A satellite communication method, computing device, storage medium, computer program product, and chip system

Abstract

A satellite communication method, computing device, storage medium, computer program product, and chip system are provided. The satellite communication method includes: accessing a high-orbit satellite via the main antenna of a terminal device to establish a control plane signaling bearer and a user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite, wherein the user plane first service bearer is used to carry a first service; in response to the satisfaction of a first preset condition, maintaining the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite, and establishing a user plane second service bearer with at least one of a medium-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite, wherein the user plane second service bearer is used to carry a second service different from the first service. According to an exemplary embodiment, establishing the first service and the second service on satellites in different orbits can reduce the frequent switching of the first service, increase the carrying bandwidth of the second service, and improve user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a satellite communication method, computing device, storage medium, computer program product, and chip system. Background Technology

[0002] Satellite internet is divided into geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite internet and medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation internet. GEO satellites remain relatively stationary with respect to the Earth, providing large and fixed coverage areas. A single GEO satellite can provide stable regional communication services with a large communication capacity. MEO and LEO satellites, on the other hand, operate at lower orbits, resulting in smaller coverage areas for a single MEO satellite and high-speed movement relative to the Earth. A large number of MEO and LEO satellites are required to form a giant constellation to provide high-capacity, global, all-time communication services. The round-trip time (RTT) latency of MEO and LEO satellite links is significantly lower than that of GEO satellite systems, approaching the level of terrestrial fiber optic networks. MEO and LEO satellites are primarily used for video multimedia communication, the Internet of Things (IoT), and gigabit broadband applications.

[0003] In related technologies, high-orbit satellite systems operate independently from medium-orbit and low-orbit satellite systems. Terminal equipment supports dual-mode (high and low orbit), single-standby, and single-pass communication. Terminals automatically align with and track high-orbit, medium-orbit, and low-orbit satellites to achieve switching between different systems. In the early stages of satellite communication system deployment, this approach suffers from frequent network switching, high frequency of communication interruptions, long recovery times, and inability to recover services after interruption, especially in scenarios with fewer medium-orbit and low-orbit satellites. Furthermore, it struggles to achieve smooth and usable real-time services such as voice and video multimedia calls.

[0004] It should be noted that the statements herein provide background information in connection with this disclosure only and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, a satellite communication method, computing device, storage medium, computer program product, and chip system are provided to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, a satellite communication method is provided, the method comprising: accessing a high-orbit satellite via the main antenna of a terminal device to establish a control plane signaling bearer and a user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite, wherein the user plane first service bearer is used to carry a first service; in response to the satisfaction of a first preset condition, maintaining the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite, and initiating access to at least one of a medium-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite via the auxiliary antenna of the terminal device to establish a user plane second service bearer with the at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, wherein the user plane second service bearer is used to carry a second service different from the first service.

[0007] In a second aspect, a satellite communication method is provided, the method comprising: a high-orbit satellite establishing a control plane signaling bearer and a user plane first service bearer with the terminal device via the main antenna of the terminal device, wherein the user plane first service bearer is used to carry a first service; in response to a first preset condition being met, maintaining the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer, and sending an access instruction to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate access to at least one of a medium-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite via an auxiliary antenna, so that the terminal device establishes a user plane second service bearer with the at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, wherein the user plane second service bearer is used to carry a second service different from the first service.

[0008] Thirdly, a computer storage medium is provided that stores instructions thereon, which, when executed individually or jointly by at least one processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the method of any one of the first and second aspects.

[0009] Fourthly, a computer program product is provided, including instructions that, when executed individually or jointly by at least one processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the method of any one of the first and second aspects.

[0010] Fifthly, a chip system is provided, including a circuit system configured to perform the method of any one of the first and second aspects.

[0011] The above-described at least one technical solution adopted in the exemplary embodiment can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device establishes the first service on a high-orbit satellite, within a time period and area reachable by at least one of the medium-orbit and low-orbit satellites (medium-low orbit satellites), and establishes the second service on a medium-low orbit satellite. This maintains the stability of the first service while increasing the bandwidth of the second service, thereby improving the user experience.

[0013] The above description of the technical solution disclosed herein is merely an overview of the technical solution disclosed herein. In order to better understand the technical means of the present disclosure and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the more detailed description of some embodiments thereof in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of satellite communication in some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first process of the satellite communication method in some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a first signaling diagram of a satellite communication method in some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a second signaling diagram of a satellite communication method in some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second process of the satellite communication method in some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a high-low orbit fusion satellite communication system in some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a simplified block diagram of a computing device according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, and do not impose any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in ways other than those described below.

[0023] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0024] References to "an embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," etc., in this disclosure indicate that the described embodiments may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment needs to include specific features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an exemplary embodiment, whether explicitly described or not, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a feature, structure, or characteristic affects its connection to other embodiments.

[0025] It should be understood that while the terms “first” and “second”, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0026] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” used herein also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “a group of elements” or “a collection of elements” as used herein are intended to include one or more elements. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “possessing,” “including,” and / or “comprising,” when used herein, specify the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] As used in this application, the term "circuit" may refer to one or more of the following:

[0028] (a) Implemented only in hardware circuitry (e.g., implemented only in analog and / or digital circuitry)

[0029] (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable):

[0030] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware; and

[0031] (ii) Any part of a hardware processor (including a digital signal processor), software, and memory that work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions, and

[0032] (c) Hardware circuitry and / or processors, such as microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when the software is not required to operate.

[0033] The definition of "circuit" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used herein, the term "circuit" also includes implementations of hardware circuitry or processors (or processors in general) or a portion thereof and their accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuit" also includes, for example, baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing network devices, if applicable to a particular claim element.

[0034] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network that conforms to any suitable communication standard, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), New Radio (NR), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), etc. Furthermore, communication between terminal devices and network devices in a communication network can be performed according to any suitable generation of communication protocol, including but not limited to first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth-generation (5G), and future sixth-generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to satellite communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, future types of communication technologies and systems will naturally exist, and this disclosure can be implemented using these technologies and systems. The scope of this disclosure should not be considered limited to the aforementioned systems.

[0035] As used herein, the term "satellite network device" refers to a node located on a satellite within a communication network. Terminal devices access the network and receive services through this node. Depending on the terminology and technology applied, a satellite network device can refer to a base station (BS) or access point (AP) that serves as a satellite payload, such as a Node B (or NB), an evolved Node B (eNode B or eNB), an NR NB (also known as a gNB), a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Radio Header (RH), a Remote Radio Header (RRH), or a relay node. An example of a relay node can be an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node. The Distributed Unit (DU) portion of an IAB node can perform the functions of a "satellite network device" and therefore can operate as a network device. In the following description, the terms "satellite network device," "BS," and "node" are used interchangeably.

[0036] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. As an example and not a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile station (MS), or access terminal (AT). This terminal device may include, but is not limited to, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop installed devices (LMEs), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless subscriber equipment (CPEs), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, relay nodes, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. The mobile terminal (MT) portion of an IAB node can perform the functions of a "terminal device" and therefore can operate as a terminal device. In the following description, the terms "terminal device," "communication device," "terminal," "user equipment," and "UE" are used interchangeably.

[0037] While the functions described herein may be implemented in fixed and / or wireless network nodes in various exemplary embodiments, in other exemplary embodiments, they may be implemented in user equipment devices (such as cellular phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, mobile IoT devices, or fixed IoT devices). For example, the user equipment device may suitably have the corresponding capabilities described in relation to fixed and / or wireless network nodes. The user equipment device may be user equipment and / or control devices, such as chipsets or processors, configured to control the user equipment when it is installed therein. Examples of these functions include boot server functions and / or home subscriber servers, which may be implemented in the user equipment device by providing the user equipment device with software configured to cause the user equipment device to perform from the perspective of these functions / nodes.

[0038] The technical terms used in this disclosure are as follows:

[0039] GEO satellites (Geostationary Earth Orbit) are in geosynchronous orbits, also known as high Earth orbits, which are circular orbits approximately 36,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

[0040] MEO (Middle Earth Orbit) is a circular orbit approximately 1200-36000 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

[0041] LEO satellites (Low Earth Orbit) are circular orbits, also known as near-low Earth orbits, which are approximately 200-1200 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

[0042] RTT (Round Trip Time) is the round-trip time delay.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, in response to the frequent switching of communication links between voice and SMS services during communication in satellite communication systems, a universally applicable satellite communication method is designed. The terminal device establishes high-priority services only on high-orbit satellites and low-priority services on medium- and low-orbit satellites to improve the stability of high-priority services while increasing the bandwidth of low-priority services, thereby improving the user's perception and satisfaction.

[0044] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] This disclosure provides a satellite communication method, a computing device, a storage medium, a computer program product, and a chip system. For example... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of satellite communication in some embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 1 In China, GEO (high-orbit) satellites, MEO (medium-orbit) satellites, and LEO (low-orbit) satellites share a core network. Among these, the medium-orbit satellites... Figure 1 Not marked in the text. The core network includes a mobility management module, a session management module, and a user plane bearer module. Figure 1 The terminal device is equipped with two antennas, including either a programmable directional parabolic antenna or a phased array antenna. The terminal device's baseband supports dual-mode communication protocols for high-orbit, medium-orbit, and low-orbit (LEO) satellites. The terminal device can access both high-orbit and LEO satellites through two transceiver channels. In conjunction with the baseband and core network state machine, the terminal device achieves dual-mode, dual-standby, and dual-communication capabilities.

[0046] Continue to refer to Figure 1High-orbit satellites remain relatively stationary with respect to the Earth, providing large and fixed coverage areas. A single satellite can provide stable regional communication services with significant capacity, and three satellites can achieve global coverage. Medium- and low-orbit satellites operate at lower altitudes, resulting in smaller coverage areas for a single satellite and high-speed movement above the Earth. A large constellation of numerous satellites is required to provide high-capacity, global, all-time communication services. Furthermore, the round-trip time (RTT) latency of medium- and low-orbit satellites is significantly lower than that of high-orbit satellite systems, approaching that of terrestrial fiber optic networks. They are primarily used for video multimedia communication, the Internet of Things (IoT), and gigabit broadband applications.

[0047] refer to Figure 6 To enable the transfer of information such as satellite ephemeris and data service context between high-orbit and low-orbit satellites, a space-based carrier network based on high-orbit and low-orbit inter-satellite laser links, or a ground carrier network between ground gateway stations of high-orbit and low-orbit satellites, or a combination of both can be used.

[0048] The disclosed embodiments provide a satellite communication method 200, such as Figure 2 As shown, the satellite communication method 200 includes at least the following steps S210 to S220:

[0049] Step S210: The terminal device connects to the high-orbit satellite via its main antenna to establish a control plane signaling bearer and a user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite. The user plane first service bearer carries a first service, which includes data services with high real-time requirements, such as voice and messaging.

[0050] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the early stages of satellite communication system construction, there were few low- and medium-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. After the terminal equipment was powered on, the main antenna beam was always pointed at a high-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite to complete random access. Control plane signaling and communication services such as voice and messaging were established through its service beam. This communication between the terminal equipment and the LEO satellite is also known as LEO mode. In short, the mode in which the terminal equipment establishes a communication connection with a LEO satellite is called LEO mode.

[0051] The high-Earth orbit (HEO) mode of the terminal equipment supports control plane signaling bearers and user plane communication services, including voice and messaging. It also supports user plane data services with relatively low real-time requirements, such as video and downloads. The low-Earth orbit (LEO) mode of the terminal equipment only supports user plane data services. Control plane signaling bearers are used to establish connections between the terminal equipment and the satellite, mainly including registration, camping, and synchronization. In one example, the first user plane service bearer carries communication services including voice and messaging (i.e., the first service), while the second user plane service bearer carries data services such as video and downloads (i.e., the second service).

[0052] It should be noted that different bearer identifiers can be used for different user plane service bearers. Among them, QCI (for 4G networks) or 5QI (for 5G networks) is used to indicate the service type of the bearer. In this disclosure, QCI or 5QI is used to establish user plane service bearers for non-voice and messaging services on low- and medium-Earth orbit satellites, which increases the bearer bandwidth and reduces the user plane service volume on high-Earth orbit satellites.

[0053] As an example, and not a limitation, the priority of the first service can be higher than that of the second service. The distinction between low-priority and high-priority services can be specified based on the priority parameters in the service bearer or based on the service bearer identifier. For example, the QCI / 5QI of a voice service bearer is represented as 1, the QCI / 5QI of a messaging service bearer as 2, the QCI / 5QI of a web browsing service bearer as 5, the QCI / 5QI of a video service bearer as 6, and the QCI / 5QI of a download service bearer as 9. The smaller the QCI / 5QI value, the higher the priority.

[0054] Step S220: In response to the first preset condition being met, the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite are maintained, and access is initiated to at least one of the medium-orbit satellites and low-orbit satellites through the auxiliary antenna of the terminal device, so as to establish a user plane second service bearer with the at least one of the medium-orbit satellites and low-orbit satellites. The user plane second service bearer is used to carry a second service different from the first service. The first preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-orbit satellites (medium-orbit satellites) measured by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is higher than a first decision criterion. The first decision criterion includes that the signal quality of the medium-orbit satellite exceeds a threshold in the system messages parsed by the terminal device. This threshold can be adjusted according to different application scenarios. When the signal quality is above the threshold, the terminal device can establish wireless communication with the medium-orbit satellite with a high success rate.

[0055] The auxiliary antenna beam of the terminal device tracks the low-Earth orbit satellite to measure signal quality and reports the measurement report through the main antenna beam. After meeting the threshold requirements of the core network system, the core network system instructs the terminal device to initiate access to the low-Earth orbit satellite through the control plane established between the terminal's main antenna beam and the high-Earth orbit satellite, thereby establishing a high-speed data service bearer.

[0056] It is understandable that establishing different satellite communication services on high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellites and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites respectively improves the stability of services established on HEO satellites and reduces the number of services; at the same time, it increases the bandwidth of services established on LEO satellites and improves the user experience.

[0057] In some embodiments, the method further includes: the terminal device receiving the ephemeris of at least one of the medium-Earth orbit (MEO) satellite and the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite via the control plane signaling bearer; the terminal device controlling the auxiliary antenna to track the at least one of the MEO satellite and the LEO satellite based on the ephemeris, and measuring the signal quality of the satellite link of the at least one of the MEO satellite and the LEO satellite; the terminal device reporting a first measurement result of the signal quality to the high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellite via the control plane signaling bearer; and the terminal device receiving, via the control plane signaling bearer, an access instruction from the HEO satellite instructing the terminal device to initiate access to the at least one of the MEO satellite and the LEO satellite, wherein the access instruction is sent by the HEO satellite in response to the first measurement result indicating that the signal quality is higher than the first decision criterion.

[0058] In response to the terminal device successfully accessing at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites, the device feeds back the bearer update of the second service to the high-Earth orbit satellite through the main antenna; and establishes the user plane second service bearer with at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites through the auxiliary antenna.

[0059] In response to the existence of the second service between the terminal device and the high-orbit satellite, communication of the second service is restored via the user plane second service bearer; in response to the absence of the second service between the terminal device and the high-orbit satellite, communication of the second service is initiated via the user plane second service bearer.

[0060] After obtaining ephemeris information of medium-Earth orbit (MEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites through the control plane signaling bearer established with the GEO satellite, the terminal device receives system messages through its auxiliary antenna to obtain signal quality information of the MEO and LEO satellites. The terminal device then sends a measurement report of the measured signal quality information of the MEO and LEO satellites to the core network through the control plane signaling bearer established with the GEO satellite. When the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the MEO and LEO satellites measured by the terminal device through its auxiliary antenna is higher than the first decision criterion, the GEO satellite sends access indication information, and the terminal device sends a radio access request to the MEO satellite through its auxiliary antenna to establish a high-data service bearer with the MEO satellite. The control plane signaling bearer established between the terminal device's main antenna and the GEO satellite enables control plane interaction between the terminal device and the GEO satellite, simplifying the control process.

[0061] In one example, such as Figure 3 The diagram shows the first signaling method for satellite communication. In the diagram:

[0062] Step 301: After the terminal powers on, it controls the main antenna beam to search for and point to high-orbit satellites, and then initiates initial access and network registration via the high-orbit satellites. During the registration process, the core network instructs the terminal network to support high- and low-orbit integrated networking, and the terminal device reports to the core network that the terminal supports dual-mode, dual-standby, dual-pass, and low-orbit mode (data only).

[0063] Step 302: The terminal equipment establishes a control plane signaling bearer with the high-orbit satellite and establishes a user plane voice, messaging and other basic high-priority communication service bearer (user plane first service bearer) according to the user service contract. If the medium and low orbit satellites are unavailable at this time, a lower priority data service bearer (user plane second service bearer) can be established.

[0064] Step 303: The high-orbit satellite obtains the constellation ephemeris information of the medium and low-orbit satellites in operation through the core network or the interface between ground gateway stations (high-orbit Q / V link).

[0065] Step 304: Based on the location of the terminal equipment and the ephemeris of the medium and low orbit satellites, the high-orbit satellite sends the ephemeris of the medium and low orbit satellites to the terminal equipment at the time of the medium and low orbit satellites' arrival, instructing the terminal equipment to track the medium and low orbit satellites and measure their signal quality.

[0066] Step 305: The terminal device controls the auxiliary antenna beam to track the low-Earth orbit satellite and receives system messages from the core network to evaluate the quality of the received low-Earth orbit satellite link signal.

[0067] Step 306: The terminal device reports the measurement results via the high-orbit satellite control plane. The core network system determines whether the measurement results meet the access criteria for medium and low-orbit satellites. If they do, steps 307 to 312 are executed.

[0068] Step 307: If there is a low-priority data service between the current terminal device and the high-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite requests the core network mobility management module to update the terminal device's access status so as to further update the dedicated bearer for the terminal device's data service.

[0069] Step 308: The mobility management module of the core network further requests the session management module to prepare for the transfer of the low-priority data service context of the terminal device.

[0070] Step 309: The session management module notifies the user plane bearer module to transfer the low-priority user data service context from the high-orbit satellite to the medium-low orbit satellite.

[0071] In steps 310 and 311, the session management module sends a response to the mobility management module, and the mobility management module sends a response to the high-orbit satellite base station.

[0072] Step 312: The user plane bearer module performs a data service context transfer, transferring the low-priority data context from the high-orbit satellite to the medium-low orbit satellite.

[0073] Step 313: The high-orbit satellite instructs the terminal equipment to initiate access to the medium- and low-orbit satellite, thereby updating the data service bearer. The access message carries the system messages required for medium- and low-orbit satellite access.

[0074] Step 314a: The terminal device controls the auxiliary antenna beam to initiate access to the low-to-medium orbit satellite. After successful access, the terminal sends a response to the high-orbit satellite via the main antenna beam to update the bearer.

[0075] Step 315a: The low-Earth orbit satellite initiates a joint location or bearer update to the mobility management module and reports the location of the terminal device.

[0076] Step 316: The terminal device establishes a low-priority data service bearer through medium- and low-orbit satellites and satellite networks. Since the low-priority data service already exists on the high-orbit satellite link, the suspended data service is restored and resumed on the medium- and low-orbit satellite link, and the transmission bandwidth is increased.

[0077] Step 317: The mobility management module and the session management module work together to notify the high-orbit satellite to release the low-priority terminal data service context.

[0078] The prerequisite for switching low-priority data services from high-orbit satellites to medium-low orbit satellites is that the low-priority data services have already been established on high-orbit satellites. If, in step 306, the terminal device has not yet established a low-priority data service with the high-orbit satellite, the high-orbit satellite will directly instruct the terminal to enter the medium-low orbit satellite access process in step 313 to establish the low-priority data service on the medium-low orbit satellite.

[0079] It is understood that the satellite communication method according to the exemplary embodiment reduces the frequency of establishment of control plane signaling bearers and high-priority service bearers such as voice and messaging on high-Earth orbit (HEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, as well as the frequent switching of high-priority services, thereby reducing high-priority service interruptions and improving communication accessibility and stability. During periods and areas where LEO satellites are accessible, terminal devices can quickly access LEO satellites, switching low-priority services established on HEO satellites to LEO satellites, increasing data service bandwidth and improving user experience.

[0080] In some embodiments, the method further includes: in response to the terminal device failing to access at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellite and the low-Earth orbit satellite, reporting the access failure to the high-Earth orbit satellite via the main antenna; and communicating with the high-Earth orbit satellite for the second service via the main antenna.

[0081] Continue to refer to Figure 3In the first signaling diagram, step 314b, if the terminal device fails to access the low-Earth orbit satellite, the terminal device carries the access failure information in the response to the high-Earth orbit satellite to update the bearer.

[0082] Step 315b: The high-orbit satellite instructs the terminal equipment to continue the low-priority data service to be switched via the high-orbit satellite.

[0083] Step 316b: The high-orbit satellite reports to the satellite network that the terminal failed to access the low-orbit satellite, and the satellite network instructs the low-orbit satellite to release the data service context of the terminal equipment.

[0084] It is understandable that when terminal devices fail to track or access low-to-medium orbit satellites, or when service recovery fails, low-priority data services can quickly revert to high-orbit satellite resuming services, thereby improving communication accessibility and stability. It should be noted that this process... Figure 3 (Not specified). This exemplary satellite communication method can improve the system service instability caused by frequent handovers between high-Earth orbit (HEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites for control plane signaling. It reduces network interruptions and interruptions to high-priority communication services such as voice during handover, thereby improving communication accessibility and stability. Simultaneously, it increases the bandwidth for low-priority data services, enhancing the user experience.

[0085] In some embodiments, the method further includes: in response to a second preset condition being met, initiating an access failure to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit (MEO) satellite and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite via the auxiliary antenna; and feeding back a bearer update of the second service to the high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellite via the main antenna. The second preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the MEO satellite and LEO satellite, measured by the terminal device via the auxiliary antenna, is lower than a second decision criterion.

[0086] The terminal device continues to measure the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit (MEO) satellite and the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite; the terminal device reports the second measurement result of the signal quality to the high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellite via the control plane signaling bearer; the terminal device receives a de-access instruction from the HEO satellite via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate de-access to at least one of the MEO satellite and the LEO satellite, wherein the de-access instruction is sent by the HEO satellite in response to the second measurement result indicating that the signal quality is lower than the second decision criterion. A user plane third service bearer is established with the HEO satellite through the main antenna, and the user plane third service bearer is used to carry the second service.

[0087] When low- and medium-Earth orbit satellites depart or low-priority data services switch between high- and low-Earth orbit satellites, refer to Figure 4 The process is as follows:

[0088] Step 401: During the process of maintaining the service between the auxiliary antenna beam of the terminal equipment and the medium and low orbit satellite, the medium and low orbit satellite link signal is periodically measured according to the requirements of the core network system, and reported through the control plane of the main antenna beam and the high orbit satellite.

[0089] Step 402: When the signal quality of the low-Earth orbit satellite deteriorates and the core network system determines that the measurement results meet the data service bearer transfer criteria, if data service transmission is in progress between the terminal equipment and the low-Earth orbit satellite, the high-Earth orbit satellite requests the core network to perform data service bearer update and context transfer, and executes steps 403 to 407.

[0090] Step 403: The mobility management module of the core network requests the session management module to prepare for the transfer of low-priority data service context of the terminal device.

[0091] Step 404: The session management module notifies the user plane bearer module to transfer the low-priority user data service context from the low-Earth orbit satellite to the high-Earth orbit satellite.

[0092] In steps 405 and 406, the session management module sends a response to the mobility management module, and the mobility management module sends a response to the high-orbit satellite base station.

[0093] Step 407: The user plane bearer module performs a data service context transfer, transferring the data context from low-Earth orbit satellites to high-Earth orbit satellites, while updating the transmission bandwidth.

[0094] It can be seen that steps 403 to 407 involve the core network updating the data service bearer and transferring the context to the high-orbit satellite base station, a process similar to the entry process of medium and low-orbit satellites.

[0095] In step 408, the high-orbit satellite instructs the terminal equipment to update the data service bearer through the control plane and initiates the disconnection from the medium and low orbit satellites; the terminal equipment establishes a data service bearer with the high-orbit satellite through the main antenna beam. If there are any pending data services, they are restored and resumed, and the data service bandwidth is reduced.

[0096] Step 409a: If a new medium-low orbit satellite is about to enter the orbit, the high-orbit satellite sends the new medium-low orbit satellite ephemeris to the terminal, instructing the terminal to track the new medium-low orbit satellite and measure its signal quality.

[0097] In step 409b, the terminal device initiates access to the low-to-medium orbit satellite through the auxiliary antenna beam and sends a response for data service bearer update to the high-orbit satellite base station through the main antenna beam.

[0098] Step 410: The high-orbit satellite initiates a joint location update to the mobility management module.

[0099] Step 411: If a departing medium-low orbit satellite has a data service context, the mobility management module coordinates with the session management module to instruct the medium-low orbit satellite to release the data service context.

[0100] Step 412: If the terminal receives an ephemeris message from a high-orbit satellite indicating a new low-orbit satellite about to enter the region, the terminal's auxiliary antenna / beam tracks the new low-orbit satellite, receives system messages, assesses the signal quality of the relevant satellite link, and reports the information. Otherwise, the terminal's auxiliary antenna / beam stops satellite tracking, signal measurement, and reporting until a notification is sent from the high-orbit satellite.

[0101] It is understood that by using the satellite communication method of this embodiment to switch low-priority data services between high-orbit and low-orbit satellites, the high bandwidth performance of low-orbit satellites can be fully utilized. At the same time, it solves the problem of instability of basic system services caused by frequent switching of control plane signaling between high-orbit and low-orbit satellites, reduces network interruptions and interruptions of high-priority communication services such as voice during the switching process, and improves user experience.

[0102] The disclosed embodiments also provide a satellite communication method 500, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the satellite communication method 500 includes at least the following steps S510 to S520:

[0103] Step S510: The high-orbit satellite establishes a control plane signaling bearer and a user plane first service bearer with the terminal device through the main antenna of the terminal device, wherein the user plane first service bearer is used to carry a first service; wherein the first preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite measured by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is higher than the first decision criterion.

[0104] In step S520, in response to the first preset condition being met, the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer are maintained, and an access instruction is sent to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate access to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites through the auxiliary antenna, so that the terminal device establishes a user plane second service bearer with the at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites, the user plane second service bearer being used to carry a second service different from the first service.

[0105] The signal quality of the satellite link exceeding the first criterion includes the signal quality received by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna from the medium-low orbit satellite meeting a first threshold condition. The first threshold condition includes a signal strength greater than a preset value, such as -100 dB. The second service refers to data services, mainly including non-voice and messaging services, such as web browsing, streaming media, and downloading. The process of establishing the user plane first service bearer and the user plane second service bearer for the terminal device is described in [reference needed]. Figure 3 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0106] In some instances, the ephemeris of at least one of the medium-Earth orbit (MEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites is sent to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer. This enables the terminal device to control the auxiliary antenna to track at least one of the MEO and LEO satellites based on the ephemeris, and to measure the signal quality of the satellite link of at least one of the MEO and LEO satellites. A first measurement result of the signal quality is received from the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer. Based on the first measurement result, it is determined whether the first preset condition is met. This process mainly involves the interaction information between the terminal device and the high-Earth orbit satellites during the terminal device's access to MEO and LEO satellites. (See reference...) Figure 3 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0107] In some instances, the method further includes: in response to a second preset condition being met, sending a de-access instruction to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate de-access to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites via the auxiliary antenna; and receiving from the terminal device a bearer update for the second service fed back by the terminal device via the main antenna. The second preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites measured by the terminal device via the auxiliary antenna is lower than a second decision criterion.

[0108] The second measurement result of the signal quality is received from the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer; based on the second measurement result, it is determined whether the second preset condition is met. The high-orbit satellite establishes a user plane third service bearer with the terminal device through the main antenna of the terminal device, and the user plane third service bearer is used to carry the second service. (Reference) Figure 4 .

[0109] The second decision criterion includes ensuring that the signal quality received by the terminal device from the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite via the auxiliary antenna meets a second threshold condition. This second threshold condition means that the signal strength received by the terminal device via the auxiliary antenna is less than a preset value, such as -105 dB. When the signal strength is less than the second threshold, the high-speed data service bearer is transferred from the LEO satellite to the GEO satellite based on the core network. This process mainly involves the interaction with the GEO satellite when the LEO satellite leaves the network or when low-priority data services are switched between satellites. (See reference...) Figure 4 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0110] The satellite communication method disclosed in this embodiment switches low-priority data services between high-priority satellites and low-priority satellites when the low-orbit satellites leave the country or when the signal strength of the low-orbit satellites received by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is less than a preset value. This improves the stability of high-priority communication services while ensuring the continuity of low-priority data services, thus enhancing the user experience of the terminal device.

[0111] This disclosure also provides a computer storage medium storing instructions that, when executed individually or jointly by at least one processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the satellite communication method described above.

[0112] This disclosure also provides a computer program product, including instructions that, when executed individually or jointly by at least one processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the above-described satellite communication method.

[0113] This disclosure also provides a chip including a circuit system configured to perform the satellite communication method described above. It should be noted that the circuit system may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a general-purpose processor, or a combination thereof.

[0114] This disclosure also provides a computing device including at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to execute, individually or jointly, at least one memory-stored instruction of the computing device, so that the computing device performs the above-described satellite communication method.

[0115] Figure 7 This is a simplified block diagram of a computing device 700 suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the computing device 700 includes one or more processors 710, one or more memories 720 coupled to the processors 710, and one or more communication modules 740 coupled to the processors 710. The computing device 700 may be a satellite network device or a terminal device.

[0116] The communication module 740 is used for bidirectional communication. The communication module 740 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface can represent any interface necessary for communication with other network elements.

[0117] Processor 710 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network, and as a non-limiting example, can include one or more of the following: general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), and processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Computing device 700 can have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips, which are timely driven to a clock synchronized with the main processor.

[0118] Memory 720 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) 724, electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, optical disc (CD), digital video disc (DVD), and other magnetic and / or optical storage. Examples of volatile memories include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) 722 and other volatile memories that do not persist during power-off periods.

[0119] Computer program 730 includes computer-executable instructions that are executed by a associated processor 710. Program 730 may be stored in ROM 724. Processor 710 may perform any appropriate actions and processes by loading program 730 into RAM 722.

[0120] The embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented by program 730, enabling computing device 700 to execute reference... Figure 2 Any process disclosed herein. Embodiments of this disclosure may also be implemented in hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0121] In some embodiments, program 730 may be tangibly contained in a computer-readable medium, which may be contained in a computing device 700 (e.g., memory 720) or other storage device accessible to the computing device 700. The computing device 700 may load program 730 from the computer-readable medium into RAM 722 for execution. The computer-readable medium may include any type of tangible non-volatile memory, such as ROM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc. Program 730 is stored on the computer-readable medium.

[0122] Generally, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while others may be implemented in firmware or software, which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are shown and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or other graphical representations, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0123] This disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions included in program modules, which execute in a device on a target real or virtual processor. Typically, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. In various embodiments, the functionality of program modules can be combined or separated as needed among program modules. The machine-executable instructions for the program modules can execute within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, the program modules can reside in both local and remote storage media.

[0124] Program code used to perform the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, partially on a remote machine, partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server as a standalone software package.

[0125] In the context of this disclosure, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, etc.

[0126] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or apparatuses, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media include electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer floppy disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0127] Furthermore, although the operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring that these operations be performed in the specific order or sequence shown, or that all of the operations shown be performed to obtain the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these details should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0128] Although this disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological behavior, it should be understood that this disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or behaviors described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms for implementing the claims.

[0129] It should be fully understood that the use of personally identifiable information should comply with privacy policies and practices generally considered to meet or exceed industry or governmental requirements for protecting user privacy. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to the user.

Claims

1. A satellite communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: The terminal device accesses the high-orbit satellite through its main antenna to establish control plane signaling bearer and user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite, wherein the user plane first service bearer is used to carry the first service; In response to the first preset condition being met, the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer with the high-orbit satellite are maintained, and access is initiated to at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite through the auxiliary antenna of the terminal device, so as to establish a user plane second service bearer with the at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, the user plane second service bearer being used to carry a second service different from the first service.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites measured by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is higher than the first decision criterion.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal device receives the ephemeris of at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites via the control plane signaling bearer. The terminal device controls the auxiliary antenna to track at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites based on the ephemeris, and measures the signal quality of the satellite link of at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites; The terminal device reports the first measurement result of the signal quality to the high-orbit satellite via the control plane signaling bearer; The terminal device receives an access instruction from the high-orbit satellite via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate access to at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, wherein the access instruction is sent by the high-orbit satellite in response to the first measurement result indicating that the signal quality is higher than the first decision criterion.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the terminal device successfully accessing at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellite and the low-Earth orbit satellite, the bearer update of the second service is fed back to the high-Earth orbit satellite through the main antenna; The user plane second service bearer is established by means of the auxiliary antenna and at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellite and the low-Earth orbit satellite.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the existence of the second service between the terminal device and the high-orbit satellite, communication of the second service is restored via the user plane second service bearer; In response to the absence of the second service between the terminal device and the high-orbit satellite, communication for the second service is initiated via the user plane second service bearer.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the terminal device failing to successfully connect to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellite and the low-Earth orbit satellite, the terminal device sends feedback of the access failure to the high-Earth orbit satellite through the main antenna; The second service is communicated with the high-orbit satellite via the main antenna.

7. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the second preset condition being met, an outgoing access is initiated to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellite and the low-Earth orbit satellite via the auxiliary antenna; The main antenna feeds back the bearer update of the second service to the high-orbit satellite.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The second preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites measured by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is lower than the second decision criterion.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal device continues to measure the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites; The terminal device reports the second measurement result of the signal quality to the high-orbit satellite via the control plane signaling bearer; The terminal device receives from the high-orbit satellite via the control plane signaling bearer an instruction to initiate a de-access instruction to at least one of the medium-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite, wherein the de-access instruction is sent by the high-orbit satellite in response to the second measurement result indicating that the signal quality is lower than the second decision criterion.

10. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The user plane third service bearer is established through the main antenna and is used to carry the second service.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to a change in the location area and / or registration area of ​​the terminal device, a location update is initiated to the core network via the main antenna and the control plane signaling bearer.

12. A satellite communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: The high-orbit satellite establishes control plane signaling bearer and user plane first service bearer with the terminal equipment through the main antenna of the terminal equipment, wherein the user plane first service bearer is used to carry the first service; In response to the first preset condition being met, the control plane signaling bearer and the user plane first service bearer are maintained, and an access instruction is sent to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate access to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites through the auxiliary antenna, so that the terminal device establishes a user plane second service bearer with the at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites, the user plane second service bearer being used to carry a second service different from the first service.

13. The method as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The first preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites measured by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is higher than the first decision criterion.

14. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal device sends the ephemeris of at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer, so that the terminal device controls the auxiliary antenna to track the at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites based on the ephemeris, and measures the signal quality of the satellite link of the at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites. Receive a first measurement result of the signal quality from the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer; Based on the first measurement result, determine whether the first preset condition is met.

15. The method as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the second preset condition being met, a de-access instruction is sent to the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer, instructing the terminal device to initiate a de-access instruction to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites through the auxiliary antenna; Receive the bearer update of the second service from the terminal device via the main antenna.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The second preset condition includes: the signal quality of the satellite link to at least one of the medium-Earth orbit satellites and low-Earth orbit satellites measured by the terminal device through the auxiliary antenna is lower than the second decision criterion.

17. The method as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second measurement result of the signal quality is received from the terminal device via the control plane signaling bearer; Based on the second measurement result, determine whether the second preset condition is met.

18. The method as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The method further includes: The high-orbit satellite establishes a user plane third service bearer with the terminal device through the main antenna of the terminal device, and the user plane third service bearer is used to carry the second service.

19. A computing device, characterized in that, The computing device includes at least one processor configured to execute, individually or collectively, at least one memory-stored instruction of the computing device to cause the computing device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. A computer storage medium storing instructions thereon, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed individually or jointly by at least one processor of the computing device, the computing device performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

21. A computer program product, comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed individually or jointly by at least one processor of the computing device, the computing device performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

22. A chip system, characterized in that, Includes a circuit system configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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