Vertical machining center for milling composite machining of metal pieces

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of milling composite machining technology and provides a vertical machining center for milling composite machining of metal parts. The center includes a housing, a slide assembly for supporting and moving the metal parts, and a machining assembly. The machining assembly includes a lifting slide rail and a drive mechanism that slides along the side wall of the lifting slide rail. A spindle body and an attitude measuring component rotate at the bottom of the drive mechanism. This device solves the problem of tool changing posture deviations caused by defects in the robot arm, tool holder, and spindle taper hole of metal milling machine tools, which cannot be controlled in real time during tool changing, leading to machining scrap and increased equipment wear. By adding an attitude measuring component inside the spindle body, in conjunction with a controller, the device achieves online real-time detection of tool posture. Deviations can be detected and intervened in a timely manner during tool changing, solving the lag problem of traditional post-detection methods. This reduces scrap output, controls production costs, and simultaneously reduces spindle and tool wear, extending equipment lifespan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of milling composite machining technology, and more specifically, to a vertical machining center for milling composite machining of metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] Metal milling machine tools are core process equipment in the field of metal cutting and machining, and key equipment for industries such as precision machinery manufacturing to achieve efficient and high-precision metal part forming. The machine tool uses a milling cutter as the core cutting tool, which is driven by the spindle to rotate at high speed. At the same time, it cooperates with the multi-axis linkage feed motion of the worktable or spindle to cut and machine the features of the metal workpiece, such as planes, grooves, contours, and complex curved surfaces.

[0003] The tool changing process of automated metal milling machine tools is a crucial step in achieving continuous, unmanned machining. Its routine operation follows standardized logic. When the CNC system receives a tool changing command from the machining program, it first controls the spindle to complete the current cutting action, move to the machine tool's preset tool changing position, and precisely position it, while simultaneously locking the spindle's rotation. Then, the tool magazine retrieves the target tool according to the command and moves it to the tool changing standby position. Simultaneously, the tool changing robot extends its clamping mechanism to remove the old tool from the spindle, then rotates to switch positions, precisely transferring the new tool from the tool magazine to the spindle's taper hole position. After the new tool is loaded into the spindle, the spindle's hydraulic or pneumatic clamping mechanism quickly clamps and secures the tool holder. The tool magazine and robot reset, the spindle restarts, and it enters the machining preparation state for the next station. The entire tool changing process is completed based on a preset program and is the foundation for the machine tool to achieve multi-process composite machining.

[0004] In actual production operations, metal milling machine tools suffer from tool changing posture deviation. Mechanical vibration, positioning errors, and clamping offsets generated by the tool changing robot during tool transfer, as well as dimensional tolerances, wear and deformation, and installation defects in the tool holder itself, and wear of the spindle taper hole, all directly lead to deviations in the tool's posture when it is loaded into the spindle. Currently, posture deviation problems cannot be detected and intervened in a timely manner during the tool changing process. Only after the workpiece has completed milling can subsequent precision inspection processes detect workpiece dimensional deviations and non-compliance with form and position tolerances, allowing for retrospective tracing back to the machining failure caused by tool changing posture deviation. This post-inspection method has a serious lag, which can easily lead to a large number of scrap products, production cycle delays, and increased production costs. It also exacerbates abnormal wear on the machine tool spindle and tools, shortening the service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts, including a housing.

[0007] A slide assembly is used to support and move metal parts.

[0008] The processing assembly includes a lifting slide rail and a drive mechanism that slides on the side wall of the lifting slide rail, with a main shaft connected to the bottom of the drive mechanism.

[0009] An attitude measuring component is installed inside the spindle body and is used to test tool attitude deviation. The attitude measuring component includes a first sleeve connected inside the spindle body and a first tapered hole opened at the bottom of the first sleeve. Four first grooves are opened around the inner sidewall of the first tapered hole. A first pressure block slides inside each first groove. A first displacement sensor is inclinedly arranged inside the first groove. The contact of the first displacement sensor is in contact with the sidewall of the first pressure block.

[0010] The gripping component is used to grip and change the tool.

[0011] Tool magazine assembly, used to hold the cutting tools.

[0012] An attitude determination component for offline testing of cutting tools.

[0013] The controller is used to control the tool posture detection and deviation traceability module, and to control the operation of the machining center and tool changes during machining.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that: a first inclined frame is installed inside each of the first grooves, and the first displacement sensor is obliquely installed on the first inclined frame; a first wedge-shaped portion is formed on the side wall of the first pressure block; the contact of the first displacement sensor is in contact with the side wall of the first wedge-shaped portion; a first sliding groove is obliquely formed on the side wall of each of the first grooves; a first slider is obliquely connected to the side wall of the first pressure block; and the first slider is inserted into the corresponding first sliding groove.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that: the slide assembly is installed inside the housing, the slide assembly includes a first electric slide rail installed inside the housing and a second electric slide rail slidably connected to the top of the first electric slide rail, the first electric slide rail and the second electric slide rail being arranged alternately.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that: the gripping component includes a cover, the cover is installed on one side of the lifting slide rail, an adjusting cylinder is installed on the top of the cover, the piston rod of the adjusting cylinder extends into the interior of the cover and is connected to a drive motor, the drive motor slides inside the cover, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to a transfer mechanism.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that: the transfer mechanism includes a bidirectional telescopic cylinder, the output end of the drive motor is connected to the top of the bidirectional telescopic cylinder, both piston rods of the bidirectional telescopic cylinder are connected to a connecting plate, the end of the connecting plate is provided with a slot for gripping the tool, and a top-blade slider slides on the bottom of the connecting plate.

[0018] The present invention is further configured such that: a multi-stage drive cylinder is installed on the top of each of the connecting plates, the piston rod of the multi-stage drive cylinder passes through the connecting plate and is connected to a rotary motor, and the output end of the rotary motor is connected to a swing arm.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: one end of the swing arm is connected to a conical cylinder, and the bottom of the conical cylinder is provided with a conical constriction.

[0020] The invention is further configured such that: the tool magazine assembly includes a bracket, the bracket is installed on one side of the lifting slide rail and located on one side of the gripping assembly, a tool magazine turntable is installed on one side of the bracket, a tool magazine cover is fitted on one side of the tool magazine turntable, and a tool outlet is opened at the bottom of the outer side wall of the tool magazine cover.

[0021] The present invention is further configured such that: the attitude-fixing component includes a crossbeam installed on the inner side wall of the housing and a second sleeve inserted on the crossbeam, wherein a detection mechanism is installed inside the second sleeve.

[0022] The invention is further configured such that: the detection mechanism includes a second conical hole opened at the bottom of the inner sidewall of the crossbeam and four second grooves surrounding the inner sidewall of the second sleeve, a second pressure block sliding inside each second groove, a second inclined frame installed inside each second groove, a second displacement sensor obliquely installed on the second inclined frame, a second wedge-shaped portion opened on the sidewall of the second pressure block, the contact of the second displacement sensor fitting with the second wedge-shaped portion, a second sliding groove obliquely opened on the sidewall of the second groove, a second slider obliquely connected to the sidewall of the second pressure block, and the second slider inserted into the corresponding second sliding groove.

[0023] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] (1) By setting an attitude measurement component in the spindle body, when the tool is inserted into the spindle body, the online real-time detection of the attitude deviation when the tool is loaded can be realized in the tool changing process. This solves the problem of lag in the traditional post-detection method, effectively reduces scrap output, avoids production cycle delay and production cost increase, and at the same time reduces abnormal wear of machine tool spindle and tool, and extends equipment service life.

[0025] (2) By setting an attitude-fixing component on the inner sidewall of the housing, the new tool can be offline attitude tested. Tools with qualified attitudes can be screened in advance, avoiding the impact on machining accuracy, damage to the tool or equipment failure caused by the tool's unqualified attitude after installation on the spindle. This makes up for the misjudgment defect that the attitude-measuring component may cause due to the wear of the spindle taper hole, improves the accuracy of tool attitude deviation judgment and traceability, and ensures machining quality and equipment operation safety.

[0026] (3) By optimizing the structure of the transfer mechanism, adding a cone cylinder for auxiliary calibration, and through the three-time insertion and removal traceability process of the new tool and the cross-inspection process of the old tool, the specific reasons for the tool posture deviation can be traced, avoiding blind investigation and reducing the cost of manual intervention. At the same time, the stability of the transfer mechanism in grasping and transferring the tool is improved, the accuracy of posture detection is guaranteed, and the equipment is guaranteed to operate stably. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view structure.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the processing component, gripping component, and tool magazine component in this invention.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below.

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial structural diagram.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the processing component in this invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main shaft structure in this invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main shaft in this invention.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main spindle and the attitude measuring component in this invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the attitude-fixing component in this invention.

[0037] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a localized explosion structure.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the transfer mechanism in this invention.

[0039] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below.

[0040] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the tool posture detection and deviation tracing module in this invention.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Outer casing;

[0042] 2. Slide assembly; 21. First electric slide rail; 22. Second electric slide rail;

[0043] 3. Machining components; 31. Lifting slide rail; 32. Drive mechanism; 33. Spindle body;

[0044] 4. Gripping component; 41. Cover; 42. Adjusting cylinder; 43. Drive motor;

[0045] 44. Transfer mechanism; 441. Bidirectional telescopic cylinder; 442. Connecting plate; 443. Top knife slider; 444. Multi-stage drive cylinder; 445. Rotary motor; 446. Swing rod; 447. Cone cylinder;

[0046] 5. Tool magazine assembly; 51. Support bracket; 52. Tool magazine cover; 53. Tool magazine turntable; 54. Tool exit port;

[0047] 6. Attitude measuring component; 61. First sleeve; 62. First conical hole; 63. First groove; 64. First pressure block; 65. Arc-shaped part; 66. First inclined frame; 67. First displacement sensor; 68. First slide groove; 69. First slider;

[0048] 7. Attitude fixing component; 71. Horizontal frame; 72. Second sleeve; 73. Detection mechanism; 731. Second conical hole; 732. Second groove; 733. Second pressure block; 734. Second slide rail; 735. Second inclined frame; 736. Second displacement sensor; 737. Second slider;

[0049] 8. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0050] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0051] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0052] Please see Figures 1-14The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0053] Example 1, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 A vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts includes a housing 1, which provides a mounting carrier and protection for the entire machining center. Inside the housing 1 is a slide assembly 2, used to support and move metal parts. The slide assembly 2 includes a first electric slide rail 21 mounted inside the housing 1 and a second electric slide rail 22 slidably connected to the top of the first electric slide rail 21. The first and second electric slide rails 21 and 22 are staggered. The first electric slide rail 21 provides a mounting carrier and sliding guide for the second electric slide rail 22. The second electric slide rail 22 slides along the first electric slide rail 21, enabling the metal part to move in one direction (e.g., the X-axis). Simultaneously, the metal part to be processed is placed on the second electric slide rail 22, and the second electric slide rail 22 moves, enabling the metal part to move in another direction (e.g., the Y-axis). Because the first and second electric slide rails 21 and 22 are staggered, their coordinated operation allows the metal part to be adjusted to any position in the horizontal plane, meeting the milling needs of metal parts of different positions and sizes.

[0054] See Figures 1-2 and Figure 6 A processing component 3 is installed on one side of the outer casing 1. The processing component 3 includes a lifting slide rail 31 and a drive mechanism 32 that slides on the side wall of the lifting slide rail 31. A spindle body 33 is connected to the bottom of the drive mechanism 32. The lifting slide rail 31 provides lifting guidance for the drive mechanism 32. The drive mechanism 32 can be a servo motor, which is not specifically limited here. The drive mechanism 32 slides along the lifting slide rail 31 to adjust the height, while driving the spindle body 33 at the bottom to rotate. The spindle body 33 drives the tool to rotate at high speed to realize the milling of the metal part.

[0055] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A gripping assembly 4 is installed on the side wall of the outer casing 1 and on one side of the lifting slide rail 31. The gripping assembly 4 is used to grip and change the tool. The specific structure of the gripping assembly 4 is as follows:

[0056] See Figures 2-5The gripping component 4 includes a cover 41, which is installed on one side of the lifting slide rail 31. An adjusting cylinder 42 is installed on the top of the cover 41. The piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 42 extends into the interior of the cover 41 and is connected to a drive motor 43. The drive motor 43 slides inside the cover 41. The output end of the drive motor 43 is connected to a transfer mechanism 44. The adjusting cylinder 42, as a lifting drive component, can drive the drive motor 43 to slide along the interior of the cover 41, thereby adjusting the height of the drive motor 43 and the transfer mechanism 44 below. This adapts to the gripping needs of tools on spindles of different heights or tools in tool magazines. When the drive motor 43 is running, it drives the transfer mechanism 44 at the output end to rotate, adjusting the gripping angle of the transfer mechanism 44 to ensure that the transfer mechanism 44 can be aligned with the tool, providing angle adaptation for subsequent tool gripping and replacement.

[0057] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A tool magazine assembly 5 is installed on one side of the lifting slide rail 31. The gripping assembly 4 is located between the lifting slide rail 31 and the tool magazine assembly 5. The tool magazine assembly 5 is used to carry the tools. The specific structure of the tool magazine assembly 5 is as follows:

[0058] See Figures 1-4 The tool magazine assembly 5 includes a bracket 51, which is mounted on one side of the lifting slide rail 31 and located on one side of the gripping assembly 4. A tool magazine turntable 53 is mounted on one side of the bracket 51, and a tool magazine cover 52 is fitted on one side of the tool magazine turntable 53. A tool outlet 54 is opened at the bottom of the outer side wall of the tool magazine cover 52. The side wall of the tool magazine turntable 53 is used to support multiple tools, that is, multiple sets of tool holders are hinged to the side wall of the tool magazine turntable 53, and a torsion spring is installed at the hinge point. A drive cylinder is installed on the side of the tool magazine cover 52. This drive cylinder drives the tool holder to swing vertically downward through the tool outlet 54. The gripping assembly 4 can grip the tool on the tool magazine turntable 53 through the tool outlet 54, or put the replaced tool back on the corresponding tool holder on the side wall of the tool magazine turntable 53. After the tool is gripped or released, the torsion spring drives the tool holder to reset and retract into the tool magazine cover 52.

[0059] Example 2: In actual production operations, metal milling machine tools suffer from tool changing posture deviation. Mechanical vibrations, positioning errors, and clamping offsets generated by the tool-changing robot during tool transfer, along with dimensional tolerances, wear and deformation, installation defects in the tool holder itself, and wear on the spindle taper hole, all directly lead to deviations in the tool's posture when loaded into the spindle. Currently, posture deviations cannot be detected and addressed in a timely manner during tool changing. Only after the workpiece has completed milling, through subsequent precision inspection, can issues such as workpiece dimensional deviations and non-compliance with form and position tolerances be identified, allowing for retrospective tracing back to the machining failure caused by tool changing posture deviations. This post-inspection method suffers from severe lag, easily leading to a large number of scrap products, production delays, and increased production costs. It also exacerbates abnormal wear on the machine tool spindle and tools, shortening the equipment's lifespan.

[0060] For this purpose, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 An attitude measurement component 6 is installed inside the spindle body 33 to test tool attitude deviation. A controller 8 is installed on the side wall of the housing 1. The controller 8 is used to control the overall operation of the machining center and to receive data from the attitude measurement component 6 on the tool. The specific structure of the attitude measurement component 6 is as follows:

[0061] The attitude measuring component 6 includes a first sleeve 61 connected inside the spindle body 33 and a first conical hole 62 opened at the bottom of the first sleeve 61. The inner sidewall of the first conical hole 62 is surrounded by four first grooves 63. A first pressure block 64 slides inside each first groove 63. An arc-shaped part 65 is opened at the bottom of the first pressure block 64. The arc-shaped part 65 is used to guide the tool. A first displacement sensor 67 is inclinedly arranged inside the first groove 63. A first inclined bracket 66 is installed inside each first groove 63. The first displacement sensor 67 is inclinedly installed on the first inclined bracket 66. A first wedge-shaped part is opened on the sidewall of the first pressure block 64. The contact of the first displacement sensor 67 is in contact with the sidewall of the first wedge-shaped part. A first sliding groove 68 is inclinedly opened on the sidewall of each first groove 63. A first slider 69 is inclinedly connected to the sidewall of the first pressure block 64. The first slider 69 is inserted into the corresponding first sliding groove 68.

[0062] The gripping component 4 grips the new tool delivered from the tool magazine component 5 and transfers it to the bottom of the spindle body 33 by rotation. The end of the new tool is inserted into the first tapered hole 62 at the bottom of the first sleeve 61. The side wall of the tool is attached to the four first pressure blocks 64 and pushes the first pressure blocks 64 to slide along the first groove 63. Since the first displacement sensor 67 is tilted and its contact is attached to the side wall of the first pressure block 64, the sliding of the first pressure block 64 will push the displacement sensor contact to produce displacement. The four first displacement sensors 67 transmit signals to the controller 8. The controller 8 is configured with the ideal value after the new tool is inserted into the first tapered hole 62. The controller 8 judges the tool posture deviation by comparing the signal values ​​of the four displacement sensors with the ideal value.

[0063] If the signal value is equal to the ideal value, it means that the new tool has no attitude deviation.

[0064] If the signal value is less than the ideal value, it indicates that there is a protrusion posture deviation on the surface of the new tool, and the protrusion deviation is located at the position that fits with the first tapered hole 62.

[0065] If the signal value is greater than the ideal value, it indicates that there is a protrusion posture deviation on the surface of the new tool, and the protrusion deviation is located at the position that fits with the corresponding first pressure block 64.

[0066] Under the control of the controller 8, if the new tool has no posture deviation, the gripping component 4 will grip the new tool in the tool magazine component 5 and install it into the spindle body 33. If the new tool has posture deviation, the gripping component 4 will put the new tool back into the tool magazine and provide alarm feedback through the controller 8 to remind the staff to replace the new tool.

[0067] In Example 3, although the attitude measurement component 6 can determine the attitude deviation on the surface of the new tool, if the first tapered hole 62 in the spindle body 33 also has wear defects, it may also misjudge that the new tool has an attitude deviation.

[0068] To further improve the accuracy of attitude deviation and tracing, refer to Figure 5 An attitude-fixing component 7 is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell 1. The attitude-fixing component 7 is used for offline testing of new tools, detecting the attitude of the new tool in advance, and avoiding the impact of unqualified new tools on machining accuracy after installation. The specific structure of the attitude-fixing component 7 is as follows:

[0069] See Figure 10 and Figure 11 The attitude-fixing component 7 includes a crossbeam 71 installed on the inner wall of the housing 1 and a second sleeve 72 inserted into the crossbeam 71. A detection mechanism 73 is installed inside the second sleeve 72. The crossbeam 71 provides a mounting carrier for the second sleeve 72. The detection mechanism 73 installed inside the second sleeve 72 is used for offline tool testing. When the machine tool is in milling mode, the controller 8 can take out the next new tool to be used in advance, grab it with the gripping component 4 and transfer it to the bottom of the detection mechanism 73. The new tool is inserted into the second sleeve 72 for offline testing. The detection mechanism 73 detects the attitude deviation of the new tool and selects qualified tools to avoid installing new tools with unqualified attitudes onto the spindle body 33, which would lead to a decrease in machining accuracy, tool damage or equipment failure, thus ensuring machining quality and equipment safety.

[0070] See Figure 10 and Figure 11 The specific structure of testing agency 73 is as follows:

[0071] The detection mechanism 73 includes a second conical hole 731 opened at the bottom of the inner sidewall of the crossbeam 71 and four second grooves 732 surrounding the inner sidewall of the second sleeve 72. A second pressure block 733 slides inside each second groove 732. A second inclined frame 735 is installed inside each second groove 732. A second displacement sensor 736 is inclinedly installed on the second inclined frame 735. A second wedge-shaped part is opened on the sidewall of the second pressure block 733. The contact of the second displacement sensor 736 is in contact with the second wedge-shaped part. A second sliding groove 734 is inclinedly opened on the sidewall of the second groove 732. A second slider 737 is inclinedly connected to the sidewall of the second pressure block 733. The second slider 737 is inserted into the corresponding second sliding groove 734.

[0072] The second tapered hole 731 is used to position the end of the tool. When the new tool is inserted into the second sleeve 72, the end of the new tool is inserted into the second tapered hole 731 to achieve the initial positioning of the new tool. During the insertion process, the tapered surface of the outer wall of the new tool presses against the four second pressure blocks 733 on the inner side wall of the second sleeve 72. The second pressure blocks 733 can slide along the corresponding second grooves 732. The sliding of the second pressure blocks 733 pushes the contact of the second displacement sensor 736 to generate displacement. The second displacement sensor 736 transmits the signal to the controller 8. The controller 8 judges the posture deviation of the new tool in offline testing based on the signal values ​​of the four displacement sensors, completes the offline posture detection of the tool, and screens out qualified tools to avoid installing new tools with unqualified postures onto the spindle body 33, which would lead to a decrease in machining accuracy, tool damage or equipment failure, and ensure machining quality and equipment safety.

[0073] The second slider 737 on the side wall of the second pressure block 733 is inserted into the second slide groove 734 to guide the sliding of the second pressure block 733, restrict its sliding direction, prevent the second pressure block 733 from deviating or getting stuck, and ensure that the four second pressure blocks 733 respond synchronously to the tool posture change, thereby improving the accuracy of offline detection. When a new tool is taken out from the second tapered hole 731, the second pressure block 733 slides out from the corresponding second groove 732 under the influence of its own gravity and the pushing effect of the second displacement sensor 736, and the sliding direction is the direction of the second slider 737 and the second slide groove 734.

[0074] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The specific structure of the transfer mechanism 44 is as follows:

[0075] The transfer mechanism 44 includes a bidirectional telescopic cylinder 441. The output end of the drive motor 43 is connected to the top of the bidirectional telescopic cylinder 441. Both piston rods of the bidirectional telescopic cylinder 441 are connected to connecting plates 442. The end of the connecting plate 442 is provided with a slot for gripping a tool. When a tool needs to be gripped, the drive motor 43 and the transfer mechanism 44 are first moved downward as a whole by adjusting the hydraulic cylinder 42. Then, the drive motor 43 drives the transfer mechanism 44 to rotate, causing the slot of one of the connecting plates 442 to be transferred to below the tool outlet 54 of the tool magazine assembly 5, and the new tool is gripped in the slot. A slot is provided below 442, and a spring and a tool ejector slider 443 are installed inside the slot. When a new tool is inserted into the slot, it will first compress the tool ejector slider 443. The tool ejector slider 443 will then compress the spring and retract into the slot. After the new tool is engaged, the spring will push the tool ejector slider 443 against the outer wall of the new tool, thereby assisting in positioning the new tool. Conversely, when the new tool needs to be removed from the slot, the new tool will be restricted by the spindle body 33. Then the connecting plate 442 will rotate, and the new tool will compress the tool ejector slider 443 in the opposite direction. The tool ejector slider 443 will slide back into the slot, thereby allowing the new tool to be removed from the slot.

[0076] Each connecting plate 442 is equipped with a multi-stage drive cylinder 444 on its top. The piston rod of the multi-stage drive cylinder 444 passes through the connecting plate 442 and is connected to a rotary motor 445. The output end of the rotary motor 445 is connected to a rocker arm 446. One end of the rocker arm 446 is connected to a cone 447. The bottom of the cone 447 is provided with a tapered constriction. When a new tool is stuck in the slot, the multi-stage drive cylinder 444 drives the rotary motor 445, the rocker arm 446 and the cone 447 to move downward as a whole. Then, the rotary motor 445 drives the rocker arm 446 and the cone 447 to move, so that the cone 447 moves under the new tool. Then, the multi-stage drive cylinder 444 retracts, causing the bottom of the new tool to be inserted into the cone 447, thereby realizing the auxiliary calibration of the new tool.

[0077] During the tool transfer process, since milling is performed simultaneously, in order to avoid interference between the transfer mechanism 44 and the milling, the bidirectional telescopic cylinder 441 can control the position of the corresponding connecting plate 442 to avoid interference.

[0078] In order to further trace the source of the new tool's attitude deviation during offline testing, the new tool needs to be inserted and removed three times inside the second tapered hole 731.

[0079] The first insertion and removal is the basic insertion and removal, that is, after the transfer mechanism 44 grabs the new tool, the new tool is inserted into the second conical hole 731 and squeezes the second pressure block 733. The second displacement sensor 736 measures the first insertion and removal posture deviation data, which can determine whether there is a posture deviation.

[0080] If there is no attitude deviation, you can simply wait to use it.

[0081] If there is a deviation in posture, a second and third insertion / removal operation will be performed.

[0082] The second insertion and removal is an auxiliary insertion and removal. After the new tool is pulled out from the second tapered hole 731, the tapered cylinder 447 of the transfer mechanism 44 is used to assist in the calibration of the new tool, so as to avoid the influence of the deviation data on the posture problem when the tool is clamped. The second displacement sensor 736 measures the posture deviation data of the second insertion and removal.

[0083] If the first insertion / removal posture deviation data shows a deviation, but the second insertion / removal posture deviation data returns to normal, then tracing back to the source indicates that there was a deviation in the posture when the new tool was engaged in the slot on the connecting plate 442. An alarm will be triggered to remind the staff to replace it.

[0084] If the first insertion / removal posture deviation data is the same as the second insertion / removal posture deviation data, then a third insertion / removal operation will be performed.

[0085] The third insertion / extraction is a fixed-position insertion / extraction. The new tool performs the third insertion / extraction using the state of the second insertion / extraction. The second displacement sensor 736 measures the posture deviation data of the third insertion / extraction.

[0086] Combining the insertion and removal posture deviation data from the second and third insertion and removal posture deviation data, it can be determined that the problem lies with the tool holder of the new tool or the second taper hole 731. However, since the second taper hole 731 is used to test whether the new tool is qualified, the second taper hole 731 is not deviated. At this point, it can be traced back to determine that the problem lies with the tool holder of the new tool. An alarm can be triggered directly to remind the staff to replace it.

[0087] In addition, if the new tool does not show any attitude deviation problem when tested on the attitude fixing component 7, and the data measured by the attitude measuring component 6 shows a deviation when the transfer mechanism 44 inserts the new tool into the spindle body 33, it indicates that there is a problem with the first tapered hole 62 inside the spindle body 33. An alarm will be triggered to remind the staff to replace it.

[0088] Furthermore, for the disassembled old tools, we will trace back to whether there were any problems with the old tools during use.

[0089] When the old tool is inside the spindle body 33, the attitude measuring component 6 measures the first set of old tool attitude deviation data. Then, the old tool is transferred to the attitude fixing component 7 by the transfer mechanism 44 and inserted and removed once, and the second set of old tool attitude deviation data is measured. If there is a difference in the data, it indicates that the old tool or the spindle body 33 has a defect or problem. The old tool can be traced back to its source by performing the same insertion and removal operation on the new tool. The spindle problem can be investigated by removing the old tool and replacing it with a new tool.

[0090] Example 5, see Figure 14 The vertical machining center for the above-mentioned metal part milling composite machining is implemented by the tool attitude detection and deviation traceability module. That is, this tool attitude detection and deviation traceability module is built into the controller 8. The tool attitude detection and deviation traceability module operates through the tool attitude detection and deviation traceability method. This method includes the cycle of tool taking out of the tool magazine, offline detection, spindle installation, and disassembly after use. It is coordinated by the controller 8 and makes decisions and alarms based on the data of online detection by the attitude measuring component 6 and offline detection by the attitude fixing component 7.

[0091] The core judgment criteria (displacement sensor measurement values) are shown in Table 1:

[0092] Table 1: Attitude Deviation Data Range Table

[0093]

[0094] The tool attitude detection and deviation tracing method includes the following steps:

[0095] S1. Offline detection before new tools are put into use.

[0096] The more specific steps of S1 are as follows:

[0097] S11. Basic insertion and extraction detection: The grasping component 4 takes out a new tool from the tool magazine and inserts it into the second taper hole 731 of the posture positioning component 7, and records the data of the four second displacement sensors 736.

[0098] If all four data are 2 mm, the new tool is qualified and enters the standby state. If any of the data is not within the qualified range, it is recorded as the first insertion and extraction posture deviation data and enters the next step.

[0099] S12. Auxiliary insertion and extraction detection: The tapered cylinder 447 of the transfer mechanism 44 performs auxiliary calibration on the tool, inserts it into the second taper hole 731 again, and records the second insertion and extraction posture deviation data.

[0100] If the data returns to 2 mm, it means that there is a problem with the clamping posture of the card slot, and an alarm is given to prompt inspection of the grasping mechanism.

[0101] If the data is the same as the first insertion and extraction posture deviation data, enter the next step.

[0102] S13. Posture positioning insertion and extraction detection: Keep the calibration state, perform the third insertion and extraction, and record the third insertion and extraction posture deviation data.

[0103] If the second insertion and extraction posture deviation data and the third insertion and extraction posture deviation data are consistent and both are in the deviation state, it is determined that there is a defect in the tool shank itself, and an alarm is given to prompt replacement of the tool.

[0104] If the data is inconsistent, perform a trend analysis by combining the three data. If it points to a tool problem, an alarm is given for replacement.

[0105] Through three insertions and extractions and data comparison in step S1, it is possible to distinguish whether it is a problem with the grasping posture of the transfer mechanism 44 or a problem with the tool itself. Only when all detections are qualified (2 mm), the new tool is allowed to be installed in the spindle body 33, and the protrusion deviation is 2 - 3 mm, and the protrusion deviation is at the position of the pressure block; the protrusion deviation is 1 - 2 mm, and the protrusion deviation is at the inner wall position of the second taper hole 731, the major defect is > 3 mm, and the protrusion deviation is at the position of the pressure block; the major defect is < 1 mm, and the protrusion deviation is at the inner wall position of the second taper hole 731.

[0106] S2. Online detection process when installing a new tool onto the spindle.

[0107] The more specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0108] S21. Online tool loading detection: The grasping component 4 inserts the tool that has passed the offline detection into the first taper hole 62 inside the spindle body 33, and the four first displacement sensors 67 collect online tool loading data in real time.

[0109] If the online tool setting data is all 2mm, the installation is normal and machining can begin.

[0110] If deviations occur, the causes of the defects can be further analyzed:

[0111] A protrusion deviation (2-3mm or 1-2mm) indicates that there is a local protrusion or positioning error in the contact area between the new tool and the first tapered hole 62. An alarm will be triggered and a prompt to check the wear of the tool or the spindle tapered hole. Among them, a protrusion deviation of 2-3mm indicates that the protrusion deviation is located at the pressure block position. Among them, a protrusion deviation of 1-2mm indicates that the protrusion deviation is located at the inner wall position of the first tapered hole 62.

[0112] Large defects (>3mm or <1mm) indicate serious misalignment, tool damage, or severe wear of the spindle taper hole. An alarm will sound immediately, and machining will be prohibited. Manual intervention is required.

[0113] Among them, the large defect is >3mm, and the protrusion deviation is located at the pressure block position; among them, the large defect is <1mm, and the protrusion deviation is located at the inner wall position of the first conical hole 62.

[0114] S3. Inspection and traceability process after disassembly of old cutting tools.

[0115] The more specific steps for S3 are as follows:

[0116] S31. Online detection of used tools: Before disassembly, the attitude measurement component 6 inside the spindle body 33 collects the first set of old tool attitude deviation data and records the real-time attitude of the tool after use as a reference for wear or deformation.

[0117] S32. Offline retesting of old tools: After disassembly, the old tool is moved to the attitude fixing component 7 for insertion and removal testing, and the second set of old tool attitude deviation data is collected.

[0118] If the first set of old tool posture deviation data is consistent with the second set of old tool posture deviation data, it indicates that the old tool is in a stable state.

[0119] If the first set of old tool posture deviation data and the second set of old tool posture deviation data are inconsistent, it indicates that the problem is caused by wear of the first tapered hole 62 or poor fit between the old tool and the first tapered hole 62. Further investigation is needed by combining the test results of the new tool.

[0120] S33, Cross-validation spindle status:

[0121] If the old tool passes offline inspection but fails online inspection, wear of the first tapered hole 62 is suspected.

[0122] If the online detection is still abnormal after replacing the tool, it is confirmed that the problem is with the first tapered hole 62, and an alarm is triggered to repair the first tapered hole 62.

[0123] If the new tool passes the online test, it means that the old tool itself is worn or deformed, so it should be recorded and scrapped.

[0124] Obviously, the embodiments described above are merely some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical machining center for combined milling and machining of metal parts, characterized in that: Including the outer casing (1); Slide assembly (2) is used to support moving metal parts; The processing component (3) includes a lifting slide rail (31) and a drive mechanism (32) that slides on the side wall of the lifting slide rail (31). The bottom of the drive mechanism (32) is connected to the main shaft (33). The attitude measuring component (6) is installed inside the spindle body (33) and is used to test the tool attitude deviation. The attitude measuring component (6) includes a first sleeve (61) connected inside the spindle body (33) and a first conical hole (62) opened at the bottom of the first sleeve (61). Four first grooves (63) are opened around the inner sidewall of the first conical hole (62). A first pressure block (64) slides inside each first groove (63). A first displacement sensor (67) is inclinedly arranged inside the first groove (63). The contact of the first displacement sensor (67) is in contact with the sidewall of the first pressure block (64). The gripping component (4) is used to grip and change the tool; Tool magazine assembly (5), used to carry tools; Attitude fixing component (7) is used for offline testing of the tool; The controller (8) is used to control the tool posture detection and deviation traceability module, and to control the operation of the machining center and tool replacement during the machining process; Each of the first grooves (63) has a first inclined bracket (66) installed inside. The first displacement sensor (67) is obliquely installed on the first inclined bracket (66). The side wall of the first pressure block (64) has a first wedge-shaped part. The contact of the first displacement sensor (67) is in contact with the side wall of the first wedge-shaped part. The side wall of each of the first grooves (63) has a first sliding groove (68) obliquely opened. The side wall of the first pressure block (64) is obliquely connected to the first slider (69). The first slider (69) is inserted into the corresponding first sliding groove (68). The attitude-fixing component (7) includes a crossbeam (71) installed on the inner wall of the housing (1) and a second sleeve (72) inserted on the crossbeam (71), wherein a detection mechanism (73) is installed inside the second sleeve (72). The detection mechanism (73) includes a second conical hole (731) opened at the bottom of the inner sidewall of the cross frame (71) and four second grooves (732) surrounding the inner sidewall of the second sleeve (72). A second pressure block (733) slides inside each second groove (732). A second inclined frame (735) is installed inside each second groove (732). A second displacement sensor (736) is installed obliquely on the second inclined frame (735). A second wedge-shaped part is opened on the sidewall of the second pressure block (733). The contact of the second displacement sensor (736) is in contact with the second wedge-shaped part. A second sliding groove (734) is opened obliquely on the sidewall of the second groove (732). A second slider (737) is obliquely connected to the sidewall of the second pressure block (733). The second slider (737) is inserted into the corresponding second sliding groove (734).

2. The vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide assembly (2) is installed inside the housing (1). The slide assembly (2) includes a first electric slide rail (21) installed inside the housing (1) and a second electric slide rail (22) slidably connected to the top of the first electric slide rail (21). The first electric slide rail (21) and the second electric slide rail (22) are arranged alternately.

3. The vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gripping component (4) includes a cover (41) which is mounted on one side of the lifting slide rail (31). An adjusting cylinder (42) is mounted on the top of the cover (41). The piston rod of the adjusting cylinder (42) extends into the interior of the cover (41) and is connected to a drive motor (43). The drive motor (43) slides inside the cover (41). The output end of the drive motor (43) is connected to a transfer mechanism (44).

4. The vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transfer mechanism (44) includes a bidirectional telescopic cylinder (441), the output end of the drive motor (43) is connected to the top of the bidirectional telescopic cylinder (441), the two piston rods of the bidirectional telescopic cylinder (441) are connected to a connecting plate (442), the end of the connecting plate (442) is provided with a slot for gripping the tool, and a top tool slider (443) slides on the bottom of the connecting plate (442).

5. The vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: A multi-stage drive cylinder (444) is installed on the top of each of the connecting plates (442). The piston rod of the multi-stage drive cylinder (444) passes through the connecting plate (442) and is connected to a rotary motor (445). The output end of the rotary motor (445) is connected to a rocker arm (446).

6. The vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the swing arm (446) is connected to the cone (447), and the bottom of the cone (447) is provided with a tapered constriction.

7. The vertical machining center for composite milling of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool magazine assembly (5) includes a bracket (51), which is mounted on one side of the lifting slide rail (31) and located on one side of the gripping assembly (4). A tool magazine turntable (53) is mounted on one side of the bracket (51), and a tool magazine cover (52) is fitted on one side of the tool magazine turntable (53). A tool outlet (54) is opened at the bottom of the outer side wall of the tool magazine cover (52).

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