Income increasing type ecological cycle planting method based on peach orchard earth surface and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an income-increasing type ecological cycle planting method based on the surface of a peach orchard and application thereof.The income-increasing type ecological cycle planting method comprises the steps that 1, green manure crops are planted, turned and pressed, specifically, the green manure crops are sown between rows and under forests of the peach orchard in autumn of the previous year, and green manure crop plants are turned and pressed into soil and thoroughly decomposed after being harvested in spring of the next year; taking as green manure for the peach orchard; (2) land surface covering and under-forest mushroom cultivation: after green manure is turned, pressed and decomposed, agricultural waste biomass is laid between rows of the peach orchard and under the forest to form a land surface covering layer, edible mushrooms are sown on the covering layer, and harvesting is performed after spawn running and fruiting management; and (3) returning mushroom residues and rice husks to the field: after harvesting edible mushrooms, enriching the mushroom residues and agricultural waste biomass, mixing with an organic fertilizer, and turning and pressing into soil to serve as a peach orchard base fertilizer. By combining double land cover management of green manure crops and agricultural waste biomass, efficient utilization of resources, improvement of ecological environment and improvement of planting benefits are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural ecological planting technology, and relates to an income-increasing ecological circular planting method based on peach orchard surface and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Peach trees are one of the important economic fruit trees in Shanghai, with a long history of cultivation and a wide planting area, mainly distributed in suburban areas such as Fengxian, Jinshan, Pudong, and Qingpu, forming regional characteristic brands represented by "Nanhui Honey Peach" and "Fengxian Yellow Peach". In recent years, with the advancement of agricultural supply-side structural reform and the increasing demand from consumers for high-quality fruits, peach orchard cultivation in Shanghai is transforming towards green, efficient, and sustainable development. However, for a long time, Shanghai peach orchards have generally adopted a clean cultivation management model, over-relying on chemical fertilizers and herbicides, leading to a series of increasingly prominent problems: First, the heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers exacerbates soil degradation. In pursuit of high yields, fruit farmers often apply large amounts of compound fertilizers and urea, neglecting the input of organic fertilizers. This leads to a decrease in soil organic matter content, damage to soil aggregate structure, increased soil compaction, and weakened water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, excessive fertilization results in nutrient loss and increases the risk of non-point source pollution.

[0003] Secondly, weed control is costly, and chemical herbicides are used frequently. Peach orchards receive ample sunlight between rows, leading to vigorous weed growth. Under traditional clean cultivation methods, manual weeding is required 4-6 times a year, or chemical herbicides need to be sprayed 2-3 times. This is not only labor-intensive and costly, but long-term use of herbicides such as glufosinate and glyphosate can also leave soil residues, affecting peach tree root growth and soil microbial activity, posing a potential threat to fruit safety.

[0004] Third, land utilization is low, resulting in insufficient overall benefits. Peach tree rows are typically spaced 3-5 meters apart, leaving a large amount of unused space under the trees and between rows. This is especially problematic during the early growth stages of peach trees and after leaf fall in autumn and winter, when sunlight and heat resources are not fully utilized. Some fruit farmers have attempted intercropping with vegetables or green manure, but these are mostly short-term, sporadic plantings lacking systematic planning and proper integration with peach tree management. This has even led to problems such as competition for water and fertilizer, and cross-infection of pests and diseases.

[0005] Reports indicate that planting green manure crops (such as rapeseed, vetch, and clover) between rows in orchards, and then turning them over to serve as an organic fertilizer source, can partially replace chemical fertilizers and improve soil structure. However, existing technologies are mostly limited to improvements in single aspects and have failed to form a systematic solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an income-increasing ecological circular planting method based on the surface of peach orchards and its application.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention employs the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of a peach orchard, the method comprising the following steps: (1) Planting and Turning Green Manure Crops: Green manure crops are sown in the rows of peach orchards and under the trees in the autumn of the previous year. After harvesting in the spring of the following year, the green manure crop plants are turned into the soil and decomposed to serve as green manure for the peach orchard. (2) Ground cover and understory mushroom cultivation: After the green manure is turned over and decomposed, agricultural waste biomass is laid between the rows of peach orchards and under the forest to form a ground cover layer. Edible mushrooms are sown on the cover layer and harvested after mycelium growth and mushroom production management. (3) Returning mushroom residue and rice husks to the field: After the edible mushrooms are harvested, the mushroom residue and agricultural waste biomass are enriched and mixed with organic fertilizer, and then turned into the soil as base fertilizer for the peach orchard.

[0008] This invention creatively designs an income-generating ecological circular planting method based on peach orchard surface. By constructing a complete closed-loop system of "green manure-mushroom cultivation-organic fertilizer-green manure", and combining green manure crops and agricultural waste biomass dual surface mulching management, it achieves efficient resource utilization, ecological environment improvement and planting benefits. It can overcome the shortcomings of existing peach orchard planting such as chemical fertilizer dependence, soil compaction, high weed control costs, low land utilization rate and insufficient comprehensive benefits, and provides technical support for green large-scale and income-generating planting in peach orchards.

[0009] Preferably, the green manure crop in step (1) includes any one or a combination of at least two of rapeseed, alfalfa, pea, and broad bean.

[0010] The aforementioned green manure crops have similar termination times and flowering periods, and all possess good nitrogen-fixing capabilities, ensuring both crop yield and quality while guaranteeing the effectiveness of green manure. During their growing season, green manure crops can serve as temporary ground cover to suppress weed growth, achieving the comprehensive benefits of "one vegetable, multiple uses." During their peak flowering period, they can enhance the ornamental value of peach orchards, support the development of leisure agriculture, and further broaden income channels.

[0011] Preferably, the sowing amount of the green manure crop in step (1) is 1-2 kg / mu (for example, it can be 1 kg / mu, 1.2 kg / mu, 1.4 kg / mu, 1.6 kg / mu, 1.8 kg / mu, 2 kg / mu, etc.).

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), before sowing, the peach orchard soil is shallowly turned over to 8-15 cm (e.g., 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm, 15 cm, etc.), and after sowing, it is covered with a thin layer of soil of 0.5-1 cm (e.g., 0.5 cm, 0.6 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.9 cm, 1 cm, etc.) and watered to keep it moist.

[0013] Preferably, the compaction depth in step (1) is 15-20 cm (e.g., 15 cm, 16 cm, 17 cm, 18 cm, 19 cm, 20 cm, etc.), and water is applied after compaction to maintain soil moisture at 60-70% (e.g., 60%, 62%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, etc.).

[0014] Preferably, the composting time in step (1) is 8-15 days (e.g., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 days, etc.).

[0015] Preferably, the agricultural waste biomass in step (2) includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: straw, rice husks, sawdust, bran, and corn cobs.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the paving in step (2) is 5-8 cm (e.g., 5 cm, 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, etc.), and avoids the base of the peach tree trunk by 30-80 cm (e.g., 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, etc.).

[0017] The thickness of agricultural waste biomass should be strictly controlled between 5-8cm. Too thick a layer will affect soil aeration and the rise in soil temperature in spring, while too thin a layer will not be able to effectively play the role of suppressing weeds and conserving moisture. When laying the biomass, avoid the base of the peach tree trunk by more than 30cm to prevent the peach tree roots from lacking oxygen and ensure the normal growth of the peach tree.

[0018] Preferably, the edible mushrooms in step (2) include any one or a combination of at least two of the following: oyster mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, and large-cap mushrooms.

[0019] Preferably, the method of sowing edible mushrooms in step (2) is as follows: sowing is carried out by a combination of layer sowing and broadcast sowing. Before sowing, the agricultural waste biomass is watered and 15-20 kg of material is added per square meter (for example, it can be 15 kg, 16 kg, 17 kg, 18 kg, 19 kg, 20 kg, etc.). The ratio of material to seed is 100: (12-14) (for example, it can be 100:12, 100:13, 100:14, etc.).

[0020] Preferably, the temperature at the center of the mycelium bed is controlled at 24-28℃ during the mycelium growth period (e.g., 24℃, 25℃, 26℃, 27℃, 28℃, etc.).

[0021] Preferably, the organic fertilizer in step (3) comprises 80-100 parts (e.g., 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, etc.) of organic substrate and 5-25 parts (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, etc.) of microbial agent by weight.

[0022] Preferably, the organic substrate includes any one or a combination of at least two of fermented sheep manure, fermented chicken manure, fermented cow manure, humic acid, rice husk, and mushroom residue.

[0023] Preferably, the microbial agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger.

[0024] Preferably, the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis agent, Aspergillus niger agent, and Aspergillus oryzae agent in a mass ratio of (4-6):(3-5):(3-5) (wherein, the specific values ​​of 4-6 can be 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, etc., and the specific values ​​of 3-5 can be 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, etc.).

[0025] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of the fungal residue and the enriched agricultural waste biomass to the organic fertilizer is 1:(0.5-3) (for example, it can be 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, etc.).

[0026] Preferably, the compaction depth in step (3) is 20-25 cm (for example, it can be 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm, 25 cm, etc.).

[0027] All other specific point values ​​not listed above within the numerical ranges mentioned above can be selected and are all within the protection scope of this invention. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention provides an application of the income-increasing ecological circular planting method as described in the first aspect in improving soil conditions or increasing income in peach orchards.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention creatively designs an income-generating ecological circular planting method based on peach orchard surface. By constructing a complete closed-loop system of "green manure-mushroom cultivation-organic fertilizer-green manure", and combining green manure crops and agricultural waste biomass dual surface mulching management, it achieves efficient resource utilization, ecological environment improvement and planting benefits. It can overcome the shortcomings of existing peach orchard planting such as chemical fertilizer dependence, soil compaction, high weed control costs, low land utilization rate and insufficient comprehensive benefits, and provides technical support for green large-scale and income-generating planting in peach orchards. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following describes the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0031] The microbial agents used in this invention are sourced from the following sources: All embodiments in this invention are carried out simultaneously in different areas of the same peach orchard.

[0032] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of peach orchards. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Rapeseed Planting and Green Manure Turnover: On October 25th of the previous year, the rapeseed variety "Huyou 17" was selected. One mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of peach orchard in Shanghai was selected, and sowing was carried out between rows and under the peach trees at a rate of 1.5 kg / mu. Before sowing, the orchard soil was shallowly tilled to a depth of 10 cm, leveled, and raken finely. After sowing, a 1 cm layer of soil was used to cover the seeds, and the soil was watered to retain moisture. Conventional field management was carried out after sowing. No special winter insulation was required, as Shanghai's mild and humid winters ensured the rapeseed's safe overwintering. On March 20th of the following year, when the rapeseed bolted to 25-30 cm, the bolting was harvested and sold, achieving early-stage income growth. From April 5th to 10th, the rapeseed entered its peak flowering period. At this time, the rapeseed plants were growing vigorously, with maximum biomass, a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, and easy decomposition. A rotary tiller was used to turn the entire rapeseed plant into the soil, with the turning depth controlled at 18 cm. After turning and compacting the soil, water it once to maintain soil moisture at 65%. Allow it to decompose naturally for 10 days, during which time you should regularly check the soil condition and avoid waterlogging. 2. Ground cover and understory mushroom cultivation: On May 8th, after the rapeseed green manure has partially decomposed, select dry rice husks free of mold and impurities and lay them under the peach orchard and between rows to form a ground cover layer. The thickness of the layer should be 6 cm, avoiding the base of the peach tree trunk by 35 cm to prevent root hypoxia. Select oyster mushroom varieties and use a combination of layer sowing and broadcast sowing. Before sowing, water the rice husks thoroughly. Use 16 kg of material per square meter, with a material-to-mushroom ratio of 100:12. Layer rice husks and mushroom spawn, laying six layers in total. The amount of mushroom spawn decreases progressively from the first, third, and fifth layers from top to bottom. After sowing, gently pat the mixture with a wooden board and cover with a thin film for mycelial growth management. During the mycelium growth period, ventilate twice a day for 30 minutes each time, controlling the center temperature of the substrate to 26℃ and the surface temperature not exceeding 30℃. If the temperature is too high, the film can be removed for ventilation and cooling. After 12 days of mycelium growth, when the mycelium has fully covered the substrate, remove the film and manage the mushroom growth, maintaining the air humidity at 80%-85% and using fine mist spraying to avoid directly spraying the mushrooms and preventing them from rotting. After each harvest, replenish water and nutrients, and harvest a total of 3 times. 3. Returning mushroom residue to the field: On October 20th, after all the mushrooms have been harvested, the mushroom residue and rice husks are enriched and mixed with organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer consists of 95 parts fermented chicken manure and 5 parts microbial inoculant (the microbial inoculant is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 5:3:3). The mixed mushroom residue, rice husks, and organic fertilizer are evenly spread on the surface of the peach orchard soil at a rate of 2000 kg / mu (1000 kg of mushroom residue + rice husks and 1000 kg of organic fertilizer). The mixture is then turned over and compacted into the soil using a rotary tiller to a depth of 25 cm. After compaction, the soil is watered once to ensure that the mixture is fully mixed with the soil. This mixture serves as the base fertilizer for the peach trees in autumn and as the base fertilizer for the next round of rapeseed planting.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of a peach orchard. The only difference between this method and the method in Embodiment 1 is that Bacillus subtilis agent is not added to the microbial agent in step 3. Instead, the reduced mass of Bacillus subtilis agent is proportionally allocated to Aspergillus niger agent and Aspergillus oryzae agent, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0034] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of a peach orchard. The only difference between this method and the method in Embodiment 1 is that the microbial agent in step 3 does not include Aspergillus niger agent. Instead, the reduced mass of Aspergillus niger agent is proportionally allocated to Bacillus subtilis agent and Aspergillus oryzae agent, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0035] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of a peach orchard. The only difference between this method and the method in Embodiment 1 is that the microbial agent in step 3 does not include Aspergillus oryzae agent. Instead, the reduced mass of Aspergillus oryzae agent is proportionally allocated to Bacillus subtilis agent and Aspergillus niger agent, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0036] Example 5 This embodiment provides an income-generating ecological circular planting method based on the surface of a peach orchard. The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the rice husks laid in Step 2 is 3 cm, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0037] Example 6 This embodiment provides an income-generating ecological circular planting method based on the surface of a peach orchard. The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the rice husks laid in Step 2 is 8 cm, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of peach orchards. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Ground cover and understory mushroom cultivation: In a peach orchard in Shanghai, one acre of peach orchard was selected. On May 8th, dry rice husks free of mold and impurities were laid under the peach trees and between rows to form a ground cover layer with a thickness of 6 cm, avoiding the base of the peach tree trunk by 35 cm to prevent root hypoxia. Oyster mushrooms were selected and sown using a combination of layer sowing and broadcast sowing. Before sowing, the rice husks were thoroughly watered. 16 kg of material was added per square meter, with a material-to-mushroom ratio of 100:12. One layer of rice husks and one layer of spawn were laid, in six layers. The amount of spawn decreased progressively from the top to the bottom in the first, third, and fifth layers. After sowing, the spawn was gently tamped down with a wooden board and covered with a thin film for mycelial growth management. During the mycelium growth period, ventilate twice a day for 30 minutes each time, controlling the center temperature of the substrate to 26℃ and the surface temperature not exceeding 30℃. If the temperature is too high, the film can be removed for ventilation and cooling. After 12 days of mycelium growth, when the mycelium has fully covered the substrate, remove the film and manage the mushroom growth, maintaining the air humidity at 80%-85% and using fine mist spraying to avoid directly spraying the mushrooms and preventing them from rotting. After each harvest, replenish water and nutrients, and harvest a total of 3 times. 2. Returning mushroom residue to the field: On October 20th, after all the mushrooms have been harvested, the mushroom residue and rice husks are enriched and mixed with organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer consists of 95 parts fermented chicken manure and 5 parts microbial inoculant (the microbial inoculant is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 5:3:3). The mixed mushroom residue, rice husks, and organic fertilizer are evenly spread on the surface of the peach orchard soil at a rate of 2000 kg / mu (1000 kg of mushroom residue + rice husks and 1000 kg of organic fertilizer). The mixture is then turned over and compacted into the soil using a rotary tiller to a depth of 25 cm. After compaction, the soil is watered once to ensure that the mixture is fully mixed with the soil. This mixture is then used as autumn base fertilizer for the peach trees.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of a peach orchard. The specific steps differ from those in Example 1 in that steps (2) and (3) are omitted. After the rapeseed is turned over, the inter-row cultivation is carried out, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0040] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on the surface of a peach orchard. The specific steps differ from those in Example 1 in that the organic fertilizer in step (3) is replaced with fermented chicken manure, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0041] Test Example 1 This test case measures the physicochemical properties of the understory soil after peach orchard planting using the methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, and uses the understory soil after planting using conventional peach orchard planting methods as a control group.

[0042] Soil organic matter was determined using the potassium dichromate external heating method; soil bulk density was determined using the ring cutter method; soil nitrogen (alkaline available nitrogen) was determined using the alkaline diffusion method; phosphorus (available phosphorus) was determined using sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry; and potassium (available potassium) was determined using ammonium acetate extraction-flame spectrophotometry. Soil calcium and magnesium (exchangeable calcium and magnesium) were determined using ammonium acetate extraction-atomic absorption spectrophotometry; and soil iron (available iron) was determined using DTPA extraction-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The test results are shown in Table 1. The results showed that using the method of this invention for ecological circular planting increased the soil organic matter content in the peach orchard from 1.72% in conventional planting to 2.14%, and the soil bulk density from 1.34 g / cm³ in conventional planting to... 3 The concentration was reduced to 1.02 g / cm³. 3 The soil was effectively enriched, compaction was significantly alleviated, and aeration was significantly improved, leading to more vigorous root growth in peach trees. Simultaneously, soil nutrients were comprehensively improved, with nitrogen content increasing from 72.5 mg / kg to 128.9 mg / kg, phosphorus from 64.26 mg / kg to 92.55 mg / kg, and potassium from 136.45 mg / kg to 212.42 mg / kg. Micronutrient content (calcium, magnesium, and iron) also increased by 12%-17%, resulting in a comprehensive improvement in soil fertility and providing sufficient and balanced nutrient support for peach trees and subsequent rapeseed growth. Surface mulching effectively reduced soil moisture evaporation, significantly improving drought resistance. Changing the formulation of the microbial inoculant, altering the thickness of the rice husk layer, or omitting the cultivation of green manure crops or mushrooms would lead to a decrease in soil physicochemical properties compared to Example 1.

[0043] Test Example 2 This test case measured the peach yield and premium fruit rate after orchard planting using the methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, and used the peach yield and premium fruit rate obtained by conventional orchard planting methods as a control group. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0044] The method for judging premium peaches is as follows: Referring to relevant standards and evaluation specifications for high-quality peaches in the peach industry, and considering the characteristics of the actual varieties grown in the orchard, premium peaches must simultaneously meet requirements for appearance quality, internal quality, and specifications. Specific judgment criteria are as follows: (1) Basic requirements: The fruit is intact, fresh and clean, without browning of the flesh, without infectious diseases (such as anthracnose and brown rot), without insects, without thorns, without cracks, without abnormal external moisture, fully developed, without any off-odor or taste, reaching the edible maturity, with good uniformity, and conforming to the inherent morphological characteristics of the corresponding variety.

[0045] (2) Appearance quality: The fruit shape is upright and has the characteristics that this variety should have, without deformities; the skin color is uniform, and the coloring degree reaches more than 90% of the coloring area that this variety should have. The skin of nectarines is smooth and without fuzz, the fuzz of ordinary peaches is uniform, and flat peaches are flat and regular, without obvious fruit rust, abrasions, bruises, hail damage and drug spots. Among them, the total area of ​​minor defects such as abrasions and hail damage does not exceed 0.3 square centimeters, and does not exceed one defect.

[0046] (3) Internal quality: The flesh is delicate and juicy, with a pure flavor and the inherent sweet and sour flavor and aroma of this variety. It has no astringency and the sweet and sour ratio is appropriate. The soluble solids content is divided according to the maturity period of the variety: ≥11.0% for very early-maturing varieties, ≥12.0% for early-maturing varieties, ≥13.0% for mid-maturing varieties, ≥14.0% for late-maturing varieties, and ≥15.0% for very late-maturing varieties. The flesh is free from hollowness and browning, with an edible rate of ≥90%. The pit is small and easy to peel (adjusted according to the characteristics of the variety).

[0047] (4) Calculation of premium fruit rate: The premium fruit rate is calculated using random sampling. A representative sampling area of ​​the peach orchard (corresponding to the soil sample collection area) is selected, and 300 fruits are randomly selected (divided into 3 groups of 100 fruits each). Each fruit is screened according to the above-mentioned premium fruit judgment criteria. The number of premium fruits in each group is counted, and the average value is calculated to obtain the overall premium fruit rate. The specific calculation formula is as follows: Premium fruit rate (%) = (Total number of premium fruits in the sample / Total number of fruits in the sample) × 100%; The calculation results are rounded to one decimal place. The average of the three repeated calculations is taken as the final premium fruit rate of the peach orchard to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the statistical data. The results showed that using the method of this invention for ecological circular planting significantly increased peach yield and the rate of premium fruit compared to conventional methods, resulting in a substantial increase in income. Changing the experimental conditions led to a decrease in peach yield and the rate of premium fruit.

[0048] Meanwhile, in Example 1 of this invention, the yield of rapeseed shoots increased to 800 kg per mu, and the yield of peaches increased from 1960 kg to 2280 kg per mu, with the rate of premium fruit increasing from 65.8% to 84.4%, leading to a higher selling price for peaches. The yield of oyster mushrooms reached 1800 kg per mu, resulting in increased mushroom revenue per mu and significant income growth. Furthermore, the ecological circular planting method of this invention achieves zero waste discharge, reduces agricultural non-point source pollution, improves the ecological environment around the peach orchard, reduces the incidence of pests and diseases by 20%, and forms a virtuous ecological cycle of "peach orchard-rapeseed-mushrooms." Surface mulching management effectively protects the soil and reduces soil erosion.

[0049] The applicant declares that the technical solution of this invention is illustrated by the above embodiments, but this invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that this invention must rely on the above embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this invention, equivalent substitutions of raw materials for the products of this invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of this invention.

[0050] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

Claims

1. A method for increasing income through ecological circular planting based on peach orchard surface, characterized in that, The income-increasing ecological circular planting method includes the following steps: (1) Planting and Turning Green Manure Crops: Green manure crops are sown in the rows of peach orchards and under the trees in the autumn of the previous year. After harvesting in the spring of the following year, the green manure crop plants are turned into the soil and decomposed to serve as green manure for the peach orchard. (2) Ground cover and understory mushroom cultivation: After the green manure is turned over and decomposed, agricultural waste biomass is laid between the rows of peach orchards and under the forest to form a ground cover layer. Edible mushrooms are sown on the cover layer and harvested after mycelium growth and mushroom production management. (3) Returning mushroom residue and rice husks to the field: After the edible mushrooms are harvested, the mushroom residue and agricultural waste biomass are enriched and mixed with organic fertilizer, and then turned into the soil as base fertilizer for the peach orchard.

2. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green manure crops mentioned in step (1) include any one or a combination of at least two of rapeseed, alfalfa, pea, and broad bean.

3. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sowing rate of the green manure crop in step (1) is 1-2 kg / mu; Preferably, in step (1), the soil in the peach orchard is shallowly turned over to a depth of 8-15 cm before sowing, and after sowing, it is covered with a thin layer of soil of 0.5-1 cm and watered to keep it moist.

4. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The compaction depth in step (1) is 15-20 cm. After compaction, water the soil to maintain a moisture level of 60-70%. Preferably, the composting time in step (1) is 8-15 days.

5. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The agricultural waste biomass mentioned in step (2) includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: straw, rice husks, sawdust, bran, and corn cobs; Preferably, the thickness of the paving in step (2) is 5-8 cm, and it avoids the base of the peach tree trunk by 30-80 cm.

6. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The edible mushrooms mentioned in step (2) include any one or at least two of the following: oyster mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, and large-cap mushrooms.

7. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method of sowing edible mushrooms in step (2) is as follows: sowing is done by combining layer sowing and broadcast sowing. Before sowing, the agricultural waste biomass is watered and 15-20 kg of material is added per square meter. The ratio of material to seed is 100:(12-14). Preferably, the temperature at the center of the mycelium bed is controlled at 24-28℃ during the mycelium growth period.

8. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer mentioned in step (3) comprises 80-100 parts by weight of organic substrate and 5-25 parts by weight of microbial agent; Preferably, the organic substrate includes any one or a combination of at least two of fermented sheep manure, fermented chicken manure, fermented cow manure, humic acid, rice husk, and mushroom residue; Preferably, the microbial agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger. Preferably, the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis agent, Aspergillus niger agent, and Aspergillus oryzae agent in a mass ratio of (4-6):(3-5):(3-5).

9. The income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, In step (3), the mass ratio of the fungal residue and agricultural waste biomass enriched and then mixed with organic fertilizer is 1:(0.5-3). Preferably, the compaction depth in step (3) is 20-25 cm.

10. The application of the income-increasing ecological circular planting method according to any one of claims 1-9 in improving soil conditions or increasing income in peach orchards.

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