amount of carboxypropyl methylcellulose is 55 parts.
[0075] Comparative Example 8 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 5, except that the amount of polypropylene cellulose is 5 parts.
[0076] Comparative Example 9 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a soil stabilizer, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 5, except that the amount of polypropylene cellulose is 35 parts.
[0077] Comparative Example 10 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 1.
[0078] Comparative Example 11 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 2.
[0079] Comparative Example 12 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 3.
[0080] Comparative Example 13 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 4.
[0081] Comparative Example 14 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Comparative Example 5.
[0082] Comparative Example 15 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Comparative Example 6.
[0083] Comparative Example 16 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Comparative Example 7.
[0084] Comparative Example 17 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Comparative Example 8.
[0085] Comparative Example 18 This comparative example provides a method for ecological restoration of ion-type rare earth minerals, which is basically the same as the steps in Example 9, except that the soil stabilizer prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the soil stabilizer prepared in Comparative Example 9.
[0086] Experimental Example 1 After one year of remediation, the remediation methods of Examples 9-14 and Comparative Examples 10-18 were used. Porosity was tested according to the "Standard for Geotechnical Testing Methods" (GB / T 50123-2019); cation exchange capacity was tested according to "Soil Testing Part 13: Determination of Soil Cation Exchange Capacity" (NY / T 1121.13-2006); water-soluble calcium, water-soluble magnesium, and water-soluble sodium were tested according to "Soil Testing Part 16: Determination of Total Water-Soluble Salts in Soil" (NY / T 1121.16-2006); bulk density was tested according to the "Standard for Geotechnical Testing Methods" (GB / T 50123-2019); sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was tested according to "Soil Testing Part 16: Determination of Total Water-Soluble Salts in Soil" (NY / T 1121.16-2006); and other tests were conducted according to the "Standard for Geotechnical Testing Methods" (GB / T 50123-2019). The soil viscosity was tested according to GB / T 50123-2019, the soil moisture content was tested according to NY / T 1121.3-2006 (Soil Testing Part 3: Determination of Soil Moisture Content), the soil erosion modulus was tested according to SL423-2008 (Specifications for Soil and Water Conservation Testing), and the soil permeability coefficient was tested according to GB / T 50123-2019 (Standard for Geotechnical Testing Methods). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0087] Table 1 Soil physicochemical properties under different treatments
[0088] Table 2 Soil physicochemical properties under different treatments
[0089] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, after one year of remediation using the remediation methods of Examples 9-14 of this invention, the synergistic treatment with the soil conditioner and soil stabilizer prepared in this invention can improve soil porosity, viscosity, soil cation exchange capacity, water-soluble calcium and water-soluble magnesium content, reduce soil bulk density, sodium adsorption ratio, water-soluble sodium content, soil erosion modulus and soil permeability coefficient, and enhance water retention and erosion resistance, showing significant improvement effect on ion-adsorption rare earth mineral soils. In contrast, the soil improvement effect in the comparative examples is significantly deteriorated, and it cannot effectively solve problems such as salinity stress and poor soil and water conservation.
[0090] Experiment Example 2 The survival rate, plant height, and dry weight of the plants in Examples 9-13 and Comparative Examples 10-18 were tested using a Konica Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter to measure chlorophyll content. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0091] Table 3. Plant quality under different treatment conditions
[0092] As can be seen from Table 3, after restoration using the restoration methods of Examples 9-14 of this invention, the plants are growing well, have a high survival rate, and the vegetation restoration effect is good; while the comparative example has a low survival rate and significantly poor growth indicators due to poor soil conditions, and the vegetation restoration effect is weaker than that of the examples.
[0093] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A soil conditioner, characterized in that, The raw materials of the soil conditioner, by weight, include: 100-200 parts biochar, 5-50 parts humic acid, 40-100 parts organic fertilizer, 30-50 parts slow-release inorganic fertilizer, and 50-200 parts mineral soil.
2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic matter content of the fulvic acid substances is 40%-70%; And / or, the biochar has a moisture content of 30%-35%.
3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fulvic acid substances include at least one of sodium fulvicate and potassium fulvicate; And / or, the mineral soil includes at least one of sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, diatomite, attapulgite, and perlite.
4. The soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the biochar includes the following steps: saturated steam is introduced into dewatered sludge, the mixture reacts, and the biochar is obtained after pressure filtration.
5. The soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 220℃-240℃, a pressure of 3MPa-5MPa, and a time of 0.1h-1h.
6. A soil stabilizer, characterized in that, The raw materials of the soil stabilizer, by weight, include: 0-20 parts of polyanionic cellulose, 10-50 parts of cementing agent, and 10-30 parts of cellulose.
7. The soil stabilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The polyanionic cellulose includes at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, and carboxypropyl cellulose; And / or, the binder includes at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose; And / or, the cellulose includes at least one of polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber.
8. The application of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-5 and the soil stabilizer according to claim 6 or 7 in the ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals.
9. A method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Soil stabilizer and soil conditioner are applied sequentially to the soil of the ion-adsorption rare earth tailings area to be remediated for remediation; (2) Transplant plant seeds to the restored ion-type rare earth tailings area; The soil conditioner is the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-5, and the soil stabilizer is the soil stabilizer according to claim 6 or 7.
10. The method for ecological restoration of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step (1), the thickness of the topsoil stripped is 10cm-15cm; And / or, the plant includes at least one of ferns and grasses; Optionally, the fern includes at least one of *Dictamnus dasycarpus* and *Cibotium barometz*. Optionally, the grass species includes at least one of foxtail grass and tall fescue.