Adaptive rate adjustment methods, devices, media, and equipment in real-time communication

Abstract

This disclosure relates to the field of real-time communication technology, and provides an adaptive bitrate adjustment method, an adaptive bitrate adjustment device, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device for real-time communication. The method includes: transmitting data at a first probe bitrate higher than the current stable transmission bitrate, and determining a first transmission quality assessment score based on receiver feedback information at the first probe bitrate; transmitting data at a second probe bitrate lower than the current stable transmission bitrate, and determining a second transmission quality assessment score based on receiver feedback information at the second probe bitrate; determining a bitrate adjustment parameter based on the difference between the first and second transmission quality assessment scores and the current stable transmission bitrate; and updating the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameter. This disclosure can effectively improve the smoothness and image quality of real-time communication in weak or dynamic network environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of real-time communication technology, and in particular to an adaptive bit rate adjustment method, an adaptive bit rate adjustment device, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device in real-time communication. Background Technology

[0002] In applications with extremely high real-time requirements, such as live streaming, online education and training, and video conferencing, millisecond-level ultra-low latency has become a core indicator for ensuring a smooth user experience. To meet this need, the industry generally adopts real-time communication technology solutions based on the RTC (Real-Time Communication) protocol. However, the bandwidth awareness accuracy of this solution in complex network environments still needs improvement.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a new adaptive bit rate adjustment method and apparatus for real-time communication.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an adaptive bit rate adjustment method, an adaptive bit rate adjustment device, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device in real-time communication, thereby overcoming, to at least a certain extent, the technical problem of insufficient bandwidth sensing accuracy in complex network environments.

[0006] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this disclosure.

[0007] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, an adaptive bit rate adjustment method for real-time communication is provided, comprising: Data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. Data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. Based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, and in conjunction with the current stable transmission bit rate, determine the bit rate adjustment parameters; The current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the bitrate adjustment parameters.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, before transmitting data at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, the method further includes: Data is transmitted at an initial bitrate, and the initial bitrate is gradually increased according to a preset bitrate increase rule until a network congestion signal is detected, at which point the bitrate increase is terminated; the initial bitrate is lower than a first bitrate threshold. The current initial bit rate is gradually reduced according to the preset bit rate reduction rules until the current initial bit rate is consistent with the actual received bit rate. The current initial bitrate when it tends to be consistent is determined as the current stable transmission bitrate.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the step of gradually increasing the initial bitrate according to a preset bitrate boosting rule includes: For every preset number of round-trip delays, the current initial bitrate is increased by a first preset multiple.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the step of gradually reducing the current initial bitrate according to a preset bitrate reduction rule includes: For every preset number of round-trip delays, the current initial bitrate is reduced by a second preset factor.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: Multiply the current stable transmission code rate by a preset amplification factor to obtain the first detection code rate; The second probe rate is obtained by multiplying the current stable transmission rate by a preset reduction factor.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the receiver feedback information includes at least two of the following: throughput, round-trip time, and packet loss rate; The step of determining the first transmission quality assessment score based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate includes: The parameters contained in the feedback information from the receiving end are weighted to obtain the first transmission quality score.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, determining the bitrate adjustment parameter based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bitrate, includes: Obtain the first difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score; Obtain the first product between the current stable transmission rate and the first adjustment factor; The bitrate adjustment parameter is determined based on the ratio between the first difference and the first product.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, updating the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameter includes: Obtain the second product between the bitrate adjustment parameter and the second adjustment factor; The current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the sum of the current stable transmission bitrate and the second product.

[0015] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an adaptive bit rate adjustment device for real-time communication is provided, comprising: The first determining module is used to transmit data at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and to determine a first transmission quality evaluation score based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. The second determining module is used to transmit data at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and to determine a second transmission quality evaluation score based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. The third determining module is used to determine the bit rate adjustment parameters based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bit rate. The bitrate update module is used to update the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameters.

[0016] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication described in the first aspect.

[0017] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to perform the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication described in the first aspect by executing the executable instructions.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the adaptive bit rate adjustment method, adaptive bit rate adjustment device, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic device in real-time communication of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have at least the following advantages and positive effects: In some embodiments of the present disclosure, data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality assessment score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. Simultaneously, data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality assessment score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. Then, based on the difference between the first and second transmission quality assessment scores and in conjunction with the current stable transmission code rate, a code rate adjustment parameter is determined. Finally, the current stable transmission code rate is updated based on the code rate adjustment parameter. On the one hand, by probing bidirectionally in both directions above and below the current stable bitrate and comparing the transmission quality differences in the two directions, this method can more accurately identify the available bandwidth and potential congestion risks, effectively avoiding over-adjustment (such as packet loss caused by blindly increasing the bitrate) or excessive conservatism (such as image quality loss caused by long-term low bitrate) caused by traditional one-way probing strategies. On the other hand, by incorporating the current stable transmission bitrate into the calculation process of the bitrate adjustment parameters, the adjustment direction is made more reliable and the adjustment step size is more adaptable, thereby achieving faster convergence speed and smoother bitrate transition in complex, weak, or frequently fluctuating network environments, significantly improving the stability, smoothness, and overall user experience of real-time communication.

[0019] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the architecture of a real-time communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the initial stage and the draining stage in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 4 This illustration shows a flowchart of how to determine the bitrate adjustment parameters based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bitrate, in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5This illustration shows a flowchart of how the current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the bitrate adjustment parameters in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 This diagram shows the overall flowchart of the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the structure of an adaptive rate adjustment device in real-time communication according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided to make this disclosure more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a full understanding of embodiments of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this disclosure can be practiced with one or more of the specific details omitted, or other methods, components, apparatus, steps, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known technical solutions are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] The terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” are used in this specification to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first” and “second” are used only as markings and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0024] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities.

[0025] The following is an explanation of the technical terms used in this disclosure: Bitrate refers to the number of bits used by a media data stream per unit of time, usually measured in bits per second (bps), and is used to characterize the data rate of audio / video encoding output or network transmission. In real-time communication systems, the bitrate is dynamically set by the encoder at the transmitting end based on the target image quality, frame rate, and network feedback; it is a controllable variable that can be actively adjusted. Higher bitrates generally correspond to higher media quality, but the demand for network resources also increases accordingly.

[0026] Bandwidth refers to the maximum data transmission capacity that a communication link can carry per unit of time, also measured in bps. In the real-time communication scenarios covered in this disclosure, available bandwidth specifically refers to the upper limit of actual data throughput that the current network path can stably support without affecting transmission quality. This value is affected by factors such as physical link capacity, network congestion, multi-stream contention, and wireless channel conditions, and is time-varying and unpredictable, requiring online estimation based on feedback information from the receiving end.

[0027] RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) is a network protocol used to transmit real-time audio and video media data over the Internet. It is responsible for transmitting encoded audio and video streams as data packets from the sender to the receiver, providing information such as timestamps, sequence numbers, and payload types to support synchronized playback, packet loss detection, and codec identification. RTP is typically based on UDP and emphasizes low latency rather than reliability.

[0028] RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol) is a control and feedback protocol used in conjunction with RTP to monitor media transmission quality and relay information about participants. RTCP does not transmit media data; instead, it periodically sends reports (such as packet loss rate, jitter, and round-trip time) to help the sender dynamically adjust encoding parameters or network strategies, thereby ensuring communication quality. RTCP messages typically use adjacent ports as RTP packets and consume a small amount of bandwidth (generally no more than 5% of the total bandwidth).

[0029] In applications with extremely high real-time requirements, such as live streaming, online education and training, and video conferencing, millisecond-level ultra-low latency has become a core indicator for ensuring a smooth user experience. To meet this need, the industry generally adopts real-time communication technology solutions based on the RTC protocol. This solution effectively supports a smooth, almost seamless audio and video interaction experience through end-to-end media transmission, low-latency encoding and decoding, and adaptive adjustment mechanisms.

[0030] However, existing RTC technology still has significant shortcomings in bandwidth assessment. Real-world network environments are complex and variable, especially in typical scenarios such as mobile devices, weak network conditions, or cross-regional transmission, where available bandwidth fluctuates frequently and significantly. If the system cannot accurately and promptly perceive the current bandwidth status, it becomes difficult to dynamically adjust audio and video transmission rates, leading to problems such as video stuttering, sudden resolution drops, intermittent audio, and even audio-visual desynchronization. In more severe cases, it can cause connection interruptions, frequent reconnections, and long waiting times, significantly reducing system availability and user satisfaction.

[0031] Although current solutions have incorporated technologies such as dynamic bitrate adjustment and network congestion detection to improve adaptability, bandwidth assessment still generally suffers from limitations such as response lag and inaccurate judgment under extreme or continuously changing network conditions, making it difficult to fundamentally solve the problems of latency and image quality degradation. Therefore, improving the bandwidth awareness accuracy and adaptive capability of RTC systems in complex network environments has become a key technological breakthrough for enhancing system robustness and ensuring a high-quality real-time interactive experience.

[0032] In view of this, this disclosure proposes a bandwidth evaluation mechanism based on performance feedback. This mechanism abandons the traditional method that relies on a single indicator or static model, and adopts a dynamic trial and multi-dimensional feedback strategy: by actively fine-tuning the audio and video transmission bitrate, it collects network performance indicators such as packet loss rate, latency, jitter, and throughput in real time, comprehensively evaluates the communication quality at different rates, and dynamically selects the optimal transmission bitrate to accurately approximate the currently available bandwidth. This closed-loop adaptive mechanism significantly improves the bandwidth perception accuracy and response speed of the RTC system in complex environments such as weak networks, mobile handover, or cross-regional operations, effectively alleviating problems such as stuttering, sudden drop in image quality, and audio-visual asynchrony, thereby enhancing communication stability and user experience.

[0033] In the embodiments of this disclosure, an adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication is first provided, which at least to some extent overcomes the shortcomings of related technologies in bandwidth perception accuracy in complex network environments.

[0034] Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of an adaptive bitrate adjustment method in real-time communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The subject executing the adaptive bitrate adjustment method in real-time communication can be the sending end.

[0035] refer to Figure 1 An adaptive bitrate adjustment method in real-time communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps: Step S110: Data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. Step S120: Data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. Step S130: Determine the bit rate adjustment parameters based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bit rate; Step S140: Update the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameters.

[0036] exist Figure 1 In the technical solution provided by the illustrated embodiment, data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality assessment score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate; simultaneously, data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality assessment score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate; then, based on the difference between the first and second transmission quality assessment scores and in conjunction with the current stable transmission code rate, a code rate adjustment parameter is determined; finally, the current stable transmission code rate is updated based on the code rate adjustment parameter. On the one hand, by probing bidirectionally in both directions above and below the current stable bitrate and comparing the transmission quality differences in the two directions, this method can more accurately identify the available bandwidth and potential congestion risks, effectively avoiding over-adjustment (such as packet loss caused by blindly increasing the bitrate) or excessive conservatism (such as image quality loss caused by long-term low bitrate) caused by traditional one-way probing strategies. On the other hand, by incorporating the current stable transmission bitrate into the calculation process of the bitrate adjustment parameters, the adjustment direction is made more reliable and the adjustment step size is more adaptable, thereby achieving faster convergence speed and smoother bitrate transition in complex, weak, or frequently fluctuating network environments, significantly improving the stability, smoothness, and overall user experience of real-time communication.

[0037] The following are Figure 1 The specific implementation process of each step in the process will be explained in detail: First, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a real-time communication system in an embodiment of this disclosure, such as... Figure 2 As shown: The aforementioned real-time communication system comprises at least two communication peers, each representing an independent end user. The peers transmit data streams carrying media such as audio and video via RTP and exchange control information and network status feedback via RTCP. Each peer possesses network status awareness capabilities based on RTCP messages, enabling it to analyze key network parameters such as packet loss rate, round-trip time, and throughput fed back from the receiving end, thereby assessing the current available bandwidth of the network. This mechanism achieves real-time monitoring and dynamic response to network conditions, improving the stability and transmission efficiency of audio and video communication, and providing fundamental support for strategies such as adaptive bitrate adjustment.

[0038] Steps S110-S140 belong to the detection phase, and before the detection phase, there are also an initial phase and a draining phase.

[0039] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the flow chart of the initial stage and the draining stage in an embodiment of the present disclosure, including steps S301-S303: In step S301, data is transmitted at an initial bit rate, and the initial bit rate is gradually increased according to a preset bit rate increase rule until a network congestion signal is detected and the bit rate increase is terminated; the initial bit rate is lower than the first bit rate threshold.

[0040] In this step, at the initial stage of the real-time communication session, the sending end lacks prior knowledge of the current network link status. To avoid queue overflow, packet loss, or a surge in latency caused by sudden high bitrate transmission, a conservative initial bitrate (e.g., 100kbps or the system's preset minimum video encoding bitrate) can be selected first. This initial bitrate is set below the first bitrate threshold (e.g., 500kbps) to ensure stable transmission in most weak network environments.

[0041] Subsequently, the sender enters an exponential ramp-up phase: after a preset number of round-trip times (RTTs) (e.g., 2 RTTs), the current transmission rate is multiplied by a first preset factor (usually 2, i.e., "doubled"), thereby quickly testing the upper limit of the network's uplink bandwidth. During this process, the sender continuously listens for feedback information from the receiver (such as packet loss rate, ACK rate, and receive throughput in RTCP packets).

[0042] When a network congestion signal is detected (e.g., continuous packet loss rate exceeds a preset threshold, ACK code rate growth stagnates, or RTT increases significantly), it is determined that the network is close to or has reached its capacity limit. The code rate increase operation is immediately terminated, and the code rate at this time is recorded as the "peak detection code rate" to provide a starting point for the subsequent drainage phase.

[0043] In step S302, the current initial bit rate is gradually reduced according to the preset bit rate reduction rule until the current initial bit rate and the actual received bit rate tend to be consistent.

[0044] In this step, after step S301 terminates, the draining phase can begin. Because the previous exponential increase may have caused a large backlog of packets to be forwarded in intermediate network nodes (such as router buffers), continuing to send at the peak bit rate immediately would exacerbate congestion and lead to continuous packet loss. Therefore, the sending end needs to actively reduce its sending rate to "empty" the network buffers and allow the system to return to a steady state.

[0045] Specifically, the sending end performs linear or proportional code reduction according to the preset code rate reduction rules: after a preset number of RTTs (e.g., 2 RTTs), the current sending code rate is multiplied by a second preset multiple (the second preset multiple is less than 1, e.g., 0.9, which means a reduction of 10% each time).

[0046] Meanwhile, the sending end continuously monitors the actual received bit rate (which can be estimated from the ACK bit rate or effective throughput fed back by the receiving end). As the sending bit rate gradually decreases, the network load is reduced, and the receiving end is able to receive data packets more completely. The received bit rate fed back by the receiving end will gradually approach the actual sending rate of the sending end.

[0047] This process continues until the difference between the current transmitted bit rate and the actual received bit rate is less than a preset tolerance threshold (e.g., the difference does not exceed 5%), or the trend of the two changes tends to be stable, indicating that the network has recovered from the congestion state and entered a balanced transmission state.

[0048] In step S303, the current initial code rate when it tends to be consistent is determined as the current stable transmission code rate.

[0049] In this step, when the convergence condition in step S302 is met (i.e., the transmit code rate and the receive code rate are basically the same), it can be considered that the sustainable transmission capacity of the current network under no congestion or mild congestion has been successfully explored. At this time, the converged code rate value can be formally established as the current stable transmit code rate r.

[0050] This stable bit rate will serve as a benchmark reference point for subsequent probing phases (steps S110-S140), enabling more precise bandwidth fine-tuning. It should be noted that this "current stable transmission bit rate" is not fixed but rather a dynamic operating point for the entire adaptive control loop, continuously updated based on network changes during subsequent communication.

[0051] Next, refer to Figure 1 In step S110, data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate.

[0052] In this step, data can be transmitted at a first probe rate higher than the current stable transmission rate, and a first transmission quality evaluation score can be determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe rate.

[0053] For example, the current stable transmission rate r can be multiplied by a preset amplification factor. The first probe code rate is obtained, where, It can be a number greater than 0 but less than 1, representing the incremental ratio of the bit rate. It can be set according to the actual situation, and this disclosure does not impose any special restrictions on it.

[0054] The receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate may include at least two of the following: throughput, round-trip time, and packet loss rate. Thus, the parameters contained in the receiver feedback information can be weighted to obtain a first transmission quality score.

[0055] Specifically, the first transmission quality score can be calculated based on the following formula 1. :

[0056] in, These are configurable parameters used to adjust the contribution weights of various parameters; Throughput, a key indicator of network transmission efficiency, increases utility score in utility score calculations, reflecting the pursuit of high transmission rates. This can be achieved by adjusting parameters. This allows control over the degree to which throughput affects the quality score.

[0057] Representing the time delay from sending to receiving and returning, RTT (Relative Time To Transaction) is more sensitive to trends of escalating or mitigating network congestion. In utility score calculations, an increase in RTT decreases the utility value, reflecting the need for low-latency transmission. This can be achieved by adjusting parameters. It can be controlled The degree of influence on the quality score.

[0058] The packet loss rate represents the proportion of data packets lost during transmission and is an important indicator of network reliability. An increase in the packet loss rate significantly reduces the utility value, reflecting the importance placed on high-reliability transmission. This can be addressed by adjusting... The parameter can control the degree to which the packet loss rate affects the quality score.

[0059] In step S120, data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate.

[0060] In this step, data can be transmitted at a second probe rate lower than the current stable transmission rate, and a second transmission quality evaluation score can be determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe rate.

[0061] For example, the current stable transmission rate r can be multiplied by a preset shrinkage factor. The second probe code rate is obtained, where, It can be a number greater than 0 but less than 1, representing the incremental ratio of the bit rate. It can be set according to the actual situation, and this disclosure does not impose any special restrictions on it.

[0062] The receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate may include at least two of the following: throughput, round-trip time, and packet loss rate. Thus, the parameters contained in the receiver feedback information can be weighted to obtain a second transmission quality score.

[0063] Similarly, the second transmission quality score mentioned above can be calculated based on the following formula 2. :

[0064] In step S130, the bit rate adjustment parameter is determined based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bit rate.

[0065] In this step, the bitrate adjustment parameters can be determined based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bitrate.

[0066] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This illustration shows a flowchart of how to determine the bitrate adjustment parameter based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bitrate, in an embodiment of this disclosure. The flowchart includes steps S401-S403. In step S401, a first difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score is obtained.

[0067] In this step, the first difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score can be obtained. - .

[0068] In step S402, the first product between the current stable transmission rate and the first adjustment factor is obtained.

[0069] In this step, the current stable transmission rate r and the first adjustment factor can be obtained. The first product between them.

[0070] In step S403, the bit rate adjustment parameter is determined based on the ratio between the first difference and the first product.

[0071] In this step, the bitrate adjustment parameters can be determined based on the ratio between the first difference and the first product. Specifically, please refer to Formula 3 below:

[0072] It should be noted that the above bitrate adjustment parameters are used to indicate the direction and potential step size of the bitrate adjustment, specifically: The sign (positive or negative) of the above bitrate adjustment parameters indicates the direction of bitrate adjustment, and the magnitude of their absolute value reflects the recommended adjustment range.

[0073] When the bitrate adjustment parameter is positive, it indicates that the transmission quality obtained at the first probe bitrate, which is higher than the current stable transmission bitrate, is better than the transmission quality at the second probe bitrate, which is lower than the current bitrate. This means that the network still has available bandwidth, and the bitrate should be adjusted upward to improve transmission efficiency. Conversely, when the bitrate adjustment parameter is negative, it indicates that the transmission quality of downward probe is better, suggesting that the current bitrate may be close to or exceed the network's carrying capacity, posing a risk of congestion. In this case, the bitrate should be adjusted downward to ensure communication stability.

[0074] Furthermore, the larger the absolute value of the bitrate adjustment parameter, the more significant the difference in transmission quality between the two probe directions, reflecting a more drastic change in network state or a greater deviation of the current bitrate from the optimal operating point. Therefore, a larger adjustment step size can be used to accelerate convergence. When the absolute value is small, it indicates that the transmission quality in the two directions is similar and the network is in a relatively stable state. In this case, a smaller adjustment step size should be used to avoid over-adjustment that could cause bitrate oscillations, thereby achieving smooth and stable adaptive control.

[0075] In step S140, the current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the bitrate adjustment parameter.

[0076] In this step, the bitrate adjustment parameters can be based on the above. Update the current stable transmission bitrate.

[0077] For details, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This illustration shows a flowchart of how the current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the bitrate adjustment parameter in an embodiment of this disclosure, including steps S501-S502: In step S501, the second product between the bit rate adjustment parameter and the second adjustment factor is obtained.

[0078] In this step, the bitrate adjustment parameters can be obtained. With the second adjustment factor The second product between them.

[0079] in, Also known as the learning rate, it's a configurable parameter used to control the step size of bitrate adjustments. A larger learning rate makes bitrate adjustments more aggressive, potentially leading to faster convergence, but may also cause oscillations or instability. A smaller learning rate makes bitrate adjustments smoother, but may result in slower convergence. By setting the learning rate appropriately, a balance can be struck between stability and convergence speed.

[0080] In step S502, the current stable transmission rate is updated based on the accumulated value between the current stable transmission rate and the second product.

[0081] In this step, the current stable transmission bitrate can be updated based on the accumulated value between the current stable transmission bitrate and the second product, as shown in the following formula 4:

[0082] in, This represents the updated current stable transmission bitrate.

[0083] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This diagram shows the overall flowchart of the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication in this embodiment of the present disclosure, including steps S601-S604: In step S601, begin; In step S602, the initial stage is performed, that is, data is transmitted at a low initial code rate, and the transmission code rate is gradually increased according to the preset code rate increase rule. Every preset number of round-trip delays (RTTs) the current code rate is increased by a first preset multiple until a network congestion signal is detected (such as an increase in packet loss rate or a stagnation in ACK code rate growth), thereby terminating the code rate increase operation. In step S603, the drainage stage is performed, that is, after network congestion is detected, the current transmission bit rate is gradually reduced according to the preset bit rate reduction rule. Every preset number of RTTs, the current bit rate is multiplied by a second preset multiple (less than 1), and the reduction continues until the current transmission bit rate is consistent with the actual received bit rate fed back by the receiver. In step S604, the probing phase begins. The bit rate when it tends to be consistent is determined as the current stable transmission bit rate, and bidirectional probing is performed periodically based on this bit rate: data is transmitted using a first probing bit rate higher than the current stable bit rate and a second probing bit rate lower than the current stable bit rate, respectively, and the corresponding first transmission quality evaluation score and second transmission quality evaluation score are obtained; the bit rate adjustment parameter is calculated based on the difference between the two and the current stable bit rate, and then the current stable transmission bit rate is updated, so as to realize dynamic response and adaptive adjustment to changes in network bandwidth.

[0084] The detection phase can be executed repeatedly to continuously optimize the bitrate settings and ensure the stability and smoothness of audio and video communication in complex network environments.

[0085] Based on the above technical solutions, this disclosure has at least the following technical effects: By actively performing bidirectional rate probing around the current stable bit rate (i.e., simultaneously trying slightly higher and slightly lower transmission rates), and combining this with multi-dimensional network performance metrics from the receiver (including packet loss rate, round-trip time, throughput, and ACK rate), the transmission quality at both probing points can be quantitatively scored. This allows for the construction of a local "quality gradient," thus more reliably determining whether the current bit rate is within the optimal operating range of network capacity. Compared to traditional methods that rely solely on unidirectional probing (such as continuously increasing the bit rate until packet loss) or static threshold judgments, this scheme effectively avoids misjudgments caused by instantaneous network jitter, reduces over-adjustment or conservative bit rate reduction, and can still quickly and accurately approximate the actual available bandwidth even in weak network scenarios with frequent bandwidth fluctuations.

[0086] This disclosure also provides an adaptive bit rate adjustment device for real-time communication. Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the structure of an adaptive bit rate adjustment device in real-time communication according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the adaptive bit rate adjustment device 700 in real-time communication may include a first determining module 710, a second determining module 720, a third determining module 730, and a bit rate update module 740. Wherein: The first determining module 710 is used to transmit data at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and to determine a first transmission quality evaluation score based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. The second determining module 720 is used to transmit data at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and to determine a second transmission quality evaluation score based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. The third determining module 730 is used to determine the bit rate adjustment parameters based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bit rate. The bitrate update module 740 is used to update the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameters.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, before transmitting data at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, the first determining module 710 is further configured to: Data is transmitted at an initial bitrate, and the initial bitrate is gradually increased according to a preset bitrate increase rule until a network congestion signal is detected, at which point the bitrate increase is terminated; the initial bitrate is lower than a first bitrate threshold. The current initial bit rate is gradually reduced according to the preset bit rate reduction rules until the current initial bit rate is consistent with the actual received bit rate. The current initial bitrate when it tends to be consistent is determined as the current stable transmission bitrate.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first determining module 710 gradually increases the initial bitrate according to a preset bitrate increase rule, including: For every preset number of round-trip delays, the current initial bitrate is increased by a first preset multiple.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first determining module 710 gradually reduces the current initial bitrate according to a preset bitrate reduction rule, including: For every preset number of round-trip delays, the current initial bitrate is reduced by a second preset factor.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first determining module 710 is configured to multiply the current stable transmission code rate by a preset amplification factor to obtain the first detection code rate; The second determining module 720 is used to multiply the current stable transmission code rate by a preset shrinkage factor to obtain the second detection code rate.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the receiver feedback information includes at least two of the following: throughput, round-trip time, and packet loss rate; The first determining module 710 is configured to determine a first transmission quality assessment score based on receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate, including: The parameters contained in the feedback information from the receiving end are weighted to obtain the first transmission quality score.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the third determining module 730 determines a bitrate adjustment parameter based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bitrate, including: Obtain the first difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score; Obtain the first product between the current stable transmission rate and the first adjustment factor; The bitrate adjustment parameter is determined based on the ratio between the first difference and the first product.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the rate update module 740 updates the current stable transmission rate based on the rate adjustment parameters, including: Obtain the second product between the bitrate adjustment parameter and the second adjustment factor; The current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the sum of the current stable transmission bitrate and the second product.

[0094] The specific details of each module in the adaptive bit rate adjustment device in the above-mentioned real-time communication have been described in detail in the corresponding adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication, so they will not be repeated here.

[0095] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0096] Furthermore, although the steps of the method in this disclosure are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the steps must be performed in that specific order, or that all the steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additional or alternative steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or a step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0097] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, mobile terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0098] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0099] Computer-readable storage media can be, for example—but not limited to—electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0100] A computer-readable storage medium can be sent, propagated, or transmitted for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wireline, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0101] A computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs that, when executed by an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0102] Furthermore, this disclosure also provides an electronic device capable of implementing the above-described method.

[0103] Those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this disclosure can be implemented as a system, method, or program product. Therefore, various aspects of this disclosure can be specifically implemented in the following forms: a completely hardware implementation, a completely software implementation (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software aspects, collectively referred to herein as a "circuit," "module," or "system."

[0104] The following reference Figure 8 To describe an electronic device 800 according to such an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 The electronic device 800 shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0105] like Figure 8As shown, the electronic device 800 is presented in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 800 may include, but are not limited to: at least one processor 810, at least one memory 820, a bus 830 connecting different system components (including memory 820 and processor 810), and a display 840.

[0106] The memory stores program code that can be executed by the processor 810, causing the processor 810 to perform the steps described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification according to various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For example, the processor 810 can perform actions such as... Figure 1 As shown: Step S110, data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality assessment score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate; Step S120, data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality assessment score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate; Step S130, a code rate adjustment parameter is determined based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission code rate; Step S140, the current stable transmission code rate is updated based on the code rate adjustment parameter.

[0107] The memory 820 may include a readable medium in the form of volatile storage, such as random access memory (RAM) 8201 and / or cache memory 8202, and may further include read-only memory (ROM) 8203.

[0108] The memory 820 may also include a program / utility 8204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 8205, including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0109] Bus 830 can represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, peripheral bus, graphics acceleration port, processor, or a local bus using any of the various bus structures.

[0110] Electronic device 800 can also communicate with one or more external devices 900 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, Bluetooth device, etc.), and with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with electronic device 800, and / or with any device that enables electronic device 800 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., router, modem, etc.). This communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interface 850. Furthermore, electronic device 800 can also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and / or public networks, such as the Internet) via network adapter 860. As shown, network adapter 860 communicates with other modules of electronic device 800 via bus 830. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figures, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with electronic device 800, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processors, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0111] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication, characterized in that, include: Data is transmitted at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and a first transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. Data is transmitted at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and a second transmission quality evaluation score is determined based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. Based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, and in conjunction with the current stable transmission bit rate, determine the bit rate adjustment parameters; The current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the bitrate adjustment parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before transmitting data at a first probe rate higher than the current stable transmission rate, the method further includes: Data is transmitted at an initial bitrate, and the initial bitrate is gradually increased according to a preset bitrate increase rule until a network congestion signal is detected, at which point the bitrate increase is terminated; the initial bitrate is lower than a first bitrate threshold. The current initial bit rate is gradually reduced according to the preset bit rate reduction rules until the current initial bit rate is consistent with the actual received bit rate. The current initial bitrate when it tends to be consistent is determined as the current stable transmission bitrate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of gradually increasing the initial bitrate according to a preset bitrate increase rule includes: For every preset number of round-trip delays, the current initial bitrate is increased by a first preset multiple.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of gradually reducing the current initial bitrate according to the preset bitrate reduction rule includes: For every preset number of round-trip delays, the current initial bitrate is reduced by a second preset factor.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Multiply the current stable transmission code rate by a preset amplification factor to obtain the first detection code rate; The second probe rate is obtained by multiplying the current stable transmission rate by a preset reduction factor.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback information from the receiving end includes at least two of the following: throughput, round-trip time, and packet loss rate; The step of determining the first transmission quality assessment score based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate includes: The parameters contained in the feedback information from the receiving end are weighted to obtain the first transmission quality score.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The step of determining the bitrate adjustment parameters based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bitrate, includes: Obtain the first difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score; Obtain the first product between the current stable transmission rate and the first adjustment factor; The bitrate adjustment parameter is determined based on the ratio between the first difference and the first product.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The step of updating the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameter includes: Obtain the second product between the bitrate adjustment parameter and the second adjustment factor; The current stable transmission bitrate is updated based on the sum of the current stable transmission bitrate and the second product.

9. An adaptive bit rate adjustment device for real-time communication, characterized in that, include: The first determining module is used to transmit data at a first probe code rate higher than the current stable transmission code rate, and to determine a first transmission quality evaluation score based on the receiver feedback information at the first probe code rate. The second determining module is used to transmit data at a second probe code rate lower than the current stable transmission code rate, and to determine a second transmission quality evaluation score based on the receiver feedback information at the second probe code rate. The third determining module is used to determine the bit rate adjustment parameters based on the difference between the first transmission quality assessment score and the second transmission quality assessment score, combined with the current stable transmission bit rate. The bitrate update module is used to update the current stable transmission bitrate based on the bitrate adjustment parameters.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; as well as Memory for storing the executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute the adaptive bit rate adjustment method in real-time communication according to any one of claims 1 to 8 by executing the executable instructions.

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