Daytime high light suppression optical observation system and method based on polarization light splitting

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of daytime strong light processing, and particularly relates to a daytime strong light suppression optical observation system and method based on polarization light splitting. A front polarization calibration component is used to convert incident light into preset polarized light, a polarization light splitting prism is used to divide the preset polarized light into s-polarized components and p-polarized components, a double-channel light intensity adjustment module is used to respectively adjust the s-polarized components and the p-polarized components, the dynamic range of the light intensity of the s-polarized components is matched with that of the p-polarized components, the matched s-polarized components and p-polarized components are obtained, a photoelectric detection array is used to output an original intensity image based on a detection result, and a polarization state correlation calculation module is used to obtain a polarization feature deviation map based on polarization information of each pixel point contained in the original intensity image, and to adaptively fuse the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain an enhanced image. The application can adaptively work in a wide daytime light range without manual intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of daytime strong light processing technology, and particularly relates to a daytime strong light suppression optical observation system and method based on polarization beam splitting. Background Technology

[0002] Daytime optical detection, based on optical imaging and photoelectric detection, enables target imaging, feature extraction, and scene perception under natural sunlight. It supports all-weather target detection and has wide applications and significant engineering value in astronomical observation, aerospace exploration, and military reconnaissance. However, compared to nighttime optical detection, daytime detection is constrained by strong background stray radiation, complex atmospheric effects, and extremely low target-background contrast, making accurate target identification and effective information extraction difficult and severely impacting detection accuracy and effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an optical observation system capable of extracting low-contrast, low-light target features under strong background conditions.

[0003] Traditional optical systems typically achieve strong light attenuation by adding narrowband or neutral density filters. However, both approaches have inherent drawbacks: narrowband filters significantly limit the target signal's wavelength range, leading to the loss of a large amount of effective information outside the preset wavelength range, thus affecting the integrity of target identification; neutral density filters provide uniform attenuation without differentiation, weakening the target's faint light signal while simultaneously reducing strong background light, failing to fundamentally improve the contrast between the target and the background, and faint targets are still easily obscured. Furthermore, while existing polarization optical systems possess some light modulation capabilities, they lack the ability to adaptively adjust to the wide dynamic range of daytime illumination. They struggle to adjust operating parameters in real time according to complex outdoor lighting environments, resulting in insufficient environmental adaptability. Consequently, the accuracy and reliability of daytime faint target extraction consistently fall short of the requirements of practical engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a daytime strong light suppression optical observation system and method based on polarization beam splitting, in order to solve the problem that although existing polarization optical systems have a certain light modulation capability, they lack the ability to adaptively adjust to the large dynamic range of daytime illumination, making it difficult to adjust working parameters in real time according to complex outdoor lighting environments, resulting in insufficient environmental adaptability. Consequently, the accuracy and reliability of daytime low-light target extraction can never meet the needs of practical engineering applications. The present invention has adaptive adjustment capability, with a dual-channel light intensity adjustment module and a polarization state correlation calculation module forming a closed-loop control, which can adapt to a wide daytime illumination range without manual intervention.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution created by this invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] A daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting includes: a pre-polarization calibration component, a polarization beam splitter prism, a dual-channel intensity tuning module, and a photoelectric detection array and polarization state correlation calculation module.

[0007] The pre-polarization calibration component converts the incident light into preset polarized light. The polarization beam splitter separates the preset polarized light into s-polarization and p-polarization components. The dual-channel intensity adjustment module adaptively controls the intensity of the s-polarization and p-polarization components to achieve dynamic range matching between the intensity of the s-polarization and p-polarization components, obtaining the matched s-polarization and p-polarization components. The matched s-polarization and p-polarization components are incident on the same photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector array. The photodetector array outputs the original intensity image based on the detection results. The polarization state correlation calculation module obtains the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the original intensity image, and adaptively fuses the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain the enhanced image.

[0008] Furthermore, the preset polarized light is linearly polarized, circularly polarized, or elliptically polarized.

[0009] Furthermore, the polarizing beam splitter has a reflectivity of ≥98% for the s-polarized component and a transmittance of ≥98% for the p-polarized component.

[0010] Furthermore, the dual-channel light intensity adjustment module includes a p-polarization channel and an s-polarization channel, both of which include an electrically controlled neutral density filter and a light intensity sensor arranged sequentially.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific processing procedure of the polarization state correlation calculation module is as follows:

[0012] Perform data preprocessing on the original intensity image;

[0013] A polarization feature deviation map is obtained based on the polarization information of each pixel in the processed original intensity image:

[0014] ;

[0015] ;

[0016] in, This is a polarization characteristic deviation map. The index value of the pixel. For pixels Linear polarization degree at that point For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the p-polarization component at that location. For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the s-polarization component at that location. In pixels The statistical average value of the polarization characteristics of the background region within a local window centered on the center;

[0017] Generate an adaptive fusion weight map based on polarization feature deviation map:

[0018] ;

[0019] in, For adaptive fusion weight graph, W ( x Let (x, y) be a local window centered at pixel (x, y), and k be a slope factor. For features deviating from the threshold, ( i , j ) represents the pixel index traversed within the local window of pixel point (x,y);

[0020] Based on the adaptive fusion weight map, the original intensity image and polarization feature deviation map are adaptively fused using the following formula to obtain the enhanced image:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, To enhance the image, The original intensity image, To enhance the gain coefficient.

[0023] Furthermore, the original intensity image is normalized and noise filtered.

[0024] A daytime strong light suppression optical observation method based on polarization beam splitting is implemented using a daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] S1: The pre-polarization calibration component converts the incident light into preset polarized light, and the polarization beam splitter divides the preset polarized light into s polarization component and p polarization component.

[0026] S2: The dual-channel light intensity adjustment module performs adaptive light intensity control on the s-polarization component and the p-polarization component respectively, so as to achieve dynamic range matching of the light intensity of the s-polarization component and the light intensity of the p-polarization component, and obtain the matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component.

[0027] S3: The matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component are incident on the same photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector array, and the photodetector array outputs the original intensity image based on the detection result;

[0028] S4: The polarization state correlation calculation module obtains the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the original intensity image, and adaptively fuses the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain the enhanced image.

[0029] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0030] S41: Perform data preprocessing on the original intensity image;

[0031] S42: Obtain the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the processed original intensity image:

[0032] ;

[0033] ;

[0034] in, This is a polarization characteristic deviation map. The index value of the pixel. For pixels Linear polarization degree at that point For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the p-polarization component at that location. For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the s-polarization component at that location. In pixels The statistical average value of the polarization characteristics of the background region within a local window centered on the center;

[0035] S43: Generate an adaptive fusion weight map based on polarization feature deviation map:

[0036] ;

[0037] in, For adaptive fusion weight graph, W ( x Let (x, y) be a local window centered at pixel (x, y), and k be a slope factor. For features deviating from the threshold, ( i , j ) represents the pixel index traversed within the local window of pixel point (x,y);

[0038] S44: Based on the adaptive fusion weight map, the original intensity image and polarization feature deviation map are adaptively fused using the following formula to obtain the enhanced image:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, To enhance the image, The original intensity image, To enhance the gain coefficient.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting created by the present invention uses the difference in polarization state between the target and the background to achieve signal separation, which can effectively suppress background strong light and avoid the problem of synchronous attenuation of signal and background by traditional filters, thus achieving the purpose of selective strong light suppression.

[0043] (2) The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting described in this invention forms a closed-loop control based on the dual-channel light intensity adjustment module and the polarization state correlation calculation module, which can work adaptively in a wide daytime illumination range without manual intervention.

[0044] (3) The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting created by the present invention has strong scene applicability and can be directly applied to daytime astronomical observation, industrial laser detection and other scenarios. The system has high integration and is easy to deploy and use in the field. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting described in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the polarizing beam splitter described in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of the daytime strong light suppression optical observation method based on polarization spectroscopy, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0050] 1. Pre-polarization calibration component; 2. Polarization beam splitter prism; 3. Dual-channel light intensity adjustment module; 4. Photodetector array; 5. Polarization state correlation calculation module; 11. Rotatable λ / 4 waveplate; 12. Linear polarizer; 31. Electrically controlled neutral density filter. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0052] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0054] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0055] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0056] Conducting daytime optical detection of faint targets is a key technology for achieving all-weather detection, directly supporting multiple important fields such as astronomical observation and aerospace exploration, and becoming a core technology for effectively acquiring target information. Compared to nighttime observation, the background light intensity of daytime optical detection is much higher than the target signal intensity, resulting in extremely low target contrast. This makes it difficult for the optical detection system to effectively extract target information, severely affecting the observation performance of the equipment. This problem is particularly prominent in scenarios involving faint target detection and long-range high-resolution detection.

[0057] like Figure 1As shown, this invention proposes a daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting, comprising: a pre-polarization calibration component 1, a polarization beam splitter prism 2, a dual-channel light intensity adjustment module 3, a photoelectric detection array 4, and a polarization state correlation calculation module 5, wherein...

[0058] The pre-polarization calibration component 1 is used to convert the incident light into preset polarized light. The polarization beam splitter 2 is used to divide the preset polarized light (the preset polarized light is linearly polarized, circularly polarized, or elliptically polarized) into an s-polarization component and a p-polarization component. The dual-channel light intensity adjustment module 3 is used to adaptively control the light intensity of the s-polarization component and the p-polarization component respectively, so as to achieve dynamic range matching of the light intensity of the s-polarization component and the light intensity of the p-polarization component, and obtain the matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component. The matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component are incident on the same photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector array 4. The photodetector array 4 is used to output the original intensity image based on the detection result. The polarization state correlation calculation module 5 is used to obtain the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel contained in the original intensity image, and adaptively fuse the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain the enhanced image.

[0059] It should be noted that this invention adopts a collaborative technical architecture of "polarization beam splitting - dual-channel adaptive calibration - correlation fusion". The polarization beam splitter 2 separates the incident light into a target signal (p-polarization component) and a background signal (s-polarization component) according to their polarization characteristics. The dual-channel intensity adjustment module 3 senses and calibrates the intensity difference between the two signals in real time. Then, combined with the polarization state correlation calculation module 5, the two signals are precisely calculated to achieve selective suppression of strong background light and directional enhancement of the target's weak light signal. This invention fundamentally overcomes the shortcomings of traditional filter schemes, such as information loss and inability to improve contrast. It also compensates for the insufficient adaptive capability of existing polarization optical systems. It can efficiently extract features of weak targets in a wide dynamic range lighting environment during the day, ensuring high accuracy and reliability of target detection. Furthermore, it achieves polarization state filtering of strong background light and enhanced extraction of the target signal, ultimately outputting an enhanced target image.

[0060] The pre-polarization calibration component 1 consists of a rotatable λ / 4 waveplate 11 and a linear polarizer 12. The λ / 4 waveplate is driven to rotate by a stepper motor, with a rotation angle range of 0~360° and an adjustment accuracy of 0.1°. It can convert the polarization state of the incident light into linear polarization, circular polarization, or elliptical polarization. The linear polarizer 12 is used to calibrate the polarization direction of the incident light, providing a reliable guarantee for the accuracy of the subsequent polarization beam splitting process.

[0061] The polarizing beam splitter prism 2 (PBS) is an achromatic polarizing beam splitter prism 2 with a reflectivity ≥98% for the s-polarized component and a transmittance ≥98% for the p-polarized component. Its core function is to separate the incident light into a background strong light polarization component (s-polarized component) and a target signal polarization component (p-polarized component). Background strong light, such as scattered light from the sky during the day, is mostly randomly polarized or linearly polarized in a specific direction. After calibration, it can be separated into a single polarization state component by the PBS. However, the target signal (such as reflected light from astronomical targets or laser echoes) has a different polarization state from the background and will be separated into another polarization state component. After passing through the PBS, the polarized light is separated into a background strong light polarization component (s-polarized component) and a target signal polarization component (p-polarized component), such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0062] The background strong light polarization component (s-polarization component) and the target signal polarization component (p-polarization component) are then fed into the dual-channel light intensity adjustment module 3.

[0063] The dual-channel intensity modulation module 3 includes two independent electrically controlled neutral density filters 31, located in the p-polarization channel and the s-polarization channel, respectively, corresponding to the s-polarization channel and p-polarization channel output by the PBS. Each polarization channel is equipped with an intensity sensor to collect the intensity data of the polarization components in real time, and adjust the attenuation factor of the electrically controlled neutral density filter 31 accordingly to ensure dynamic range matching of the dual-channel output intensity, thereby achieving intensity attenuation calibration of the s-polarization channel and the p-polarization channel. The polarized light output from the matched s-polarization channel and the p-polarization channel respectively enters the photodetector array 4.

[0064] The dual-channel light intensity modulation module 3 can also adopt a time-division modulated polarization imaging scheme, without the need to set up dual channels. The incident light is modulated in a time-division polarization state (such as 0° / 90° / 45° / 135° timing switch) by a rotatable polarization modulator, so that the photoelectric detection array 4 can collect light intensity data under different polarization states.

[0065] The photodetector array 4 uses an area array InGaAs detector. The photodetector array 4 will simultaneously collect the light intensity and polarization state information of the s-polarization channel and the p-polarization channel, and output it to the polarization state correlation calculation module 5.

[0066] Next, polarization state correlation is calculated on the detection data of the two polarization channels, the target signal component with a different polarization state from the background is extracted, and the enhanced target image is output.

[0067] The polarization state correlation calculation module, consisting of five parts, first extracts and quantifies the polarization features of each pixel, generates a polarization feature deviation map, and constructs an adaptive fusion function. This function collaboratively enhances the potential target information in the polarization feature deviation map with the texture information of the original intensity image, highlighting the polarization state difference between the target and the background, thus completing the extraction of the target signal component. The core function of this algorithm is to quantify and highlight the inherent differences in polarization state between the target and the background, accurately separating the target signal component with different polarization features from the mixed data of the dual polarization channels, and suppressing the interference of background polarization information.

[0068] The specific process for calculating polarization state correlation is as follows:

[0069] The essence of polarization state difference is to calculate the difference in polarization characteristics between two polarization channels (such as 0° / 90°, 45° / 135°) to distinguish the polarization response of the target from the background.

[0070] a. Data preprocessing: Preprocessing the data from the dual polarization channels (I0, I...) 90 Normalization and noise filtering are performed to eliminate acquisition errors, where I0 is the light intensity of the linearly polarized channel with a polarization direction of 0° (horizontal direction, p-polarization component), and I... 90 Intensity of linearly polarized channel light with a polarization direction of 90° (vertical direction, s-polarization component);

[0071] b. Polarization characteristic calculation: Calculate the degree of linear polarization Identify core polarization parameters and quantize the polarization state;

[0072] c. Correlation Fusion Operation: This operation aims to construct an adaptive fusion framework that organically combines the feature differences between the target and the background in the polarization dimension with the original intensity information to generate an image with significantly enhanced contrast. By extracting and quantizing the polarization features of each pixel and calculating the deviation of that pixel's polarization feature from the corresponding local background average polarization feature, a polarization feature deviation map is generated. This polarization feature deviation map quantifies the difference in polarization state between the pixel and the local background. Subsequently, a weighted fusion function is designed to synergistically enhance the information of the high-difference region (i.e., potential target) represented in the polarization feature deviation map with the texture information of the original intensity image, thereby suppressing the background and highlighting the target. The essence of this operation is to quantize the polarization state difference between the target and the background at the pixel level, allowing the target, originally hidden in a strong light background, to initially stand out in the form of "high-difference pixels."

[0073] Polarization feature deviation map for:

[0074] ;

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] in, W ( x A local window centered at pixel (x,y). i , j The (x, y) represents the pixel index traversed within the local window of the pixel point (x, y). Let (i,j) be the polarization feature at pixel (i,j) within the window. This represents the total number of valid background pixels within the window. In pixels The statistical average value of the polarization characteristics of the background region within a local window centered on the center. Measure the absolute difference between the polarization characteristics of this pixel and the typical background value. The larger the value, the greater the difference in polarization properties between the point and the background, and the more likely it is to be a target.

[0078] Next, generate the adaptive fusion weight graph:

[0079] To smoothly control the fusion ratio, a polarization feature deviation map is used. Generate a weighted graph Achieve a smooth transition from background to target using a sigmoid function:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, The final adaptive fusion weight map is represented; k represents the slope factor, controlling the steepness of the transition region. A larger k value results in a steeper threshold. The transitions nearby are sharper. The feature deviation threshold is used to define the level of feature deviation between the "background" and the "target". It can be adaptively set according to the background statistical characteristics (mean, variance).

[0082] Next, generate the enhanced image:

[0083] Compare the original intensity image I(x,y) with the polarization feature deviation map. Adaptive fusion is performed to obtain the enhanced image F(x,y), as shown in the following formula:

[0084] ;

[0085] in: To enhance the gain coefficient ( This controls the modulation intensity of polarization feature information on the final brightness.

[0086] like Figure 3As shown, this invention also proposes a daytime strong light suppression optical observation method based on polarization spectroscopy, which is implemented using a daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization spectroscopy, specifically including the following steps:

[0087] S1: The pre-polarization calibration component 1 converts the incident light into preset polarized light, and the polarization beam splitter 2 divides the preset polarized light into s polarization component and p polarization component.

[0088] S2: The dual-channel light intensity adjustment module 3 performs adaptive light intensity control on the s-polarization component and the p-polarization component respectively, so as to achieve dynamic range matching of the light intensity of the s-polarization component and the light intensity of the p-polarization component, and obtain the matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component.

[0089] S3: The matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component are incident on the same photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector array 4, and the photodetector array 4 outputs the original intensity image based on the detection result;

[0090] S4: The polarization state correlation calculation module has 5 blocks. It obtains the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the original intensity image, and performs adaptive fusion of the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain the enhanced image.

[0091] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0092] S41: Perform data preprocessing on the original intensity image;

[0093] S42: Obtain the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the processed original intensity image:

[0094] ;

[0095] ;

[0096] in, This is a polarization characteristic deviation map. The index value of the pixel. For pixels Linear polarization degree at that point For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the p-polarization component at that location. For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the s-polarization component at that location. In pixels The statistical average value of the polarization characteristics of the background region within a local window centered on the center;

[0097] S43: Generate an adaptive fusion weight map based on polarization feature deviation map:

[0098] ;

[0099] in, For adaptive fusion weight graph, W ( x Let (x, y) be a local window centered at pixel (x, y), and k be a slope factor. For features deviating from the threshold, ( i , j ) represents the pixel index traversed within the local window of pixel point (x,y);

[0100] S44: Based on the adaptive fusion weight map, the original intensity image and polarization feature deviation map are adaptively fused using the following formula to obtain the enhanced image:

[0101] ;

[0102] in, To enhance the image, The original intensity image, To enhance the gain coefficient.

[0103] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this invention disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0104] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting, characterized in that: include: The components include a pre-polarization calibration component, a polarization beam splitter prism, a dual-channel intensity tuning module, a photoelectric detector array, and a polarization state correlation calculation module. The pre-polarization calibration component converts the incident light into preset polarized light. The polarization beam splitter separates the preset polarized light into s-polarization and p-polarization components. The dual-channel intensity adjustment module adaptively controls the intensity of the s-polarization and p-polarization components to achieve dynamic range matching between the intensity of the s-polarization and p-polarization components, obtaining the matched s-polarization and p-polarization components. The matched s-polarization and p-polarization components are incident on the same photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector array. The photodetector array outputs the original intensity image based on the detection results. The polarization state correlation calculation module obtains the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the original intensity image, and adaptively fuses the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain the enhanced image.

2. The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset polarized light is linearly polarized, circularly polarized, or elliptically polarized.

3. The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarizing beam splitter has a reflectivity of ≥98% for the s-polarized component and a transmittance of ≥98% for the p-polarized component.

4. The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-channel light intensity adjustment module includes a p-polarization channel and an s-polarization channel. Both the p-polarization channel and the s-polarization channel include an electrically controlled neutral density filter and a light intensity sensor arranged sequentially.

5. The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific processing procedure of the polarization state correlation calculation module is as follows: Perform data preprocessing on the original intensity image; A polarization feature deviation map is obtained based on the polarization information of each pixel in the processed original intensity image: ； ； in, This is a polarization characteristic deviation map. The index value of the pixel. For pixels Linear polarization degree at that point For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the p-polarization component at that location. For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the s-polarization component at that location. In pixels The statistical average value of the polarization characteristics of the background region within a local window centered on the center; Generate an adaptive fusion weight map based on polarization feature deviation map: ； in, For adaptive fusion weight graph, W ( x Let (x, y) be a local window centered at pixel (x, y), and k be a slope factor. For features deviating from the threshold, ( i , j ) represents the pixel index traversed within the local window of pixel point (x,y); Based on the adaptive fusion weight map, the original intensity image and polarization feature deviation map are adaptively fused using the following formula to obtain the enhanced image: ； in, To enhance the image, The original intensity image, To enhance the gain coefficient.

6. The daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The original intensity image is normalized and noise filtered.

7. A daytime strong light suppression optical observation method based on polarization beam splitting, implemented using the daytime strong light suppression optical observation system based on polarization beam splitting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically, the steps include the following: S1: The pre-polarization calibration component converts the incident light into preset polarized light, and the polarization beam splitter divides the preset polarized light into s polarization component and p polarization component. S2: The dual-channel light intensity adjustment module performs adaptive light intensity control on the s-polarization component and the p-polarization component respectively, so as to achieve dynamic range matching of the light intensity of the s-polarization component and the light intensity of the p-polarization component, and obtain the matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component. S3: The matched s-polarization component and p-polarization component are incident on the same photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector array, and the photodetector array outputs the original intensity image based on the detection result; S4: The polarization state correlation calculation module obtains the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the original intensity image, and adaptively fuses the original intensity image and the polarization feature deviation map to obtain the enhanced image.

8. The daytime strong light suppression optical observation method based on polarization beam splitting according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Perform data preprocessing on the original intensity image; S42: Obtain the polarization feature deviation map based on the polarization information of each pixel in the processed original intensity image: ； ； in, This is a polarization characteristic deviation map. The index value of the pixel. For pixels Linear polarization degree at that point For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the p-polarization component at that location. For pixels The light intensity value corresponding to the s-polarization component at that location. In pixels The statistical average value of the polarization characteristics of the background region within a local window centered on the center; S43: Generate an adaptive fusion weight map based on polarization feature deviation map: ； in, For adaptive fusion weight graph, W ( x Let (x, y) be a local window centered at pixel (x, y), and k be a slope factor. For features deviating from the threshold, ( i , j ) represents the pixel index traversed within the local window of pixel point (x,y); S44: Based on the adaptive fusion weight map, the original intensity image and polarization feature deviation map are adaptively fused using the following formula to obtain the enhanced image: ； in, To enhance the image, The original intensity image, To enhance the gain coefficient.

Images