A reduction device for use in the surgical treatment of comminuted fractures of the femur

Abstract

The application discloses a reduction device for femoral comminuted fracture surgery and belongs to the technical field of medical devices. The device comprises a guide rail, three sliding mechanisms are arranged on the guide rail, the bottom of the two side sliding mechanisms is connected with an electric control clamping mechanism through an extension mechanism, the electric control clamping mechanism is used for fixing the distal end and the proximal end of the fractured part, and the bottom of the middle sliding mechanism is connected with a component box. A roller is rotatably arranged in the component box through a bearing seat, gears are arranged at the two ends of the roller, a rope hook is arranged at the middle part of the roller, and the roller is connected with the shaft center of a take-up pulley outside the box. A rack meshing with the gears is arranged in the box, and the bottom end of the rack is connected with an arc-shaped pressing plate with a thermoplastic sheet. One end of a positioning rope is connected with the rope hook, the positioning rope is wound downwards through the pressing plate and then connected upwards to the component box. When the take-up pulley is rotated, the gears drive the rack to drive the pressing plate to press the bone downwards, and meanwhile, the roller drives the positioning rope to be synchronously wound and pulled. The application solves the pain points of uneven force of traditional reduction and complicated operation, and realizes accurate reduction and stable maintenance of the fractured part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to a device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures. Background Technology

[0002] A comminuted fracture of the femur is a relatively serious orthopedic injury, characterized by the fracture site breaking into three or more bone fragments, and the fracture line is often irregular. During clinical surgical reduction, the surgeon needs to use traction and manipulation to precisely move and maintain these scattered and misplaced bone fragments in their original anatomical positions to facilitate subsequent fixation with plates or intramedullary nails.

[0003] Currently, the reduction procedure in such surgeries mainly relies on manual traction by the surgeon and assistants, along with the use of conventional reduction forceps. This approach has several limitations in practice: First, the direction and force of manual traction are difficult to maintain consistently over extended periods, and the limited operating space makes it difficult to apply balanced alignment forces to multiple bone fragments simultaneously from multiple dimensions. Second, conventional reduction forceps typically clamp point-to-point or point-to-surface, which results in poor gripping stability for irregularly shaped comminuted bone fragments, making slippage easy; excessive local clamping pressure may also damage the bone cortex or even lead to further fragmentation of smaller bone fragments. Furthermore, after initial alignment, the surgeon typically needs to maintain the reduction posture while drilling and inserting screws. At this time, the reduction state is highly susceptible to slight shifts due to mechanical vibration or unstable grip. These shifts often require repeated confirmation and correction through multiple radiological imaging monitoring sessions, increasing the difficulty of the surgery, prolonging the patient's operation time, and also increasing the radiation exposure risk for both medical staff and patients. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures, which aims to solve the problems of uneven force during intraoperative reduction, complex operation, and difficulty in maintaining a stable reduction state.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures, comprising:

[0006] guide;

[0007] The sliding mechanism is provided in three parts, and each of the three sliding mechanisms can be slidably mounted on the guide rail and is equipped with a positioning structure;

[0008] The two-end fixing mechanism is installed at the bottom of the sliding mechanism located on both sides, including a telescopic mechanism and an electrically controlled clamping mechanism installed at the movable end of the telescopic mechanism;

[0009] The intermediate reset mechanism, installed at the bottom of the sliding mechanism located in the middle, includes a component box, a roller rotatably disposed in the component box via a bearing seat, a take-up reel connected to the axis of the roller, and a pair of racks and a pressure plate connected to the bottom end of the racks;

[0010] The roller has gears at both ends and a rope hook in the middle; the two racks mesh with the two gears respectively.

[0011] A positioning rope is connected to the rope hook. One end of the positioning rope is connected to the rope hook, and the other end goes down around the pressure plate and then up to the component box.

[0012] When the take-up reel rotates, the gear drives the rack to move the pressure plate up and down. Under the same driving action, the rope hook adjusts the size of the loop formed by the positioning rope.

[0013] Furthermore, the pressure plate has an arc-shaped sheet structure adapted to human bones, and a thermoplastic sheet is attached to the bottom of the pressure plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the roller has an hourglass-shaped structure that is thinner in the middle and thicker at both ends, which is used to guide the positioning rope to gather and wind up towards the middle of the roller.

[0015] Furthermore, two sets of guide posts are provided on the inner wall of the component box, and the two racks are slidably engaged with the guide posts respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, the component box is provided with a positioning post, and the end of the positioning rope away from the rope hook is fixed to the positioning post.

[0017] Furthermore, the sliding mechanism adopts a split assembly structure, and the positioning of the sliding mechanism on the guide rail is achieved by screwing the positioning handle.

[0018] Furthermore, the electronically controlled clamping mechanism has a pressure-sensing feedback function, which is used to remotely control and precisely adjust the clamping force.

[0019] Furthermore, both ends of the guide rail are provided with limit mechanisms to limit the sliding stroke of the sliding mechanism.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention achieves flexible adjustment of the position of the repositioning device in the horizontal and vertical directions by setting three independently sliding mechanisms on the guide rail and cooperating with the telescopic mechanism. By adjusting the position of the electrically controlled clamping mechanisms at both ends, reliable fixation of the distal and proximal bone fragments of the fracture is achieved.

[0022] 2. This invention achieves a bidirectional combined force effect under a single drive source through the mechanical linkage design of the take-up reel, gear, rack, and roller. By rotating the take-up reel, the gear and rack pair drives the pressure plate to move downward to generate a squeezing force, while the roller drives the positioning rope to tighten upward synchronously to generate a lifting force. The downward pressure of the pressure plate and the lifting force of the positioning rope form a radial combined force, which realizes the repositioning and alignment of bone fragments at the fracture site.

[0023] 3. By designing the roller as an hourglass-shaped structure that is thin in the middle and thick at both ends, the present invention enables the positioning rope to automatically gather towards the middle of the roller during the rope winding process, avoiding uneven tension or jamming caused by the ropes stacking together, and ensuring the stability of the force during the resetting process.

[0024] 4. This invention achieves precise fit between the pressure plate and the irregular bone surface by setting a thermoplastic sheet at the bottom of the pressure plate and utilizing the plasticity of thermoplastic materials under specific temperature conditions. By increasing the contact area, the stress is distributed, local pressure is reduced, and the risk of secondary damage to the bone cortex is reduced.

[0025] 5. This invention achieves stable reduction and support throughout the entire fracture process by using the positioning of the two-end electrically controlled clamping mechanisms in conjunction with the continuous tension maintenance of the middle reduction mechanism. This provides a stable environment for the doctor's drilling and internal fixation operations, reducing the physical exertion and human error caused by manual reduction maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of a reduction device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sliding mechanism and its lower telescopic mechanism and electronically controlled clamping mechanism in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the central reset component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the central reset component of the present invention from another perspective;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gear, roller, and take-up reel in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the rack, pressure plate and thermoplastic sheet in this invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Guide rail; 2. Sliding mechanism; 3. Telescopic mechanism; 4. Electrically controlled clamping mechanism; 5. Component box; 6. Bearing seat; 7. Roller; 8. Gear; 9. Rope hook; 10. Take-up reel; 11. Rack; 12. Guide post; 13. Pressure plate; 14. Thermoplastic sheet; 15. Positioning rope; 16. Positioning post. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] Reference Figures 1 to 6As shown in this embodiment, a reduction device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures requires the guide rail 1 to be installed directly above the bone along the length of the femur. Both ends of the guide rail 1 are fixed and supported by an external support system, and limiting blocks are provided at both ends of the guide rail 1 to prevent the sliding mechanism 2 from slipping. Three sliding mechanisms 2 are installed on the guide rail 1. The sliding mechanism 2 adopts a split assembly structure, with its upper and lower halves connected by bolts or quick-locking devices, facilitating installation and removal from any position on the guide rail 1 without sliding in from the end of the guide rail. A positioning handle is provided at the top of the sliding mechanism 2. By turning this handle, the friction block inside the sliding mechanism 2 can be pressed against the guide rail 1, thereby fixing the sliding mechanism 2 at any coordinate point along the length of the guide rail 1.

[0038] The sliding mechanisms 2 located on both sides of the guide rail 1 are connected to telescopic mechanisms 3 at their bottom. The telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms 3 face downwards, and their internal transmission can be achieved using an electric push rod or a precision lead screw to adjust the vertical height. An electrically controlled clamping mechanism 4 is installed at the end of the telescopic mechanism 3. The electrically controlled clamping mechanism 4 has a pair of relatively movable jaws, with anti-slip rubber pads on the inner side of the jaws. In use, by adjusting the horizontal position of the sliding mechanisms 2 on the guide rail 1 and the telescopic extension of the telescopic mechanism 3, the electrically controlled clamping mechanism 4 is aligned with the distal and proximal femoral main bone blocks to be fixed. The electrically controlled clamping mechanism 4 integrates a pressure sensor. When the jaws close and contact the bone, the sensor can provide real-time feedback on the clamping force data and maintain it within a preset safe pressure range to avoid compressive damage to the bone.

[0039] A component box 5 is fixed to the bottom of the sliding mechanism 2 located in the middle of the guide rail 1. (See reference) Figure 3 and Figure 5 The inner walls of the component box 5 are symmetrically fitted with bearing seats 6, which support the roller 7 and its shaft. One end of the roller 7's shaft extends out of the component box 5 and is fixedly connected to the take-up reel 10. The roller 7 has an hourglass shape, thinner in the middle and thicker at both ends. This geometric structure serves to guide the positioning rope 15 towards the central groove of the roller 7 as it winds around its surface, preventing the rope from overlapping or becoming tangled at the roller's edge. Gears 8 are coaxially fixed at both ends of the roller 7, and a rope hook 9 is radially protruding outward from the center of the roller 7 for attaching one end of the positioning rope 15.

[0040] Inside component box 5, two parallel racks 11 are vertically arranged. (Refer to...) Figure 4 and Figure 6The two racks 11 are engaged with the gears 8 at both ends of the roller 7. To guide the racks 11 to make smooth vertical linear movement, a guide post 12 is provided for each rack 11 in the component box 5. The rack 11 slides with the guide post 12 through a groove or bushing. The bottom end of the rack 11 passes through the bottom of the component box 5 and is connected to a pressure plate 13. The pressure plate 13 is processed into an arc-shaped sheet that conforms to the outer contour of the femur. A thermoplastic sheet 14 is attached to the concave side of the pressure plate 13 that contacts the bone. The thermoplastic sheet 14 is made of low-temperature thermoplastic material. During the operation, it is softened by soaking in warm saline or infrared heating before contacting the bone. After it cools naturally to body temperature, it will regain its hardness and precisely conform to the physiological shape of the femur at that location, so that the compressive force of the pressure plate 13 can be evenly distributed on the surface of the bone fragment.

[0041] The reset logic is implemented through the following principle: one end of the positioning rope 15 is attached to the rope hook 9 on the roller 7, and the other end is led downwards out of the component box 5, around the bottom of the free bone block and the pressure plate 13, and finally led upwards back to the component box 5 and fixed to the positioning post 16. When the operator rotates the take-up reel 10, the roller 7 rotates synchronously. The rotation of the roller 7 drives the gear 8 to move, causing the rack 11 to extend downwards and push the pressure plate 13 downwards to abut against the bone block. During this process, as the rope hook 9 rotates synchronously with the roller 7, the positioning rope 15 begins to wind and shorten on the hourglass surface of the roller 7. Because the downward displacement of the rack 11 and the length of the winding shortening of the positioning rope 15 are preset and matched in the mechanical transmission ratio, the loop formed by the positioning rope 15 tightens and pulls upwards while the pressure plate 13 moves downwards to apply pressure. The free bone fragments at the fracture site are constrained between the pressure plate 13 and the positioning rope 15 by the combined force of the downward pressure of the pressure plate 13 and the lifting force of the positioning rope 15, and are guided to the anatomical alignment line determined by the position of the guide rail 1 as the take-up reel 10 continues to rotate.

[0042] The surgical procedure is as follows: First, guide rail 1 is set up above the surgical site, and the two ends of the femoral shaft are securely clamped by sliding mechanism 2, telescopic mechanism 3, and electrically controlled clamping mechanism 4 on both sides. Then, positioning rope 15 is passed under the free fracture fragment and hooked onto the rope hook 9 of the middle mechanism. The take-up reel 10 is operated to observe the free bone fragment aligning with the main bone under the combined force of the pressure plate 13 and positioning rope 15. After reduction, the tension of the take-up reel 10 is maintained, and the entire fracture segment is locked by the synergistic action of the electrically controlled clamping mechanism 4 and pressure plate 13. The surgeon can then perform drilling and nailing operations. After internal fixation is completed, all clamping components are released and positioning rope 15 is removed to complete the operation.

[0043] In summary, this invention achieves multi-dimensional positioning of the surgical area through the guide rail 1 and its multiple moving mechanisms. By driving the synchronous operation of the gear rack pair and roller 7 via the take-up reel 10, the downward pressing motion of the pressure plate 13 and the lifting motion of the positioning rope 15 are mechanically linked under a single driving force, thereby applying a stable radial force to the fracture ends. Combined with the anatomically adaptable thermoplastic sheet 14, this device can effectively correct displacement caused by comminuted femoral fractures and provide stable mechanical support for subsequent internal fixation operations, reducing the labor intensity of the reduction process and improving the accuracy of fracture alignment.

[0044] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures, characterized in that, include: Guide rail (1); The sliding mechanism (2) is provided in three parts, and all three sliding mechanisms (2) can be slidably mounted on the guide rail (1) and equipped with a positioning structure; The two-end fixing mechanism is installed at the bottom of the sliding mechanism (2) located on both sides, including the telescopic mechanism (3) and the electrically controlled clamping mechanism (4) installed at the movable end of the telescopic mechanism (3). The intermediate reset mechanism is installed at the bottom of the sliding mechanism (2) located in the middle, including a component box (5), a roller (7) rotatably disposed in the component box (5) via a bearing seat (6), a take-up reel (10) connected to the axis of the roller (7), and a pair of racks (11) and a pressure plate (13) connected to the bottom end of the rack (11). The roller (7) is provided with gears (8) at both ends and a rope hook (9) in the middle; the two racks (11) mesh with the two gears (8) respectively; A positioning rope (15) is connected to the rope hook (9). One end of the positioning rope (15) is connected to the rope hook (9), and the other end goes down around the pressure plate (13) and then goes up to the component box (5). When the take-up reel (10) rotates, the gear (8) drives the rack (11) to move the pressure plate (13) up and down. Under the same driving action, the size of the loop formed by the positioning rope (15) is adjusted by the rope hook (9).

2. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure plate (13) has an arc-shaped sheet structure adapted to human bones, and a thermoplastic sheet (14) is attached to the bottom of the pressure plate (13).

3. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller (7) has an hourglass-shaped structure that is thin in the middle and thick at both ends, which is used to guide the positioning rope (15) to gather and wind up towards the middle of the roller (7).

4. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of guide posts (12) are provided on the inner wall of the component box (5), and the two racks (11) slide in cooperation with the guide posts (12) respectively.

5. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component box (5) is provided with a positioning post (16), and the end of the positioning rope (15) away from the rope hook (9) is fixed to the positioning post (16).

6. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding mechanism (2) adopts a split assembly structure, and the positioning of the sliding mechanism (2) on the guide rail (1) is achieved by screwing the positioning handle.

7. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrically controlled clamping mechanism (4) has a pressure sensing feedback function, which is used to remotely control and precisely adjust the clamping force.

8. The device for intraoperative reduction of comminuted femoral fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the guide rail (1) are provided with limit mechanisms to limit the sliding stroke of the sliding mechanism (2).

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