Intelligent turning bed for bedridden patient

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent turn-over bed for a bedridden patient, and relates to the technical field of medical equipment, the intelligent turn-over bed comprises a bed body, a left and right adjusting mechanism, a fabric plate and a supporting mattress, a worm and gear system is driven by a motor to realize lifting of the left and right parts of a bed surface, and the patient is assisted to turn over stably; the labor intensity of nursing personnel and the pressure sore risk caused by improper turning over are obviously reduced. A sensing module, a processing and control module, a man-machine interaction module and a power supply module are integrated in the supporting mattress, a thin film piezoresistive sensor is adopted to monitor the pressure of key parts of the body surface of a patient in real time, pressure sore risk assessment is carried out in combination with a multi-level threshold algorithm, and a sound-light alarm is given out when the risk is high to remind nursing personnel to intervene in time. The system achieves intelligent conversion from passive nursing to active prevention, has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, easy and convenient to operate, accurate in early warning and the like, and is suitable for clinical nursing scenes of long-term bedridden patients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical equipment technology, specifically to an intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients. Background Technology

[0002] The ward frequently has critically ill, seriously ill, or weak patients unable to turn over, making them high-risk for pressure ulcers. Nurses need to turn these patients regularly, but most nurses are women with less strength, making this task difficult and often resulting in dragging or pushing during the process, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers. Currently, the hospital beds used in the wards do not have features to assist with turning. The bed surface is generally divided into three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The upper and lower sections can be raised to help patients assume a semi-recumbent position or elevate their lower limbs, but they cannot assist patients in lying on their side or stomach.

[0003] In addition, according to literature reports, normal capillary pressure is 12–30 mmHg; when local pressure exceeds 16 mmHg, it can impede capillary perfusion to tissues. When local pressure exceeds 30–35 mmHg for 2–4 hours, pressure ulcers can occur. Irreversible damage and pressure ulcer formation can occur when the epidermis is subjected to pressure of 69 mmHg for more than 2 hours. Current technology cannot provide timely warnings about pressure points on patients. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients, comprising: The bed frame has at least three adjustment sections arranged in a row on its upper surface. The adjustment sections include a left adjustment mechanism, a right adjustment mechanism, and a fabric panel.

[0005] The left adjustment mechanism includes a left adjustment plate, which is slidably mounted on the upper surface of the left adjustment bracket. A left adjustment screw is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the left adjustment plate. The left adjustment screw engages with a left adjustment first worm gear rotatably mounted on the left adjustment bracket via a thread to adjust the position of the left adjustment plate. The left adjustment first worm gear engages with a left adjustment first worm fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the left adjustment motor.

[0006] The right adjustment mechanism includes a right adjustment plate, which is slidably mounted on the upper surface of the right adjustment bracket. A right adjustment screw is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the right adjustment plate. The right adjustment screw engages with a right adjustment first worm gear rotatably mounted on the right adjustment bracket via a thread to adjust the position of the right adjustment plate. The right adjustment first worm gear engages with a right adjustment first worm fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the right adjustment motor.

[0007] A fabric plate is rotatably mounted on one side of the left adjustment plate, and a right adjustment plate is rotatably mounted on the other side of the fabric plate.

[0008] The left adjustment panel, fabric panel, and upper surface of the right adjustment panel are detachably equipped with a mattress support.

[0009] Furthermore, the left adjustment mechanism also includes a left adjustment support base, the left adjustment bracket is rotatably mounted on the left adjustment support base, and a left adjustment second worm gear is fixedly mounted on the left adjustment bracket, which meshes with a left adjustment second worm fixedly mounted on an output shaft of the left adjustment motor.

[0010] Furthermore, the right adjustment mechanism also includes a right adjustment base, the right adjustment bracket is rotatably mounted on the right adjustment base, and a right adjustment second worm gear is fixedly mounted on the right adjustment bracket. The right adjustment second worm gear meshes with a right adjustment second worm fixedly mounted on an output shaft of the right adjustment motor.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple bed support frames are fixedly installed at the bottom of the bed, and the ends of the bed support frames are rotatably equipped with rollers for movement. Bed side panels are provided on the side walls of the bed that can be flipped over.

[0012] Furthermore, the supporting mattress integrates; A sensing module is used to monitor the pressure at at least one key part of the patient's body surface in real time. The sensing module includes at least one pressure sensor unit arranged in the corresponding position inside the support mattress, and the output of the pressure sensor unit is connected to a signal conditioning circuit.

[0013] The processing and control module is electrically connected to the sensing module and is used to receive and process signals from the sensing module.

[0014] The human-machine interaction module is electrically connected to the processing and control module and is used for information display and alarm prompts. The human-machine interaction module includes a display unit and at least one sound and light alarm unit.

[0015] The power supply module is used to supply power to the sensing module, the processing and control module, and the human-machine interaction module.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressure sensor unit includes a thin-film piezoresistive sensor, which, together with a fixed resistor, forms a Wheatstone bridge; the signal conditioning circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier and a low-pass filter connected in sequence, with the input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier connected to the output terminal of the Wheatstone bridge.

[0017] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. When a patient needs to be turned, the nurse activates the "lifting drive" in multiple adjustment mechanisms located under the left (or right) side of the patient's body via the control system. All left-side left adjustment plates or right-side right adjustment plates rise synchronously, smoothly, and slowly, creating a smooth slope on the supporting mattress. Under the influence of gravity, the patient's body begins to tilt naturally. At this point, the nurse only needs to apply a very small, gentle push or make simple positional adjustments (such as positioning the upper limbs) to safely turn the patient into a side-lying position. The entire process avoids the strong dragging motion required in traditional manual turning, significantly reducing friction and shearing between the skin and the bed surface, fundamentally reducing the risk of skin injury caused by improper operation. At the same time, this design greatly reduces the workload of nurses, especially benefiting female nurses.

[0018] 2. The support mattress continuously monitors pressure. When the pressure-time integral of a certain area reaches a preset risk threshold, an alarm is automatically triggered, reminding the nurse that "it's time to turn the patient over." The nurse then uses the bed's mechanical assistance functions to safely and effortlessly turn the patient over. This transforms pressure ulcer prevention from a passive, experience-based model to a proactive, precise, and intelligent intervention model.

[0019] 3. The support mattress of this invention does not simply measure pressure, but rather, based on the physiological principle of capillary compression, sets multi-level dynamic thresholds consistent with clinical research (e.g., pressure greater than 16 mmHg prompts attention, pressure greater than 30-35 mmHg for 2 hours is a warning, and pressure greater than 69 mmHg for 1.8 hours is an emergency alarm). It issues a clear warning before irreversible tissue damage occurs, giving nurses a valuable window of opportunity for intervention and achieving true "preventive" care. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0022] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0023] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0025] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention. Figure 5 .

[0026] Reference numerals: 100-Left adjustment plate; 101-Left adjustment bracket; 102-Left adjustment lead screw; 103-Left adjustment first worm gear; 104-Left adjustment second worm gear; 105-Left adjustment second worm; 106-Left adjustment motor one; 107-Left adjustment motor two; 108-Left adjustment first worm; 109-Left adjustment support base; 200-Right adjustment plate; 201-Right adjustment bracket; 202-Right adjustment first worm gear; 203-Right adjustment first worm; 204-Right adjustment motor; 205-Right adjustment lead screw; 206-Right adjustment second worm gear; 207-Right adjustment second worm; 208-Right adjustment motor one; 209-Right adjustment base; 300-Fabric board; 400-Support mattress; 500-Bed frame; 501-Bed frame support frame; 502-Bed side panel. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients includes a bed body 500. The upper surface of the bed body 500 is provided with at least three adjustment parts arranged in a row. The adjustment parts include a left adjustment mechanism, a right adjustment mechanism, and a fabric board 300. One of the fabric boards 300 is provided with a circular opening for placing the patient's face in a prone position to facilitate breathing.

[0029] The left adjustment mechanism includes a left adjustment plate 100, a left adjustment bracket 101, a left adjustment lead screw 102, a left adjustment first worm gear 103, a left adjustment second worm gear 104, a left adjustment second worm 105, a left adjustment motor 106, a left adjustment motor 107, a left adjustment first worm 108, and a left adjustment support 109. The left adjustment plate 100 is slidably mounted on the upper surface of the left adjustment bracket 101. The left adjustment lead screw 102 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the left adjustment plate 100. The left adjustment lead screw 102 and the left adjustment first worm gear 103, which is rotatably mounted on the left adjustment bracket 101, are threadedly engaged to adjust the position of the left adjustment plate 100. The left adjustment first worm gear 103 is engaged with the left adjustment first worm 108, which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the left adjustment motor 107. The left adjustment bracket 101 is rotatably mounted on the left adjustment support 109. The left adjustment second worm gear 104 is fixedly mounted on the left adjustment bracket 101. The left adjustment second worm gear 104 meshes with the left adjustment second worm 105 fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the left adjustment motor 106.

[0030] The right adjustment mechanism includes a right adjustment plate 200, a right adjustment bracket 201, a right adjustment first worm gear 202, a right adjustment first worm 203, a right adjustment motor 204, a right adjustment lead screw 205, a right adjustment second worm gear 206, a right adjustment second worm 207, a right adjustment motor 208, and a right adjustment base 209. The right adjustment plate 200 is slidably disposed on the upper surface of the right adjustment bracket 201. The right adjustment lead screw 205 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the right adjustment plate 200. The right adjustment lead screw 205 engages with the right adjustment first worm gear 202, which is rotatably disposed on the right adjustment bracket 201, through threaded engagement to adjust the position of the right adjustment plate 200. The right adjustment first worm gear 202 engages with the right adjustment first worm 203, which is fixedly disposed on the output shaft of the right adjustment motor 204. The right adjustment bracket 201 is rotatably mounted on the right adjustment base 209. The right adjustment second worm gear 206 is fixedly mounted on the right adjustment bracket 201. The right adjustment second worm gear 206 meshes with the right adjustment second worm 207 fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the right adjustment motor 208.

[0031] A fabric panel 300 is rotatably mounted on one side of the left adjustment plate 100, and a right adjustment plate 200 is rotatably mounted on the other side of the fabric panel 300. A mattress support 400 is detachably mounted on the upper surface of the left adjustment plate 100, the fabric panel 300, and the right adjustment plate 200 via Velcro. Multiple bed frame support frames 501 are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bed frame 500, and rollers for movement are rotatably mounted at the ends of the bed frame support frames 501. Bed frame side panels 502 are rotatably mounted on the side walls of the bed frame 500.

[0032] When a nurse needs to turn a patient over, she controls the left adjustment mechanism to rise. Specifically, she turns on the left adjustment motor 107, which drives the left adjustment first worm gear 108 to rotate. The rotation of the left adjustment first worm gear 108 drives the left adjustment first worm wheel 103 to rotate. When the left adjustment first worm wheel 103 rotates, it pushes the left adjustment plate 100 upward through the left adjustment lead screw 102, so that the left adjustment plate 100 is higher than the right adjustment plate 200. The fabric plate 300 tilts at a certain angle. At this time, the patient tilts along with the fabric plate 300. The nurse only needs to push the patient to complete the turning operation.

[0033] The support mattress 400 is equipped with a sensing module, a processing and control module, a human-computer interaction module, and a power module.

[0034] Sensing module: Composed of four pressure sensor units, respectively positioned under the supporting mattress 400 in the areas corresponding to the patient's sacrum, coccyx, and left and right heels. The output of each sensor unit is connected to a signal conditioning circuit board.

[0035] Processing and Control Module: The core is a microcontroller U1 (such as an STM32F407) with an ARM Cortex-M4 core. The four analog outputs of the signal conditioning circuit board are connected to the four ADC input pins (PA0-PA3) of U1. A high-precision real-time clock chip U2 (such as a DS3231) is connected to U1 via an I2C bus. A MicroSD card slot serves as the storage unit and is connected to U1 via an SPI bus.

[0036] Human-Machine Interaction Module: A 7-inch TFT LCD touchscreen is connected to U1 via an RGB parallel interface and an I2C touch control bus. A piezoelectric buzzer LS1 is connected to a GPIO pin (PC8) of U1 via an NPN transistor driver circuit. A WS2812B programmable RGB LED strip serves as a light alarm, with its data input connected to another GPIO pin (PB5) of U1.

[0037] Power supply modules: One AC-DC switching power supply converts 220V AC to 12V / 2A DC. One DC-DC step-down module converts 12V to 5V to power the LCD screen, buzzer, and sensors. One low-dropout linear regulator converts 5V to 3.3V to power core logic devices such as microcontroller U1 and RTC chip U2. A 3V button battery BT1 serves as a backup power source for RTC chip U2.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients disclosed in this invention has the following working principle: Step 1: Distributed sensing and acquisition of pressure signals Beneath the support mattress 400, corresponding to key anatomical sites where patients are prone to pressure sores (such as the sacrum, coccyx, and heels), a sensing array composed of thin-film piezoresistive sensors is embedded. When the patient's body presses against the support mattress 400, the microstructure on the sensor surface deforms, causing its resistance value to change linearly in proportion to the pressure. This physical change is converted into a weak analog voltage signal through a Wheatstone bridge circuit.

[0039] Step 2: Signal Conditioning and Digitization The weak voltage signal output by the sensor is first precisely amplified by an instrumentation amplifier, and then filtered by a low-pass filter circuit to remove high-frequency interference such as environmental noise and muscle tremors, resulting in a stable and clean analog signal. This signal is then sent to the analog-to-digital converter port of the system's core microcontroller, where it is converted into a series of discrete digital quantities at a fixed sampling period (e.g., twice per second), thereby transforming the continuous physical quantity of pressure into digital information that can be processed by a computer.

[0040] Step 3: Fusion of stress-time data and risk calculation The core algorithm running on the microcontroller performs two key tasks: Pressure calibration and calculation: Using pre-stored calibration parameters, the raw digital values ​​are converted into intuitive pressure values ​​in millimeters of mercury.

[0041] Time Accumulation and Risk Integral: The system maintains an independent "pressure timer" for each monitoring point. When the pressure at a point exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 16 mmHg), the timer starts and accumulates the duration. The algorithm continuously pairs and analyzes the current pressure value with its corresponding continuous pressure time, forming a dynamic "pressure-time" state point.

[0042] Step 4: Intelligent Judgment and Decision-Making Based on Multi-Level Thresholds The system has a built-in hierarchical early warning decision model, which compares the above-mentioned "stress-time" state points with multiple preset risk thresholds: Initial prompt: When the pressure exceeds the capillary perfusion threshold, the system only makes a visual marker on the user interface to alert the user.

[0043] Intermediate warning: When both pressure and time exceed a higher threshold (e.g., >30 mmHg and >2 hours), the system logs and enhances visual alerts.

[0044] Advanced Alarm: When the pressure and time reach the highest risk threshold (e.g., >69mmHg and >1.8 hours), the system determines that the organization is facing an irreversible risk of damage, immediately triggers a decision, and enters the alarm execution phase.

[0045] Step 5: Execution of alarm commands and human-computer interaction Once an advanced alarm decision is made, the microcontroller simultaneously sends instructions to the audible and visual alarm units and the display unit: Auditory channel: Drives the buzzer to emit a rapid, distinct alert tone.

[0046] Visual channel: The red warning light will flash, and the specific alarm location, pressure value, and duration of pressure will be displayed on the LCD screen at the foot of the bed in a bright and flashing manner.

[0047] The intelligent turning bed's sensing module embeds a thin-film piezoresistive sensor array in key areas beneath the support mattress 400 to monitor changes in patient surface pressure in real time. The sensor's resistance changes due to pressure deformation, which is converted into a weak voltage signal via a Wheatstone bridge. This signal is then amplified by an instrumentation amplifier and denoised by a low-pass filter before being output as a stable analog signal to the processing and control module. The processing and control module, based on an STM32F407 microcontroller, digitizes the analog signal through timed sampling using an ADC, converts it to a standard pressure value (mmHg) using pre-stored calibration parameters, and establishes a "pressure timer" for each monitoring point. It dynamically integrates pressure and duration data and performs risk assessment based on a multi-level threshold model (primary alert, intermediate warning, advanced alarm). Once a high-risk condition is reached (e.g., pressure > 69 mmHg and sustained), an alarm is triggered. If the pressure ulcer lasts longer than 1.8 hours, an alarm command is immediately sent to the human-machine interface module. The human-machine interface module displays the pressure status of each area in real time through a 7-inch TFT touch screen. At the same time, when an alarm is triggered, a buzzer sounds an urgent warning, the WS2812B LED strip flashes red light, and the screen displays "High risk! Please turn over immediately" to remind medical staff to intervene in time. The entire system is powered by a power module that provides tiered power: 220V AC power is converted to 12V via AC-DC, then stepped down to 5V via DC-DC to power the sensors, display screen, etc., and finally regulated to 3.3V via LDO to power the microcontroller and RTC chip. At the same time, a 3V button battery serves as a backup power source for the RTC to ensure that time information is not lost when power is lost, thus forming a closed-loop, intelligent, low-power pressure ulcer early warning and turning assistance control system.

[0048] Upon seeing the alarm, the nurse controls the left adjustment mechanism to rise. Specifically, the left adjustment motor 2 107 is activated, causing it to rotate and drive the left adjustment first worm gear 108 to rotate. The rotation of the left adjustment first worm gear 108 drives the left adjustment first worm wheel 103 to rotate. When the left adjustment first worm wheel 103 rotates, it pushes the left adjustment plate 100 upwards via the left adjustment lead screw 102, ultimately making the left adjustment plate 100 higher than the right adjustment plate 200, causing the fabric plate 300 to tilt at a certain angle. Figure 6 As shown, the patient tilts along with the fabric board 300, and the nurse only needs to push the patient to complete the turning operation.

Claims

1. A smart turning bed for bedridden patients, characterized in that, include: The bed frame (500) has at least three adjustment parts arranged in a row on its upper surface. The adjustment parts include a left adjustment mechanism, a right adjustment mechanism, and a fabric panel (300). The left adjustment mechanism includes a left adjustment plate (100), which is slidably disposed on the upper surface of the left adjustment bracket (101). A left adjustment screw (102) is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the left adjustment plate (100). The left adjustment screw (102) is threadedly engaged with a left adjustment first worm gear (103) rotatably disposed on the left adjustment bracket (101) to adjust the position of the left adjustment plate (100). The left adjustment first worm gear (103) is engaged with a left adjustment first worm (108) fixedly disposed on the output shaft of the left adjustment motor (107). The right adjustment mechanism includes a right adjustment plate (200), which is slidably disposed on the upper surface of the right adjustment bracket (201). A right adjustment screw (205) is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the right adjustment plate (200). The right adjustment screw (205) engages with a right adjustment first worm gear (202) rotatably disposed on the right adjustment bracket (201) through a threaded engagement to adjust the position of the right adjustment plate (200). The right adjustment first worm gear (202) engages with a right adjustment first worm (203) fixedly disposed on the output shaft of the right adjustment motor (204). A fabric plate (300) is rotatably mounted on one side of the left adjustment plate (100), and a right adjustment plate (200) is rotatably mounted on the other side of the fabric plate (300). The upper surfaces of the left adjustment panel (100), fabric panel (300), and right adjustment panel (200) are detachably equipped with a support mattress (400).

2. The intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left adjustment mechanism also includes a left adjustment support (109), the left adjustment bracket (101) is rotatably mounted on the left adjustment support (109), and a left adjustment second worm gear (104) is fixedly mounted on the left adjustment bracket (101). The left adjustment second worm gear (104) meshes with a left adjustment second worm (105) fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the left adjustment motor (106).

3. The intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The right adjustment mechanism also includes a right adjustment base (209), and the right adjustment bracket (201) is rotatably mounted on the right adjustment base (209). A right adjustment second worm gear (206) is fixedly mounted on the right adjustment bracket (201), and the right adjustment second worm gear (206) meshes with a right adjustment second worm (207) fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the right adjustment motor (208).

4. The intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple bed support frames (501) are fixedly installed at the bottom of the bed body (500). The ends of the bed support frames (501) are rotatably equipped with rollers for movement. The side walls of the bed body (500) are provided with bed side plates (502) that can be flipped.

5. A smart turning bed for bedridden patients according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The supporting mattress (400) is integrated with; A sensing module for real-time monitoring of pressure at at least one key point on the patient's body surface, the sensing module including at least one pressure sensor unit arranged in a corresponding position within the support mattress (400), the output of the pressure sensor unit being connected to a signal conditioning circuit; A processing and control module, electrically connected to the sensing module, is used to receive and process signals from the sensing module; The human-machine interaction module is electrically connected to the processing and control module and is used for information display and alarm prompts. The human-machine interaction module includes a display unit and at least one sound and light alarm unit. The power supply module is used to supply power to the sensing module, the processing and control module, and the human-machine interaction module.

6. The intelligent turning bed for bedridden patients according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressure sensor unit includes a thin-film piezoresistive sensor, which, together with a fixed resistor, forms a Wheatstone bridge. The signal conditioning circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier and a low-pass filter connected in sequence, with the input of the instrumentation amplifier connected to the output of the Wheatstone bridge.

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