High-temperature drought corn water-saving irrigation precision fertilization integrated method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-temperature drought corn water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization integrated method, relates to the technical field of agricultural water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization, and comprises the following steps: system layout, pre-sowing basic treatment, whole growth period water and fertilizer coupling regulation and control, high-temperature drought emergency regulation and control and post-treatment.The whole growth period water and fertilizer coupling regulation and control is implemented in stages according to the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the big bell mouth stage, the male silk shedding stage and the grain filling stage, irrigation is started by taking the soil relative water content as a threshold value, and synchronous precision fertilization is carried out in cooperation with drip irrigation.The high-temperature drought emergency regulation and control is to adopt a small amount of multiple times and low-concentration water and fertilizer supply under continuous high temperature.The application realizes efficient water saving under high-temperature drought conditions by precisely coupling drip irrigation and fertilization through the soil moisture content threshold control in different growth periods, significantly reduces water evaporation and deep seepage, greatly improves water use efficiency, and effectively alleviates the drought stress of the corn seedling stage, the big bell mouth stage and the male silk shedding stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization technology, specifically to an integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of corn in high-temperature and drought conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Corn cultivation in high-temperature and arid areas generally faces problems such as water shortage, high evaporation, low irrigation efficiency, severe fertilizer loss, and mismatch between water and fertilizer supply and demand. Traditional methods of flood irrigation and broadcast / surface application of fertilizers result in water utilization rates of less than 50% and fertilizer utilization rates of less than 35%, which can easily lead to drought during the seedling stage, "neck drought" during the jointing stage, and premature aging during the grain-filling stage, resulting in reduced yield and decreased quality.

[0003] Existing integrated water and fertilizer technologies are mostly conventional drip irrigation and fertilization, which have not been systematically optimized for high temperature and drought stress, water and fertilizer requirements during the critical growth stages of maize, soil moisture, nutrients, and meteorological conditions. They have defects such as excessive or insufficient irrigation, inaccurate timing and concentration of fertilization, and weak drought resistance and water retention capacity, making it difficult to meet the demand for stable and high yields of maize in high-temperature and drought areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of corn in high-temperature and drought conditions, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The integrated method of water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization for maize under high temperature and drought includes: system layout, pre-planting basic treatment, water and fertilizer coupling regulation throughout the growth period, emergency regulation and post-treatment for high temperature and drought. The water and fertilizer coupling regulation throughout the growth period is implemented in stages according to the seedling stage, jointing stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling and silking stage, and grain filling stage. Irrigation is started with the relative soil moisture content as the threshold, and precise fertilization is carried out simultaneously with drip irrigation. The emergency regulation for high temperature and drought is to supply small amounts of water and fertilizer frequently and at low concentrations under continuous high temperature.

[0006] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the system layout includes shallow-buried drip irrigation tape, intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine, dual filtration unit and soil moisture and nutrient monitoring unit, dripper flow rate of 1.0-2.0L / h, and drip irrigation tape buried at a depth of 5-10cm.

[0007] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: in the pre-sowing basic treatment, basal fertilizer is applied, the amount of basal fertilizer accounts for 20% to 30% of the total fertilizer application, and wide and narrow row water-saving drip irrigation is adopted.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the control threshold of relative soil moisture content for each growth stage is: 60% to 65% during the seedling stage, not less than 65% during the jointing stage, not less than 70% during the large trumpet stage, 70% to 75% during the tasseling and silking stage, and 65% to 70% during the grain filling stage.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the amount of water for each irrigation at each growth stage is 10-20 m³ / mu, and the fertilizer follows the principle of light basal fertilizer, stable jointing, heavy tasseling, and supplemental application in the later stage, and is applied with drip irrigation.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: during the emergency regulation of high temperature and drought, the amount of irrigation per irrigation is reduced by 20%, and the fertilizer application concentration is reduced by 10% to 15%.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the irrigation water is subjected to two-stage sedimentation filtration, and the EC value is controlled at 1.0 to 2.0 mS / cm.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the integrated method achieves water saving of 35% to 50%, fertilizer saving of 20% to 35%, and corn yield increase of 15% to 25% compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization mode.

[0013] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared to the prior art is as follows: This invention provides an integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of corn in high-temperature and drought conditions. By controlling soil moisture thresholds at different growth stages and precisely coupling drip irrigation with fertilization, it significantly reduces water evaporation and deep seepage, greatly improves water use efficiency, and can achieve high-efficiency water saving under high-temperature and drought conditions, effectively alleviating drought stress during the corn seedling, large trumpet stage and tasseling and silking stage.

[0014] This invention provides an integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of corn in high-temperature and drought conditions. By supplying water and fertilizer simultaneously and directly to the roots, it avoids the volatilization and leaching loss of fertilizer applied from the surface, significantly improving fertilizer utilization. While reducing the input of chemical fertilizers, it meets the nutrient requirements of corn at all stages, achieving fertilizer saving and efficiency improvement, and reducing planting costs and the risk of non-point source pollution.

[0015] This invention provides an integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of corn in high-temperature and drought conditions. By setting up special emergency control strategies for high-temperature and drought environments, it ensures normal growth of corn during key developmental stages, significantly improves the seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight, and achieves stable yield increase and quality improvement of corn. It is suitable for large-scale, mechanized, and intelligent corn planting and promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is the overall flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the water and fertilizer coupling regulation process throughout the entire growth period of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments: Example 1

[0018] This invention provides an integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of corn in high-temperature and drought conditions, comprising the following steps: S1 system deployment The field is laid with shallow-buried drip irrigation tape, with a dripper flow rate of 1.0-2.0 L / h and a burial depth of 2-3 cm; it is equipped with an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine, a centrifugal + disc dual filter unit, a soil moisture sensor and nutrient monitoring unit.

[0019] S2 pre-broadcast basic processing After land preparation, apply base fertilizer, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium base fertilizer accounting for 20% to 30% of the total fertilizer application; adopt wide and narrow row water-saving drip irrigation to reduce surface evaporation.

[0020] S3 Precise Coupling Regulation of Water and Fertilizer Throughout the Entire Growth Cycle Seedling stage: Maintain soil relative moisture content at 60%–65%, lightly irrigate 10–15 m³ / mu, and apply little or no top dressing or fertilizer to promote seedling growth.

[0021] Jointing stage: Irrigation should be started when the relative soil moisture content is below 65%, with an irrigation volume of 12-18 m³ / mu. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied with the irrigation water, accounting for 25%-30% of the total nitrogen.

[0022] The large trumpet stage: the core sensitive period of high temperature and drought. Irrigate immediately when the relative soil moisture content is below 70%, with an irrigation volume of 15-20 m³ / mu. Apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizer by drip irrigation, accounting for 30%-35% of the total nutrients.

[0023] During the tasseling and silking stage: maintain a relative soil moisture content of 70%–75%, irrigate with 15–20 m³ / mu, and supplement with potassium fertilizer and water-soluble phosphate fertilizer.

[0024] Grain filling period: Maintain soil relative moisture content at 65%–70%, irrigate with 10–15 m³ / mu, apply foliar fertilizer and potassium fertilizer by drip irrigation to prevent premature aging.

[0025] S4 High Temperature and Drought Emergency Control During periods of continuous high temperatures (≥35℃) and no rainfall, adopt a small-volume, frequent irrigation approach, reducing the amount of water irrigated each time by 20% and increasing the irrigation frequency; reduce the fertilizer concentration by 10%–15% to avoid root burn.

[0026] S5 Post-processing After harvest, clean the drip irrigation system, recycle the residual film, and formulate a control plan for the next season based on soil moisture and nutrient residue. Example 2

[0027] Summer maize in the hot and arid northwest region, Baoji area, Shaanxi Province 1. Test conditions The experimental plot is located in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, in a warm temperate semi-humid climate zone with an average annual precipitation of 600-700 mm and frequent summer droughts. The soil types are mainly loess and yellow loess, with a deep soil layer, an organic matter content of 15.2 g / kg, and a field water holding capacity of 24%. The planted variety is the local summer-sown maize variety "Baoyu 803," sown in mid-June (after the previous wheat harvest, sowing while the soil is still moist), and harvested in early October, with a planting density of 5000-5500 plants / mu.

[0028] 2. Implementation Steps (1) System layout: shallow buried drip irrigation tape is laid in the field with a drip irrigation tape spacing of 60cm, drip head flow rate of 1.6L / h, and burial depth of 8cm; equipped with intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine (model: RS-FS-1000), centrifugal + stacked disc dual filter unit, and one soil moisture sensor (monitoring depth 0-40cm) and one soil nutrient monitoring unit are laid for every 5 mu to monitor the relative soil moisture content and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in real time.

[0029] (2) Pre-sowing basic treatment: After land preparation, apply base fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be a compound water-soluble fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15, with an application rate of 20 kg / mu, accounting for 25% of the total fertilizer application. Wide and narrow row water-saving drip irrigation should be adopted to reduce surface water evaporation.

[0030] (3) Coupling regulation of water and fertilizer throughout the entire growth period: Sowing period (early June to mid-June): After wheat harvest, if the soil moisture content is below 60%, drip irrigation should be applied immediately to ensure full seedling emergence. The irrigation amount is 20-25 m³ / mu.

[0031] Seedling stage (late June to early July): Maintain the relative soil moisture content at 60%-65%. When the relative soil moisture content is monitored to be below 60%, start irrigation with a single irrigation volume of 12m³ / mu. Do not apply fertilizer to ensure that the seedlings take root.

[0032] During the jointing stage (mid-July to late July): Irrigation should be started when the relative soil moisture content is below 65%, with a single irrigation volume of 15 m³ / mu. Apply 5 kg / mu of urea (containing 46% nitrogen) with the irrigation water, accounting for 28% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application, to promote thick corn stalks.

[0033] Large trumpet stage (late July to early August): This stage is the core sensitive period of high temperature and drought, with extreme high temperature reaching 37℃. Irrigate immediately when the relative soil moisture content is below 70%, with a single irrigation volume of 18m³ / mu. Apply 6kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=32-8-10) with the irrigation water, accounting for 32% of the total nutrient fertilizer application, to ensure the development of male and female ears.

[0034] During the tasseling and silking stage (early to mid-August): Maintain a relative soil moisture content of 70%-75%, irrigate with 18 m³ / mu of water, and apply 3 kg / mu of potassium chloride (containing 60% potassium) with the irrigation water to supplement phosphorus and potassium nutrients and improve the fruit setting rate.

[0035] Grain filling period (mid-August to late September): Maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65%-70%, with a single irrigation volume of 12m³ / mu. Apply 2kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P2O5≥52%, K2O≥34%) with drip irrigation, along with a small amount of amino acid foliar fertilizer to prevent premature aging of corn and promote grain filling.

[0036] (4) Emergency regulation of high temperature and drought: adopt a small amount of frequent irrigation mode, adjust the single irrigation amount to 14.4 m³ / mu (reduced by 20%), and adjust the irrigation frequency from once every 7 days to once every 5 days; reduce the fertilizer concentration by 12% and adjust the application of water-soluble fertilizer to 5.28 kg / mu to avoid root burn caused by high temperature and high concentration fertilizer.

[0037] (5) Post-processing: After the corn harvest in early October, start the drip irrigation system cleaning program, rinse the drip irrigation tape and water-fertilizer pipes with clean water to remove residual fertilizer in the pipes; collect soil samples, test soil moisture and nutrient residue, and formulate the next winter wheat regulation plan. Implementation effect

[0038] This embodiment employs the method of the present invention, which, compared to the local traditional flood irrigation + fertilizer application model, increases water utilization rate from 48% to 82%, saving 42% of water; fertilizer utilization rate from 32% to 60%, saving 31% of fertilizer; corn grain filling rate from 78% to 95%, thousand-grain weight from 306g to 321g, and yield per mu from 702.5kg to 831.4kg, an increase of 18.3%; the crude protein content of corn kernels increases by 1.8 percentage points, significantly improving quality. In summary, through phased precise water and fertilizer regulation and high-temperature emergency treatment, the technical effects of water saving, fertilizer saving, drought resistance, and yield increase are achieved, and it can be widely applied to large-scale corn planting in Northwest, North China, and semi-arid high-temperature areas.

[0039] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrating water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization for corn in high-temperature and drought conditions, characterized by: include: The system includes setup, pre-sowing basic treatment, water and fertilizer coupling regulation throughout the entire growth period, emergency regulation and control for high temperature and drought, and post-treatment. The water and fertilizer coupling regulation throughout the entire growth period is implemented in stages according to the seedling stage, jointing stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling and silking stage, and grain filling stage. Irrigation is initiated with the relative soil moisture content as the threshold, and precise fertilization is applied simultaneously with drip irrigation. The emergency regulation for high temperature and drought involves supplying small amounts of water and fertilizer in multiple times under continuous high temperature conditions.

2. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system includes shallow-buried drip irrigation tape, intelligent water and fertilizer integrated machine, dual filtration unit, and soil moisture and nutrient monitoring unit. The dripper flow rate is 1.0-2.0 L / h, and the drip irrigation tape is buried at a depth of 5-10 cm.

3. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-sowing basic treatment involves applying basal fertilizer, which accounts for 20% to 30% of the total fertilizer application, and using wide-narrow row water-saving drip irrigation.

4. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative soil moisture content control thresholds for each growth stage are as follows: 60%–65% during seedling stage, no less than 65% during jointing stage, no less than 70% during large trumpet stage, 70%–75% during tasseling and silking stage, and 65%–70% during grain filling stage.

5. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of water for each irrigation at each growth stage is 10-20 m³ / mu. Fertilizer should be applied according to the principle of light basal fertilizer, stable jointing, heavy tasseling, and supplemental application in the later stage, with drip irrigation.

6. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the emergency regulation of high temperature and drought, the amount of irrigation per irrigation session is reduced by 20%, and the concentration of fertilizer application is reduced by 10% to 15%.

7. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation water undergoes two-stage sedimentation and filtration, with the EC value controlled between 1.0 and 2.0 mS / cm.

8. The integrated method for water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization of maize in high-temperature and drought conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Compared with traditional irrigation and fertilization methods, the integrated method achieves water savings of 35%–50%, fertilizer savings of 20%–35%, and corn yield increases of 15%–25%.

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