Intelligent access traffic switching, steering and offloading

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE), a first message from a first apparatus of a first access network, the first message including an indication that one or more network nodes of a second access network are in a sleep state. The UE determines to wake up a first network node of the second access network from the sleep state and transmits a second message to the first device of the first access network, the second message comprising a request to wake up the first network node of the second network access network from the sleep state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The various example implementations generally relate to wireless networks, and more specifically to intelligent access traffic switching, routing, and offloading. Background Technology

[0002] Access Traffic Guided Handover and Offloading (ATSSS) is a feature that can be supported by User Equipment (UE) and the 5G core network. ATSSS enables Multi-Access (MA) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) connectivity service, which allows PDU exchange between the UE and a data network (e.g., the Internet) by simultaneously using both 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks, and through two independent N3 / N9 tunnels between the PDU Session Anchor (PSA) (which terminates the PDU session within the 5G core network at the N6 interface) and the Radio Access Network / Access Network (RAN / AN). MA-PDU connectivity service is achieved by establishing an MA-PDU session (e.g., a PDU session including user plane resources on both access networks, such as a 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks). To establish an MA-PDU session, Single Network Slice Selection Assist Information (S-NSSAI) for the PDU session allows for communication between both 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks. When a UE registers through both a 3GPP access network and a non-3GPP access network, or when a UE registers through either access network, the UE may request an MA-PDU session. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving a first message by a user equipment (UE) from a first device of a first access network, the first message including an indication of one or more network nodes of a second access network that are in a sleep state. The UE determines to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state and transmits a second message to the first device of the first access network, the second message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state.

[0004] In one aspect of the method, the UE determines to wake up the first network node from a sleep state based on determining that it requests a service from a second access network.

[0005] In one aspect of the method, the UE determines to wake up the first network node from a sleep state based on a voice call request from a second access network.

[0006] In one aspect of the method, the UE determines to wake up the first network node from a sleep state based on determining changes in the first access network.

[0007] In one aspect of the method, changes in the first access network include service degradation from the first access network.

[0008] In one aspect of the method, the method further includes the UE registering with a first access network and a second access network.

[0009] In one aspect of the method, the first message includes an indication of at least a first network node of the second access network and a second access node of the second access network.

[0010] In one aspect of the method, the first network node and the second network node are included in a list of neighboring cells.

[0011] In one aspect of the method, the UE selects a first network node of the second access network to wake it from sleep state based on the fact that the first network node is at the top of the list of camped cells.

[0012] In one aspect of the method, determining that a first network node of the second access network is awakened from a sleep state is based on the position of the first network node relative to the first access network.

[0013] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving a first message from at least a first network node of the second access network by a first device of a first access network and a second access network, the first message including an indication that the first network node has entered a sleep state; transmitting a second message to a first user equipment (UE) by the first device of the first and second access networks, the second message including an indication that the first network node of the second access network has entered a sleep state; receiving a third message from the first UE by the first device of the first and second access networks, the third message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state; and transmitting a fourth message to the first network node of the second access network, the fourth message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the second access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0014] In one aspect of the method, the first message includes information related to one or more UEs associated with the first network node.

[0015] In one aspect of the method, the information associated with one or more UEs includes information associated with a first UE.

[0016] In one aspect of the method, the method further includes determining by the first means that the first UE is affected because the first network node has entered a sleep state.

[0017] In one aspect of the method, the determination is based on the location of the first UE.

[0018] In one aspect of the method, the determination is based on the location of the first network node.

[0019] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method includes: determining, by a first network node of a first access network, that it has entered a sleep state; the first network node of the first access network transmitting a first message to a first device of a first access network and a second access network, the first message including an indication that the first node is entering a sleep state; and receiving a second message from the first device of the first access network and the second access network, the second message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the first access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0020] In one aspect of the method, a first network node of a first access network determines whether to enter a sleep state based on the number of user equipments (UEs) connected to the first network node of the first access network.

[0021] In one aspect of the method, no UE is connected to the first network node of the first access network.

[0022] In one aspect of the method, the number of UEs connected to the first network node of the first access network is below a threshold.

[0023] In one aspect of the method, the first message includes information related to a UE connected to a first network node of a first access network.

[0024] In one aspect of the method, the first message includes information about neighboring cells of a network node (including the first network node) of the first access network.

[0025] In one aspect of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to perform at least one of the foregoing methods.

[0026] In one aspect of this disclosure, the apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least one of the aforementioned methods.

[0027] In one aspect of this disclosure, a processor-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform at least any of the aforementioned methods.

[0028] The subject matter of the independent claims is provided for some aspects. Other aspects are defined in the dependent claims. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of wireless networking between a network system and a user equipment (UE) according to an aspect of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an example component of a network system according to an exemplary aspect of this disclosure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an example architecture for intelligent access traffic switching, redirection, and offloading according to an exemplary aspect of this disclosure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of signaling and operation between a UE, a non-3GPP access node, a 3GPP access node, and a UPF according to one aspect of this disclosure; and Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a component of a UE or network device according to an exemplary aspect of this disclosure.

[0031] Detailed description In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed aspects. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the aspects can be practiced without one or more of these specific details or using other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures associated with transmitters, receivers, or transceivers have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the descriptions of the aspects.

[0032] The reference to "an aspect" or "one aspect" in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that aspect is included in at least one aspect. Therefore, the phrases "in one aspect" or "in one aspect" appearing throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same aspect. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in one or more aspects in any suitable manner.

[0033] The embodiments described in this disclosure can be implemented in wireless network devices, such as, but not limited to, devices utilizing global microwave access interoperability (WiMAX), global mobile communication system (GSM, 2G), GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN), general packet radio service (GPRS), general mobile communication system based on basic wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) (UMTS, 3G), high-speed packet access (HSPA), long-term evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced LTE (eLTE), 5G New Radio (5GNR), 5G Advance, 6G (and later), and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6). The term 'eLTE' here refers to LTE evolution connected to a 5G core network. LTE is also referred to as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (EUTRA) or evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN).

[0034] This disclosure may use the term "serving network device" to refer to a network node or network device (or part thereof) that provides services to a UE. As used herein, the terms "transmit to," "receive from," and "cooperate with" (and variations thereof) include communications that may or may not involve communication through one or more intermediate devices or nodes. The term "acquire" (and variations thereof) includes an initial acquisition or a subsequent acquisition. The term "connection" may refer to a physical connection or a logical connection.

[0035] This disclosure uses 5G NR as an example of a wireless network, and may use smartphones and / or extended reality headsets as examples of UEs. It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only, and this disclosure applies to other wireless networks and user equipment.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a diagram depicting an example of wireless networking between a network system 100 and a user equipment (UE) 150. The network system 100 may include one or more network nodes 120, one or more servers 110, and / or one or more network devices 130 (e.g., test devices). The network nodes 120 will be described in more detail below. As used herein, the term "network device" may refer to any component of the network system 100, such as the server 110, the network node 120, the network device 130, any of the foregoing components, and / or any other component of the network system 100. Examples of network devices include, but are not limited to, devices for implementing various aspects of 5G NR, and other devices. This disclosure describes embodiments related to 5G NR and embodiments relating to aspects defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, it is contemplated that embodiments related to other wireless networking technologies are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0037] The following description provides further details on examples of network nodes. In a 5G NR network, a gNodeB (also known as a gNB) may include, for example, a node that provides the UE with New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol termination and connects to the 5G core network (5GC) via an NG interface, as per Section 3.2 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.6.0 (2021-06), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

[0038] gNB supports various protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) – the physical layer, Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3).

[0039] NR's Layer 2 (L2) is divided into the following sublayers: Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), among which, for example: The physical layer provides a transmission channel to the MAC sublayer; The MAC sublayer provides logical channels to the RLC sublayer; The RLC sublayer provides RLC channels to the PDCP sublayer; The PDCP sublayer provides radio bearers to the SDAP sublayer; The SDAP sublayer provides Quality of Service (QoS) flows to 5GC; The control channels include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and the Physical Control Channel (PCCH).

[0040] Layer 3 (L3) includes, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) according to Section 6 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.6.0 (2021-06), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0041] A gNB central unit (gNB-CU) includes, for example, a logical node that hosts, the radio resource control (RRC), serving data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of a gNB, or the RRC and PDCP protocols of an en-gNB. This logical node controls the operation of one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs). The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. The gNB-CU may also be referred to herein as a CU, central unit, centralized unit, or control unit.

[0042] A gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU) comprises, for example, a logical node that hosts the Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC), and Physical (PHY) layers of a gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partially controlled by the gNB-CU. A gNB-DU supports one or more cells. A cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-CU. The gNB-DU may also be referred to herein as a DU or Distributed Unit.

[0043] As used herein, the term "network node" can refer to any one of a gNB, gNB-CU, or gNB-DU, or any combination thereof. RAN (Radio Access Network) nodes or network nodes, such as gNB, gNB-CU, or gNB-DU, or portions thereof, can be implemented using, for example, means having at least one processor and / or at least one memory having processor-readable instructions ("program") configured to support and / or provide and / or process CU and / or DU-related functions and / or features, and / or at least one protocol (sub) layer of the RAN (Radio Access Network), such as layer 2 and / or layer 3. Different functional divisions may exist between central units and distributed units. The following will combine... Figure 5 Examples describing such devices and components.

[0044] The gNB-CU and gNB-DU portions can, for example, be co-located or physically separated. The gNB-DU can even be further divided, for example, into two parts, one including processing equipment and the other including an antenna. The Central Unit (CU) can also be referred to as a Baseband Unit / Radio Equipment Controller / Cloud RAN / Virtual RAN (BBU / REC / C-RAN / V-RAN), Open RAN (O-RAN), or a portion thereof. The Distributed Unit (DU) can also be referred to as a Remote Radio Header / Remote Radio Unit / Radio Equipment / Radio Unit (RRH / RRU / RE / RU), or a portion thereof. In the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, a network node supporting at least one of the Central Unit functions or Layer 3 protocols of the Radio Access Network can, for example, be a gNB-CU. Similarly, a network node supporting at least one of the Distributed Unit functions or Layer 2 protocols of the Radio Access Network can, for example, be a gNB-DU.

[0045] A gNB-CU can support one or more gNB-DUs. A gNB-DU can support one or more cells, and therefore can support the serving cell of a user equipment (UE) or a candidate cell for procedures such as handover, dual connectivity, and / or carrier aggregation.

[0046] User equipment (UE) 150 may be or include wireless or mobile devices, devices having a wireless interface for interacting with a RAN (Radio Access Network), smartphones, in-vehicle devices, IoT devices, or M2M devices, and other types of user equipment. Such a UE 150 may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the device to perform at least certain operations, such as, for example, an RRC connection with the RAN. Examples of UE components will be combined. Figure 5 The following description is provided. In an embodiment, UE 150 may be configured to generate messages (e.g., including a cell ID) to be transmitted via radio toward the RAN (e.g., to reach and communicate with the serving cell). In an embodiment, UE 150 may generate, transmit, and receive RRC messages containing one or more RRC PDUs (Packet Data Units). Those skilled in the art will understand the RRC protocol and other processes that the UE may perform.

[0047] Continue to refer to Figure 1 In the example of a 5G NR network, network system 100 provides one or more cells that define the coverage area of ​​network system 100. As described above, network system 100 may include a gNB of the 5G NR network, or may include any other means configured to control radio communications and manage radio resources within the cell. As used herein, the term "resource" may refer to radio resources such as resource blocks (RBs), physical resource blocks (PRBs), radio frames, subframes, time slots, subbands, frequency regions, subcarriers, beams, etc. In embodiments, network node 120 may be referred to as a base station.

[0048] Figure 1 An example is provided, which is merely an illustration of network system 100 and UE 150. Those skilled in the art will understand that network system 100 includes... Figure 1 Components not shown in the diagram, and it will be understood that other user equipment can communicate with the network system 100.

[0049] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of example components of network system 100. A 5G NR network can be described as an example of network system 100, and the aspects described below are also intended to be applicable to other types of network systems. The network system can be configured according to... Figure 1The signals and connections shown operate to enable UE 150 to communicate with network system 100 via radio access network 225. Additionally, the network system can be divided into user plane components and functions and control plane components and functions, as shown and described herein. Unless otherwise stated, the terms "component," "function," and "service" are used interchangeably herein and can refer to and be implemented by instructions executed by one or more processors.

[0050] The following describes example functionality of the components. This example functionality is for illustrative purposes only; it should be understood that the components described herein can perform additional operations and functions. Furthermore, connections between components can be virtual connections based on service interfaces, allowing any component to communicate with any other component. In this way, any component can act as a service "producer," providing network functionality services to any other component acting as a service "consumer."

[0051] For example, a core network 210 is described in the control plane of the network system. The core network 210 may include an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 211, an Access and Mobility Function (AMF) 212, and a Session Management Function (SMF) 213. The core network 210 may also include a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 214, a Network Open Function (NEF) 215, a Network Storage Function (NRF) 216, and a Unified Data Management Function (UDM) 217, which may include a Unified Data Repository (UDR) 224.

[0052] Additional components and functions of the core network 210 may include application functions 218, policy control functions (PCF) 219, network data analysis functions (NWDAF) 220, analytical data storage functions (ADRF) 221, management data analysis functions (MDAF) 222, and operation and management functions (OAM) 223.

[0053] The user plane includes UE 150, Radio Access Network (RAN) 225, User Plane Function (UPF) 226, and Data Network (DN) 227. RAN 225 may include a combination of Figure 1 The RAN 225 describes one or more components, such as one or more network nodes. However, the RAN 225 may not be limited to these components. The UPF 226 provides connectivity for data transmitted through the RAN 225. The DN 226, for example, identifies services from service providers, internet access, and third-party services.

[0054] AMF 212 handles connectivity and mobility tasks. AUSF 211 receives authentication requests from AMF 212 and interacts with UDM 217 to authenticate and verify network responses, thereby determining whether authentication was successful. SMF 213 performs Packet Data Unit (PDU) session management and, together with UPF 226, manages session context.

[0055] NSSF 214 can select a Network Slice Instance (NSI) and determine the allowed Network Slice Selection Auxiliary Information (NSSAI). This selection and determination are used to set up AMF 212 to provide services to UE 150. NEF 215 provides third parties with secure access to network services to create private network services. NRF 216 serves as a repository for storing network functions, allowing these functions to register and discover each other.

[0056] UDM 217 generates authentication vectors for use by AUSF 211 and ADM 212 and provides user identity processing. UDM 217 can connect to UDR 224, which stores data related to authentication, applications, etc. AF 218 provides application services (e.g., streaming media services) to users. PCF 219 provides policy control functions. For example, PCF 219 can assist with network slicing and mobility management, as well as provide Quality of Service (QoS) and accounting functions.

[0057] NWDAF 220 collects data (e.g., from UE 150 and network systems) to perform network analytics and provide insights to functions that utilize said analytics in providing services. ADRF 221 allows consumers to store, retrieve, and delete data and analytics. MDAF 222 provides additional data analytics services for network functions. OAM 223 provides provisioning and management processing functions to manage elements in or connected to the network (e.g., UE 150, network nodes, etc.).

[0058] Figure 2 This is merely one example of a network system component, and variations are considered within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the network system may include... Figure 2 Other components not shown. In embodiments, the network system may not include... Figure 2 Each component is shown in the diagram. In embodiments, components and connections can be used with... Figure 2 The connections shown are implemented using different connections. In embodiments, the core network may include more or fewer components. In various embodiments, some components shown outside the core network may reside within the core network, and some components shown inside the core network may reside outside the core network. Such and other embodiments are considered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0059] As used herein, in various example embodiments, a 3GPP access network can refer to a wireless communication network defined by 3GPP radio standards. As used herein, in various example embodiments, a non-3GPP access network can refer to a radio access network such as a Wi-Fi network or a non-terrestrial network (NTN). Those skilled in the art will understand that a UE can communicate in a non-3GPP network.

[0060] As used herein, communication with the Radio Access Network (RAN) can refer to and means communication with a portion of the RAN, such as communication with network nodes (e.g., DU and / or CU) or another portion of the RAN. As used herein, communication with the core network can refer to and means communication with one or more services / applications of the core network, such as AMF or another service of the core network. As used herein, the terms "neighbor" and "neighbour" are used interchangeably (e.g., to refer to neighboring cells).

[0061] In various example embodiments, a Multi-Access (MA) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) connectivity service can be established, allowing PDU exchange between a UE (e.g., UE 150) and a data network (e.g., the Internet) by simultaneously using both 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks. In various embodiments, the MA-PDU connectivity service can be enabled via an MA-PDU session through Access Service Guided Handover and Offloading (ATSSS) features implemented by the UE and the 5G access network. When an MA-PDU session is established, the network to which the UE is connected (e.g., a 3GPP access network and / or a non-3GPP access network) can provide the UE with measurement assistance information. This information assists the UE in determining which measurements to perform on the two access networks and whether measurement reports need to be sent to one or more networks to which the UE is connected.

[0062] In various example embodiments, the measurement assistance information includes addressing information for the Performance Measurement Function (PMF) in the UPF, to which the UE can send PMF protocol messages. In various embodiments, for Internet Protocol (IP) type PDU sessions, the measurement assistance information may include an IP address for the PMF, a UDP port associated with a 3GPP access network, and a UDP port associated with a non-3GPP access network. In various embodiments, PMF messages sent by the UE to one of these UDP ports are transmitted to the UPF via a Quality of Service (QoS) stream associated with QoS rules (e.g., QoS default rules), as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0063] In various embodiments, for an Ethernet-type PDU session, measurement assistance information may include a Media Access Control (MAC) address associated with a 3GPP access network and another MAC address associated with a non-3GPP access network. In various embodiments, a PMF message sent by the UE to one of these MAC addresses is transmitted to the UPF via a QoS stream associated with a QoS rule (e.g., a default QoS rule).

[0064] In some examples, the various network components of a cell (e.g., components of network system 100 described above) may include a small number of connected devices (e.g., UEs), or even no connected devices at all. To conserve energy in these components, the cell may decide to enter a sleep state, which allows one or more network components to enter a reduced-power mode. Energy-saving benefits can be achieved through coordination between the access networks that the UE may connect to. For example, if the capacity (or coverage) provided by the current non-3GPP access network to which the UE is connected is sufficient to serve the UE, the 3GPP cell to which the UE is connected can utilize a deeper energy sleep state to conserve energy. The deeper energy sleep state of the 3GPP cell can be utilized, for example, by using Discontinuous Transmission (DTX), a technique that conserves network energy by turning radio units (e.g., power amplifiers) on / off when no transmission is in progress.

[0065] Therefore, example techniques for achieving energy efficiency in 3GPP or non-3GPP access networks using the ATSSS framework are described below in various embodiments, when service requirements can be handled by one of the networks.

[0066] Figure 3 This is a diagram of an example architecture 300 for intelligent access traffic switching, bootstrapping, and offloading according to one aspect of this disclosure. In various embodiments, access to the UPF is provided to enable interfaces from 3GPP access networks (e.g., RAN) and / or non-3GPP access networks. In various embodiments, the interface may be a direct interface between the 3GPP RAN and / or non-3GPP access and the UPF, utilizing the Performance Measurement Function (PMF) protocol. In various embodiments, a set of UPF IP addresses and their respective PMF UDP destination ports may be provided to 3GPP access nodes (e.g., gNodeB, RAN 225) or non-3GPP access nodes (e.g., WiFi routers / access points).

[0067] Therefore, as Figure 3As shown, the example architecture 300 includes a UE 150, a 3GPP access node (e.g., gNodeB, RAN225), a non-3GPP access node (e.g., a wireless router / access point), an AMF 212, an SMF 213, a PCF 219, a UPF 226, and a data network (e.g., the Internet).

[0068] In various embodiments, UE 150 may include a Multipath Transport Protocol (MPTCP) function (or functionality) that allows UE 150 to conduct TCP sessions via multiple paths. For example, the MPTCP function may allow UE 150 to communicate via TCP protocol through a 3GPP node to which it is connected or a non-3GPP node to which it is connected. Furthermore, in various embodiments, UE 150 may include an ATSSS Lower Layer (LL) function (or functionality) that allows the UE to perform functionality according to the ATSSS framework, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0069] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, UE 150 connects to both a 3GPP access node and a non-3GPP access node. In various example embodiments, the connection between UE 150 and the 3GPP access node and the non-3GPP access node can be a wireless connection. For example, UE 150 can connect to the 3GPP access node via a wireless cellular connection, while UE 150 can connect to the non-3GPP access node via a WiFi (e.g., IEEE 802.xx) connection.

[0070] In various embodiments, 3GPP access nodes and non-3GPP access nodes can connect to AMF 212 via the N2 interface. Furthermore, UE 150 can connect to AMF 212 via the N1 interface of a 3GPP access node. Additionally, in various embodiments, 3GPP access nodes and non-3GPP access nodes can connect to UPF 226 via the N3 interface. Furthermore, all 3GPP access nodes can include PMF functions for communicating with associated PMF functions residing in UPF 226. In various embodiments, UPF 226 includes MPTCP functionality.

[0071] In various example embodiments, UPF 226 communicates with SMF via interface N4 and with the data network via interface N6. In various embodiments, SMF 213 communicates with AMF via interface N11 and with PCF 219 via interface N7. Although various interfaces are shown, those skilled in the art will understand... Figure 3 Other example interfaces through which the components shown can communicate.

[0072] Therefore, in various example embodiments, Figure 3An architecture is provided in which a UE, a 3GPP node, a non-3GPP node, and a UPF can conduct MA-PDU sessions, wherein the UE can connect to both the 3GPP node and the non-3GPP node. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the ATSSS framework can be used to achieve energy savings when service demands can be accommodated by either the 3GPP access network or the non-3GPP access network. To achieve energy savings, the UE may need to know which cells (e.g., 3GPP nodes) are in a sleep state so that the UE can request to wake up the cells when it determines that it needs to connect.

[0073] While more details are provided below, this document briefly describes a technique for providing a UE with information about cells in a sleep state and for waking up these cells when needed by the UE. For example, in various embodiments, a UE registered with a 3GPP access network and a non-3GPP access network (which includes at least one active PDU session established via one of the access networks to a UPF with ATSSS capability) receives information about potential neighbors or serving nodes (e.g., 3GPP nodes) in a sleep state. In various embodiments, the sleep state can be transmitted via a system information message. In various embodiments, the UE can determine the need for a connection to a node in a sleep state and (e.g., via a PMF protocol) transmit a request to change the state of the node from sleep to wake-up.

[0074] In various embodiments, a UPF with ATSSS capability can receive indications from network nodes with MA-PDU capability (e.g., 3GPP access nodes) regarding their state changes (e.g., downlink (DL) transmission state entering sleep mode). The UPF can retrieve necessary network node information, such as system information and cell information, and determine whether information about the network node or multiple network nodes entering sleep mode needs to be provided to the UE with MA-PDU capability. In various embodiments, the UPF can enable procedures for the UE to request state changes of network nodes (e.g., transmission of System Information Block (SIB) or cell wake-up messages).

[0075] In various embodiments, a UE with MA-PDU capability can use system information blocks received from the UPF to determine whether cell service from a 3GPP access node is available when needed, without having to perform a cell selection scan based on the sleep state knowledge of cells within its area provided by the system information block. When cell service from, for example, a 3GPP access node is needed and the UE determines that the 3GPP access node is in a sleep state, it can send cell wake-up messages to several candidate cells via the UPF. Furthermore, if the validity period associated with the system information block provided by the UPF expires while the 3GPP access node continues to utilize the sleep state, the UE can request an updated SIB from the UPF.

[0076] In various embodiments, a network node (e.g., a 3GPP access node) can notify a UPF with ATSSS capability of a change in its sleep state via messaging. The network node can transmit information about its configuration and broadcast system information to the UPF and monitor UPF PMF protocol messages requesting a change from its cell's sleep state. In various embodiments, the network node can change its state from sleep to wake-up upon receiving a request to change its sleep state.

[0077] Although for illustrative purposes, the terms "network node" and "serving node" in the above text may refer to a 3GPP access node, they may refer to any access point (e.g., a non-3GPP node) through which the UE can establish a connection with the data network via the UPF.

[0078] Based on the above brief description, Figure 4 This is a diagram of an example embodiment of signaling and operation 400 between a UE, a non-3GPP access node, a 3GPP access node, and a UPF according to one aspect of this disclosure. The following paragraphs will describe various signals and operations. It should be understood that the described signals may have associated operations, and the described operations may have associated signals.

[0079] In Operation 401, the UE registers with both the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network. For example, the UE can use registration techniques known to those skilled in the art to register with both the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network.

[0080] At operation 402, the UE establishes and maintains an active PDU session / context with a non-3GPP access network node. During this session, at operation 403, the 3GPP access node (e.g., 3GPP RAN) may determine to transition to a deeper sleep state (e.g., sleep state). In various embodiments, the 3GPP access node may determine that few or no UEs are connected and have active communication sessions with the 3GPP access node. In this case, the 3GPP access node may know that the UE is having an MA-PDU session with a non-3GPP access node capable of providing connection services to the UE. In various embodiments, the 3GPP access node may notify the UE having the MA-PDU session by the AMF (e.g., during setup or during configuration modification).

[0081] Once a 3GPP access node determines it is entering a sleep state, in operation 404, the 3GPP access node transmits a PMF protocol message to the UPF, notifying the UPF that the 3GPP access node is entering a network (NW) power-saving mode (e.g., sleep state), and the UPF receives the message notifying the UPF that the 3GPP access node is entering the network power-saving mode. In various embodiments, the message notifying the UPF that the 3GPP access node is entering the sleep state may include information about the UE participating in an MA-PDU session that may require a service orientation change. In various embodiments, the information about the UE may include the UE's IP address and / or its GTP-U tunnel identifier.

[0082] Upon receiving the message in operation 404, in operation 405, the UPF ATSSS function determines which UEs are affected by the 3GPP access node state change. In various embodiments, the determination in operation 405 may be based on the location of the UE, which may be derived from the UE's IP address. In various embodiments, the determination may be performed based on previously received information from the UE (e.g., via a PMF access report from the UE, which includes information such as cell identifier, Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) identifier, Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), etc.).

[0083] In operation 406, the UPF (via the ATSSS function) determines a guidance decision for the UE affected by the 3GPP access node entering sleep mode. In various embodiments, when the 3GPP node is entering sleep mode, the UPF may handover or redirect services via the non-3GPP access node. In other various embodiments, when the 3GPP access node exits sleep mode, the UPF may handover, redirect, or offload services between the 3GPP access node and a non-3GPP access node.

[0084] Once a determination is made in operation 406, in operation 407, the UPF transmits a PMF protocol state change message to the UE (e.g., the affected UE), and the UE receives the state change message. In various embodiments, the state change message may include a 3GPP cell system information message. The UE may store this information in case the UE needs to access a 3GPP cell in a sleep state (e.g., deep sleep). In various embodiments, the UE may request a cell system information message whose validity is about to expire via the PMF function, and may include a cell identifier (e.g., PLMN, cell identifier, etc.). If the information is stored in the UPF, the UPF may provide the requested information, or it may request the information from the 3GPP access node via the PMF function.

[0085] In operation 408, any ATSSS change can be applied based on the determination in operation 406. In various embodiments, the UE can interrupt communication with the 3GPP access node and perform MA-PDU sessions only with the non-3GPP access node.

[0086] In operation 409, the UE may determine that it needs to access the 3GPP access network. In various embodiments, the UE may need to perform a voice call or any other operation requiring connection to the 3GPP access network. In some embodiments, the UE may determine that the connection via the non-3GPP access node has degraded and that the UE needs to connect to the 3GPP access network.

[0087] In various embodiments, the UE may refer to a list of last camped cells owned by the UE and may determine cells in deep sleep. If the UE cannot find an active cell for communication, the UE may initiate a request via the PMF protocol to wake up a cell in deep sleep. In operation 410, the UE transmits a PMF protocol message to the UPF to request a state change of the sleeping cell (Cell Network Energy Saving (NES) mode state change request), and the UPF receives the message requesting a state change of the sleeping cell sent to the UPF. In various embodiments, the UE may provide the cell identifier and / or the location of the cell to be woken up by the 3GPP access node.

[0088] In operation 411, upon receiving the UE requesting a state change message, the UPF can initiate a PMF procedure to wake up the cell using the stored IP address of the sleeping cell. In various embodiments, in operation 411, the UPF transmits a cell wake-up request message to the 3GPP access node via the PMF protocol, and the 3GPP access node receives the cell wake-up request message. In various embodiments, the cell wake-up request message may include a cell identifier and / or the cell's location.

[0089] After the 3GPP access node receives the cell wake-up request message, in operation 412, the 3GPP access node transitions from NES mode (e.g., sleep / deep sleep). In operation 413, the 3GPP access node transmits / broadcasts a synchronization signal block (SSB) and a system information block (SIB) to the UE, and the UE receives the SSB and SIB. The UE can then camp and access the cell accordingly. For example, in operation 414, the UE can establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the 3GPP access node. Those skilled in the art will understand the RRC protocol and other procedures that the UE can execute to establish communication with the 3GPP access node. In various embodiments, the UPF ATSSS function can redirect the UE based on a new state of the 3GPP access node (e.g., wake-up).

[0090] Figure 4 The operations described are illustrative only, and variations are expected within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the operations may include... Figure 4 Other operations not shown. In an embodiment, these operations may not include... Figure 4 Each operation is shown in the diagram. In an embodiment, the operation can be performed in conjunction with... Figure 4 The different sequences of implementation are shown. Such and other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that, although various example components are described to perform various functions, other components may perform those functions described in method 400.

[0091] The following description of the operation is from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, a method may include the UE receiving a first message from a first device in a first access network, the first message including an indication of one or more network nodes in a second access network that are in a sleep state. The UE determines to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state and transmits a second message to the first device in the first access network, the second message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state.

[0092] The operation is described below from the perspective of a network component (e.g., a UPF). From this perspective, a method includes receiving a first message from a first device of a first access network and a second access network, the first message including an indication that the first network node has entered a sleep state. The first device of the first and second access networks transmits a second message to a UE, the second message including an indication that the first network node of the second access network has entered a sleep state. The first device of the first and second access networks receives a third message from the first UE, the third message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second access network from a sleep state, and transmits a fourth message to the first network node of the second access network, the fourth message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the second access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0093] The operation is described below from the perspective of a 3GPP node. From this perspective, a method may include a first network node of a first access network determining that it is entering a sleep state. The first network node of the first access network transmits a first message to a first device of the first access network and a first device of the second access network, the first message including an indication that the first node is entering a sleep state, and receives a second message from the first device of the first access network and the second access network, the second message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the first access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0094] Now for reference Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a block diagram of example components of a UE or network device (e.g., a RAN or core network). The device includes electronic memory 510, a processor 520, a network interface 540, and memory 550. The various components can be communicatively coupled to each other. The processor 520 can be and may include any type of processor, such as a single-core central processing unit (CPU), a multi-core CPU, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a system-on-a-chip (SoC), or any other type of processor. The memory 550 can be a volatile type of memory, such as RAM, or a non-volatile type of memory, such as NAND flash memory. The memory 550 includes processor-readable instructions executable by the processor 520 to cause the device to perform various operations, including those mentioned herein, such as... Figure 3-4 The operation.

[0095] The electronic memory 510 can be and includes any type of electronic memory for storing data, such as hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical disks and / or other non-transitory computer-readable media, as well as other types of electronic memory. The electronic memory 510 stores processor-readable instructions for causing or configuring the device to perform its operations, and also stores data related to these operations, such as data related to the 5G NR standard and other data. The network interface 540 can implement wireless network technologies, such as 5G NR and / or other wireless network technologies.

[0096] Figure 5 The components shown are merely examples, and those skilled in the art will understand that the apparatus includes other components not shown, and may include multiples of any of the components shown. Such and other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of this disclosure.

[0097] Further embodiments of this disclosure include the following examples.

[0098] Example 1.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to at least: Receive a first message from a first device in a first access network, the first message including an indication of one or more network nodes in a second access network that are in a sleep state; The first network node of the second access network is determined to wake up the one or more network nodes from a sleep state; and A second message is transmitted to a first device in the first access network, the second message including a request to wake up a first network node in the second network access network from a sleep state.

[0099] Example 2.1. A first device for a first access network and a second access network, comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to at least: Receive a first message from a first network node of at least the second access network, the first message including an indication that the first network node has entered a sleep state; A second message is transmitted to a first user equipment (UE), the second message including an indication that a first network node of the second access network has entered a sleep state; The first UE receives a third message, the third message including a request to wake up the first network node from a sleep state to access the second network network; and A fourth message is transmitted to the first network node of the second access network, the fourth message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the second access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0100] Example 3.1. The first network node of the first access network includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network node to at least: Confirm entry into sleep state; Transmit a first message to a first device in the first access network and the second access network, the first message including an indication that the first node is entering a sleep state; and The first device in the first access network and the second access network receives a second message, the second message including a wake-up command, instructing the first network node in the first access network to change from the sleep state to the wake-up state.

[0101] Example 4.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: A component for receiving a first message from a first device in a first access network, the first message including an indication of one or more network nodes in a sleep state in a second access network; Components for determining when a first network node of the second access network in one or more network nodes is awakened from its sleep state; and A component for transmitting a second message to the first device of the first access network, the second message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second network access network from a sleep state.

[0102] Example 4.2. The UE as described in Example 4.1, wherein the UE determines to wake up the first network node from a sleep state based on determining that it requests service from the second access network.

[0103] Example 4.3. The UE as described in Example 4.2, wherein the UE determines to wake the first network node from sleep based on a voice call request from the second access network.

[0104] Example 4.4. The UE as described in Example 4.1, wherein the UE determines to wake up the first network node from a sleep state based on determining changes in the first access network.

[0105] Example 4.5. The UE as described in Example 4.4, wherein the changes in the first access network include a degradation of services from the first access network.

[0106] Example 4.6. The UE as described in Example 4.1, wherein the UE further includes components for registering with the first access network and the second access network by the UE.

[0107] Example 4.7. The UE as described in any one of Examples 4.1-4.6, wherein the first message includes an indication of at least a first network node of the second access network and a second access node of the second access network.

[0108] Example 4.8. The UE as described in Example 4.7, wherein the first network node and the second network node are included in the neighbor cell list.

[0109] Example 4.9. A UE as described in Example 4.8, wherein the UE selects the first network node of the second access network to wake up from sleep state based on the first network node being at the top of the list of camped cells.

[0110] Example 4.10. The UE as described in Example 4.8, wherein determining that the first network node of the second access network is awakened from sleep is based on the position of the first network node relative to the first access network.

[0111] Example 5.1. A first device for a first access network and a second access network, comprising: A component for receiving a first message from a first network node of at least the second access network, the first message including an indication that the first network node has entered a sleep state; A component for transmitting a second message to a first user equipment (UE), the second message including an indication that the first network node of the second access network has entered a sleep state; A component for receiving a third message from the first UE, the third message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second network access network from a sleep state; and A component for transmitting a fourth message to the first network node of the second access network, the fourth message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the second access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0112] Example 5.2. The first apparatus as described in Example 5.1, wherein the first message includes information related to one or more UEs associated with the first network node.

[0113] Example 5.3. The first apparatus as described in Example 5.2, wherein the information associated with the one or more UEs includes information associated with the first UE.

[0114] Example 5.4 A first apparatus as described in any one of Examples 5.2-5.3, wherein the first apparatus further includes a component for determining that the first UE is affected by the first network node entering a sleep state.

[0115] Example 5.5 A first device as described in Example 5.4, wherein the determination is based on the position of the first UE.

[0116] Example 5.6. The first apparatus as described in any one of Examples 5.4-5.5, wherein the determination is based on the location of the first network node.

[0117] Example 6.1. The first network node of the first access network includes: Components used to determine when someone enters a sleep state; A component for transmitting a first message to a first device in the first access network and a second access network, the first message including an indication that the first node is entering a sleep state; and A component for receiving a second message from the first device in the first access network and the second access network, the second message including a wake-up command instructing the first network node in the first access network to change from a sleep state to a wake-up state.

[0118] Example 6.2. A first network node as described in Example 6.1, wherein the first network node of the first access network determines to enter a sleep state based on the number of user equipments (UEs) connected to the first network node of the first access network.

[0119] Example 6.3. The first network node of Example 6.2, wherein no UE is connected to the first network node of the first access network.

[0120] Example 6.4. The first network node of Example 6.3, wherein the number of UEs connected to the first network node of the first access network is less than a threshold.

[0121] Example 6.5. The first network node of Example 6.4, wherein the first message includes information related to the UE connected to the first network node of the first access network.

[0122] Example 6.6. The first network node of Example 6.5, wherein the first message includes neighbor cell information of the network node of the first access network (including the first network node).

[0123] The embodiments and aspects disclosed herein are examples of this disclosure and may be embodied in various forms. For example, although some embodiments herein are described as separate embodiments, each embodiment herein may be combined with one or more other embodiments herein. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but rather serve as the basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to apply this disclosure differently in virtually any suitably detailed structure. The same reference numerals may refer to similar or identical elements in the description of the drawings.

[0124] For example, the RRC Setup message sent by the base station describes information elements used to provide UE IP address and NRF IP address information. However, this information can be provided in other fields of the RRC Setup message.

[0125] The phrases “in one aspect,” “in multiple aspects,” “in all aspects,” “in some aspects,” or “in other aspects” may each refer to one or more of the same or different aspects according to this disclosure. The phrase “multiple aspects” may refer to two or more.

[0126] The phrases "in one embodiment," "in multiple embodiments," "in various embodiments," "in some embodiments," or "in other embodiments" may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments according to this disclosure. A phrase of the form "A or B" means "(A), (B), or (A and B)." A phrase of the form "at least one of A, B, or C" means "(A); (B); (C); (A and B); (A and C); (B and C); or (A, B, and C)."

[0127] Any method, program, algorithm, or code described herein can be converted into or expressed as a programming language or computer program. The terms "programming language" and "computer program," as used herein, each include any language used to specify instructions to a computer, and include (but are not limited to) the following languages ​​and their derivatives: assembler, Basic, batch file, BCPL, C, C+, C++, Delphi, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, machine code, operating system command languages, Pascal, Perl, PL1, Python, scripting languages, Visual Basic, meta-languages ​​that specify their own programs, and all first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or higher generation computer languages. Databases and other data schemas are also included, as well as any other meta-languages. No distinction is made between interpreted, compiled, or compiled / interpreted languages. No distinction is made between compiled and source versions of a program. Therefore, a reference to a program, where a programming language may exist in multiple states (e.g., source code, compilation, objects, or linking), is a reference to any and all such states. A reference to a program may include actual instructions and / or the intent of those instructions.

[0128] While various aspects of this disclosure have been shown in the accompanying drawings, this disclosure is not intended to be limited thereto, as it is intended to be as broad as permitted by the art, and the specification should be read in the same manner. Therefore, the foregoing description should not be construed as restrictive, but merely as examples of particular aspects. Other modifications will be contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method comprising: The user equipment (UE) receives a first message from a first device in a first access network, the first message including an indication of one or more network nodes in a second access network that are in a sleep state; The UE determines to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state; as well as The UE transmits a second message to the first device in the first access network, the second message including a request to wake up the first network node in the second access network from the sleep state.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining to wake the first network node from the sleep state is based on determining that the request originates from the second access network.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining to wake the first network node from the sleep state is based on a voice call request from the second access network.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining to wake the first network node from the sleep state is based on determining changes in the first access network.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the change in the first access network includes a degradation of services from the first access network.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the UE registering with the first access network and the second access network.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the indication includes at least an indication of a first network node of the second access network and a second access node of the second access network.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first network node and the second network node are included in the neighboring cell list.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the UE selects the first network node of the second access network to wake up from the sleep state based on the first network node being at the top of the list of camped cells.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining to wake the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state is based on the position of the first network node relative to the first access network.

11. A method comprising: A first device of a first access network and a second access network receives a first message from a first network node of the second access network, the first message including an indication that the first network node has entered a sleep state; The first device of the first access network and the second access network transmits a second message to the first user equipment (UE), the second message including an indication that the first network node of the second access network enters a sleep state; The first device of the first access network and the second access network receives a third message from the first UE, the third message including a request to wake up the first network node of the second access network from the sleep state; as well as The first device of the first access network and the second access network transmits a fourth message to the first network node of the second access network. The fourth message includes a wake-up command that instructs the first network node of the second access network to change from the sleep state to the wake-up state.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first message includes information related to one or more UEs associated with the first network node.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the information associated with the one or more UEs includes information associated with the first UE.

14. The method according to any one of claims 12-13, further comprising determining by the first device that the first UE is affected by the first network node entering the sleep state.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determination is based on the location of the first UE.

16. The method according to any one of claims 14-15, wherein the determination is based on the location of the first network node.

17. A method comprising: The first network node of the first access network determines that the system has entered a sleep state. A first message is transmitted from the first network node of the first access network to a first device of the first access network and the second access network. The first message includes an indication that the first node is entering a sleep state. as well as The first network node of the first access network receives a second message from the first device of the first access network and the second access network. The second message includes a wake-up command instructing the first network node of the first access network to change from the sleep state to the wake-up state.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the determination of entering the sleep state is based on the number of user equipments (UEs) connected to the first network node of the first access network.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein no UE is connected to the first network node of the first access network.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the number of UEs connected to the first network node of the first access network is less than a threshold.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the first message includes information related to the UE of the first network node connected to the first access network.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the first message includes information about neighboring cells of the first access network, including the network node of the first network node.

23. A user equipment, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to perform at least the method according to any one of claims 1-10.

24. A processor-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform at least the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-10.

25. An apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of claims 11-20.

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