Radio frequency treatment head temperature sensing real-time warning system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of biosensor, and particularly relates to a radio frequency treatment head temperature sensing real-time early warning system. The system comprises a radio frequency energy generation module, a biocompatible integrated treatment head, a short pulse laser excitation unit, an ultrasonic transducer array, a complex impedance real-time monitoring module and a central cooperative processing system. The integrated treatment head is packaged with a radio frequency electrode, a light signal transmission end and an acoustic signal pickup probe; the laser excitation unit emits pulsed laser during the radio frequency intermittent period to induce temperature-related ultrasonic signals of the tissue; the transducer array captures the acoustic signals in real time; and the processing system inverses the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the tissue according to the ultrasonic signals and the complex impedance data and executes early warning in real time. The present application shortens the thermal feedback lag to the microsecond level by using the photoacoustic effect, eliminates the early warning delay risk, and realizes high-precision deep thermal field monitoring and active energy shaping through multi-modal data fusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biosensor technology, specifically relating to a real-time early warning system for temperature sensing of radiofrequency treatment heads. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of radiofrequency technology in clinical medicine and cosmetic treatments, inducing thermal effects in biological tissues through high-frequency electromagnetic waves has become a core method for promoting collagen regeneration and tissue remodeling. Radiofrequency treatment systems typically inject energy into target tissues using electrodes, achieving physical intervention on specific physiological structures by precisely controlling the distribution of heat in the dermis or subcutaneous fat layer. In maximizing treatment effectiveness, accurate monitoring and real-time control of the temperature at the treatment interface and in deep tissues are crucial for ensuring treatment safety and preventing irreversible thermal damage to tissues.

[0003] The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads is a core component for ensuring medical safety. Its basic principle is to use sensors integrated into the head to acquire real-time thermal parameters of the tissue interface and feed them back to the control module to dynamically adjust the radiofrequency power output. This system aims to establish an adaptive safety boundary, intervening in potential overheating risks in advance through preset thresholds to ensure that the treatment process remains within the ideal temperature range. With the increasing demands for precision and personalized treatment in clinical practice, achieving sensitive perception of the thermal field evolution process in complex tissue environments has become a core technological direction for improving the robustness of radiofrequency equipment.

[0004] Traditional radiofrequency (RF) early warning systems commonly suffer from sensing lag and warning uncertainty. Existing technologies often employ contact thermistors or infrared sensors, whose measurement logic relies on a relatively slow heat conduction process. This results in surface temperature data lagging significantly behind the instantaneous thermal effects of RF energy within the tissue, easily leading to logical misalignments where deep tissue thermal damage has occurred before the surface temperature reaches the required level. Traditional systems lack compensation for tissue heterogeneity; differences in impedance and water content among individuals and locations result in complex nonlinear thermal field distributions. Single-dimensional static threshold monitoring cannot eliminate false alarms or missed alarms caused by impedance fluctuations. Existing solutions overly rely on point-based physical contact, failing to infer the three-dimensional spatial temperature gradient beneath the treatment interface in real time. This creates an irreconcilable technical challenge between ensuring absolute safety and pursuing treatment efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads, which can solve the problems of sensing lag, safety hazards caused by thermal inertia, and inaccurate early warning caused by tissue heterogeneity in the radiofrequency energy action process mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads includes a radiofrequency energy generation module, a biocompatible integrated treatment head, a short-pulse laser excitation unit, an ultrasonic transducer array, a complex impedance real-time monitoring module, and a central collaborative processing system, as follows:

[0008] The biocompatible integrated treatment head is used to contact the target tissue. It encapsulates a radio frequency electrode that performs energy output, and integrates an optical signal transmission end and an acoustic signal pickup probe at a predetermined geometric position of the radio frequency electrode.

[0009] The short-pulse laser excitation unit is used to emit a laser of a predetermined pulse width to the target tissue through the optical signal transmission terminal during the interval of radio frequency energy emission, so that the target tissue absorbs the laser energy and generates instantaneous thermoelastic expansion and radiates ultrasonic signals outward.

[0010] The ultrasonic transducer array is disposed around the periphery of the radio frequency electrode to capture ultrasonic signals radiated by the tissue in real time and convert acoustic parameters into electrical parameters.

[0011] The complex impedance real-time monitoring module is electrically connected to the radio frequency electrode and is used to acquire the resistive and capacitive reactance components of the target tissue in real time during the energy injection process.

[0012] The central collaborative processing system is communicatively connected to the short-pulse laser excitation unit, the ultrasonic transducer array, and the complex impedance real-time monitoring module, respectively. It is used to invert the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the target tissue in real time based on the received ultrasonic signals and complex impedance data, and to perform early warning judgment based on the changing trend of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution and complex impedance.

[0013] Preferably, the biocompatible integrated treatment head uses medical-grade ceramic material as the shell, and the radio frequency electrode, the optical signal transmission end and the ultrasonic transducer array are fixed to the distal interface of the shell by a biocompatible adhesive to ensure that the contact surfaces of each component and the target tissue are on the same horizontal plane to achieve gapless coupling of signals.

[0014] Furthermore, the short-pulse laser excitation unit is configured to emit pulsed laser with a specific wavelength during the microsecond-level idle period of the radio frequency energy output. This wavelength matches the absorption peak of the chromophore in the target tissue to maximize the conversion efficiency of the photoacoustic signal.

[0015] Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer array includes multiple piezoelectric sensor units arranged in a ring or matrix. Each sensor unit independently collects ultrasonic echoes from different spatial locations. The central collaborative processing system constructs a three-dimensional thermal gradient map of the target tissue, including the surface, middle and deep layers, based on the order and amplitude of the signals received by each sensor unit and through time difference positioning and sound field reconstruction logic.

[0016] Furthermore, the central collaborative processing system integrates a cross-modal data alignment function, which synchronously samples the temperature values ​​in the three-dimensional thermal gradient map with the impedance data obtained by the complex impedance real-time monitoring module, and establishes an impedance dynamic baseline based on real-time temperature calibration.

[0017] Furthermore, the central collaborative processing system executes an adaptive early warning logic. When the complex impedance real-time monitoring module detects that the impedance drop rate exceeds a preset slope threshold, and the three-dimensional thermal field gradient map shows that the temperature rise rate of deep tissue exceeds a preset change threshold, the central collaborative processing system immediately sends a cutoff signal to the radio frequency energy generation module.

[0018] Furthermore, the system also includes an active energy shaping subsystem. This subsystem predicts the heat evolution trend within a predetermined time period based on the current three-dimensional temperature field distribution and the thermal diffusion dynamics model, and adjusts the output power, duty cycle, and waveform parameters of the radio frequency energy generation module in real time accordingly, so that the temperature of the target area is maintained within the preset ideal treatment temperature range.

[0019] Furthermore, the central collaborative processing system utilizes the high linear correlation between the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal and the local temperature of the tissue to correct impedance measurement deviations caused by differences in tissue water content and fat thickness in real time, and establishes personalized safety boundary models for different treatment sites of different patients.

[0020] Furthermore, before the ultrasonic signals sensed by the ultrasonic transducer array are transmitted to the central collaborative processing system, they undergo pre-amplification circuitry and high-order bandpass filtering to eliminate electrical performance interference caused by the radio frequency electromagnetic environment and ensure the purity of temperature evolution data.

[0021] Furthermore, the biocompatible integrated treatment head also integrates a cooling circulation pipeline. Under the control of the central collaborative processing system, the cooling circulation pipeline dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium according to the real-time value of the surface temperature in the three-dimensional thermal field gradient map, so as to protect the surface tissue from damage while maintaining the deep thermal effect.

[0022] Furthermore, the pulse width output by the short-pulse laser excitation unit is limited to a preset pressure relaxation time and thermal relaxation time to ensure that the heat generated by the laser energy is completely converted into acoustic energy without generating additional local heat accumulation.

[0023] Furthermore, the central collaborative processing system is equipped with a machine learning calibration function, which automatically optimizes the energy control strategy for specific skin types by comparing the thermal field evolution data during historical treatment processes with the current impedance feedback, and updates the sensitivity parameters for early warning triggering in real time.

[0024] Furthermore, the complex impedance real-time monitoring module adopts multi-band detection technology, which collects impedance information at multiple preset frequency points, analyzes the impedance characteristics of the tissue at different depths, and introduces them as an auxiliary dimension into the accuracy compensation of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution.

[0025] Furthermore, a hard-wired synchronous trigger interface is provided between the radio frequency energy generation module and the short-pulse laser excitation unit to ensure that the emission time window of the laser pulse is aligned with the pulse gap of the radio frequency energy, thereby avoiding induced noise interference to the photoacoustic detection system caused by the large radio frequency current.

[0026] Furthermore, the system also includes a human-computer interaction display unit, which is used to present a dynamic three-dimensional temperature color cloud map generated by the central collaborative processing system in real time, and to graphically indicate the spatial coordinate position of the current highest temperature point of the thermal field relative to the treatment head electrode.

[0027] Furthermore, the construction logic of the three-dimensional thermal gradient map includes compensation using the offset of sound speed in different temperature media, and the central collaborative processing system dynamically corrects the propagation path time of the sound signal in the tissue according to the preset sound speed temperature response function.

[0028] Furthermore, the central collaborative processing system is equipped with a feature recognition function for nonlinear impedance fluctuations caused by the vaporization of moisture inside the tissue. When such features are recognized and the actual temperature displayed by the photoacoustic signal has not reached the preset cutting threshold, the system automatically increases the temporary impedance warning parameter to prevent treatment interruption caused by non-invasive fluctuations.

[0029] Furthermore, the contact surface of the biocompatible integrated treatment head is coated with an extremely thin acoustic matching layer material. The acoustic impedance value of this material is between that of the ultrasonic transducer array and the biological tissue, which is used to reduce the reflection loss of sound waves at the interface.

[0030] Furthermore, the radio frequency electrode is divided into multiple independently controlled microelectrode units. The central collaborative processing system independently adjusts the energy output intensity of each microelectrode unit according to the uniformity of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, thereby achieving spatial equilibrium control of the thermal field in the treatment area.

[0031] Furthermore, when the active energy shaping subsystem predicts that deep tissues may exceed the safety threshold within a predetermined time in the future, it can move the heat concentration area to the shallow layer or disperse the heat density by changing the flow phase of the radio frequency current.

[0032] Furthermore, the system performs a tissue baseline parameter scan during the initialization phase by emitting a series of low-energy laser pulses to obtain the initial acoustic impedance and initial thermoelastic parameters of the treatment site, which are then used as a normalized reference for subsequent real-time monitoring.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. This invention introduces a sensing mechanism based on photoacoustic effect, using short-pulse laser to induce tissue to generate ultrasonic signals that are highly correlated with temperature. Since the propagation speed of sound waves in tissue is much faster than the speed of heat conduction, the risk of early warning delay caused by thermal inertia is eliminated, achieving true zero-delay safety monitoring.

[0035] 2. By constructing a three-dimensional thermal gradient map, this invention breaks through the limitation of traditional sensors that can only obtain the average temperature of a single point or the surface layer. This allows the system to see in real time the dynamic accumulation and distribution of heat in the surface, middle and deep tissues of the skin, preventing burns or necrosis caused by the hidden accumulation of heat in deep tissues.

[0036] 3. This invention achieves deep fusion and cross-calibration of complex impedance data and photoacoustic thermal field data. Utilizing the real temperature field provided by photoacoustic technology as a physical benchmark, the impedance-based monitoring algorithm is dynamically corrected, resolving the uncertainty in early warning caused by tissue heterogeneity in different patients and locations, and reducing the system's false alarm and false negative rates.

[0037] 4. This invention upgrades the traditional passive over-temperature alarm to active energy shaping control. By predicting temperature evolution within a future time window using a thermal diffusion kinetic model, the system can fine-tune the parameters of the radiofrequency pulse in real time, ensuring that the treatment interface remains stable within the ideal collagen denaturation temperature range. This maximizes the effectiveness of clinical treatment while ensuring absolute safety.

[0038] 5. The integrated structural design of this invention perfectly integrates optical, acoustic and electrical components into the medical ceramic treatment head, which meets the high integration requirements of medical scenarios. Furthermore, through multi-band monitoring and intelligent calibration functions, it improves the robustness and adaptability of the device in complex operating environments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall technical solution architecture of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the core principle framework for constructing a three-dimensional thermal field gradient map based on the photoacoustic effect in this invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a logical flowchart of the cross-modal data alignment and complex impedance dynamic reference calibration in this invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-level interaction relationship and data flow between the central collaborative processing system and the active energy shaping subsystem in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Example 1: Please refer to the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 The radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing real-time early warning system includes a radiofrequency energy generation module, a biocompatible integrated treatment head, a short-pulse laser excitation unit, an ultrasonic transducer array, a complex impedance real-time monitoring module, a central collaborative processing system, an active energy shaping subsystem, and a human-machine interaction display unit.

[0044] The biocompatible integrated treatment head is used to contact the target tissue. It internally encapsulates a radio frequency electrode for energy output, and integrates an optical signal transmission terminal and an acoustic signal pickup probe at predetermined geometric positions on the radio frequency electrode. The biocompatible integrated treatment head uses medical-grade ceramic material as its shell. The radio frequency electrode, the optical signal transmission terminal, and the ultrasonic transducer array are fixed to the distal interface of the shell using a biocompatible adhesive, ensuring that the contact surfaces of each component with the target tissue are on the same horizontal plane to achieve gapless signal coupling. The biocompatible integrated treatment head also integrates a cooling circulation pipeline. Under the control of a central collaborative processing system, the cooling circulation pipeline dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium based on the real-time value of the surface temperature in the three-dimensional thermal field gradient diagram, to protect the surface tissue from damage while maintaining deep thermal effects. The contact surface of the biocompatible integrated treatment head is coated with an extremely thin acoustic matching layer material. The acoustic impedance value of this material is between that of the ultrasonic transducer array and the biological tissue, used to reduce sound wave reflection loss at the interface.

[0045] The short-pulse laser excitation unit is used to emit a laser with a predetermined pulse width to the target tissue through the optical signal transmission terminal during the interval of radio frequency energy emission. This causes the target tissue to absorb the laser energy, resulting in instantaneous thermoelastic expansion and the outward radiation of ultrasonic signals. The short-pulse laser excitation unit is configured to emit pulsed lasers with a specific wavelength during the microsecond-level idle period of radio frequency energy output. This wavelength matches the absorption peak of the chromophores in the target tissue to maximize the conversion efficiency of the photoacoustic signal. The pulse width output by the short-pulse laser excitation unit is limited to a preset pressure relaxation time and thermal relaxation time to ensure that the heat generated by the laser energy is completely converted into acoustic energy without generating additional local heat accumulation. A hard-wired synchronous trigger interface is provided between the radio frequency energy generation module and the short-pulse laser excitation unit to ensure that the emission time window of the laser pulse is strictly aligned with the pulse gap of the radio frequency energy, avoiding induced noise interference from the high radio frequency current to the photoacoustic detection system.

[0046] The ultrasonic transducer array is configured around the periphery of the radio frequency electrode to capture ultrasonic signals radiated by the tissue in real time and convert acoustic parameters into electrical parameters. The ultrasonic transducer array includes multiple piezoelectric sensor units arranged in a ring or matrix, each sensor unit independently acquiring ultrasonic echoes from different spatial locations. Before being transmitted to the central collaborative processing system, the ultrasonic signals sensed by the ultrasonic transducer array undergo pre-amplification circuitry and high-order bandpass filtering to eliminate electrical performance interference generated by the radio frequency electromagnetic environment and ensure the purity of temperature evolution data.

[0047] The complex impedance real-time monitoring module is electrically connected to the radio frequency electrode and is used to acquire the resistance and capacitive reactance components of the target tissue in real time during the energy injection process. The complex impedance real-time monitoring module adopts multi-band detection technology, collects impedance information at multiple preset frequency points, analyzes the impedance characteristics of the tissue at different depths, and introduces them as an auxiliary dimension into the accuracy compensation of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution.

[0048] The central collaborative processing system is communicatively connected to the short-pulse laser excitation unit, the ultrasonic transducer array, and the complex impedance real-time monitoring module, respectively. It is used to invert the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the target tissue in real time based on the received ultrasonic signals and complex impedance data, and to perform early warning judgment based on the changing trend of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution and complex impedance.

[0049] The central collaborative processing system integrates a cross-modal data alignment function, which synchronously samples the temperature values ​​in the three-dimensional thermal gradient map with the impedance data acquired by the complex impedance real-time monitoring module, and establishes an impedance dynamic baseline based on real-time temperature calibration. The central collaborative processing system executes an adaptive early warning logic: when the complex impedance real-time monitoring module detects that the impedance decrease rate exceeds a preset slope threshold, and the three-dimensional thermal gradient map shows that the temperature rise rate of deep tissue exceeds a preset change threshold, the central collaborative processing system immediately sends a cutoff signal to the radio frequency energy generation module. The central collaborative processing system utilizes the high linear correlation between the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal and the local tissue temperature to correct impedance measurement deviations caused by differences in tissue water content and fat thickness in real time, establishing personalized safety boundary models for different treatment sites of different patients. The central collaborative processing system is equipped with a machine learning calibration function, which automatically optimizes the energy control strategy for specific skin types by comparing historical thermal field evolution data with current impedance feedback, and updates the sensitivity parameters for early warning triggering in real time.

[0050] The central collaborative processing system constructs a three-dimensional thermal gradient map of the target tissue, including the surface, middle, and deep layers, based on the order and amplitude of signals received by each sensor unit, using time-difference positioning and sound field reconstruction logic. The construction logic of the three-dimensional thermal gradient map includes compensation using the offset of sound velocity in different temperature media. The central collaborative processing system dynamically corrects the propagation time of the sound signal in the tissue according to a preset sound velocity-temperature response function. The central collaborative processing system is equipped with a feature recognition function for nonlinear impedance fluctuations caused by the vaporization of moisture inside the tissue. When such features are recognized and the actual temperature displayed by the photoacoustic signal has not reached the preset cutting threshold, the system automatically increases the temporary impedance warning parameter to prevent treatment interruption caused by non-invasive fluctuations.

[0051] The active energy shaping subsystem predicts the heat evolution trend within a predetermined time period based on the current three-dimensional temperature field distribution and thermal diffusion dynamics model, and adjusts the output power, duty cycle, and waveform parameters of the radio frequency energy generation module in real time accordingly to maintain the temperature of the target area within a preset ideal treatment temperature range. The radio frequency electrode is divided into multiple independently controlled microelectrode units. The central collaborative processing system independently adjusts the energy output intensity of each microelectrode unit based on the uniformity of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution to achieve spatial balance control of the thermal field in the treatment area. When the active energy shaping subsystem predicts that deep tissue may exceed the safety threshold within a predetermined time period, it moves the heat concentration area to the shallow layer by changing the flow phase of the radio frequency current or disperses the heat density by frequency modulation.

[0052] The system performs a tissue baseline parameter scan during the initialization phase by emitting a series of low-energy laser pulses to obtain the initial acoustic impedance and initial thermoelastic parameters of the treatment site, and uses these as a normalized reference for subsequent real-time monitoring.

[0053] The human-computer interaction display unit is used to present a dynamic three-dimensional temperature color cloud map generated by the central collaborative processing system in real time, and to graphically indicate the spatial coordinate position of the current highest temperature point of the thermal field relative to the treatment head electrode.

[0054] The biocompatible integrated treatment head, serving as the end effector and sensing core of this system, employs a special encapsulation process. The medical-grade ceramic shell possesses extremely high insulation strength and excellent chemical stability, capable of withstanding the electromagnetic pressure generated during high-power radio frequency output. On the treatment end face of the shell, the radio frequency electrode is processed into a conductive layer with a specific topology, such as a metal film layer prepared by physical vapor deposition, with its surface roughness controlled at the nanometer level to reduce thermal resistance and electrical contact impedance upon skin contact. The optical signal transmission end is precisely positioned at the center of the gap between the radio frequency electrodes via high-precision micro-holes, while the acoustic signal pickup probes are arranged equiangularly around the outside of the radio frequency electrodes. This spatial arrangement ensures that the laser-excited area is precisely within the optimal sensing field of the ultrasonic transducer array, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of signal acquisition.

[0055] The short-pulse laser excitation unit includes a high-repetition-rate picosecond laser and its associated drive control circuit at the hardware level. The drive control circuit integrates a precision timer, whose clock source shares the same high-stability crystal oscillator as the main control clock of the radio frequency energy generation module. When the radio frequency energy generation module stops its current radio frequency pulse output, the precision timer generates a nanosecond-level trigger signal, driving the picosecond laser to emit a laser pulse of a predetermined energy density. The specific wavelength is typically selected in the near-infrared band of 700 to 1100 nanometers. This band is within the optical window of biological tissue and can penetrate to a depth of several millimeters under the skin. After the hemoglobin or water inside the tissue absorbs this photon energy, the resulting localized temperature rise due to the extremely short energy injection time triggers a minute volume expansion. The mechanical wave generated by this expansion is the photoacoustic signal, which carries precise original thermal information from within the tissue.

[0056] Upon receiving the mechanical wave, the ultrasonic transducer array converts it into an electrical signal using the piezoelectric effect. In this embodiment, each piezoelectric sensor unit is connected to an independent pre-amplifier channel with input impedance and adjustable gain, capable of capturing weak acoustic signals at the microvolt level. The pre-amplified signal then enters the high-order bandpass filter circuit, with its center frequency set near the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer, typically between 1 MHz and 10 MHz, filtering out harmonic interference from the radio frequency operating frequency.

[0057] The complex impedance real-time monitoring module includes a high-speed vector impedance analysis unit. During radio frequency energy output, this unit acquires the instantaneous current and voltage waveforms of the radio frequency electrodes in real time using a high-precision current transformer and voltage sampling circuit. A hardware-implemented digital signal processor performs a fast Fourier transform on these waveforms to analyze the resistive and capacitive reactance components. Since the mobility of water ions changes after tissue heating, leading to a decrease in resistivity, and the denaturation of collagen fibers causes a shift in capacitance characteristics, the system can distinguish different levels and types of tissue responses using the multi-band detection technology, providing rich feature vectors for subsequent fusion judgment.

[0058] The central collaborative processing system is the nerve center of the entire early warning system. Its internally stored sound field reconstruction algorithm employs a variant based on temporal synthetic aperture focusing technology, combining the aforementioned time-difference localization and sound field reconstruction logic. The system calculates the starting point of the signal received by each ultrasonic sensor unit and, combined with the sound velocity model in the tissue, calculates the physical source coordinates of the photoacoustic signal using a back-projection algorithm. Since the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal is proportional to the initial stress of the tissue, and the initial stress is proportional to the change in local temperature, the central collaborative processing system uses a preset linear transformation function to convert the signal intensity at each point in space into corresponding temperature gradient values, constructing a complete three-dimensional thermal field gradient map.

[0059] The cross-modal data alignment function is achieved through a shared timestamp allocator. At the instant the laser pulse is excited, the system records a reference timestamp, and all ultrasonic data acquired within that timestamp, along with impedance data immediately before and after that timestamp, are marked with this timestamp. During backend processing, the system uses an interpolation algorithm to precisely align the asynchronously acquired impedance data with the synchronously acquired thermal field data on the time axis. The impedance dynamic baseline based on real-time temperature calibration refers to the system establishing an impedance-temperature characteristic curve based on the true absolute temperature measured using photoacoustic technology. When the system detects a decrease in impedance, it consults this characteristic curve. If the impedance decrease exceeds the normal fluctuation range expected at the corresponding temperature, the system determines that an abnormal change has occurred in the current tissue state, such as excessive dehydration or carbonization.

[0060] The adaptive early warning logic further enhances the system's safety. In practice, the early warning decision relies not only on the absolute value of the temperature but also on the rate of temperature change over time. If the rate of temperature rise in deep tissue exceeds a preset threshold, indicating heat accumulation in the area, the system will execute a cutoff operation even if the current absolute temperature has not yet reached the burn threshold. This advance prediction is crucial for eliminating thermal inertia in radiofrequency treatment, as heat can continue to diffuse within the tissue for a period of time after the radiofrequency energy stops.

[0061] The active energy shaping subsystem is key to achieving intelligent treatment. It integrates a dynamic control loop that uses the thermal field distribution output by the central collaborative processing system as feedback. The thermal diffusion kinetics model, based on a discretized form of the Pence biothermal equation, can calculate the temperature field distribution within the next 100 milliseconds based on the current energy injection power and heat dissipation environment. If the prediction indicates that the future temperature will deviate from the ideal treatment range, the subsystem will calculate a set of correction parameters in real time. For example, by reducing the duty cycle of the radiofrequency pulse to lower the average power input, or by adjusting waveform parameters to change the penetration depth of the current in the tissue, fine-tuning of the thermal field can be achieved.

[0062] The machine learning calibration function employs a deep reinforcement learning-based model. This model is pre-trained offline using extensive clinical trial data, learning the common patterns of thermal field evolution under different skin types and fat thicknesses. During online treatment, the model loads the corresponding parameter set based on the current initial parameter scan results. As treatment progresses, the model continuously fine-tunes the weights within the neural network based on real-time feedback data, enabling the warning threshold to automatically adapt to the patient's current physiological characteristics and improving the system's robustness in heterogeneous tissue environments.

[0063] The hard-wired synchronization trigger interface adopts the LVDS low-voltage differential signal transmission standard, which has anti-interference capabilities. The existence of this interface enables the control board of the RF energy generation module to direct the short-pulse laser excitation unit, ensuring that the synchronization error between the two is controlled at the nanosecond level. This extreme synchronization precision guarantees that the excitation of the photoacoustic signal always occurs during the RF off-peak period when electromagnetic noise is at its purest.

[0064] During the system initialization phase, the tissue baseline parameter scanning is achieved by emitting several sets of probe pulses with increasing energy. The system measures the tissue's sound velocity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and reference impedance in the initial state. These parameters serve as a normalization reference and are used in all subsequent calculations, eliminating systematic errors caused by the equipment itself and ambient temperature.

[0065] The human-computer interaction display unit uses a high-resolution touch screen, whose dynamic three-dimensional temperature color cloud map can be updated in real time at a rate of more than 30 frames per second. Doctors can observe the energy penetration process in subcutaneous tissue through the screen, with a sharp contrast between the red high-temperature zone and the blue normal-temperature zone. When the system detects that the highest temperature point is approaching the safety boundary, the coordinate position will be marked on the screen as a flashing icon, accompanied by an audible alarm, prompting the operator to adjust the treatment technique or reduce the power setting.

[0066] The microelectrode unit design of the biocompatible integrated treatment head allows the system to achieve localized energy distribution. For example, when a three-dimensional thermal gradient map shows that the temperature on the left side of the treatment area is lower than that on the right side, the central co-processing system will instruct the energy shaping subsystem to independently increase the output power of the microelectrodes in the corresponding left area and decrease the output power in the right area, thereby achieving uniform treatment at the microscopic level.

[0067] The control logic of the cooling circulation pipeline employs a PID control algorithm. The flow rate of the cooling medium (such as deionized water or refrigerant) is controlled in a closed loop based on the actual sensed temperature of the surface tissue. When the photoacoustic sensing module detects that the skin surface temperature is rising too rapidly, the water pump speed immediately increases to enhance heat exchange efficiency; conversely, when the deeper tissues require a sustained thermal effect, the flow rate is appropriately reduced. This combined internal and external temperature control strategy stimulates the regenerative potential of deep collagen tissue while ensuring the absolute safety of the surface skin.

[0068] Example 2: This example describes a real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads based on a distributed sensing architecture, aiming to further improve sensing accuracy and system response speed in large-area treatment scenarios. The system architecture of this example retains the core components of Example 1, but optimizes for large-scale sensor integration and high-speed parallel data processing.

[0069] The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads includes: a multimodal integrated treatment array, a distributed laser drive matrix, a high-speed parallel ultrasound acquisition module, a full-frequency dynamic impedance scanning unit, and a high-performance edge computing processing platform.

[0070] The multimodal integrated treatment array includes multiple treatment units arranged in a preset honeycomb pattern. Each treatment unit independently integrates a micro radiofrequency electrode, a multimodal fiber optic probe, and a high-frequency micro ultrasonic transducer. The surface of the treatment unit is covered with a flexible biocompatible film with excellent conductivity and sound transmission properties, which can adapt to the skin curvature of different parts of the body and achieve seamless fit.

[0071] The distributed laser driving matrix consists of multiple independent semiconductor laser diodes, each laser diode being coupled to the corresponding treatment unit through the multimode fiber probe; the driving matrix is ​​configured to execute time-division multiplexing excitation logic, that is, within the same radio frequency interval, laser pulses at different positions are excited in turn according to a predetermined spatial sequence, so as to avoid multiple sound sources generating wave field interference inside the tissue and improve the clarity of the reconstructed image;

[0072] The high-speed parallel ultrasonic acquisition module includes a multi-channel synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter, with each channel having a sampling frequency of no less than 100 MHz, ensuring complete recording of the extremely high-frequency transient details of the photoacoustic signal; the acquisition module integrates a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to perform preliminary data preprocessing, including digital filtering, envelope detection, and data compression, to reduce the transmission pressure on the back-end processing platform.

[0073] The full-frequency dynamic impedance scanning unit is configured to perform rapid frequency scanning in the radio frequency operating band and its upper and lower auxiliary frequency bands to obtain the complex impedance spectrum of the target tissue. The unit uses the slope change characteristics of the impedance spectrum to identify structural evolution inside the tissue, such as changes in cell membrane permeability or redistribution of interstitial fluid, and inputs this information as an independent dimension into the early warning judgment model.

[0074] The high-performance edge computing processing platform is the core of the system's logical decision-making. It adopts a heterogeneous computing architecture, including a multi-core central processing unit and a general-purpose graphics processing unit. The processing platform integrates a distributed three-dimensional thermal field reconstruction engine, which uses concurrent data streams collected by multiple ultrasonic transducers to perform fast image reconstruction based on compressed sensing algorithms. The processing platform also executes a multi-dimensional fusion security assessment logic, which comprehensively considers the spatial distribution of the photoacoustic thermal field, the evolution trend of the impedance spectrum, and the cumulative thermal dose of the radio frequency output power.

[0075] Furthermore, the processing platform internally stores a tissue damage prediction model based on deep learning. This model can calculate the probability of irreversible tissue damage under the current thermal field distribution based on the current real-time data. When the probability value exceeds the set first warning threshold, the system triggers visual and auditory prompts. When the probability value exceeds the set second shutdown threshold, the system immediately shuts down all radio frequency outputs through a hard-connected interlocking circuit.

[0076] Each treatment unit in the multimodal integrated treatment array is also equipped with an independent temperature-sensitive fluorescent coating as a redundant backup for photoacoustic sensing. During the intervals between laser pulses, the multimodal fiber probe is also used to collect the temperature-sensitive fluorescence signal fed back by the fluorescent coating. The central collaborative processing system obtains the contact temperature of the treatment head surface by analyzing the changes in fluorescence lifetime, thus realizing a dual optical temperature control mechanism of deep photoacoustic sensing and surface fluorescence monitoring.

[0077] The energy of each laser pulse output by the distributed laser drive matrix can be independently adjusted. The central collaborative processing system automatically adjusts the excitation energy of different regions based on the real-time photoacoustic feedback signal intensity to compensate for the differences in light attenuation caused by uneven distribution of tissue pigments, ensuring consistent temperature measurement accuracy across the entire field.

[0078] The high-performance edge computing platform also features self-diagnosis and health management capabilities. Before each treatment, the system automatically sends a set of standard test electrical and optical signals to each treatment unit to monitor the sensor response parameters. If a unit's sensitivity decreases or it becomes damaged, the system automatically disables the faulty unit in the control algorithm and uses data from surrounding healthy units for interpolation compensation. The system also prompts the operator on the interface to replace consumables, ensuring system reliability.

[0079] The distributed three-dimensional thermal field reconstruction engine considers the non-uniform distribution of tissue sound velocity during processing. The processing platform performs non-linear corrections on the sound signal transmission paths at different depths based on pre-established anatomical models (such as typical distributions of skin, fat, and muscle layers). This correction method, which considers tissue heterogeneity, reduces the error in locating deep hotspots, providing greater accuracy for clinical treatment.

[0080] The high-performance edge computing platform also integrates a treatment planning assistance module. This module automatically recommends initial radiofrequency parameter combinations based on the patient's medical history, skin type, and treatment goals. During treatment, the module continuously tracks the accumulation of heat dose and fine-tunes the treatment path in real time according to the actual heat field distribution, ensuring uniform energy coverage of the target area and avoiding missed or overtreated areas.

[0081] The multi-dimensional integrated safety assessment logic also incorporates the identification of operator techniques when determining the warning status. The system analyzes the stability of impedance changes and the stability of thermal field reconstruction to identify whether the treatment head has been accidentally displaced or suspended. If an abnormal signal caused by improper operation is detected, the system will temporarily block power output and issue a voice correction prompt; treatment can only continue after contact is restored to normal.

[0082] The distributed architecture enables system scalability. Depending on different treatment needs, integrated treatment heads with different numbers and arrangements of units can be replaced without requiring large-scale hardware modifications to the backend processing platform. All driving logic and algorithm models are rapidly configured through a software-defined development model, adapting to the rapid iteration needs of medical devices.

[0083] The system in this embodiment also includes a cloud data synchronization interface, which can encrypt and upload the thermal field evolution data of each treatment to a medical big data platform. Through offline analysis of massive amounts of clinical data, the system can continuously optimize its internal damage prediction model and treatment recommendation strategy, achieving continuous self-evolution of equipment performance.

[0084] The advantage of this embodiment lies in solving the monitoring blind spot problem in large-area radiofrequency ablation through the combination of massively parallel sensing and edge computing. The introduction of multimodal probes and distributed drive enables the system to maintain extremely high sensing resolution and millisecond-level response speed even in extremely complex tissue environments. Redundant fluorescence temperature control design and interlocking circuits provide multiple technical safeguards for medical safety.

[0085] Example 3: This example focuses on describing a real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for a radiofrequency treatment head integrating adaptive microwave-assisted sensing enhancement. In this example, the system further enhances the sensing sensitivity of deep tissue water content and phase transition processes by introducing an auxiliary weak microwave detection beam, thus supplementing the photoacoustic-impedance dual-mode monitoring scheme.

[0086] The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads includes: an integrated radiofrequency-microwave composite treatment head, a short-pulse laser excitation unit, a broadband ultrasound sensor array, a complex impedance monitoring unit, a microwave scattering parameter analysis unit, and a collaborative central controller;

[0087] The integrated radio frequency-microwave composite treatment head includes a main radio frequency electrode and a micro microwave antenna array; the micro microwave antenna array is configured at the edge of the main radio frequency electrode to emit low-energy continuous wave or pulsed microwave detection signals into the tissue and receive scattered signals from deep tissue layers.

[0088] The microwave scattering parameter analysis unit is connected to the micro microwave antenna array and is used to acquire the scattering matrix parameters of the target tissue in real time. Since the complex permittivity of the tissue will shift with the motion state of water molecules and the denaturation of collagen during the heating process, the analysis unit extracts the characteristic information of the deep water content distribution and phase transition trend of the tissue by monitoring the changes in scattering parameters.

[0089] The collaborative central controller receives photoacoustic thermal field data from the ultrasonic sensor array, electrical data from the complex impedance monitoring unit, and dielectric property data from the microwave scattering parameter analysis unit. The controller executes a deep sensing strategy based on multi-source information fusion, using the deep medium change information provided by microwave sensing to dynamically correct the sound velocity model in photoacoustic imaging.

[0090] Furthermore, the collaborative central controller integrates an enhancement module for the thermal field three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm. This module uses microwave scattering data to pre-identify the deep boundaries of the tissue and uses this as a constraint to optimize the inversion logic of the photoacoustic signal, enabling the system to cross the physical interface between the skin and subcutaneous fat and achieve accurate thermal mapping of deep tissues.

[0091] The system also includes an adaptive impedance compensation circuit; this circuit adjusts the warning threshold of the complex impedance monitoring unit in real time based on the local tissue wetness inferred from the microwave scattering parameters; for example, when the microwave signal shows that the tissue has local dehydration and the impedance has increased abnormally, the compensation circuit will automatically increase the tolerance of the impedance warning and instruct the laser excitation unit to increase the sampling frequency, using photoacoustic thermal field data as the main decision basis to avoid false alarms caused by drastic impedance fluctuations.

[0092] The collaborative central controller is also configured to execute a predictive energy shaping logic that combines information on tissue thermal evolution potential obtained from microwave sensing to predict whether deep tissues will undergo irreversible dielectric breakdown or excessive vaporization in a short period of time at the current energy injection rate, and adjusts the duty cycle of the radio frequency pulse accordingly.

[0093] The microwave scattering parameter analysis unit employs zero-difference detection technology, which can acquire minute shifts in the scattering signal with high phase resolution. This technology is highly sensitive to detecting early signs of minute water vaporization within tissues, and can detect potential risks of tissue burns earlier than impedance monitoring.

[0094] The collaborative central controller adopts a three-layer fusion architecture. The bottom layer is the data alignment and cleaning layer, which is responsible for time synchronization and normalization of three signals with different frequencies and physical properties; the middle layer is the feature extraction and physical quantity inversion layer, which generates three-dimensional temperature maps, three-dimensional dielectric constant maps, and complex impedance distribution maps through parallel computing; the top layer is the expert early warning and decision-making layer, which uses a fuzzy logic rule base to comprehensively judge multiple features and output the final power control command.

[0095] The system in this embodiment has advantages in processing complex biological tissues that are non-uniform and multi-layered. Through the coupling of microwaves and photoacoustics, the system achieves omnidirectional coverage of the three physical dimensions of electricity, sound, and heat, eliminating the blind spots in early warning caused by the limitations of single-modal sensing.

[0096] Example 4: This example describes a real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing with real-time pathological feature extraction and feedback control functions. Its main feature is that it uses multispectral photoacoustic technology to extract the changes in biochemical characteristics of tissue during the heating process while monitoring the temperature, such as the decrease in blood oxygen saturation or the characteristic absorption peaks of cell metabolites, to provide a deeper level of biological criteria for early warning.

[0097] The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads includes: a multi-wavelength tunable laser excitation module, a broadband high-sensitivity acoustic-electric sensor unit, a radiofrequency power modulation module, a complex impedance analysis module, and an intelligent clinical decision-making system.

[0098] The multi-wavelength tunable laser excitation module can rapidly switch and output multiple specific wavelength laser pulses during the radio frequency interval. These wavelengths cover the absorption peaks of reduced hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, water molecules, and lipids. Through rapid scanning of these wavelengths, the system acquires the photoacoustic signal responses generated by different components within the tissue.

[0099] The intelligent clinical decision-making system extracts biochemical parameter maps of the target region based on the amplitude of photoacoustic signals at different wavelengths using a demixing algorithm, including local blood oxygen concentration distribution, water content gradient, and lipid metabolism status; the decision-making system couples and analyzes the above biochemical parameters with a real-time three-dimensional temperature field.

[0100] Furthermore, the decision system integrates an tissue denaturation monitoring module; this module identifies the starting point of collagen triple helix unwinding in real time by analyzing the shift or broadening of specific absorption peaks; when collagen denaturation is detected to reach the preset treatment endpoint characteristics (rather than just the temperature endpoint), the decision system immediately instructs the radio frequency power modulation module to stop energy output, thus achieving precise control based on biological effects.

[0101] The system also includes an ambient light compensation unit; in actual clinical operations, ambient light in the examination room may enter the detection area through skin scattering, interfering with multispectral acquisition; the compensation unit collects background noise at the moment the laser pulse is turned off and subtracts it from the signal, ensuring the accuracy of multispectral biochemical analysis.

[0102] In this embodiment, the intelligent clinical decision-making system also incorporates dynamic assessment of the risk of tissue necrosis. When the system detects an abnormal sharp decrease in blood oxygen saturation in a local area accompanied by a rise in temperature, it determines that there is a risk of microembolism or thermal burns in that area, and the system will immediately trigger the highest level of safety warning.

[0103] The system also features real-time prediction of treatment outcomes. By monitoring changes in collagen absorption characteristics, the system can provide doctors with real-time feedback on the current treatment progress (e.g., 80% completion of collagen contraction in the current target area), improving the predictability and consistency of clinical procedures.

[0104] The multi-wavelength switching logic is implemented using an acousto-optic modulator, achieving a switching speed on the order of microseconds, enabling full-spectrum scanning to be completed within the radio frequency pulse interval. This extremely rapid biochemical sensing capability elevates the system from traditional physical parameter early warning to biological pathology early warning.

[0105] The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads described in the above embodiments successfully overcomes the industry challenges of traditional systems, such as slow sensing, inability to monitor deep thermal fields, and poor adaptability to tissue heterogeneity, by deeply integrating advanced technologies such as photoacoustic effect, complex impedance monitoring, microwave sensing, and multispectral analysis. The collaborative work between the components constructs a comprehensive, multi-dimensional safety barrier, ensuring not only absolute safety during treatment but also enhancing the clinical effectiveness and personalization of radiofrequency treatment through active energy shaping and biofeedback technologies.

[0106] In all embodiments of the present invention, all logical operations, parameter comparisons, and numerical processing procedures are fully expressed in the form of textual descriptions, without employing any mathematical formulas or independent function expressions. Each module, unit, and subsystem in the system is configured to perform specific functions according to the described textual logic, in order to achieve the overall objective of the present invention.

[0107] It should be noted that the terms "module," "unit," and "subsystem" in this invention can refer to hardware circuits (such as dedicated control boards based on microcontrollers, DSPs, FPGAs, and ASICs), firmware software, or a combination of both. Internal data communication within the system can utilize CAN bus, Ethernet, PCIe bus, or various industrial-grade wireless transmission protocols. In addition to ceramics, biocompatible materials can also include medical-grade polyetheretherketone (PEEK), biocompatible coated titanium alloys, etc., as long as they meet the requirements for radio frequency field compatibility and sensor integration. The type of laser source is not limited to picosecond lasers; femtosecond lasers or high-brightness micro-LED arrays can also be selected according to actual process requirements.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for a radiofrequency treatment head, comprising a radiofrequency energy generation module, a biocompatible integrated treatment head, a short-pulse laser excitation unit, an ultrasonic transducer array, a complex impedance real-time monitoring module, and a central collaborative processing system, characterized in that: The biocompatible integrated treatment head is used to directly contact the target tissue. It is internally encapsulated with a radio frequency electrode that performs energy output, and an optical signal transmission terminal and an acoustic signal pickup probe are integrated at a predetermined geometric position of the radio frequency electrode. The short-pulse laser excitation unit is configured to emit a laser of a predetermined pulse width to the target tissue through the optical signal transmission terminal during the interval of radio frequency energy emission, so that the target tissue absorbs the laser energy and generates instantaneous thermoelastic expansion and radiates ultrasonic signals outward. The ultrasonic transducer array is disposed around the periphery of the radio frequency electrode to capture ultrasonic signals radiated by the target tissue in real time and convert acoustic parameters into electrical parameters. The complex impedance real-time monitoring module is electrically connected to the radio frequency electrode and is used to acquire the resistive and capacitive reactance components of the target tissue in real time during the energy injection process. The central collaborative processing system is communicatively connected to the short-pulse laser excitation unit, the ultrasonic transducer array, and the complex impedance real-time monitoring module, respectively. It is used to invert the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the target tissue in real time based on the received ultrasonic signals and complex impedance data, and to perform early warning judgment based on the changing trend of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution and complex impedance.

2. The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biocompatible integrated treatment head includes a medical-grade ceramic material shell, which has electrical insulation properties and chemical stability to withstand the electromagnetic pressure generated by the radio frequency power output; On the treatment end face of the medical-grade ceramic material shell, the radio frequency electrode is configured as a conductive layer with a preset topology, and the surface roughness of the conductive layer is at the nanometer level to reduce contact thermal resistance. The optical signal transmission end is positioned and installed at the center of the gap of the radio frequency electrode through a micro-hole, and the acoustic signal pickup probe is arranged in an equiangular manner around the outside of the radio frequency electrode to ensure that the laser-excited area is within the sensing field of the ultrasonic transducer array. The radio frequency electrode, the optical signal transmission terminal, and the ultrasonic transducer array are fixed to the distal interface of the medical-grade ceramic material shell by a biocompatible adhesive, and the contact surfaces of each component with the target tissue are on the same horizontal plane to achieve gapless coupling of signals. The biocompatible integrated treatment head also integrates a cooling circulation pipeline, which includes a water pump, a heat exchanger, and a cooling medium. The central collaborative processing system dynamically adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium based on the real-time value of the surface temperature in the three-dimensional temperature field distribution using a proportional-integral-differential algorithm.

3. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The short-pulse laser excitation unit includes a high repetition rate picosecond laser and its associated drive control circuitry. The drive control circuit integrates a precision timer, whose clock source shares the same crystal oscillator as the main control clock of the radio frequency energy generation module. When the radio frequency energy generation module stops the current radio frequency pulse output, the precision timer generates a nanosecond-level trigger signal to drive the picosecond laser to emit laser pulses; The pulsed laser emitted by the short-pulse laser excitation unit has a wavelength in the near-infrared band of 700 nm to 1100 nm to match the absorption peak of the chromophore in the target tissue. The pulse width output by the short-pulse laser excitation unit is limited to a preset pressure relaxation time and thermal relaxation time to ensure that the heat generated by the laser energy is converted into acoustic energy without generating local heat accumulation. The radio frequency energy generation module and the short pulse laser excitation unit are provided with a hard-wired synchronous trigger interface based on the low voltage differential signal standard, so that the emission time window of the laser pulse is aligned with the pulse gap of the radio frequency energy.

4. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ultrasonic transducer array includes multiple piezoelectric sensor units arranged in a ring or matrix. Each sensor unit is independently connected to a pre-amplifier low-noise amplification channel, which has a preset input impedance and adjustable gain. The signal, after being pre-amplified, is input to a high-order bandpass filter circuit. Its center frequency is set within the resonant frequency range of the piezoelectric sensor unit, and its bandwidth is configured to eliminate harmonic interference generated by the radio frequency operating frequency. The central collaborative processing system executes a back projection algorithm based on time difference positioning and sound field reconstruction logic according to the order and amplitude of signals received by each sensor unit, and constructs a three-dimensional thermal field gradient map of the target tissue, including the surface, middle and deep layers. The construction logic of the three-dimensional thermal gradient map includes compensation using the offset of sound speed in different temperature media, and the central collaborative processing system dynamically corrects the propagation time of the sound signal in the tissue according to the preset sound speed temperature response function.

5. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The complex impedance real-time monitoring module includes a high-speed vector impedance analysis unit, which acquires the instantaneous current and voltage waveforms of the radio frequency electrode through a current transformer and a voltage sampling circuit, and uses a digital signal processor to perform a fast Fourier transform on the waveform to analyze the resistive and capacitive reactance components. The complex impedance real-time monitoring module adopts multi-band detection technology to collect impedance information at multiple preset frequency points, analyze the impedance characteristics of the tissue at different depths, and introduce them into the accuracy compensation of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution. The central collaborative processing system integrates a cross-modal data alignment function, which synchronously samples the temperature values ​​in the three-dimensional thermal gradient map with the impedance data obtained by the complex impedance real-time monitoring module through a timestamp distributor, and establishes an impedance dynamic baseline based on real-time temperature calibration. The central collaborative processing system utilizes the correlation between the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal and the local temperature of the tissue to correct impedance measurement deviations caused by differences in tissue water content or fat thickness in real time, and establishes personalized safety boundary models for different parts.

6. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The central collaborative processing system executes an adaptive early warning logic, which continuously monitors the impedance decrease rate obtained by the complex impedance real-time monitoring module and the temperature rise rate at each depth in the three-dimensional temperature field distribution. When the impedance drop rate exceeds a preset slope threshold, and the three-dimensional temperature field distribution shows that the temperature rise rate of deep tissue exceeds a preset change threshold, the central collaborative processing system sends a cutoff signal to the radio frequency energy generation module. The central collaborative processing system is also equipped with a feature recognition function to identify nonlinear impedance fluctuations caused by the vaporization of water inside the tissue. When such features are identified and the actual temperature displayed by the photoacoustic signal does not reach the preset cut-off threshold, the system automatically increases the temporary impedance warning parameter to prevent treatment interruption caused by non-invasive fluctuations. The system performs a tissue baseline parameter scan during the initialization phase by emitting a series of low-energy laser pulses to obtain the initial acoustic impedance and initial thermoelastic parameters of the treatment site, which are then used as a normalized reference for subsequent real-time monitoring.

7. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The system also includes an active energy shaping subsystem, which integrates a thermal diffusion dynamics model based on a discretized form of the biothermal equation. The active energy shaping subsystem predicts the heat evolution trend within a predetermined time period based on the current three-dimensional temperature field distribution and the thermal diffusion dynamics model, and adjusts the output power, duty cycle, and waveform parameters of the radio frequency energy generation module in real time accordingly, so that the temperature of the target area is maintained within the preset ideal treatment temperature range. The radio frequency electrode is divided into multiple independently controlled microelectrode units, and the central collaborative processing system independently adjusts the energy output intensity of each microelectrode unit according to the uniformity of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution. When the active energy shaping subsystem predicts that deep tissues may exceed the safety threshold within a predetermined time in the future, it moves the heat concentration area to the shallow layer by changing the flow phase of the radio frequency current or disperses the heat density by frequency modulation.

8. The real-time temperature sensing and early warning system for radiofrequency treatment heads according to claim 7, characterized in that, The central collaborative processing system is equipped with a machine learning calibration function based on deep reinforcement learning. This machine learning calibration function automatically optimizes the energy control strategy for skin type and updates the sensitivity parameters for early warning triggering by comparing thermal field evolution data during historical treatment processes with the current impedance feedback. The system also includes a human-computer interaction display unit, which is used to present a dynamic three-dimensional temperature color cloud map generated by the central collaborative processing system in real time, and to graphically indicate the spatial coordinate position of the current highest temperature point of the thermal field relative to the treatment head electrode. The contact surface of the biocompatible integrated treatment head is coated with an acoustic matching layer material. The acoustic impedance value of the acoustic matching layer material is between the acoustic impedance of the ultrasonic transducer array and the acoustic impedance of biological tissue, which is used to reduce the reflection loss of sound waves at the interface.

9. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The system also includes a distributed laser drive matrix, a high-speed parallel ultrasonic acquisition module, and a full-frequency dynamic impedance scanning unit. The distributed laser driving matrix consists of multiple independent semiconductor laser diodes and executes time-division multiplexing excitation logic, which excites laser pulses at different positions in turn according to a predetermined spatial sequence during the same radio frequency interval. The high-speed parallel ultrasonic acquisition module includes a multi-channel synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter and integrates a field-programmable gate array for performing digital filtering, envelope detection and data compression. The full-frequency dynamic impedance scanning unit performs frequency sweeping in the radio frequency operating band and its auxiliary frequency band to obtain complex impedance spectral lines, and uses the slope change characteristics of the complex impedance spectral lines to identify the structural evolution inside the tissue. Each treatment unit in the biocompatible integrated treatment head is also equipped with a temperature-sensitive fluorescent coating. The optical signal transmission end collects temperature-sensitive fluorescent signals during the intervals between laser pulses. The central collaborative processing system analyzes the changes in fluorescence lifetime to obtain the contact temperature of the treatment head surface, thus constructing a dual optical temperature control mechanism.

10. The real-time early warning system for radiofrequency treatment head temperature sensing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes a microwave scattering parameter analysis unit and a multi-wavelength tunable laser excitation module; The biocompatible integrated treatment head includes a miniature microwave antenna array for transmitting low-energy microwave detection signals to tissues and receiving scattered signals. The microwave scattering parameter analysis unit uses zero-difference detection technology to obtain the scattering matrix parameters of the target tissue and extracts the characteristic information of the deep tissue water content distribution and phase transition trend. The multi-wavelength tunable laser excitation module rapidly switches and outputs laser pulses of multiple wavelengths during the radio frequency interval, and the wavelengths cover the absorption peaks of reduced hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, water molecules and lipids. The central collaborative processing system uses a demixing algorithm to extract local blood oxygen concentration distribution, water content gradient, and biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism in the target area. By analyzing the shift or broadening of absorption peaks, it identifies in real time the starting point of the unwinding of the collagen triple helix structure.

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