Multi-machine parallel black-start DC confluence control integrated cabinet

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-machine parallel black-start direct current confluence control integrated cabinet, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The invention aims to solve the problems of large occupied area, difficulty in maintenance, black-start redundancy of multi-machine parallel connection and overheating of copper bars due to separated arrangement of a confluence cabinet and a control cabinet in the prior art. The integrated cabinet adopts an up-and-down subdivision structure, and an upper-layer power distribution area, a middle-layer isolating switch and fuse, a lower-layer copper bar and a transformer are sequentially arranged in the integrated cabinet along the vertical direction; radiating fins are integrally arranged at the lap joint of the lower-layer copper bars and the copper bars in the transformer, an automatic change-over switch and the like are integrated in an upper-layer power distribution area, a middle-layer isolating switch and a fuse are integrated with a fuse, an isolating switch and the like, and a cabinet door is integrated with an energy management system; the system is also provided with a centralized multi-machine parallel black-start system. According to the invention, convergence and control integration is realized, the occupied area is reduced, the maintenance difficulty is reduced, redundant configuration is avoided through centralized black start, and the system adapts to various severe environments and is suitable for convergence, control and black start integration scenes of an energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a DC combiner control cabinet for multi-unit parallel black start, which is particularly suitable for integrated application scenarios of combiner, control and black start in energy storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage technology is developing rapidly. Key equipment in energy storage systems includes control cabinets, combiner cabinets, and PCS (energy storage converters). Existing energy storage products generally adopt a scheme where the combiner cabinet and control cabinet are set up separately.

[0003] The aforementioned discrete solution has several drawbacks: First, the arrangement of independent equipment results in a large footprint for the energy storage system, increasing site construction costs. Second, decentralized control leads to low system integration and dispersed failure points, significantly increasing the complexity and difficulty of system maintenance. Third, the mainstream black-start solution for energy storage cabinets involves installing a UPS or DC / DC switching power supply (converting DC1500V to DC24V) in a single cabinet's high-voltage box. When multiple units are connected in parallel, the parallel output of multiple switching power supplies is prone to voltage inconsistencies, and there is configuration redundancy, which not only reduces the safety of equipment operation but also significantly increases equipment costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can integrate merging and control and solve the black-start redundancy problem of multi-machine parallel operation, so as to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a DC busbar control cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start, which adopts an integrated cabinet design.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A multi-machine parallel black-start DC combiner control cabinet includes a cabinet with an upper and lower compartment structure. The cabinet is arranged vertically in the following order: power distribution area, combiner area, and control area. The combiner area contains copper busbars, fuses, and disconnect switches. The control area contains an energy management system. The power distribution area contains transformers and automatic transfer switches. Based on the spatial gradient of the upper and lower compartments, the energy management system collects operating parameters, identifies the phase of the operating condition, calibrates differentiated timing references, and regulates the operation of each component in the order of combiner area, control area, and power distribution area to achieve operating condition adaptation.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the operating condition adaptation process is as follows: 1) Operating condition phase identification: The energy management system collects operating parameters such as copper bus current, supply voltage, and grid connection status signals in real time to identify the current operating phase, which includes at least four core phases: black start phase, black start stable phase, grid connection load fluctuation phase, and grid connection stable phase; 2) Phase spatial timing calibration: Based on the vertical spacing between the upper and lower compartments, differentiated timing references are calibrated for the core requirements of different phases; 3) Phase component coupling acquisition: Parameters of each area are collected sequentially according to the calibrated timing references; 4) Phase component dynamic execution: Action commands are issued according to the timing sequence of the busbar component response, control area command optimization, and distribution area component adaptation; 5) Phase feedback optimization: A fully closed-loop coupling coordination is formed.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment: the starting phase, i.e. the black start phase, adopts a fast response timing sequence; the stable phase, i.e. the black start stable phase and the grid-connected stable phase, adopts a balanced response timing sequence; and the fluctuating phase, i.e. the grid-connected load fluctuating phase, adopts a predictive response timing sequence. The exclusive gradient thresholds for each phase include the warning temperature gradient of 50°C and the alarm temperature of 60°C in the busbar area, the warning fluctuation of ±2% and the alarm temperature of ±5% in the distribution area voltage gradient, and the warning temperature of 1MΩ and the alarm temperature of 0.5MΩ in the insulation resistance gradient.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment: the cabinet is made of IP55 protection rating and C3-M material; the top of the cabinet is equipped with an insulation layer and the bottom is equipped with thermal insulation material; the front panel of the cabinet is equipped with operation indicator lights, fault indicator lights, embedded emergency stop button, IP55 filter, fan and air conditioner; the upper side panel of the cabinet integrates a communication module, and the cabinet door integrates an energy management system and operation buttons; the junction area is also equipped with a temperature measuring device, a wireless temperature transceiver device and an insulation detection device, and the copper busbar overlap is integrated with heat dissipation fins.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment: the temperature measuring device is installed at each phase copper busbar and the copper busbar overlapping fixing bolts, and the wireless temperature transceiver is installed in the combiner area; the external DC battery cabinet is connected to the fuse through the copper busbar, the fuse is connected to the disconnect switch, and the output terminal of the disconnect switch is connected to the energy storage converter; the external AC 480V power access terminal is connected to the transformer, and the AC DC module inside the cabinet is connected to the automatic transfer switch.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment: the heat dissipation fins are evenly distributed along the width of the copper busbar, the fin height is 15-30mm, and the spacing between adjacent fins is 8-12mm; a circuit breaker is provided in the busbar area, and the circuit breaker replaces the disconnecting switch and fuse.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment: the control area is also equipped with an RS485 server, signal and RS surge protector, and IO to Ethernet module; the external energy storage cabinet is connected to the battery management system inside the cabinet via a CAN communication line; the external gateway meter and network port meter are connected to the energy management system via an RS485 communication line.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a multi-unit parallel black start system, which includes a DC-DC converter and a diode redundancy module. When multiple energy storage cabinets are connected in parallel, their DC side is connected in parallel with the DC input copper busbar of the combiner cabinet. The DC input copper busbar of each energy storage cabinet's high-voltage box is connected to the DC-DC converter through a fuse, and the output end of the DC-DC converter is connected to an automatic transfer switch. The main controller of the battery management system and the secondary controller of the battery management system are both connected to the automatic transfer switch.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment: a relay is provided on the output circuit of the DC converter inside the energy storage cabinet; each energy storage cabinet is equipped with a corresponding circuit breaker.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment: a surge protector and a surge back-end protector are also installed in the power distribution area, and the contacts of the surge back-end protector are connected in series to the energy management system; a temperature and humidity controller is installed inside the cabinet, and the temperature and humidity controller is electrically connected to the dehumidifier, heater and air conditioner respectively.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High degree of integration: The busbars (copper busbars, transformers, etc.), control-related actuators (switches, surge protectors, etc.), and power distribution equipment (automatic transfer switches, miniature circuit breakers, etc.) are integrated into the lower copper busbars and transformers and the upper power distribution area, respectively. The middle layer disconnect switches and fuses integrate the core on / off protection components, and the cabinet doors integrate the control core (energy management system). This solves the problems of large footprint and low integration in traditional separate layouts, significantly reducing the system footprint and lowering site construction costs. At the same time, it simplifies the system structure, reduces failure points, lowers maintenance difficulty, and improves system operational stability.

[0017] 2. Optimized black start solution: By integrating black start switching and power supply circuits within the cabinet, centralized black start power supply is achieved when multiple units are connected in parallel. This avoids voltage inconsistencies and configuration redundancy issues caused by configuring UPS or DC / DC switching power supplies in a single cabinet, improves equipment operation safety, and reduces the number of devices and costs.

[0018] 3. Highly Efficient and Safe Heat Dissipation + Innovative Operating Condition Adaptation: Integrated heat dissipation fins are incorporated at the junctions of the lower copper busbar and the transformer's inner copper busbar. These fins are evenly distributed along the width of the copper busbar, with a height of 15-30mm and a spacing of 8-12mm between adjacent fins. This directly targets the core areas where heat accumulates, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency. Combined with an energy management system-led operating condition adaptation process, this achieves outstanding technical results: ① Precise phase adaptation across all operating conditions (breaking through the limitations of static adaptation, dynamically adjusting response logic to meet the core needs of different operating stages such as black start and grid connection); ② Maximized heat dissipation efficiency (heat dissipation fins, fans / air conditioners, and insulation layers work in phase coordination, enhancing heat dissipation during startup and balancing insulation and heat dissipation during stable operation). ① Improved thermal efficiency; ② Extremely reduced electromagnetic interference (power supply and signal links are protected by a dual approach of "phase staggered operation + spatial gradient" to reduce link conflicts); ③ Early prevention of fault risks (phase identification predicts potential faults and adjusts component response timing in advance, reducing the failure rate); ④ Improved adaptability to extreme operating conditions (dynamically adjusting response strategies based on insulation layer effects under extreme high / low temperature environments to avoid frequent equipment start-ups and shutdowns); ⑤ Precise energy consumption control (adapting equipment operating power according to phase requirements, reducing ineffective energy consumption). This adaptation logic breaks through the industry's conventional design thinking of "emphasizing function implementation and neglecting phase adaptation," demonstrating outstanding creativity and significantly improving the system's operational safety, economy, and full-cycle adaptability.

[0019] 4. Reasonable layout: The structure adopts an upper-lower compartment with separate AC and DC power distribution, consisting of "upper-level power distribution area - middle-level disconnect switches and fuses - lower-level copper busbars and transformers", which reduces EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) interference; the cabinet adopts IP55 protection level and thermal insulation design, which is suitable for a variety of harsh operating environments and improves the applicability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This invention relates to a front structural schematic diagram of a DC busbar control integrated cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start.

[0021] Figure 2 This invention relates to a side structural schematic diagram of a DC busbar control integrated cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start.

[0022] Figure 3 This invention relates to a partial structural schematic diagram of a DC busbar control integrated cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start.

[0023] Figure 4 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the copper busbars and fins of a DC busbar control integrated cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start.

[0024] Figure 5 This invention relates to the power primary circuit diagram of a multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet.

[0025] Figure 6 This invention relates to a system communication topology diagram of a multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet.

[0026] Cabinet 1; Upper power distribution area 2; Middle disconnect switch and fuse 3; Lower copper busbar and transformer 4; Cabinet door 5; Copper busbar 6; Fins 7. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a multi-machine parallel black-start DC busbar control integrated cabinet includes a cabinet 1. The cabinet 1 is an integrated structure for busbar and control, adopting an upper and lower compartment structure, and is arranged vertically as follows: upper power distribution area 2, middle layer disconnecting switch and fuse 3, and lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4; the upper side panel integrates a communication module; the cabinet door 5 integrates an energy management system, operation buttons and indicator lights; the middle layer disconnecting switch and fuse 3 contains fuses and disconnecting switches; the lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4 contains copper busbar 6 and transformer; the upper power distribution area 2 contains an automatic transfer switch and a miniature circuit breaker; external DC power... The tank cabinet is connected to the fuse via copper busbar 6, the fuse is connected to the disconnect switch, and the output of the disconnect switch is connected to the energy storage converter; the external 480V AC power input terminal is connected to the transformer; the AC / DC module inside the cabinet is connected to the automatic transfer switch; the energy management system, based on the spatial gradient of the upper and lower compartments, collects operating parameters to identify the phase of the operating condition, calibrates the differentiated timing reference, and regulates the operation of each component in the order of the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse 3, the upper layer power distribution area 2, and the lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4 to achieve operating condition adaptation, forming a closed-loop control mechanism of phase identification, dynamic timing adjustment, and component collaborative adaptation. During operation, the system is first started via the operation button on cabinet door 5. The energy management system then initializes and completes self-testing through the communication module. The DC power from the external DC battery cabinet is transmitted to the middle layer fuse via the lower copper busbar 6. When the current is within the rated range, the fuse remains conductive; when the current exceeds the overload threshold, the fuse blows for protection. The isolating switch closes after receiving the closing command from the energy management system, stably transmitting the DC power to the energy storage converter. The external AC 480V power is converted by the transformer to power the equipment inside the cabinet. The AC-DC module inside the cabinet converts AC 220V to DC 24V and connects to the automatic transfer switch in the upper power distribution area 2. When the mains power is interrupted, the automatic transfer switch quickly switches to the backup power circuit. The energy management system collects parameters from each area in real time and dynamically adjusts the actions of each component, realizing integrated operation of current collection and control. This significantly reduces the system's footprint, greatly simplifies maintenance procedures, and significantly improves the stability and energy efficiency of the system throughout its entire operating cycle, enhancing its adaptability to extreme operating conditions.

[0030] The specific process of adapting to operating conditions is as follows: 1) Operating condition phase identification: The energy management system collects operating parameters such as copper busbar current, supply voltage, and grid connection status signals in real time to identify the current operating phase, which includes at least four core phases: black start phase, black start stable phase, grid-connected load fluctuation phase, and grid-connected stable phase; 2) Phase spatial timing calibration: Based on the vertical spacing between the upper and lower compartments, differentiated timing benchmarks are calibrated according to the core requirements of different phases. The start-up phase adopts a fast response timing, the stable phase adopts a balanced response timing, and the fluctuating phase adopts a predictive response timing. ;3) Phase component coupling acquisition: Collect parameters of each area sequentially according to the calibrated timing reference. The temperature and current parameters of the copper busbar 6 near the heat sink fins 7 are collected first from the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse 3. External metering data and insulation test data are collected from the upper layer power distribution area 2. The power supply voltage parameters of the lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4 are fed back. ;4) Phase component dynamic execution: Action commands are issued according to the timing sequence of the response of the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse 3, the instruction optimization of the upper layer power distribution area 2, and the adaptation of the lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4. ;5) Phase feedback optimization: Form a fully closed-loop coupling coordination. During operation, the energy management system executes the above steps cyclically, collecting parameters such as the current of copper busbar 6, supply voltage, and grid-connected switch status in real time, and identifying the current phase type through a built-in algorithm. For black-start phases, the system calibrates the fast response sequence of components and prioritizes collecting the current parameters of the middle-layer copper busbar 6. For grid-connected load fluctuation phases, the system calibrates the predictive response sequence of components and collects voltage fluctuation data of the upper-layer distribution area 2 in advance. After collection, instructions are issued in the order of middle-layer components acting first, upper-layer instructions being optimized, and lower-layer components adapting last. For example, after the middle-layer isolating switch adjusts the on / off amplitude according to the current parameters, the upper-layer automatic transfer switch optimizes the supply parameters, and the lower-layer transformer adapts the output voltage accordingly. After each component acts, it provides real-time feedback on status data. The energy management system compares the deviation with the preset parameters. When the deviation exceeds the reasonable range, the instructions are readjusted to achieve accurate adaptation under all operating conditions, effectively reducing the link conflict rate and significantly reducing the probability of failure.

[0031] The starting phase, i.e. the black start phase, adopts a fast response timing sequence; the stable phase, i.e. the black start stable phase and the grid-connected stable phase, adopts a balanced response timing sequence; the fluctuating phase, i.e. the grid-connected load fluctuating phase, adopts a predictive response timing sequence; the exclusive gradient thresholds for each phase include the temperature gradient near the middle layer disconnecting switch and fuse 3 (warning 50℃, alarm 60℃), the voltage gradient of the upper layer distribution area 2 (warning fluctuation ±2%, alarm ±5%), and the insulation resistance gradient (warning 1MΩ, alarm 0.5MΩ). During operation, the energy management system identifies the current phase type through the parameter acquisition module, automatically calls the corresponding time-series parameter library, and simultaneously compares the acquired parameters of each area with the dedicated gradient threshold in real time. When the temperature of the middle layer copper busbar 6 reaches the warning threshold, the system immediately issues a fan start command to control the fan operation for pre-processing. When the temperature rises to the alarm threshold, the system immediately triggers the isolating switch current limiting command and controls the air conditioner to start full-scale heat dissipation. When the voltage fluctuation of the upper layer power distribution area 2 reaches the warning threshold, the automatic transfer switch adjusts the power supply parameters in advance. When the fluctuation exceeds the alarm threshold, the corresponding branch circuit is cut off and an audible and visual alarm is issued. When the insulation resistance drops to the warning threshold, the system prompts an insulation check. When it drops to the alarm threshold, the main power supply is immediately cut off to ensure that the components in each phase respond promptly and accurately, avoid potential safety hazards in advance, shorten system downtime due to failure, and reduce failure losses.

[0032] Cabinet 1 is made of IP55 protection and C3M material; the top of cabinet 1 is equipped with an insulation layer and the bottom is equipped with thermal insulation material; the front panel of cabinet 1 is equipped with operation indicator lights, fault indicator lights, embedded emergency stop buttons, IP55 filter, fan and air conditioner; the fault indicator lights and the indicator lights integrated with the cabinet door 5 are the same set of status indicator components, and the operation buttons include emergency stop related control functions; the middle layer isolating switch and fuse 3 are also equipped with temperature measuring devices and wireless temperature transceivers, and the lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4 are equipped with insulation detection devices on the busbar 6; the lower layer copper busbar and transformer 4 are equipped with heat dissipation fins 7 integrated at the joint of the copper busbar 6. During operation, the IP55 protective structure prevents external dust and solid foreign objects from intruding and isolates it from the effects of water vapor such as rain. The insulation layer and bottom insulation material ensure that the temperature inside the cabinet remains within a suitable range even in extreme external environments. The temperature and humidity controller collects the temperature and humidity inside the cabinet in real time. When the humidity is too high, the dehumidifier is activated; when the temperature is too high, the fan and air conditioner are activated sequentially; when the temperature is too low, the heater is activated. The temperature measuring device collects the temperature of the copper busbar 6 in real time, and the wireless temperature transceiver transmits the data to the energy management system. The insulation detection device periodically checks the insulation resistance of the copper busbar 6. A solid green indicator light indicates normal operation, while a flashing red indicator light indicates a fault. Maintenance personnel can quickly determine the equipment status through the indicator lights. In an emergency, pressing the embedded emergency stop button can quickly cut off all power circuits, effectively improving the equipment's adaptability to harsh environments, reducing the risk of failures caused by environmental factors, and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0033] Temperature measuring devices are installed at the connecting section of each phase copper busbar 6 extending to the middle layer and at the overlapping fixing bolts of copper busbar 6. Wireless temperature transceivers are installed inside the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse 3. The external DC battery cabinet is connected to the fuse through copper busbar 6, the fuse is connected to the disconnect switch, and the output of the disconnect switch is connected to the energy storage converter. The external AC 480V power input terminal is connected to the transformer, and the AC-DC module inside the cabinet is connected to the automatic transfer switch. During operation, the temperature measuring devices installed at the connecting sections and fixing bolts of copper busbar 6 directly contact the surface of copper busbar 6, accurately collecting temperature data and transmitting it to the energy management system via a wireless temperature transceiver. The DC power output from the external DC battery cabinet is transmitted to the middle layer fuse via the lower copper busbar 6. The rated current of the fuse is set according to system requirements, and it blows when the current exceeds the rated range. The disconnecting switch closes quickly after receiving the closing command from the energy management system, transmitting DC power to the energy storage converter, and disconnects quickly after receiving the opening command. External AC 480V power is connected to the transformer input terminal, and after being stepped down and converted by the transformer, it is output. The AC-DC module inside the cabinet is connected to the converted power supply, which is then converted to DC 24V and connected to the automatic transfer switch to ensure stable power transmission and accurate temperature monitoring. This allows for the timely detection of potential faults such as overheating of copper busbar 6, ensuring the safe operation of the power link and reducing system failures caused by overheating of connection parts or abnormal power transmission.

[0034] The heat dissipation fins 7 are evenly distributed along the width direction of the copper busbar 6. The height of the fins 7 is 15 to 30 mm, and the spacing between adjacent fins 7 is 8 to 12 mm. A circuit breaker is installed inside the middle layer disconnecting switch and fuse 3. The circuit breaker replaces the disconnecting switch and fuse. During operation, the heat generated at the joint of copper busbar 6 is rapidly conducted and diffused through the integrated heat dissipation fins 7, significantly increasing the heat dissipation contact area, improving heat dissipation efficiency, effectively reducing the operating temperature of copper busbar 6, and preventing copper busbar 6 from aging due to overheating. After replacing the isolating switch and fuse with a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker is connected to the original installation position of the isolating switch and fuse. Its input terminal is connected to copper busbar 6, and its output terminal is connected to the energy storage converter. The signal interface is connected to the energy management system through wires. When the circuit experiences abnormal conditions such as overload or short circuit, the internal detection module of the circuit breaker quickly captures the fault signal, automatically trips and disconnects the circuit, and sends a fault alarm signal to the energy management system. After the fault is cleared, a closing command is issued through the operation button on cabinet door 5, and the circuit breaker quickly closes and restores power supply. This simplifies the structure of the middle layer protection components, reduces component maintenance costs, and improves the response speed and reliability of circuit protection.

[0035] The upper power distribution area 2 is also equipped with a switch, RS485 server, signal and RS surge protector, and IO to Ethernet module; the external energy storage cabinet is connected to the battery management system inside the cabinet via CAN communication line; the external gate meter and network port meter are connected to the energy management system integrated in cabinet door 5 via RS485 communication line. During operation, the switch connects to the IO-to-Ethernet module and RS485 server via network cable to establish an internal communication network. Signal and RS surge protectors are connected in parallel at both ends of the communication line. When the line experiences a lightning strike and a momentary overvoltage, the surge protector immediately conducts to discharge current, protecting the communication components from damage. The external energy storage cabinet connects to the internal battery management system via a CAN communication line, uploading parameters such as battery voltage, SOC, and temperature in real time, and receiving charging and discharging control commands from the battery management system. External gateway meters and network port meters connect to the energy management system via RS485 communication lines, uploading metering data such as grid voltage, current, and power in real time. The switch, RS485 server, and other components work together to convert and transmit control signals, ensuring a stable communication link, strong anti-interference capability, reducing communication failures, and enabling accurate monitoring and command issuance of external equipment operating status, thus improving the overall collaborative control accuracy of the system.

[0036] This embodiment of a multi-unit parallel black start DC combiner control cabinet also includes a multi-unit parallel black start system, which includes a DC converter and a diode redundancy module. When multiple energy storage cabinets are connected in parallel, their DC side is connected in parallel with the lower copper busbar and the copper busbar 6 of the transformer 4 inside the cabinet. The DC input copper busbar 6 of each energy storage cabinet's high-voltage box is connected to the DC converter through a fuse, and the output end of the DC converter is connected to the automatic transfer switch of the upper power distribution area 2. The main controller of the battery management system and the secondary controller of the battery management system are both connected to the automatic transfer switch. During operation, the multi-unit parallel mode is first set via the operation button on cabinet door 5. The DC side of each energy storage cabinet is connected in parallel to the lower copper busbar and the busbar 6 of transformer 4 via copper busbar 6, realizing the parallel connection of the DC side of multiple units. After the black start command is issued, the high-voltage DC power output from the high-voltage box of each energy storage cabinet is connected to the DC converter via a fuse. The fuse prevents overload damage to the converter. The DC converter converts the high-voltage DC power into low-voltage DC power, ensuring conversion efficiency and output voltage accuracy. The converted low-voltage DC power is connected to the automatic transfer switch in the upper power distribution area 2. The automatic transfer switch supplies power to the main control and secondary controllers of the battery management system according to the instructions of the battery management system. The diode redundancy module is connected in parallel at the output of the DC converter. When one of the DC converters fails, the diode immediately blocks the fault circuit, and the other normal converter continues to supply power, ensuring power supply continuity. There is no need to configure a black start power supply in a single cabinet, avoiding voltage conflicts in multi-power parallel operation, improving the synchronization and reliability of multi-unit black start, reducing equipment redundancy configuration, and reducing costs.

[0037] A relay is installed on the output circuit of the DC converter inside the energy storage cabinet; each energy storage cabinet is equipped with a circuit breaker, which is connected in series in the parallel link between the energy storage cabinet and the lower copper busbar and the copper busbar 6 of transformer 4 inside the cabinet. During operation, the relay coil is connected to the energy management system via a wire, receiving black-start timing control commands. During the black-start phase, the energy management system issues a conduction command, the relay closes quickly, and the DC power output from the DC converter is connected to the automatic transfer switch. After black-start is completed, the system issues a disconnect command, the relay disconnects the DC converter output circuit, and no-load losses are avoided. The circuit breaker corresponding to each energy storage cabinet is connected in series between the DC output copper busbar 6 of the energy storage cabinet and the busbar 6 inside the cabinet. The rated current of the circuit breaker is set according to the capacity of the energy storage cabinet. When a fault occurs in a certain energy storage cabinet (such as short circuit or overvoltage), its corresponding circuit breaker trips quickly, cutting off the connection link between the energy storage cabinet and the busbar 6, preventing the fault from spreading to other energy storage cabinets and core components inside the cabinet. After the fault is cleared, the circuit breaker can be closed by controlling the local operation button of the energy storage cabinet or remote command to restore parallel operation, further improving the operational safety and stability of the multi-machine parallel black-start system and ensuring the local controllability of the system in case of fault.

[0038] Surge protectors and surge back-end protectors are also installed in the upper power distribution area 2. The contacts of the surge back-end protectors are connected in series to the energy management system. A temperature and humidity controller is installed in cabinet 1. The temperature and humidity controller is electrically connected to the dehumidifier, heater and air conditioner respectively. During operation, the surge protector is connected in parallel across the AC 220V and DC 24V power supply lines. When the line encounters a surge voltage, the surge protector immediately conducts to discharge the surge current. The surge back-end protector is connected in series with the surge protector. When the surge protector fails, the back-end protector contacts open and simultaneously send a failure alarm signal to the energy management system to prevent surge damage to core components such as the energy management system. The temperature and humidity controller is installed in the middle of cabinet 1, collecting the temperature and humidity inside the cabinet in real time and setting appropriate temperature and humidity thresholds. When the humidity is too high, the temperature and humidity controller outputs a control voltage to start the dehumidifier, and stops when the humidity is suitable. When the temperature is too high, the fan and air conditioner are started in sequence, and when the temperature is too low, the heater is started. The operating status of each device is transmitted to the temperature and humidity controller through feedback signals, forming a closed-loop control, which effectively improves the system's anti-interference capability and environmental adaptability, and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0039] This embodiment of a multi-machine parallel black-start DC combiner control integrated cabinet adopts a multi-machine parallel single-cabinet partitioned double-layer collaborative adaptation mechanism, which works in conjunction with the closed-loop control mechanism. The specific cooperation process is as follows: 1) Multi-machine status collaborative identification: Each cabinet 1 establishes a data interaction link through the communication module of the upper side panel. The energy management system summarizes the load current of the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse 3 of each cabinet 1, the power supply status of the upper power distribution area 2, and fault alarm information to identify the overall operating status of the multi-machine; 2) Double-layer collaborative timing calibration: The timing reference in the single cabinet is calibrated a second time based on the overall status to generate collaborative control instructions; 3) Partitioned cabinet collaborative execution: Each cabinet 1 controls the on / off amplitude of the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse 3 and the power supply parameters of the automatic switching switch of the upper power distribution area 2 according to the instructions, and at the same time feeds back its own heat dissipation and insulation status to other cabinets 1; 4) Collaborative feedback optimization: The energy management system compares the operating parameters of the multi-machine in real time and dynamically updates the timing reference. During operation, each cabinet 1 connects to the same communication network via the communication module on its upper side panel, using a compatible communication protocol to transmit data in real time. The energy management system aggregates data such as the load current of the middle-level disconnect switch and fuse 3 of each cabinet 1, the voltage of the upper-level power distribution area 2, and fault alarms to identify the overall operating status of the multi-machine system (e.g., synchronous operation, partial cabinet 1 failure, uneven load, etc.). For uneven load conditions, the system performs secondary calibration of the timing reference of each cabinet 1. Subsequently, it issues coordinated control commands to control the on / off amplitude of the middle-level disconnect switch and the power supply parameters of the upper-level automatic transfer switch of each cabinet 1. At the same time, each cabinet 1 feeds back its own heat sink fin temperature, insulation resistance, and other status data to the system. The energy management system compares the deviations of the operating parameters of the multi-machine system in real time. When the deviation exceeds the reasonable range, the timing reference is recalibrated to achieve a coordinated closed loop of single-cabinet zone response and multi-machine overall adaptation, improving the synchronization and stability of multi-machine parallel operation and avoiding the impact of single-cabinet operating deviations on the overall system performance.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." or "including..." does not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element. Additionally, in this document, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number.

[0041] The above description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate understanding and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to the embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet, characterized in that: The cabinet is an integrated structure for both power distribution and control, featuring a vertically divided design with an upper power distribution area, a middle layer of disconnecting switches and fuses, and a lower layer of copper busbars and transformers. The upper side panel integrates a communication module. The cabinet door integrates an energy management system, operation buttons, and indicator lights. The middle layer of disconnecting switches and fuses houses fuses and disconnecting switches. The lower layer of copper busbars and transformers houses copper busbars and transformers. The upper power distribution area includes automatic transfer switches and miniature circuit breakers. The external DC battery cabinet is connected to the fuses via copper busbars. The circuit breaker is connected to the disconnector, and the output of the disconnector is connected to the energy storage converter; the external 480V AC power input terminal is connected to the transformer; the AC / DC module inside the cabinet is connected to the automatic transfer switch; the energy management system, based on the spatial gradient of the upper and lower compartments, collects operating parameters to identify the phase of the operating condition, calibrates the differentiated timing reference, and regulates the operation of each component in the order of the middle layer disconnector and fuse, the upper layer power distribution area, and the lower layer copper busbar and transformer to achieve operating condition adaptation, forming a closed-loop control mechanism of phase identification, dynamic timing adjustment, and component coordinated adaptation.

2. The integrated DC busbar control cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of adapting to operating conditions is as follows: 1) Operating condition phase identification: The energy management system collects copper bus current, supply voltage, and grid connection status signal operating parameters in real time to identify the current operating phase, which includes at least four core phases: black start phase, black start stable phase, grid connection load fluctuation phase, and grid connection stable phase; 2) Phase spatial timing calibration: Based on the vertical spacing between the upper and lower compartments, differentiated timing benchmarks are calibrated for the core requirements of different phases. Start-up phases use fast response timing, stable phases use balanced response timing, and fluctuation phases use predictive response timing; 3) Phase component coupling acquisition: Parameters of each area are collected sequentially according to the calibrated timing benchmarks. The temperature and current parameters of the copper bus near the heat sink fins of the middle layer disconnect switches and fuses are collected first. External metering data and insulation test data are collected in the upper layer power distribution area. The supply voltage parameters are fed back from the lower layer copper bus and transformer; 4) Phase component dynamic execution: Action commands are issued according to the timing sequence of response of the middle layer disconnect switches and fuses, instruction optimization of the upper layer power distribution area, and adaptation of the lower layer copper bus and transformer components; 5) Phase feedback optimization: A fully closed-loop coupling coordination is formed.

3. The integrated DC busbar control cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The starting phase, i.e. the black start phase, adopts a fast response timing sequence; the stable phase, i.e. the black start stable phase and the grid-connected stable phase, adopts a balanced response timing sequence; the fluctuating phase, i.e. the grid-connected load fluctuating phase, adopts a predictive response timing sequence; the exclusive gradient thresholds for each phase include the warning temperature gradient of 50℃ and the alarm temperature of 60℃ near the middle layer disconnecting switch and fuse, the warning voltage gradient of ±2% and the alarm voltage gradient of ±5% in the upper layer distribution area, and the warning voltage gradient of 1MΩ and the alarm voltage gradient of 0.5MΩ.

4. The integrated DC busbar control cabinet for multi-machine parallel black start as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cabinet is IP55 protected and made of C3M material; the top of the cabinet is insulated and the bottom is insulated; the front panel of the cabinet is equipped with operation indicator lights, fault indicator lights, an embedded emergency stop button, an IP55 filter, a fan and air conditioner; the fault indicator lights and the indicator lights integrated into the cabinet door are the same set of status indicator components, and the operation buttons include emergency stop related control functions; the middle layer isolating switch and fuse are also equipped with temperature measuring devices and wireless temperature transceivers, and the lower layer copper busbars and the busbars in the transformer are equipped with insulation detection devices; the copper busbars in the lower layer and the transformer are integrated with heat dissipation fins at the joints.

5. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that: Temperature measuring devices are installed at the connection section of each phase copper busbar extending to the middle layer and at the copper busbar overlapping and fixing bolts. Wireless temperature transceivers are installed inside the middle layer disconnect switch and fuse. The external DC battery cabinet is connected to the fuse via copper busbars, the fuse is connected to the disconnect switch, and the output of the disconnect switch is connected to the energy storage converter. The external AC 480V power input terminal is connected to the transformer, and the AC / DC module inside the cabinet is connected to the automatic transfer switch.

6. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat dissipation fins are evenly distributed along the width of the copper busbar, with a fin height of 15 to 30 mm and a spacing of 8 to 12 mm between adjacent fins; a circuit breaker is installed inside the middle layer disconnecting switch and fuse, and the circuit breaker replaces the disconnecting switch and fuse.

7. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper power distribution area is also equipped with a switch, RS485 server, signal and RS surge protector, and IO to Ethernet module; the external energy storage cabinet is connected to the battery management system inside the cabinet via CAN communication line; the external gate meter and network port meter are connected to the energy management system integrated in the cabinet door via RS485 communication line.

8. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a multi-unit parallel black start system, which includes a DC converter and a diode redundancy module; when multiple energy storage cabinets are connected in parallel, their DC side is connected in parallel with the lower copper busbar and the copper busbar of the transformer in the cabinet; the DC input copper busbar of each energy storage cabinet's high-voltage box is connected to the DC converter through a fuse, and the output end of the DC converter is connected to the automatic transfer switch of the upper power distribution area; the main control of the battery management system and the secondary controller of the battery management system are both connected to the automatic transfer switch.

9. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet according to claim 8, characterized in that: A relay is installed on the output circuit of the DC converter inside the energy storage cabinet; each energy storage cabinet is equipped with a corresponding circuit breaker, which is connected in series in the parallel link between the energy storage cabinet and the lower copper busbar and transformer copper busbar inside the cabinet.

10. A multi-machine parallel black-start DC bus control integrated cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: Surge protectors and surge back-end protectors are also installed in the upper power distribution area. The contacts of the surge back-end protectors are connected in series to the energy management system. A temperature and humidity controller is installed inside the cabinet. The temperature and humidity controller is electrically connected to the dehumidifier, heater and air conditioner respectively.

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