Solid-state battery and vehicle with same

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a solid-state battery and a vehicle with the same, and relates to the technical field of solid-state batteries. The solid-state battery comprises a shell, a cover body and a sensor assembly, a containing cavity with an opening is defined by the shell, the cover body is connected with the shell, the cover body is used for blocking the containing cavity, and a battery cell is arranged in the containing cavity; the sensor assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the sensor assembly at least comprises an insulating substrate, the outer surface of the insulating substrate is connected with at least one of the battery cell and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the sensor assembly is used for monitoring the concentration of gas generated by the battery cell. The technical problem that in the prior art, whether gas is generated in a battery cell or not and the output amount cannot be monitored is at least solved.

Description

Solid-state batteries and vehicles equipped with them Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid-state battery technology, and more specifically, to a solid-state battery and a vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state electrolytes are a key component of all-solid-state batteries, and sulfide solid-state electrolytes are considered theoretically the best solid-state electrolyte material. Sulfide solid-state electrolytes possess numerous advantages, such as high ionic conductivity (reaching over 10⁻² S / cm at room temperature, approaching the level of liquid electrolytes), good mechanical and processing properties (soft texture, good ductility, easy to process and shape, able to form a tight interface with electrodes, reducing interfacial impedance), excellent flexible structure (accommodating electrode volume expansion, improving battery cycle stability and rate performance), and high energy density potential (compatible with silicon-based or lithium metal anodes). However, the inherent stability of sulfide solid-state electrolytes severely restricts their large-scale mass production application. For example, sulfides react with trace amounts of moisture in the environment or in the battery cell, producing toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, which can affect cell performance and even cause safety issues. Currently, in production lines, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gas monitoring devices can be deployed in key areas to monitor the concentration of these gases. However, there is currently no means to monitor whether gases such as hydrogen sulfide / sulfur dioxide are generated inside the battery cell and the amount produced.

[0003] There is currently no good solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a solid-state battery and a vehicle having the same, to at least solve the technical problem in the prior art that it is impossible to monitor whether gas is generated inside the battery cell and the amount of gas produced.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a solid-state battery is provided, including: a housing, a cover, and a sensor assembly. The housing surrounds a receiving cavity with an opening, the cover is connected to the housing and is used to seal the receiving cavity, and a battery cell is disposed inside the receiving cavity. The sensor assembly is disposed inside the receiving cavity, and the sensor assembly includes at least an insulating substrate. The outer surface of the insulating substrate is connected to at least one of the battery cell and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the sensor assembly is used to monitor the gas concentration generated by the battery cell.

[0006] Furthermore, the insulating substrate is made of a polymer insulating material, which is at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, plasticized polyolefin, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butene rubber, thermoplastic synthetic rubber, and chlorohydrin rubber.

[0007] Furthermore, the thickness of the insulating substrate is D1, where 5μm≤D1≤200μm.

[0008] Furthermore, the sensor assembly also includes a gas sensing layer, which is connected to an insulating substrate and disposed on one side of the insulating substrate. The gas sensing layer is used to monitor the gas concentration generated by the battery cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas sensing layer is made of at least one material selected from tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, cobalt oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc sulfide, iron sulfide, tin sulfide, cobalt sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and cadmium sulfide.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the gas sensing layer is D2, where 0.5μm≤D2≤50μm.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensor assembly also includes: a conductive electrode, which is connected to at least one of an insulating substrate and a gas sensing layer, and is disposed between the insulating substrate and the gas sensing layer; a wire harness, one end of which is connected to the conductive electrode; and an external electrode, which is connected to the other end of the wire harness; wherein at least one of the housing and the cover has a connection hole, the external electrode is disposed outside the receiving cavity, the wire harness passes through the connection hole and is connected to the external electrode, and the external electrode is used to transmit an electrical signal of the gas concentration generated by the battery cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the conductive electrode is made of at least one material selected from metal, carbon, and graphene.

[0013] Furthermore, there are multiple sensor components, all of which are disposed within the receiving cavity. The multiple sensor components are connected in series or in parallel.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is also provided, the vehicle having a solid-state battery, the solid-state battery being the solid-state battery described in the above embodiments.

[0015] In this embodiment, by integrating a sensor assembly inside the battery, monitoring of gas generation during battery production, use, and even cycling can be achieved. The cover is connected to the housing, and its main function is to seal the opening of the containment cavity, forming a closed space. The battery cell and the sensor assembly are located inside the containment cavity. When the battery cell generates gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide during charging and discharging, the gas molecules diffuse into the monitoring range of the sensor assembly, thereby monitoring the gas concentration generated by the battery cell in real time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of a solid-state battery according to this application;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of a solid-state battery according to the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a solid-state battery according to this application;

[0020] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a solid-state battery according to this application;

[0021] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of a solid-state battery according to this application;

[0022] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of a solid-state battery according to this application;

[0023] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a seventh embodiment of a solid-state battery according to this application;

[0024] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the eighth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application;

[0025] Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the ninth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application;

[0026] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the tenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application;

[0027] Figure 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the eleventh embodiment of the solid-state battery according to the present application;

[0028] Figure 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the twelfth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to the present application;

[0029] Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the thirteenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application;

[0030] Figure 14 is a structural schematic diagram of the fourteenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application;

[0031] Figure 15 is a structural schematic diagram of the fifteenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application;

[0032] Figure 16 is a comparative schematic table of the sixteenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to the present application;

[0033] Figure 17 is a comparative schematic table of the seventeenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to the present application;

[0034] Figure 18 is a comparative schematic table of the eighteenth embodiment of the solid-state battery according to this application.

[0035] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0036] 10. Shell; 100. Receiving cavity;

[0037] 20. Cover;

[0038] 30. Battery cells;

[0039] 40. Sensor assembly; 41. Insulating substrate; 42. Gas sensing layer; 43. Conductive electrode; 44. Wiring harness; 45. External electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0042] As shown in Figures 1 to 15, a solid-state battery is provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Specifically, as shown in Figures 1, 5, and 13, the battery includes a housing 10, a cover 20, and a sensor assembly 40. The housing 10 forms an open cavity 100. The cover 20 is connected to the housing 10 and is used to seal the cavity 100. A battery cell 30 is disposed inside the cavity 100. The sensor assembly 40 is disposed inside the cavity 100 and includes at least an insulating substrate 41. The outer surface of the insulating substrate 41 is connected to at least one of the battery cell 30 and the inner wall of the cavity 100. The sensor assembly 40 is used to monitor the gas concentration generated by the battery cell 30.

[0044] By integrating the sensor assembly 40 inside the battery, the generation of gas during battery production, use, and even cycling can be monitored. The cover 20 is connected to the housing 10, and its main function is to seal the opening of the receiving cavity 100, forming a closed space. The battery cell 30 and the sensor assembly 40 are located inside the receiving cavity 100. When the battery cell 30 generates gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide during charging and discharging, the gas molecules diffuse into the monitoring range of the sensor assembly 40, thereby monitoring the gas concentration generated by the battery cell 30 in real time.

[0045] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, the insulating substrate 41 is made of a polymeric insulating material, which is at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, plasticized polyolefin, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butene rubber, thermoplastic synthetic rubber, and chlorohydrin rubber. This ensures electrical insulation between the sensor assembly 40 and the battery cell 30, preventing short circuits, while providing sufficient flexibility and durability, allowing the sensor assembly 40 to adapt to various complex environments and shape requirements during battery assembly.

[0046] Specifically, the thickness of the insulating substrate 41 is D1, where 5μm≤D1≤200μm.

[0047] In this embodiment, the thickness D1 of the insulating substrate 41 is set within the range of 5 μm to 200 μm. This allows the gas monitoring device to effectively adapt to the internal environment of different all-solid-state batteries, enabling sensitive monitoring of gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. This ensures that the sensor assembly 40 can be tightly fitted to the electrode material inside the battery, while minimizing its footprint within the battery's internal space. At the thinner lower limit, the sensor assembly 40 can respond more quickly to changes in gas concentration, improving the immediacy of monitoring; while the thicker upper limit provides better mechanical protection for the sensor assembly 40, enhancing its stability during battery charging and discharging.

[0048] In one embodiment of this application, the material and thickness of the insulating substrate 41 can be adjusted according to specific application environments and requirements, so that the internal gas monitoring device has wider applicability and higher monitoring accuracy.

[0049] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 13, the sensor assembly 40 also includes a gas sensing layer 42, which is connected to the insulating substrate 41 and disposed on one side of the insulating substrate 41. The gas sensing layer 42 is used to monitor the gas concentration generated by the battery cell 30.

[0050] In this embodiment, when the cell 30 generates gas due to side reactions during charging and discharging, these gas molecules diffuse to the surface of the gas sensing layer 42. The adsorbed gas molecules change the surface state of the sensing layer, which in turn causes changes in the electronic structure of the material, manifested as changes in resistance or conductivity. These changes are then converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the battery management system or monitoring device via wires for analysis and processing. This enables real-time monitoring of the gas concentration generated by the cell 30, improving the accuracy and efficiency of gas monitoring inside the solid-state battery.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, the gas sensing layer 42 is made of at least one material selected from tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, cobalt oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc sulfide, iron sulfide, tin sulfide, cobalt sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and cadmium sulfide. These materials all possess excellent gas sensing characteristics and can effectively monitor changes in the concentration of gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide.

[0052] Specifically, the thickness of the gas sensing layer 42 is D2, where 0.5μm ≤ D2 ≤ 50μm. The upper limit of the thickness avoids the problems of slow response speed and low signal transmission efficiency caused by an excessively thick gas sensing layer 42, while the lower limit prevents the gas sensing layer 42 from being too thin and easily damaged in harsh environments or during long-term use. By precisely controlling the thickness of the gas sensing layer 42, the interaction efficiency between the sensor assembly 40 and the gas inside the battery cell can be optimized, enabling fast and accurate gas concentration monitoring.

[0053] In one embodiment of this application, the thickness of the gas sensing layer 42 can be finely adjusted to accommodate different models or specifications of all-solid-state batteries.

[0054] Further, as shown in FIG14, the sensor assembly 40 also includes a conductive electrode 43, a wiring harness 44, and an external electrode 45. The conductive electrode 43 is connected to at least one of the insulating substrate 41 and the gas sensing layer 42, and the conductive electrode 43 is disposed between the insulating substrate 41 and the gas sensing layer 42. One end of the wiring harness 44 is connected to the conductive electrode 43. The external electrode 45 is connected to the other end of the wiring harness 44. At least one of the housing 10 and the cover 20 has a connection hole. The external electrode 45 is disposed outside the receiving cavity 100. The wiring harness 44 passes through the connection hole and is connected to the external electrode 45. The external electrode 45 is used to transmit an electrical signal of the gas concentration generated by the battery cell 30.

[0055] In this embodiment, the conductive electrode 43 is disposed between the insulating substrate 41 and the gas sensing layer 42, forming an electrical connection with both, ensuring that changes in the gas sensing layer 42 can be efficiently transmitted through the conductive electrode 43. One end of the wiring harness 44 is connected to the conductive electrode 43, leading the electrical signal generated by the gas sensing layer 42 out from inside the battery. The external electrode 45 is disposed outside the receiving cavity 100, located at the connection hole on the housing 10 or cover 20, and connected to the other end of the wiring harness 44. It is responsible for transmitting information related to the gas concentration generated by the cell 30, sending the signal to the battery management system or other monitoring equipment for processing, and can also serve as a receiving port for control commands, enabling responses to external devices.

[0056] Specifically, the conductive electrode 43 is made of at least one material selected from metal, carbon, and graphene. Metal electrodes have excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, while carbon and graphene electrodes have advantages such as being lightweight, having high conductivity, and good chemical stability. They can effectively reduce the weight of the sensor while ensuring long-term reliable operation in the harsh environment inside the battery.

[0057] Furthermore, there are multiple sensor assemblies 40, all of which are disposed within the receiving cavity 100. The multiple sensor assemblies 40 are connected in series or in parallel.

[0058] In this embodiment, when multiple sensor components 40 are connected in series, meaning the signal path is continuous and the output of each sensor serves as the input (or is connected to) the next sensor, this connection method can improve the system's sensitivity to gas concentration changes. Parallel connection, where multiple sensor components 40 are simultaneously connected to the external electrode 45, allows each sensor component 40 to independently receive and process gas concentration information, increasing system redundancy and improving fault tolerance. Even if a single sensor fails, the other sensors can still operate normally, ensuring the overall effectiveness of the monitoring system.

[0059] According to another aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, which has a solid-state battery, the solid-state battery being the same as that described in the above embodiments. When this solid-state battery is applied to a vehicle, the sensor component 40 within the solid-state battery can monitor the dynamic changes in the gas inside the solid-state battery in real time, eliminating the need for additional maintenance or frequent inspections, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency and safety of the vehicle.

[0060] The beneficial effects of this application will be explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] Step 1, Sensor Assembly 40 Design: In this embodiment, sensor assembly 40 is a rectangular sensor structure. As shown in Figure 13, the insulating substrate 41 is made of PET flexible substrate with a thickness of 20µm. The conductive electrode 43 is a conductive carbon electrode. The gas sensing layer 42 is a gas sensing layer for gases such as hydrogen sulfide / sulfur dioxide, and tin oxide is used for the gas sensing layer 42. The wiring harness 44 uses copper wire. The external electrode 45 can be connected to an external detection device.

[0063] Step 2, Sensor assembly layout. In this embodiment, the sensor is used for a pouch battery. As shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7, the sensor assembly 40 can be fixed inside the aluminum-plastic bag (Figure 5) or on the surface or inside the core (Figure 6). The appearance of the battery is shown in Figure 7. The sensor has an external electrode 45, which can monitor the gas generation inside the cell 30 through an external device.

[0064] Step 3, Application scenario of sensor component 40: This embodiment is applicable to the study of gas generation during the formation of sulfide all-solid-state batteries.

[0065] Step 4, as shown in Figure 16, investigates the impact of moisture content (50-1000 ppm) on gas production in the battery cell. The battery cell is a 10Ah pouch cell, with NCM811 material for the positive electrode, graphite and silicon-carbon for the negative electrode, and LPSC solid electrolyte. The charging current density is 0.1C, and the state of charge (SOC) is 100%. The data shows that the moisture content of the battery cell has a significant impact on gas production. When the moisture content exceeds 200 ppm, the production of gases such as hydrogen sulfide exceeds 50 ppm. Further increases in moisture content lead to a more significant increase in the production of gases such as hydrogen sulfide; at 1000 ppm moisture content, the production of gases such as hydrogen sulfide reaches 600 ppm. The generation of gases such as hydrogen sulfide significantly affects the electrode interface, thus affecting battery performance. Large amounts of gas can even affect the safety of the battery cell. The built-in gas sensor component 40 allows for research on process parameters and technical indicators in the early stages of R&D, improving battery stability and safety.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Step 1, Sensor assembly 40 design. In this embodiment, the sensor is a rectangular structure sensor. As shown in Figure 13, the insulating substrate 41 is made of PET flexible substrate with a thickness of 10µm. The conductive electrode 43 is a conductive carbon electrode. The gas sensing layer 42 is a gas sensing layer for gases such as hydrogen sulfide / sulfur dioxide, and the gas sensing layer 42 uses cobalt oxide / zinc oxide composite material. The wiring harness 44 uses copper wire. The external electrode 45 can be connected to an external detection device.

[0068] Step 2, sensor assembly 40 layout. In this embodiment, the sensor is used for a prismatic battery. As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, the sensor can be fixed inside the prismatic housing (Figure 2), inside the top cover of the prismatic housing (Figure 3), or on the surface or inside the core (Figure 4). The appearance of the battery is shown in the corresponding schematic diagrams in Figures 2, 3, and 4. The sensor has an external electrode 45, which can be connected to an external device to monitor the gas generation inside the battery cell.

[0069] Step 3, Application scenarios of sensor component 40: This embodiment is applicable to the study of the correspondence between gas production and electrical performance during the cycling process of sulfide all-solid-state batteries.

[0070] Step 4: Sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries, besides reacting with trace amounts of water in the cell to generate hydrogen sulfide, may also produce gases such as sulfur dioxide during charge and discharge. Figure 17 illustrates the effect of different cycle numbers on the gas production of the cell. The cell is a 10Ah pouch cell, with NCM811 material as the positive electrode, graphite and silicon-carbon as the negative electrode, and LPSC solid electrolyte. The charge / discharge current density was 0.33C. The cell moisture content was baked down to below 200 ppm. The gas production at different cycle numbers shows an increasing trend, exceeding 100 ppm after 200 cycles. This method can be used to further study the cycle gas production performance of cells prepared with different material systems and processes, guiding system and process development.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Step 1, Sensor Assembly 40 Design. In this embodiment, the sensor assembly 40 can be a rectangular, circular, or ring-shaped sensor. The rectangular sensor assembly 40, as shown in Figure 13, has an insulating substrate 41 made of PTFE flexible substrate with a thickness of 10µm. The conductive electrode 43 is a conductive metal electrode. The gas sensing layer 42 is a gas sensing layer for gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and uses cobalt oxide / zinc oxide composite material. The wiring harness 44 uses copper wire. The external electrode 45 can be connected to an external detection device. The circular sensor assembly, as shown in Figure 14, has an insulating substrate 41 made of PE flexible substrate with a thickness of 8µm. The conductive electrode 43 is a graphene conductive electrode. The gas sensing layer 42 is a gas sensing layer for gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and uses copper oxide / indium oxide / nickel oxide composite material. The wiring harness 44 uses copper wire. The external electrode 45 can be connected to an external detection device. The ring-shaped sensor, as shown in Figure 15, has an insulating substrate 41 made of PVC substrate with a thickness of 15µm. The conductive electrode 43 is a metal conductive electrode. The gas sensing layer 42 is a gas sensing layer for gases such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and the gas sensing layer 42 uses niobium oxide / chromium oxide composite material. The wiring harness 44 uses copper wire. The external electrode 45 can be connected to an external detection device.

[0073] Step 2, sensor assembly 40 layout. In this embodiment, the sensor assembly is used for a cylindrical battery. As shown in Figures 8 to 12, the sensor can be fixed inside the cylindrical housing (Figure 8), on the surface or inside the core (Figure 10), or inside the cylindrical top cover plate (Figures 11 and 12). The appearance of the battery is shown in Figure 9. The sensor has external electrodes and can monitor the gas generation inside the cell through an external device.

[0074] Step 3, Application scenarios of sensor component 40: In this embodiment, it can be used for gas detection alarms, etc., during the use of sulfide all-solid-state batteries.

[0075] Step 4: During the operation of the electric vehicle, the gas production of the battery cells is monitored in real time. When the gas production reaches a certain warning value, feedback is sent to the vehicle's infotainment system to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] Step 1, Sensor assembly 40 design. In this embodiment, the sensor is a rectangular structure sensor. As shown in Figure 13, the insulating substrate 41 is made of PBR substrate with a thickness of 12µm. The conductive electrode 43 is a conductive carbon electrode. The gas sensing layer 42 is a gas sensing layer for gases such as hydrogen sulfide / sulfur dioxide, and the gas sensing layer 42 uses a manganese oxide / zinc sulfide composite material. The wiring harness 44 uses copper wire. The external electrode 45 can be connected to an external detection device.

[0078] Step 2, Sensor assembly 40 layout. In this embodiment, sensor assembly 40 is used for a pouch battery. As shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7, sensor assembly 40 can be fixed inside the aluminum-plastic bag (Figure 5) or on the surface or inside the core (Figure 7). The appearance of the battery is shown in Figure 6. Sensor assembly 40 has external electrodes 45, which can be connected to an external device to monitor the gas generation inside the battery cell.

[0079] Step 3, Application scenarios of sensor component 40: This embodiment is applicable to the study of gas production changes under different SOCs in the formation of sulfide all-solid-state batteries.

[0080] Step 4: The battery cell is a 10Ah pouch cell. The positive electrode uses NCM811 material, the negative electrode uses a graphite and silicon-carbon anode, and the electrolyte is LPSC solid electrolyte. The charge / discharge current density is 0.1C. As shown in Figure 18, gas production is mainly concentrated in the first 80% of the state of charge during charging. This device can be used for formation process research.

[0081] As can be seen from the above description, the solid-state battery in the above embodiments has the following beneficial effects:

[0082] (1) Real-time gas concentration monitoring: The sensor assembly 40 can monitor the concentration of gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, etc.) generated by the battery cell 30 during charging and discharging in real time, which is crucial for timely detection of possible abnormal reactions or potential safety hazards inside the battery.

[0083] (2) Improve monitoring accuracy and reliability: Multiple sensor components 40 are used, which are connected in series or in parallel, increasing the redundancy and sensitivity of the monitoring system. Series connection improves the ability to detect minute changes in gas concentration, while parallel connection ensures that the system can still monitor normally even if some sensors fail, significantly improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0084] (3) Optimize battery management and maintenance: The obtained gas concentration data can be used to optimize the battery's charging and discharging strategy, avoid internal side reactions caused by overcharging and over-discharging, and thus extend battery life. At the same time, this data can also provide a basis for regular battery maintenance and troubleshooting, and help prevent sudden decline in battery performance.

[0085] (4) Enhance battery safety: By identifying abnormal increases in the concentration of gas inside the battery in advance, measures can be taken in advance to avoid battery thermal runaway or explosion, significantly improving the safety of the battery system.

[0086] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0087] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this invention.

[0088] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state battery, characterized in that, include: A housing (10) and a cover (20), the housing (10) forming an open receiving cavity (100), the cover (20) being connected to the housing (10) and used to seal the receiving cavity (100), a battery cell (30) being disposed inside the receiving cavity (100); a sensor assembly (40), the sensor assembly (40) being disposed inside the receiving cavity (100), the sensor assembly (40) including at least an insulating substrate (41), the outer surface of the insulating substrate (41) being connected to at least one of the battery cell (30) and the inner wall of the receiving cavity (100), the sensor assembly (40) being used to monitor the gas concentration generated by the battery cell (30).

2. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating substrate (41) is made of a polymer insulating material, which is at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, plasticized polyolefin, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butene rubber, thermoplastic synthetic rubber, and chlorohydrin rubber.

3. The solid-state battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the insulating substrate (41) is D1, wherein 5μm≤D1≤200μm.

4. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor assembly (40) further includes a gas sensing layer (42), which is connected to the insulating substrate (41). The gas sensing layer (42) is disposed on one side of the insulating substrate (41) and is used to monitor the gas concentration generated by the battery cell (30).

5. The solid-state battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas sensing layer (42) is made of at least one of the following materials: tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, cobalt oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc sulfide, iron sulfide, tin sulfide, cobalt sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and cadmium sulfide.

6. The solid-state battery according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the gas sensing layer (42) is D2, wherein 0.5μm≤D2≤50μm.

7. The solid-state battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sensor assembly (40) further includes: a conductive electrode (43) connected to at least one of the insulating substrate (41) and the gas sensing layer (42), the conductive electrode (43) being disposed between the insulating substrate (41) and the gas sensing layer (42); a wire harness (44) one end of which is connected to the conductive electrode (43); and an external electrode (45) connected to the other end of the wire harness (44); wherein at least one of the housing (10) and the cover (20) has a connection hole, the external electrode (45) is disposed outside the receiving cavity (100), the wire harness (44) passes through the connection hole and is connected to the external electrode (45), and the external electrode (45) is used to transmit an electrical signal of the gas concentration generated by the battery cell (30).

8. The solid-state battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conductive electrode (43) is made of at least one of the following materials: metal, carbon, and graphene.

9. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple sensor components (40), and all of the multiple sensor components (40) are disposed in the receiving cavity (100). The multiple sensor components (40) are connected in series or in parallel.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle has a solid-state battery, which is any one of claims 1-9.

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