Method of joining structural elements

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and system for joining structural elements.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to other applications

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Applications Nos. 63 / 730,003 and 63 / 737,847, filed on December 10, 2024 and December 23, 2024, respectively, the full text of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates generally to the field of metallurgy, and more specifically to a method for joining structural elements. Background Technology

[0004] In existing technologies, structural components (such as steel pipes) can be welded using conventional welding methods. However, conventional welding methods have several drawbacks. These methods are often time-consuming, and there is a global shortage of qualified welders. Furthermore, the quality of welds using conventional welding methods is often inconsistent.

[0005] Conventional methods often result in a region within the welded product containing molten and subsequently cooled metal. Within this region, the molten and subsequently cooled metal may possess properties different from the surrounding bulk material, which can be undesirable.

[0006] Therefore, a novel method for joining structural elements is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0007] For the reasons mentioned above, there is a need for a method to join structural elements together in order to overcome or mitigate one or more defects or deficiencies in the prior art.

[0008] In a broader sense, this invention provides a method for joining structural elements using one or more connectors. Each connector includes a body and a plurality of fins disposed on the body. The method includes: heating the heated portions of the connectors and structural elements to a heat-working temperature in an inert (non-oxidizing) atmosphere, at which the heated portions are in a plastically deformable state. Once the heated portions reach the heat-working temperature, they are joined together and subjected to a joining movement in which one or more of the connectors and structural elements are moved relative to the other, causing at least a portion of the heated portions to undergo shearing action and plastic deformation. Due to this plastic deformation, a recrystallized material region is formed that joins the connectors and structural elements.

[0009] According to another aspect of the invention, a method is provided comprising: providing a pair of structural elements, each structural element including an end, the respective ends of the pair of structural elements being disposed opposite each other; providing at least one connector, each of the at least one connector including a body portion, wherein the body portion is disposed adjacent to the respective end of the pair of structural elements; providing an inert atmosphere covering the connector and the respective end of the pair of structural elements; heating a connector heating section of the at least one connector to a connector heat-working temperature, and heating a structural element heating section of the end to a structural element heat-working temperature; subjecting one or both of the at least one connector and at least one selected element of the pair of structural elements to a translational movement to engage the at least one connector with an inner or outer surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements; subjecting one or more of the at least one connector and at least one of the pair of structural elements to an engagement movement, wherein one or more of the connector and at least one of the pair of structural elements moves relative to the other; and pressing the at least one connector against the inner or outer surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements to engage the at least one connector to the end of the corresponding structural element.

[0010] In another aspect, the provided connector further includes a plurality of fins disposed on the respective body portion of the at least one connector for at least partial engagement with the inner surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements. In yet another aspect, the provided connector further includes a plurality of fins disposed on the respective body portion of the at least one connector for at least partial engagement with the outer surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements. In yet another aspect, heating the connector heating section of the connector to the connector heat-processing temperature and heating the structural element heating section at the end of the connector to the structural element heat-processing temperature includes: disposing at least one heating element near the ends of the at least one connector and the pair of structural elements; energizing the at least one heating element to heat the connector heating section and the structural element heating section; and removing the at least one heating element.

[0011] On the other hand, each end of the pair of structural elements includes a bevel, thereby forming a cavity when the ends are engaged, such that the heating section of the connector is squeezed into the cavity during the application of translational and / or engagement movements. On the other hand, providing at least one connector includes providing at least two connectors. On the other hand, the method includes inserting an intermediate element between the at least two connectors to seal the gap between the at least two connectors. In one aspect, pressing the at least one connector against the inner or outer surface of each end of the pair of structural elements to engage the at least one connector to the end of the respective structural element includes pressing the at least one connector against both the inner and outer surfaces of each end of the pair of structural elements to engage the at least one connector to the end of the respective structural element. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The invention can be better understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0013] Figure 1 The diagram shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of two structural elements positioned such that their respective ends are opposite each other, and a connector embodiment positioned adjacent to the ends.

[0014] Figure 2A for Figure 1 A longitudinal cross-sectional view of a structural component, which is shown through... Figure 1 The connecting parts are joined together;

[0015] Figure 2B for Figure 1 and Figure 2A A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structural components, which are joined together by the connectors to form a product;

[0016] Figure 2C To combine structural elements with inclined planes Figure 1 A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the product formed by the connection of the connectors in the middle;

[0017] Figure 3 A side view of an embodiment of two structural elements and another connector positioned on the structural elements;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Longitudinal sectional view of the connecting parts and structural components;

[0019] Figure 5 For along Figure 3 Intercepted by the midline A-A' Figure 3 and Figure 4 A longitudinal sectional view of the connector assembly and structural elements shows the connector assembly engaging the structural elements;

[0020] Figure 6The side view of two structural elements and several connecting parts thereon is drawn at an enlarged scale.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a side view of a connector according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, positioned to join a base and a structural element together, drawn at a reduced scale.

[0022] Figure 8 A side view of the connector joining two misaligned structural elements together;

[0023] Figure 9A A side view of the structural elements joining together with connectors and intermediate components, drawn at an enlarged scale;

[0024] Figure 9B for Figure 9A A cross-sectional view of the connecting member, its positioning for engagement. Figure 9A The structural elements are shown in the diagram, with the middle element positioned in between, and drawn using an enlarged scale.

[0025] Figure 9C for Figure 9A and Figure 9B A cross-sectional view of the connecting member, in which the intermediate element is positioned;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a connector according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, which is engaged with the outer surface, inner surface and end face of the corresponding structural element;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a connector according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, which is engaged with the outer surface, inner surface and end face of the corresponding structural element;

[0028] Figure 12 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a connector according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, which engages with the inner surface and end face of the corresponding structural element.

[0029] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A longitudinal sectional view of the connecting member, wherein the connecting member is engaged with the end of the corresponding structural element;

[0030] Figure 14A This is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the connector of the present invention, which is positioned to engage with the outer and inner surfaces of the structural element, and is drawn at an enlarged scale.

[0031] Figure 14B for Figure 14A A cross-sectional view of the product formed when the connecting parts are fixed to its structural components;

[0032] Figure 15AThis is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the connector of the present invention, which is positioned for engagement with the outer and inner surfaces of the structural element;

[0033] Figure 15B for Figure 15A A cross-sectional view of the product formed when the connecting parts are fixed to its structural components;

[0034] Figure 16A This is a cross-sectional view of a connector according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, which is positioned to engage within a cavity of a structural element;

[0035] Figure 16B To display Figure 16A Cross-sectional view of the connecting component being fixed inside the cavity of the structural element;

[0036] Figure 17A This is a cross-sectional view of a connector according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, which is positioned to engage within a cavity of a structural element;

[0037] Figure 17B To display Figure 17A Cross-sectional view of the connecting component being fixed inside the cavity of the structural element;

[0038] Figure 18A This is a side view of the structural body and the connector of another alternative embodiment of the present invention, in which one or more heating elements are provided, drawn at a reduced scale;

[0039] Figure 18B for Figure 18A Top view of the main structure and connecting parts;

[0040] Figure 18C for Figure 18A and Figure 18B A side view of the connecting member and the main body of the structure, wherein the connecting member is fixed to the main body of the structure;

[0041] Figure 19A This is a cross-sectional view of a structural component, which has an upper plate, a lower plate, and several I-beams placed therebetween. Connectors for joining the I-beams to the upper and lower plates are provided. The drawing is done at an enlarged scale.

[0042] Figure 19B for Figure 19A A cross-sectional view of a part of the middle structure, in which an I-beam is connected to the lower plate by two connectors, drawn at an enlarged scale;

[0043] Figure 20 for Figure 19A A cross-sectional view of the central structural section, in which the I-beams are connected to the lower and upper plates via connectors, is drawn at a reduced scale;

[0044] Figure 21 for Figure 20A longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the central structure;

[0045] Figure 22A This is a cross-sectional view of a structural section having a curved upper plate and lower plate and several I-beams placed therebetween, wherein connectors for joining the upper plate and lower plate are provided.

[0046] Figure 22B for Figure 22A A cross-sectional view of a part of the middle structure, in which an I-beam is connected to the lower plate by two connectors, drawn at an enlarged scale;

[0047] Figure 23 for Figure 22A A cross-sectional view of the central structural section, in which the I-beams are connected to the lower and upper plates via connectors, is drawn at a reduced scale;

[0048] Figure 24 for Figure 23 A longitudinal section view of a part of the middle structure; and

[0049] Figure 25 This is a longitudinal section view of a structural section, in which the upper and lower plates are bent longitudinally, and an I-beam is connected to the upper and lower plates by connectors. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals always denote corresponding elements. First refer to... Figure 1 Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of the method according to the present invention.

[0051] In one embodiment, the method includes providing two structural elements 20A, 20B and their respective inner surfaces 22A, 22B. For example... Figure 1 As shown, each structural element 20A, 20B includes an end. For clarity, the ends are indicated by reference numerals 24A, 24B. Figure 1-2B ).like Figure 1 As shown, the structural elements 20A and 20B are positioned such that the ends 24A and 24B are opposite to each other.

[0052] It should be understood that the structural elements are made of one or more metals, such as steel. In this regard, "metal" should be understood as a metallic element or an alloy containing one or more metallic elements.

[0053] like Figure 1-2B As shown, in the current embodiment, the structural elements 20A and 20B may be metal tubes with a circular cross-section defining an axis "X". However, those skilled in the art will understand that the structural elements may have any cross-section required for the structure. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the cross-section of the structural elements may vary along their length if required for structural or other purposes.

[0054] The engagement of structural elements 20A and 20B includes a connector 26. The connector 26 includes a body 28 and a plurality or a set of fins 30 disposed on the body 28 for at least partial engagement with the inner surfaces 22A and 22B of the structural elements 20A and 20B. The connector 26 may be made of one or more suitable metals, which may be the same as or different from the metal of the structural elements to be engaged by the connector 26. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, metals whose heat treatment temperature is different from or lower than that of the structural element metal.

[0055] After the connector 26 and structural elements 20A and 20B are positioned, one or more heating elements 32 are provided to heat a portion or section of the connector 26 (which can be considered as a first heating portion or connector heating section 34) to the connector's heat treatment temperature, and to heat corresponding portions or sections of the ends 24A and 24B of the corresponding structural elements 20A and 20B (which can be considered as second heating portions of ends 24A and 24B or structural element heating sections 36A and 36B) to the structural element's heat treatment temperature. Figure 1 It should be understood that the fin 30 is contained within the first heating section 34.

[0056] In one embodiment, the first and second heating portions 34, 36A, and 36B can be heated to different heat treatment temperatures, such as a first heat treatment temperature and a second heat treatment temperature. For example, the connector 26 may be made of a first metal that is plastically deformable at the first heat treatment temperature, and the structural elements 20A and 20B may be made of a second metal that is plastically deformable at the second heat treatment temperature. For simplicity, only one heat treatment temperature will be mentioned below, but it should be understood that the heat treatment temperature of the connector and the heat treatment temperature of the structural elements may be the same or different.

[0057] exist Figure 1 In the illustration, for clarity, the thickness of the first heating portion 34 and the second heating portions 36A and 36B is exaggerated.

[0058] The heating element can heat the heating portion using any suitable heating method. In one embodiment, the heating element heats the heating portion by induction. Those skilled in the art will understand that, depending on the specific circumstances, the most energy-efficient arrangement may be to provide separately configured heating elements 32, respectively used to heat the first and second heating portions 34, 36A, and 36B. However, for clarity of illustration, Figure 1 Only one heating element 32 is shown in the image.

[0059] In some embodiments, during heating, an inert atmosphere is provided to cover the connector 26 and at least the ends 24A, 24B of the respective structural elements 20A, 20B. Those skilled in the art will recognize gases that can form a suitable inert (non-oxidizing) atmosphere. For clarity, it should be understood that containers suitable for containing the inert atmosphere are omitted in the drawings.

[0060] Next, the one or more heating elements 32 are energized to heat the first heating portion 34 and the second heating portions 36A and 36B to their respective heat treatment temperatures. When the first heating portion 34 and the second heating portions 36A and 36B are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, one or both of the connector 26 and at least one selected element of the structural elements 20A and 20B are subjected to translational movement to engage the connector 26 with the inner surfaces 22A and 22B of the ends of the corresponding structural elements 20A and 20B. More precisely, as Figure 2B As shown in the diagram, the first heating portion 34 is engaged with each of the second heating portions 36A and 36B.

[0061] exist Figure 1-2B In the example shown, the translational movement applied to structural elements 20A and 20B causes them to move in the directions indicated by arrows "A1" and "A2," respectively, while connector 26 remains stationary. Simultaneously, structural elements 20A and 20B move linearly relative to connector 26. Other arrangements or sequences of translational movements are also contemplated, as described below. Those skilled in the art will understand that the movement of connectors and / or structural elements can be performed in any suitable sequence to engage the first and second heating portions, depending on the specific circumstances.

[0062] Furthermore, when the first heating portion 34 and the second heating portions 36A and 36B are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, one or more of the selected elements of the connector 26 and the structural elements 20A and 20B undergo engagement movement, wherein one or more of the selected elements of the connector 26 and the structural elements 20A and 20B move relative to the other. For example, in Figure 2A In this process, the connector 26 undergoes an engagement movement in which it moves relative to the structural elements 20A and 20B in the direction indicated by arrow "B". This engagement movement can be any relative motion and can be repeated periodically. For example, the connector 26 can rotate or oscillate about axis "X".

[0063] The connector 26 can also be pressed against the inner surfaces 22A, 22B of the ends 24A, 24B to engage the connector 26 to the ends 24A, 24B of the corresponding structural elements 20A, 20B. For example, the connector 26 can be pressed outward against the inner surfaces 22A, 22B. Figure 2A For clarity of illustration, it should be understood that the means for pressing the connector 26 against the structural elements 20A and 20B are... Figure 1-2B The term "[unclear]" is omitted. Those skilled in the art will recognize suitable means for pressing the connector 26 against the structural elements 20A, 20B.

[0064] It should also be understood that, for the sake of clarity of the illustration, Figure 1 and Figure 2A Only a small number of fins 30 are shown, and the length of fins 30 is exaggerated. Again, for clarity of illustration, Figure 2A The gap "G" between the body 28 and the inner surfaces 22A, 22B shown is also exaggerated. Preferably, the fins 30 undergo plastic deformation when pressed between the inner surfaces 22A, 22B and the body 28 at their heat treatment temperature. Figure 2A ).

[0065] exist Figure 2B In this product, structural elements 20A and 20B are joined together by connector 26 to form product 37. In this product, fins 30 are compressed and plastically deformed between the connector body 28 and the inner surfaces 22A and 22B of the ends 24A and 24B.

[0066] As mentioned above, for clarity of illustration, Figure 1 and Figure 2A Only one heating element 32 is shown in the figure; however, the configuration and position of the at least one heating element 32 may be determined by practical considerations, such as any difficulties encountered when positioning the heating element inside the structural element, and the difficulties encountered when removing the heating element from its respective position or location after the first and second heating sections have reached their respective heat treatment temperatures.

[0067] When the heated portion is at its heat treatment temperature, it undergoes plastic deformation. Since the heat treatment temperature is lower than the melting temperature of the metal of the connector 26 and structural elements 20A and 20B, when the structural elements 20A and 20B are joined to the connector 26 using the method of the present invention, unlike conventional welding methods, the method of the present invention does not involve the process of first melting the metal and then solidifying it.

[0068] When the heated portions are at their heat-processing temperature and joined together, due to the joining motion, the heated portions 34, 36A, and 36B are at least partially subjected to shearing forces, thereby forming a region or area with a relatively uniform fine-grained microstructure, which at least includes a portion of the heated portions, and the inner surfaces 22A and 22B are at least partially incorporated therein. It is believed that this relatively fine-grained microstructure is caused by such shearing forces experienced by the heated portions when they are at their heat-processing temperature.

[0069] It should also be understood that, in one embodiment, the engagement movement of one or both of the structural elements and / or connectors may be initiated before the translational movement begins.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, ends 24A, 24B include respective end faces 25A, 25B. In one embodiment, the ends 24A, 24B may be initially positioned abutting or adjacent to each other before heating, thereby engaging end faces 25A, 25B. In this embodiment, the heating element 32 may be positioned, for example, between the connector and the inner surfaces of the structural elements 20A, 20B. In this embodiment, once the first and second heating portions reach their heat treatment temperature, the heating element is removed to avoid interfering with the engagement of the connector with the inner surfaces 22A, 22B. The connector 26 undergoes translational movement to move against the inner surfaces 22A, 22B, and the first and second structural elements 20A, 20B are pressed against each other. When the connector 26 is pressed against the inner surfaces 22A, 22B and the structural elements 20A, 20B are pressed against each other, in response to the engagement movement, one or both of the connector and / or ends 24A, 24B move relative to each other.

[0071] Once connector 26 engages with ends 24A and 24B, the temperature of the first and second heated portions rapidly decreases from their heat-working temperature. Plastic deformation is no longer possible when the temperature of the metal connector or the ends falls below the heat-working temperature. This is because further engagement movement is hindered once the connector is engaged or bonded to the ends. Therefore, the engagement movement stops once sufficient resistance is encountered.

[0072] When the engagement movement is performed and the connector is pressed against the inner surfaces 22A, 22B of the ends 24A, 24B, at least a portion of the metal in the first and second heated portions 34, 36A, 36B is subjected to shearing during plastic deformation of the metal. Due to recrystallization caused by plastic deformation at the hot working temperature, the connector 26 forms a metallic bond with the ends 24A, 24B. As described above, the recrystallized metal connecting the connector to the ends 24A, 24B has a relatively uniform fine-grained structure. After shearing and cooling, the recrystallized zone of the metal extends between (i) the first heated portion 34 and the second heated portion 36A, and (ii) the first heated portion 34 and the second heated portion 36B, thereby integrating the affected portions and forming a metallurgical bond between them. The inner surfaces 22A, 22B that engage with the fins 30, and at least a portion of the fins 30 that engage with the inner surfaces 22A, 22B when they first reach the hot working temperature, are incorporated into the recrystallized metal. It should be understood that, in Figure 2A In the diagram, for clarity, the connector 26 is shown with fins 30 mounted on its body 28, and is shown at intervals with the inner surfaces 22A and 22B.

[0073] At least a portion of the recrystallization in the heated portion is attributed to the shear force it experiences. As described above, shear force occurs when the heated portion is heated to a selected heat working temperature (or a selected heat working temperature range), at which temperature the heated portion of the connector and its end is in a state of plastic deformation.

[0074] The fins mounted on the connector body 28 facilitate the process of joining the connector 26 to the structural elements 20A, 20B in two ways. First, because the fins are typically much thinner than the connector body, they heat up to the heat treatment temperature much faster than the connector body. Second, due to their small size, the fins can plastically deform to fill the opening defined between the connector body and any or both structural elements when the connector is joined to the structural elements(s). Generally, a large number of relatively small fins are preferred. It should be understood that, in this context, "fin" can be considered any protrusion above an adjacent surface; for example, a fin can be an elongated filament extending from the surface of the connector body, a small bump, or a structure associated with small corrugations, or even material remaining after several holes have been made in the material.

[0075] Where structural elements 20A and 20B are not used to convey fluid within or through them, the position of the connector on the inner surface will not adversely affect fluid flow; therefore, connector 26 can be configured in any suitable manner. Furthermore, in this case, the connection between the connector and the end may not require a fluid seal.

[0076] When the connector 26 is pressed against the inner surfaces 22A, 22B, some of the malleable material may be extruded from the area between the body 28 and the inner surfaces 22A, 22B. For example, some fins may be extruded in this way. Therefore, in one embodiment, one or both of the ends 24A, 24B may include a ramp that partially defines a cavity for receiving the malleable and extruded material.

[0077] like Figure 2C As shown, in one embodiment, structural elements 20A and 20B include respective inclined surfaces 40A and 40B. It should be understood that... Figure 2C The structural elements 20A, 20B and connector 26 shown are in the state after they have been joined together to form the product indicated by reference numeral 37'.

[0078] The inclined surfaces 40A and 40B define a cavity 42 for accommodating the extruded material 44. Figure 2C ).like Figure 2C As shown, once product 37' is formed, cavity 42 is also partially defined by the inner surface 46 of connector 26 body 28. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 2C Fin 30 is omitted.

[0079] It is believed that when the corresponding heating portions 34, 36A and 34, 36B are joined and the plastic deformable material therein is sheared, at least a portion of the heating portions 34, 36A, 36B (including fins) is squeezed or forced into the cavity 42.

[0080] In another embodiment, the connector may be attached to the outer surface of the structural element. In one embodiment, the method of the invention first includes providing two structural elements 120A and 120B having their respective outer surfaces 138A and 138B, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. Each structural element 120A and 120B includes one end.

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown (which is a side view of a pair of structural elements), structural elements 120A and 120B are adjacent to each other, thereby defining a joint “S” between them. Figure 4 The connector 126 is shown in a position where its first heating portion 134 is heated by the heating element 132. Figure 5 The diagram shows the state in which the fins 130 of the connector 126 are engaged with the structural elements 120A and 120B. Figure 5 For along Figure 3 Longitudinal cross section taken along the midline A-A'.

[0082] In the current embodiment, the connector 126 includes a body 128 and a plurality of fins 130 disposed on the body 128 for at least partial engagement with the outer surfaces 138A and 138B of the structural elements 120A and 120B. Figure 4 ).

[0083] For clarity of illustration, the ends are... Figure 3-5 Reference numerals 124A and 124B are used. Structural elements 120A and 120B are positioned such that ends 124A and 124B engage with each other. In one embodiment, as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, structural elements 120A and 120B are positioned such that ends 124A and 124B engage and align with each other.

[0084] It should be understood that structural components 120A and 120B are... Figure 4 and Figure 5 It may not be fully shown. Structural elements 120A and 120B may have any suitable cross-section; for example, they may be metal tubes with a circular cross-section.

[0085] One or more heating elements 132 are provided for heating the first heating portion 134 of the connector 126 to the heat working temperature, and heating the respective second heating portions 136A, 136B of the ends 124A, 124B of the corresponding structural elements 120A, 120B to their heat working temperatures. Figure 3 The at least one heating element 132 is configured and positioned in any suitable manner (e.g., induction heating, although other heating methods are also contemplated) for heating the first and second heating portions 134, 136A, 136B.

[0086] In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, the extent or dimensions of the first and second heating portions 134, 136A, and 136B are exaggerated. Generally, the heating portions are typically thinner than shown in the drawings.

[0087] In one embodiment, only one heating element 132 may be required, such as Figure 4 As illustrated. Those skilled in the art will understand that multiple heating elements may be used, for example, three may be required, for each of the heating sections 134, 136A, and 136B respectively.

[0088] An inert atmosphere is provided to cover the connector 126 and at least the ends 124A, 124B of the corresponding structural elements. The inert atmosphere is preferably contained within a container (not shown). It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The container for the inert atmosphere is omitted.

[0089] Next, the one or more heating elements 132 are energized to heat the first and second heating portions 134, 136A, and 136B to their heat processing temperature.

[0090] When the first and second heating portions 134, 136A, and 136B are at their heat treatment temperatures, a translational movement (i.e., along) is applied to the connector 126. Figure 5 (In the direction indicated by the middle arrow "2B"), the connector 126 engages with the outer surfaces 138A and 138B of the respective ends of the structural elements. The ends 124A and 124B also press against each other, i.e., along... Figure 5 The directions indicated by the middle arrows "2A1" and "2A2".

[0091] Depending on the specific circumstances or scenario, the positioning of connector 126 on structural elements 120A and 120B may not need to be precise.

[0092] When the first and second heating portions are at their heat treatment temperature, an engagement movement is applied to one or more of the connector 126 and / or the structural elements 120A, 120B, in which one or more of the connector and the structural elements move relative to the other. For example, one or more of the connector 126 and the structural elements 120A, 120B may rotate or oscillate about the axis (not shown) of the structural elements 120A, 120B, or the connector may move parallel to the axis (i.e., along...). Figure 5 (The direction indicated by the middle arrow "2C").

[0093] When structural elements 120A and 120B are not easily moved, only the connecting member 126 is subjected to engagement movement.

[0094] When the connector is pressed against the outer surface of the end, and the first and second heating portions are at their heat treatment temperatures, the first heating portion 134 and the second heating portions 136A and 136B undergo shear and plastic deformation. Due to shearing in response to at least one translational or joining motion, the first and second heating portions form a single metallurgical bonding region with a fine-grained microstructure extending through the first and second heating portions. The original end face of the end and the fins (and / or the surface of the connector in contact with the outer surface) are at least partially integrated into the new fine-grained microstructure region, thereby bonding the connector to the outer surface of the corresponding structural element end.

[0095] In another embodiment, such as Figure 6As shown, multiple radially spaced connectors can be positioned on the outer surface of structural elements to provide a relatively robust connection between two adjacent structural elements 220A, 220B. For example, structural elements 220A, 220B may be components of a tower (not fully shown), such as a tower for supporting a wind turbine. Figure 6 In the middle, structural elements 220A and 220B are joined together, with a joint "2S" defined between them.

[0096] like Figure 6 As shown, structural elements 220A and 220B can be connected via multiple connectors. Figure 6 The reference numerals 226A, 226B, and 226C are used to indicate this. It should be understood that the above-described technique can be used to secure the connectors to structural elements 220A and 220B. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 6 The heating element is omitted.

[0097] It should be understood that Figure 6 Only the bodies of connectors 226A, 226B, and 226C are shown in the image; the fins of connectors 226A, 226B, and 226C are... Figure 6 The middle part is omitted. Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, connectors 226A, 226B, and 226C are fixed to the outer surfaces 238A and 238B of structural elements 220A and 220B, respectively, and cross the seam "2S".

[0098] Those skilled in the art will understand that, alternatively or additionally, other connectors may be fixed to the inner surfaces of structural elements 220A and 220B respectively. Figure 6 (Not shown in the middle)

[0099] In some embodiments, when the connection between structural elements 220A and 220B does not require a fluid seal, connectors 226A, 226B, and 226C may be spaced apart from each other (e.g., Figure 6 (As shown).

[0100] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 The illustration shows a further embodiment of a connector that can be used to connect workpieces or structural elements whose outer surfaces are not aligned. For example, Figure 7 In the middle, structural element 320A has an outer surface 338A, which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the common axis "3X". Another structural element 320B has an outer surface 338B, which is aligned with the axis "3X". Figure 7 In the middle, structural elements 320A and 320B are joined together, with a seam "3S" defined between them. For example... Figure 7As shown, connector 326 is formed to fit onto two misaligned outer surfaces. Connector 326 can be fixed to structural elements 320A and 320B using the above-described technique. Heating elements are omitted for clarity.

[0101] It should be understood that when the connector 326 engages with the structural elements 320A, 320B, the fins 330 are sized and positioned to fill such gaps between the body 328 and the structural elements 320A, 320B.

[0102] As can be seen from the above, multiple connectors can be used, positioned across the joint "3S" to join structural elements 320A and 320B. It should be understood that, for the sake of simplicity, Figure 7 Only one connector is shown in the image.

[0103] Figure 8 In the middle, the outer surfaces 438A and 438B of structural elements 420A and 420B are parallel to the axes "4X1" and "4X2" respectively, but they are misaligned with each other due to the misalignment of the axes. Figure 8 In the diagram, structural elements 420A and 420B are joined together, defining a seam "4S" between them. Connectors 426A and 426B are radially spaced apart and positioned to connect structural elements 420A and 420B. It should be understood that the above-described technique can be used to connect the connectors to structural elements 420A and 420B. For clarity, the heating element is omitted.

[0104] It should be understood that when the connectors are engaged with structural elements 420A and 420B, the size and position of the fins 430 are set to fill such gaps between the bodies 428A and 428B and the outer surfaces 438A and 438B of the structural elements 420A and 420B.

[0105] Another alternative embodiment of the method or system of the present invention is shown in Figures 9A-9C .like Figure 9A As shown, structural elements 520A and 520B are joined together, defining a seam "5S" between them. Connectors 526A and 526B are joined to the outer surfaces 538A and 538B of the structural elements and cross the seam "5S". The connectors are fixed to the outer surfaces of the structural elements as described above. However, Figure 9A The diagram also shows an intermediate element 550, positioned between connectors 526A and 526B. The manner in which the intermediate element 550 engages with structural elements 520A and 520B is shown. Figure 9B and 9C This will be discussed in detail below.

[0106] exist Figures 9A-9C In this configuration, intermediate element 550 is used to seal the gap 552 defined between connectors 526A and 526B. In some embodiments, sealing the gap 552 may be necessary. Figure 9B For example, if the aim is to provide a fluid seal along the joint “5S”.

[0107] Figure 9C For along Figure 9A A cross-sectional view taken along centerline B-B'. In this case, the surfaces 554A and 554B of the corresponding connectors 526A and 526B can be processed to engage with the intermediate element 550, for example, to fit the intermediate element 550 into the gap 552. Figure 9B ).

[0108] like Figure 9B As shown, the intermediate element 550 includes one or more intermediate surfaces 556 on which a plurality of fins 558 protrude. The intermediate surfaces 556 are formed to mate with surfaces 554A and 554B, and the fins 558 are pressed between them. Figure 9B and 9C As shown, the intermediate element 550 includes a surface 557 that engages with the outer surfaces 538A and 538B when the intermediate element 550 is positioned within the gap 552.

[0109] Each connector, intermediate element, and structural element includes a section that is heated to facilitate inter-assembly engagement. Similar to the embodiments described above, the heated portion is covered by an inert atmosphere (not shown). It should be understood that one or more heating elements ( Figure 9B (Not shown) is positioned to heat the first heating portion (not shown) of the corresponding connectors 526A, 526B to the hot working temperature. It should be understood that the heating portion is positioned within the corresponding surfaces 554A, 554B. The connector may also include a heating portion on the surface that engages with the structural element.

[0110] One or more heating elements ( Figure 9B The intermediate element 550 (not shown) is positioned to heat one or more heating portions (not shown) of the intermediate element 550 to the heat processing temperature of the intermediate element. It should be understood that the fin 558 is included in the heating portion of the intermediate element 550.

[0111] The connection between the connector, intermediate element, and outer surface can be performed as described above. When the heated portions of the connector and intermediate element are at their heat treatment temperature, the intermediate element 550 moves in the direction indicated by arrow "5A," causing the fins 558 to engage with surfaces 554A and 554B. Figure 9BOnce engaged, the intermediate element 550 is continuously pressed in the direction indicated by arrow "5A" until the heated portions are at least partially engaged. Simultaneously, when the intermediate element 550 is pressed against surfaces 554A and 554B, and the heated portions of the intermediate element and connector are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, the intermediate element oscillates within the gap 552, causing plastic deformation of the heated portions of the connector and intermediate element that are at least partially engaged.

[0112] like Figure 9A and 9C As shown, intermediate element 550 is also positioned between connectors 526A and 526B to engage the outer surfaces 538A and 538B or the two sides of the seam “5S”.

[0113] As described above, due to the plastic deformation, the surfaces 554A, 554B, intermediate surface 556, and surface 557 are incorporated into the recrystallized material having a relatively fine-grained microstructure, and the intermediate element 550 and the connectors 526A and 526B are metallurgically bonded together across the recrystallized material region of the intermediate element and the connectors 526A and 526B.

[0114] Those skilled in the art should understand that Figures 9A-9C The illustrated method embodiment is applicable, for example, to situations where a fluid seal is required along the "5S" length direction of the joint. Although Figures 9A to 9C Only two connectors and one intermediate element are shown, but in other embodiments, there may be more connectors with intermediate elements in between.

[0115] In another alternative embodiment, connector 626 includes an inner component or body 627A connected by a central portion 660 to an outer component or body 627B. Figure 10 As described below, the inner component 627A includes an inner body 628A, and the outer component 627B includes an outer body 628B. Structural elements 620A and 620B each have corresponding end faces 625A and 625B at their respective ends 624A and 624B. The structural elements 620A and 620B are initially spaced apart from each other.

[0116] The connector 626 is initially positioned such that the central portion 660 is located between the ends 624A, 624B or the end faces. The central portion 660 includes inner surfaces 662A and 662B facing the end faces 625A and 625B, respectively.

[0117] In the current embodiment, the inner component 627A includes a fin 630A extending from the body 628A, and the outer component 627B includes a fin 630B extending from the body 628B. The fin 630B is positioned to engage with the outer surfaces 638A, 638B of the ends 624A, 624B, and the fin 630A is positioned to engage with the inner surfaces 622A, 622B of the ends 624A, 624B.

[0118] Figure 10 In the example shown, structural elements 620A and 620B are shown as flat plates, with their outer surfaces 638A and 638B and inner surfaces 622A and 622B parallel to each other. Those skilled in the art will understand that connector 626 can be used to join structural elements that are not typically flat but curved. For curved structural elements, bodies 628A and 628B can be shaped accordingly.

[0119] It should be understood that heating elements (not shown) are provided to heat a section or portion of the inner component 627A (considered a first heating portion), a section or portion of the outer component 627B (considered a second heating portion), and a section or portion of the central portion 660 (considered a third heating portion) to the heat treatment temperature. The structural element also includes a heating region (considered a heating portion) that is heated to its heat treatment temperature. It should also be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 10 The heating element is omitted and the heating part is not labeled.

[0120] like Figure 10 As shown, for clarity, the gaps between the inner body 628A and the inner surfaces 622A and 622B, and between the outer body 628B and the outer surfaces 638A and 638B, are exaggerated.

[0121] When the corresponding heating portions are at their heat treatment temperature, the first and second structural elements 620A and 620B move toward each other in the directions indicated by arrows "6A1" and "6A2," causing end faces 625A and 625B to engage with the inner surfaces 662A and 662B of the central portion 660, respectively. Shortly thereafter, the inner and outer components 627A and 627B press inward, i.e., in the directions indicated by arrows "6B1" and "6B2." Once the fins 630A and 630B engage with the inner and outer surfaces 622A, 622B, 638A and 638B, and the inner and outer components 627A and 627B are pressed in the directions indicated by arrows "6B1" and "6B2," one or more of the connector 626 and structural elements 620A and 620B move relative to each other (e.g., through engagement movement), causing at least partial plastic deformation of the heating portions. As described above, the plastic deformation causes the bonding material to be sheared, thereby forming a metallurgical bond between the connector 626 and the ends 624A, 624B.

[0122] One or more of the structural elements 620A, 620B, the inner body and outer bodies 628A, 628B, and the central portion 660 may include one or more ramps. Once the connector 626 is engaged with the structural elements 620A, 620B, the ramps are formed to define one or more cavities into which at least a portion of deformable material can be extruded.

[0123] In another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 11 As illustrated, connector 726 includes an inner component 727A and an outer component 727B of different lengths. Connector 726 can be used, for example, when the exterior of a completed system (not shown) requires minimal obstruction (i.e., a streamlined exterior), but significant obstructions may exist inside the completed system. For example, connector 726 can be used when structural elements 720A and 720B constitute a vehicle shell. In this case, it is desirable for the outer component 727B to contain a body 728B of minimum or shorter length, while the inner component 727A can contain a body 728A of any suitable length. The inner and outer components are connected via a central portion 760.

[0124] like Figure 11 As shown, components 727A and 727B also include fins 730A and 730B mounted on their respective bodies 728A and 728B.

[0125] The outer surfaces of structural elements 720A and 720B are marked by reference numerals 738A and 738B, respectively. The inner surfaces of structural elements 720A and 720B are marked by reference numerals 722A and 722B, respectively.

[0126] The heating portions (not shown) of the inner and outer components, the central portion, and the ends 724A, 724B of the structural elements are heated to their heat processing temperature in an inert atmosphere by one or more heating elements (not shown). The heating portions include at least a portion of the fins 730A, 730B.

[0127] It should be understood that, for the sake of clarity of the illustration, Figure 11 The heating elements and heating parts are omitted. It should also be understood that, for clarity of illustration, the gaps between the body and the inner surfaces 722A, 722B and the outer surfaces 738A, 738B are exaggerated, and the lengths of the fins 730A, 730B are also exaggerated.

[0128] When the heated portions are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, the connector 726 engages with the ends 724A and 724B. In the engaged state, in the same or similar manner as described above, the connector and the ends are pressed against each other (e.g., by translational movement) and move relative to each other during the engagement movement. As described above, a material region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed.

[0129] It should be understood that one or more of the structural elements 720A, 720B, the inner body and the outer bodies 728A, 728B, and the central portion 760 may include one or more ramps. Once the connector 726 is engaged with the structural elements 720A, 720B, the ramps are formed to define one or more cavities into which at least a portion of the malleable material can be extruded.

[0130] exist Figure 12 and 13 In another alternative embodiment shown, connector 826 includes inner component 827 and central portion 860. As... Figure 12 As shown, two structural elements 820A and 820B are initially spaced apart, forming a gap between the end faces 825A and 825B of the ends 824A and 824B. The inner assembly 827 includes an inner body 828 and a plurality of or a group of fins 830 extending from the body to the inner surfaces 822A and 822B of the ends 824A and 824B.

[0131] like Figure 12 As shown, the central portion 860 includes inner surfaces 862A and 862B facing the end faces 825A and 825B respectively.

[0132] A heating element (not shown) is provided for heating (i) the sections of ends 824A and 824B (considered as the heating portions of ends 824A and 824B), (ii) the section of inner component 827 (considered as the heating portion of inner component 827), and (iii) the section of the central portion (considered as the heating portion of central portion 860) to their heat processing temperature.

[0133] When the heating elements are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, one or both structural elements 820A and 820B each move along... Figure 13 The middle arrows "8A1" and "8A2" indicate the direction of movement (translational movement), causing the end faces 825A and 825B to engage with the inner surfaces 862A and 862B of the central portion 860. At the same time, the connector 826 is pressed against the inner surfaces 822A and 822B in the direction indicated by arrow "8B" (engagement movement), causing the fins 830 to press against the inner surfaces 822A and 822B.

[0134] When the heated portions are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, and the connector 826 is engaged with the structural elements 820A and 820B in the manner described above, one or more of the connector 826 and the structural elements 820A and 820B move relative to the other, causing at least a portion of the heated portions to undergo shearing and plastic deformation. As described above, the result is a metallurgical bond between the structural elements and the connector.

[0135] In some embodiments, one or more of the structural elements 820A, 820B, body 828, and central portion 860 may include one or more ramps. Once the connector 826 is engaged with the structural elements 820A, 820B, the ramps are formed to define one or more cavities into which at least a portion of deformable material can be extruded.

[0136] In another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 14A and 14B As shown, internal and external connectors 926A and 926B can be used to join structural elements 920A and 920B. As described below, one or both of connectors 926A and 926B can be used. Figure 14A and 14B As shown, structural elements 920A and 920B are positioned to define a gap 952 therebetween; however, alternatively, structural elements 920A and 920B may engage with each other to close the gap 952.

[0137] like Figure 14A As shown, in one embodiment, each connector 926A, 926B includes a plurality of fins 930A, 930B. Figure 14A The length of the fins shown has been exaggerated for clarity.

[0138] Structural elements 920A and 920B are generally arcuate in shape. The inner connector 926A includes a body 928A shaped to fit the corresponding inner surfaces 922A and 922B of the structural elements 920A and 920B. Similarly, the outer connector 926B includes a body 928B shaped to fit the corresponding outer surfaces 938A and 938B of the structural elements 920A and 920B. In the current embodiment, each body 928A and 928B has surfaces 946A and 946B shaped to fit relatively tightly against the structural elements 920A and 920B. In some embodiments, each surface 946A and 946B is formed to accommodate fins pressed between the respective bodies 928A and 928B and the corresponding surfaces of the structural elements 920A and 920B. These fins are formed after the sections of the connectors and structural elements are heated to their respective heat-processing temperatures and subjected to at least one of translational and engagement movements.

[0139] In one embodiment, one or more heating elements (not shown) are positioned between connector 926A and inner surfaces 922A, 922B. Similarly, one or more heating elements (not shown) are positioned between connector 926B and outer surfaces 938A, 938B. The connector and at least a portion of the inner and outer surfaces 922A, 922B, 938A, 938B are preferably covered by an inert atmosphere. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 14A and 14B The heating element and the container used to hold the inert atmosphere in place are omitted.

[0140] The heating element is then energized, and sections or heating portions of connectors 926A and 926B are heated to the heat treatment temperature in an inert atmosphere. In one embodiment, the heating is achieved through induction. Preferably, the heating portions of the connectors respectively include at least a portion of fins 930A and 930B.

[0141] It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, the heating portions of structural elements 920A and 920B adjacent to the inner surfaces 922A and 922B, as well as the heating portions of structural elements 920A and 920B adjacent to the outer surfaces 938A and 938B, have been omitted.

[0142] When the heating portions 934A, 936A, and 936B are at their respective heat-working temperatures, the connector 926A engages with the inner surfaces 922A and 922B of the structural elements 920A and 920B. In a substantially similar manner to the above, during engagement, and when the heating portions 934A, 936A, and 936B are at their respective heat-working temperatures, an engagement movement is applied to the connector 926A, causing at least a portion of the material in the heating portions to undergo plastic deformation, and the heating portions 934A and 936A and 936B at least partially form a metallurgical bond. As described above, the engagement movement can be any movement of one or both of the connector and the structural element relative to the other. A recrystallized metal region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed in at least a portion of the heating portions. Surfaces 934A, 922A, and 922B are at least partially incorporated into this recrystallized region.

[0143] Similarly, when the heating portions 934B, 935A, and 935B are at their respective heat treatment temperatures, the connector 926B engages with the outer surfaces 938A and 938B. In a substantially similar manner as described above, during engagement, and when the heating portions 934B, 935A, and 935B are at their heat treatment temperatures, it is preferable to apply an engagement movement to the connector 926B, causing at least a portion of the material in the heating portions to undergo plastic deformation, resulting in at least a partial metallurgical bond between the heating portions 934B and 935A and 935B. As described above, a metallic region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed. Surfaces 934B, 938A, and 938B are at least partially incorporated into this recrystallized region.

[0144] like Figure 14B As shown, once connectors 926A and 926B are engaged with structural elements 920A and 920B, product 937 is formed. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 14B Fins 930A and 930B are omitted from the text.

[0145] In some embodiments, one or more of the structural elements 920A, 920B and the connector bodies 928A, 928B include one or more bevels. Once the connectors 926A, 926B are engaged with the structural elements 920A, 920B, the bevels are formed to define one or more cavities into which at least a portion of deformable plastic material can be extruded.

[0146] exist Figure 15A and 15B In another alternative embodiment shown, inner and outer connectors 1026A and 1026B can be used to join structural elements 1020A and 1020B. As described below, one or both of connectors 1026A and 1026B can be used. Figure 15A and 15B As shown, structural elements 1020A and 1020B can be positioned to define a gap 1052 therebetween; however, alternatively, structural elements 1020A and 1020B can be joined together to close the gap 1052.

[0147] like Figure 15A As shown, in one embodiment, each connector 1026A, 1026B includes a plurality of fins 1030A, 1030B. Figure 15A The length of the fins shown has been exaggerated for clarity.

[0148] Structural element 1020A is formed in a generally arc shape. However, in Figure 15A and 15B In the example shown, structural element 1020B is generally linear in shape. The end faces 1025A and 1025B of structural elements 1020A and 1020B define a gap 1052 therebetween. Connector 1026A includes a body 1028A shaped to fit the corresponding end faces 1025A and 1025B of structural elements 120A and 120B. Furthermore, connector 1026B includes a body 1028B shaped to fit the corresponding outer surfaces 1038A and 1038B of structural elements 1020A and 1020B.

[0149] Body 1028A includes one or more surfaces 1046A formed to mate with end faces 1025A, 1025B. Body 1028B has surface 1046B, shaped to fit relatively tightly with the outer surfaces 1038A, 1038B of structural elements 1020A, 1020B. Those skilled in the art will understand that when connectors 1026A, 1026B are engaged with structural elements 1020A, 1020B, surfaces 1046A, 1046B are formed to accommodate fins 1030A, 1030B.

[0150] As described above, in some embodiments, only the inner connector 1026A may be used to engage structural elements 1020A and 1020B. Alternatively, in other embodiments, only the outer connector 1026B may be used to engage structural elements 1020A and 1020B. However, in the following description, both connectors 1026A and 1026B are used to engage structural elements 1020A and 1020B.

[0151] In one embodiment, one or more heating elements (not shown) are positioned between connector 1026A and end faces 1025A, 1025B. Similarly, one or more heating elements (not shown) are positioned between connector 1026B and outer surfaces 1038A, 1038B. The connector, end faces 1025A, 1025B, and at least a portion of the outer surfaces 1038A, 1038B are preferably covered by an inert atmosphere. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 15A and 15B The heating element and the container used to hold the inert atmosphere in place are omitted.

[0152] The heating element is then energized to heat sections of connectors 1025A and 1026B (considered as heating portions 1034A and 1034B of the connectors in an inert atmosphere) to their heat treatment temperature, for example by induction heating. Heating portions 1034A and 1034B each include at least a portion of fins 1030A and 1030B.

[0153] Other heating portions (also referred to as structural element heating portions) of structural elements 1020A and 1020B are also heated to their heat treatment temperature in an inert atmosphere by energized heating elements. The heating portions of structural elements 1020A and 1020B adjacent to end faces 1025A and 1025B are indicated by reference numerals 1036A and 1036B, respectively. The heating portions of structural elements 1020A and 1020B adjacent to outer surfaces 1038A and 1038B are indicated by reference numerals 1035A and 1035B, respectively. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 15A The extent of the heating section is exaggerated. When the heating section is at its heat treatment temperature, it can undergo plastic deformation.

[0154] When the heated portions 1034A, 1036A, and 1036B are at their heat treatment temperatures, the connector 1026A moves in the direction indicated by arrow "10A" (which can be considered a translational motion) and engages with the end faces 1025A and 1025B of the structural elements 1020A and 1020B. In a substantially similar manner to the above, during engagement, and when the heated portions 1034A, 1036A, and 1036B are at their heat treatment temperatures, an engagement movement is applied to the connector 1026A, causing at least a portion of the material in the heated portions to undergo plastic deformation, and the heated portions 1034A and 1036A and 1036B at least partially form a metallurgical bond. As described above, a recrystallized metal region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed. Surfaces 1046A, 1022A, and 1022B are at least partially integrated into this recrystallized region.

[0155] Similarly, when the heated portions 1034B, 1035A, and 1035B are at their heat treatment temperatures, the connector 1026B moves toward surfaces 1038A and 1038B of the structural elements 1020A and 1020B until the connector 1026B engages with the outer surfaces 1038A and 1038B. In a substantially similar manner as described above, during engagement, and when the heated portions 1034B, 1035A, and 1035B are at their heat treatment temperatures, an engagement movement is applied to the connector 1026B, causing at least a portion of the material in the heated portions to undergo plastic deformation, and the heated portions 1034B and 1035A and 1035B at least partially form a metallurgical bond. As described above, a metallic region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed. Surfaces 1046B, 1038A, and 1038B are at least partially incorporated into this recrystallized region.

[0156] Structural elements 1020A and 1020B can have different thicknesses and can be made of different materials, which means that the heat treatment temperature of their respective heating parts can be different.

[0157] like Figure 15B As shown, once the connectors 1026A and 1026B are joined with the structural elements 1020A and 1020B, product 1037 is formed.

[0158] It should also be understood that one or more of the structural elements 1020A, 1020B and the connector bodies 1028A, 1028B may include one or more ramps. Once the connectors 1026A, 1026B are engaged with the structural elements 1020A, 1020B, the ramps are formed to define one or more cavities into which at least a portion of the malleable material can be extruded.

[0159] In another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 16A and 16BAs shown schematically, connector 1126 can engage with structural element 1120. Connector 1126 includes a body 1128 and a plurality or a group of fins 1130 protruding from the body 1128. For clarity, Figure 16A The length of the fins shown has been exaggerated.

[0160] In Figure 16 and Figure 16B In one embodiment, structural element 1120 includes a recess 1170 defined by one or more sidewalls 1172 and an endwall 1174. For example... Figure 16A and 16B As shown, the body 1128 of the connector 1126 includes a formed portion 1175 having a tapered wall 1176 and an end wall 1178. The tapered wall 1176 is formed to adapt the formed portion 1175 and its fins 1130 to the recess 1170. Preferably, when the formed portion 1175 is fully received within the recess 1170, a small gap 1171 is defined between the end wall 1178 and the end wall 1174 of the recess. Figure 16B ).

[0161] In one embodiment, structural element 1120 may include one or more fins 1131, which may be mounted, for example, on sidewall 1172 and / or endwall 1174.

[0162] One or more heating elements (not shown) are positioned between the connector 1126 and the (multiple) sidewalls 1172 and endwalls 1174. The formed portion 1175, sidewalls 1172, and endwalls 1174 are covered by an inert atmosphere. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 16A and 16B The heating element and the container used to hold the inert atmosphere are omitted.

[0163] The heating element is then energized, and a section of connector 1126 (considered the heated portion of the connector) is heated to the heat treatment temperature in an inert atmosphere. The heated portion includes at least a portion of the fins 1130. It is also preferable to use a heating element ( Figure 16A , 16B (Not shown) At least partially positioned within the socket 1170 to heat a portion of the sidewall 1172 (considered the heated portion of the structural element) and a portion of the endwall 1174. It should be understood that the heated portion is heated to a hot working temperature at which it can undergo plastic deformation.

[0164] When the heating part is at its heat treatment temperature, the connector 1126 is pushed into the socket 1170, that is, along... Figure 16BThe direction indicated by the middle arrow "11A" is, for example, through translational movement. In a substantially similar manner to the above, during engagement, and when the heated portion is at the heat treatment temperature, an engagement movement is applied to the connector 1126, causing at least a portion of the material in the heated portion to undergo plastic deformation. As described above, the engagement movement can be any movement of one or both of the connector and the structural element relative to the other. Preferably, while applying the engagement movement to the connector 1126, the connector 1126 is pressed against the structural element 1120 in the direction indicated by arrow "11A".

[0165] When the body is at the heat treatment temperature, the heated portion of the formed part 1175 of the body 1128 engages with the heated portion of the sidewall 1172, causing at least partial plastic deformation of the heated portion. As described above, due to this plastic deformation, a recrystallized metal region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed. The surfaces of the sidewalls 1172 and 1176 are at least partially integrated into this recrystallized region.

[0166] like Figure 16B As shown, once connector 1126 is engaged with structural element 1120, product 1137 is formed. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 16B Fins 1130 and 1131 are omitted.

[0167] It should also be understood that one or more of the structural element 1120 and the connector body 1128 may include one or more cavities 1142, which are positioned and sized such that at least a portion of the malleable material can be squeezed into the cavity 1142 when the connector 1126 engages with the structural element 1120.

[0168] exist Figure 17A and 17B In another alternative embodiment shown, connector 1226 may engage with structural element 1220. Connector 1226 includes body 1228.

[0169] like Figure 17A As shown, in one embodiment, the connector 1226 includes a plurality of fins 1230 protruding from the body 1228. For clarity, Figure 17A The length of the fins shown has been exaggerated.

[0170] Structural element 1220 includes a recess 1270 defined by one or more walls 1272 and a circular end wall 1274. For example... Figure 17A and 17BAs shown, the body 1228 of the connector 1226 includes a formed portion 1275, which has one or more walls 1276 and a circular end wall 1278. Preferably, the walls 1276 and the end wall 1274 are formed such that the formed portion 1275 and the fins 1230 thereon are adapted to fit within the socket 1270. Preferably, when the formed portion 1275 is fully received within the socket 1270, a small gap 1271 is defined between the connector end wall 1278 and the socket end wall 1274. Figure 17B ).

[0171] In one embodiment, structural element 1220 may include one or more fins 1231, which may be mounted or integrated onto, for example, wall 1272 and / or socket end wall 1274.

[0172] One or more heating elements (not shown) are positioned between the connector 1226 and the sidewall(s) 1272 and the end wall 1274. The forming portion 1275, the walls 1272, and the end wall 1274 are preferably covered by an inert atmosphere. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 17A and 17B The heating element and the container used to hold the inert atmosphere are omitted.

[0173] The heating element is then energized, and a section of connector 1226 (considered the heated portion of the connector) is heated to the heat treatment temperature in an inert atmosphere. The heated portion typically includes at least a portion of fins 1230. It is also preferable to use a heating element (… Figure 17A , 17B (Not shown) At least partially positioned within the socket 1270 to heat a portion of the wall 1272 and a portion of the end wall 1274. It should be understood that the heated portions are heated to a heat-working temperature at which they can undergo plastic deformation.

[0174] When the heating part is at its heat treatment temperature, the connector 1226 is pushed into the socket 1270, that is, along... Figure 17B The direction indicated by the middle arrow "12A". In a manner substantially the same as described above, during engagement, and when the heated portion is at its heat-processing temperature, an engagement movement is applied to the connector 1226, causing at least a portion of the material in the heated portion to undergo plastic deformation. As mentioned above, the engagement movement can be any movement of one or both of the connector and the structural element relative to the other. Preferably, while applying the engagement movement to the connector 1226, the connector 1226 is pressed against the structural element 1220 in the direction indicated by arrow "12A".

[0175] When the body is at the hot working temperature, the heated portion of the formed part 1275 of the body 1228 engages with the heated portion of the wall 1272, causing at least partial plastic deformation of the heated portion. As described above, due to this plastic deformation, a recrystallized metal region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed. The surfaces of the walls 1272 and 1276 are at least partially integrated into this recrystallized region.

[0176] like Figure 17B As shown, once connector 1226 is engaged with structural element 1220, product 1237 is formed. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 17B Fins 1230 and 1231 are omitted.

[0177] It should also be understood that one or more of the structural element 1220 and the connector body 1228 may include one or more cavities 1242. The cavity 1242 is positioned and sized such that at least a portion of the deformable material can be extruded into the cavity 1242 when the connector 1226 engages with the structural element 1220. Figure 17A , 17B ).

[0178] In another alternative embodiment, such as Figures 18A-18C As shown schematically, connector 1326 can engage with structural element 1320. Connector 1326 preferably includes body 1328.

[0179] like Figure 18A As shown, in one embodiment, the connector 1326 includes a plurality or a group of fins 1330 protruding from the body 1328. For clarity, Figure 18A The length of the fins shown has been exaggerated.

[0180] Structural element 1320 comprises multiple plates 1380 of metal or any other suitable material, which have been fixed together to form a truncated cone. When connector 1326 is fixed to the respective upper ends 1382 of each plate, the plates 1380 will partially engage with connector 1326.

[0181] First, one or more heating elements 1332 are positioned between the connector 1326 and the upper end 1382 of the plate 1380. The connector 1326 and the upper end 1382 are preferably covered by an inert atmosphere. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figures 18A-18C The container used to hold the inert atmosphere is omitted from the text.

[0182] The heating element is then energized, heating a section of connector 1326 (considered the heated portion of the connector) to a heat treatment temperature in an inert atmosphere. The heated portion includes at least a portion of fins 1330. It is also preferable to position the heating element as a section or portion of the sheet metal 1380 (which can be considered a heated portion of the structural element). It should be understood that the heated portion is heated to a heat treatment temperature at which it can undergo plastic deformation.

[0183] When the heating element is at its heat treatment temperature, remove the heating element 1332 and push the connector 1326 onto the upper end 1382, i.e., along... Figure 18C The direction indicated by the middle arrow "13A". Generally, in a manner largely the same as described above, during engagement, and when the heated portion is at a heat treatment temperature, it is preferable to apply an engagement movement to the connector 1326, causing at least a portion of the material in the heated portion to undergo plastic deformation. As mentioned above, the engagement movement can be any movement of one or both of the connector and the structural element relative to the other. Preferably, while applying the engagement movement to the connector 1326, the connector 1326 is pressed against the structural element 1320 in the direction indicated by arrow "13A".

[0184] When the heat treatment temperature is reached, the heated portion of connector 1326 engages with the heated portion of upper end 1382, causing at least partial plastic deformation of its heated portion. As described above, due to this plastic deformation, a recrystallized metal region with a relatively fine-grained microstructure is formed. The engagement surface of connector body 1328 and plate 1380 is at least partially integrated into this recrystallized region.

[0185] like Figure 18C As shown, once connector 1326 is engaged with structural element 1320, product 1337 is formed. It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 18C The fins are omitted.

[0186] It should also be understood that one or more of the structural element 1320 and the connector body 1328 may include one or more ramps. The ramps are formed to define one or more cavities, allowing at least a portion of the malleable material to be extruded once the connector 1326 engages with the structural element 1320. Figure 17A , 17B ).

[0187] like Figure 19A As shown, structure 1402 includes an upper plate and lower plates 1404 and 1406, and several I-beams or columns placed therebetween. For convenience, Figure 19A The I-beams or supports shown are identified by reference numerals 1408A, 1408B, and 1408C. It should be understood that the supports may have any suitable shape and are not necessarily I-beams.

[0188] Figure 19A Multiple connectors 1426 are shown, each positioned adjacent to a support post. Each connector 1426 preferably includes a body 1428 and fins 1430 extending from the body 1428. For clarity, Figure 19A Only one of the connectors is indicated by a reference mark.

[0189] First, the connector is positioned so as to (i) heat it, and (ii) engage it with the corresponding support post and a portion of the plate adjacent to the support post. Figure 19A ).

[0190] It should be understood that a heating element (not shown) is provided for heating the connecting parts and the support column. Figure 19A (Not shown in the diagram) and the heating portions of the upper and lower plates 1404 and 1406 are heated to their respective heat treatment temperatures, at which the heating portions may undergo plastic deformation. It should also be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 19A The heating element is omitted.

[0191] At least the heating section is covered by an inert (non-oxidizing) atmosphere, which is maintained in place by the container. For clarity of illustration, Figure 19A The inert atmosphere and its container are also omitted.

[0192] Next, the heating element can be used to heat the heating portion using any suitable technology, such as induction heating.

[0193] Once the heated portion of the connector and the support, as well as the heated portion of the plate adjacent to the support, reach their heat treatment temperature, a translational movement is applied to the connector to move it, thereby engaging the heated portion of the connector with the heated portion of the support and the heated portion of the plate adjacent to the support. In one embodiment, once engaged, it is preferable to move the connector relative to the support and the plate to subject the plastically deformable heated portion to shearing action. (Alternatively, the engaging movement can be applied to the connector before engagement.) As described above, due to the shearing action of the plastically deformable material (metal), at least a portion of the heated portion recrystallizes, forming a recrystallized metal region with a generally uniform grain size microstructure. The recrystallized metal region extends into the area previously occupied by the heated portion. The initially engaged surface is at least partially incorporated into the recrystallized material region.

[0194] For example Figure 19B As shown, this depicts the state after the connector is engaged with the support column 1408B and the lower plate 1406. For convenience, Figure 19B The connectors shown are indicated by reference numerals 1426A and 1426B. For clarity, their fins are shown... Figure 19B The middle part is omitted.

[0195] Figure 19B In the diagram, the heating portions of connectors 1426A and 1426B and support column 1408B are indicated by reference numerals 1434A and 1434B and 1436A and 1436B, respectively. The heating portions of the lower plate are indicated by reference numerals 1437A and 1437B, respectively. Figure 19B ).

[0196] like Figure 19A As shown, the body of the connector is formed to fit the support column 1408B and the lower plate 1406. The body 1428 includes an integrally formed first portion 1484 and a second portion 1485. The first and second portions 1484 and 1485 are respectively formed to substantially engage with the support column and the plate while the fins are pressed between the body and the support column and between the body and the plate.

[0197] Once engaged, and while the heated portion is at its heat treatment temperature, it is preferable to move the connectors 1426A and 1426B relative to the support and lower plate. The malleable material in the heated portion then undergoes shearing action, thereby engaging the connectors with the support and plate as described above.

[0198] like Figure 20 As shown, the result of the above process is that the support column is joined to the upper and lower plates 1404 and 1406 via connectors. For convenience, Figure 20 The central pillars are indicated by reference numerals 1408A, 1408B and 1408C.

[0199] Figure 21 A partial side view of support column 1408B and longitudinal sectional views of the upper and lower plates 1404 and 1406 are provided. Figure 21 As shown, preferably, the connectors engage the support column 1408B with the upper and lower plates 1404 and 1406 at intervals, so that the connectors are spaced apart from each other. For convenience, the connectors that engage the support column 1408B with the upper plate 1404 are... Figure 21 Reference mark 1426 u -1, 1426 u -2, 1426 u -3 and 1426 u -4 is indicated. Meanwhile, the connector that joins the support column 1408B to the lower plate 1406 is... Figure 21 Reference mark 1426 L -1, 1426 L -2, 1426 L -3 and 1426 L -4 indicates.

[0200] like Figure 22AAs shown, structure 1502 includes an upper plate and lower plates 1504 and 1506, and several I-beams or columns placed therebetween. For convenience, Figure 22A The I-beams or supports shown are designated by reference numerals 1508A, 1508B, and 1508C. It should be understood that the supports may have any suitable shape and are not necessarily I-beams.

[0201] like Figure 22A As shown, plates 1504 and 1506 both have a generally convex profile. It should be understood that the process of joining the support to the upper and lower plates is largely similar to the process described above. Figure 19A-21 The process of joining the support to the non-bending upper and lower plates.

[0202] Figure 22A Multiple connectors 1526 are shown, each positioned adjacent to a support post. Each connector 1526 includes a body 1528 and fins 1530 extending from the body 1528. For clarity, Figure 22A Only one of the connectors is indicated by a reference mark.

[0203] First, the connector is positioned so as to (i) heat it, and (ii) engage it with the corresponding support post and a portion of the plate adjacent to the support post. Figure 22A ).

[0204] It should be understood that a heating element (not shown) is provided for heating the connecting parts and the support column. Figure 22A (Not shown in the diagram) and the heating portions of the upper and lower plates 1504 and 1506 are heated to the hot working temperature, at which the heating portions can undergo plastic deformation. It should also be understood that, for clarity of illustration, Figure 22A The heating element is omitted.

[0205] The heating element is covered by an inert (non-oxidizing) atmosphere, which is maintained in place by the container. For clarity, Figure 22A The inert atmosphere and its container are also omitted.

[0206] Next, the heating element heats the heating portion using any suitable technology, such as induction heating.

[0207] Once the connector, the support column, and the heated portion of the plate adjacent to the support column reach the heat treatment temperature, it is preferable to apply a translational movement to the connector, thereby engaging the heated portion of the connector with the heated portion of the support column and the heated portion of the plate adjacent to the support column. In one embodiment, once engaged, it is preferable to move the connector relative to the support column and the plate, subjecting the plastically deformable heated portion to shear forces. (Alternatively, the engagement movement can be applied to the connector before engagement.) As described above, due to the shear forces of the plastically deformable material (metal), at least a portion of the heated portion recrystallizes, forming a recrystallized metal region with a generally uniform grain size microstructure. The recrystallized metal region extends into the area previously occupied by the heated portion. The initially engaged surfaces are at least partially integrated into the recrystallized material region.

[0208] For example Figure 22B As shown, this depicts the state after the connector is engaged with the support column 1508B and the lower plate 1506. For convenience, Figure 22B The connectors shown are indicated by reference numerals 1526A and 1526B. For clarity, their fins are shown... Figure 22B The middle part is omitted.

[0209] Figure 22B In the diagram, the heating portions of connectors 1526A and 1526B and support column 1508B are indicated by reference numerals 1534A and 1534B and 1536A and 1536B, respectively. The heating portions of the lower plate are indicated by reference numerals 1537A and 1537B, respectively. Figure 22B ).

[0210] like Figure 22A As shown, the body of the connector is preferably formed to fit the support column 1508B and the lower plate 1506. The body 1528 includes an integrally formed first portion 1584 and a second portion 1585. Preferably, the first and second portions 1584 and 1585 are respectively formed to substantially engage with the support column and the plate while the fins are pressed between the body and the support column and between the body and the plate.

[0211] Once engaged, and while the heated portion is at its heat treatment temperature, the connectors 1526A and 1526B are moved relative to the support column and the lower plate. The malleable material in the heated portion then undergoes shearing action, thereby engaging the connectors with the support column and the plate as described above.

[0212] like Figure 23 As shown, the result of the above process is that the support column is joined to the upper and lower plates 1504 and 1506 via connectors. For convenience, Figure 23 The central pillars are indicated by reference numerals 1508A, 1508B, and 1508C.

[0213] Figure 24 A partial side view of support column 1508B, as well as longitudinal sectional views of the upper and lower plates 1504 and 1506, are provided. Figure 24 As shown, preferably, the connectors engage the support column 1508B with the upper and lower plates 1504 and 1506 at intervals, so that the connectors are spaced apart from each other. For convenience, the connectors that engage the support column 1508B with the upper plate 1504 are... Figure 24 Reference mark 1526 u -1, 1526 u -2, 1526 u -3 and 1526 u -4 is indicated. Simultaneously, the connector that joins the support column 1508B to the lower plate 1506 is... Figure 24 Reference mark 1526 L -1, 1526 L -2, 1526 L -3 and 1526 L -4 indicates.

[0214] like Figure 25 As shown, structure 1602 includes an upper plate and lower plates 1604 and 1606, and a support column 1608 placed therebetween. Figure 25 This is a longitudinal sectional view of structure 1602, including a side view of support column 1608. Preferably, connectors join support column 1608 to upper and lower plates 1604, 1606.

[0215] Depend on Figure 25 As can be seen, the upper and lower plates 1604 and 1606 have parallel, generally convex profiles in the longitudinal direction (i.e., parallel to the direction of the supports). It should be understood that structure 1602 includes some supports placed between the upper and lower plates 1604 and 1606, and support 1608 is representative.

[0216] The connectors interlock with the upper and lower plates 1604 and 1606 at intervals. For convenience, the connectors that interlock with the upper plate 1604 are positioned at intervals. Figure 25 Reference mark 1626 u -1, 1626 u -2, 1626 u -3 and 1626 u -4 is indicated. Simultaneously, the connector that joins the support column 1608 to the lower plate 1606 is... Figure 25 Reference mark 1626 L -1, 1626 L -2, 1626 L -3 and 1626 L -4 indicates.

[0217] It should be understood that the support can have any suitable shape and is not necessarily an I-beam.

[0218] It should also be understood that the process of attaching the strut to the upper and lower plates is largely similar to the process of attaching the strut to other upper and lower plates as described above.

[0219] Figure 25 The image shows the state after the connector has been joined to the support column 1608 and the upper and lower plates.

[0220] As described above, due to the shearing action of the plastically deformable material (metal), at least a portion of the heated portion recrystallizes, forming a recrystallized metal region with a generally uniform grain size microstructure. The recrystallized metal region extends into the area originally occupied by the heated portion. The initially joined surfaces are at least partially integrated into the recrystallized material region.

[0221] In summary, the embodiments of the method of the present invention have the following advantages.

[0222] 1. The method described herein can be implemented without the need for a qualified welder.

[0223] 2. The method embodiments described above can be largely automated, thereby improving the reliability of the process products.

[0224] 3. The integrity of the final product can be recorded electronically.

[0225] Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention may take many forms, and all such forms fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the claims should not be limited to the preferred embodiments listed in the examples, but should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense based on the overall description.

Claims

1. A method comprising: A pair of structural elements are provided, each of which includes an end, and the ends of the pair of structural elements are disposed opposite to each other. At least one connector is provided, each of the at least one connector comprising a body portion, wherein the body portion is disposed adjacent to the respective ends of the pair of structural elements; An inert atmosphere is provided to cover the connector and the respective ends of the pair of structural elements; The connecting section of the at least one connector is heated to the hot working temperature of the connector, and the structural element section at the end is heated to the hot working temperature of the structural element. The at least one connector and at least one selected element of the pair of structural elements are subjected to translational movement so that the at least one connector engages with the inner or outer surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements. One or more of the at least one connector and at least one of the pair of structural elements are subjected to an engagement movement in which the at least one connector and at least one of the pair of structural elements move relative to the other; as well as The at least one connector is pressed against the inner or outer surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements to engage the at least one connector to the end of the corresponding structural element.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector further includes: A plurality of fins are provided on the body portion of each of the at least one connector for at least partial engagement with the inner surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector further includes: A plurality of fins are provided on the body portion of each of the at least one connector for at least partial engagement with the outer surface of the respective end of the pair of structural elements.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Heating the connector's connecting section to the connector's heat treatment temperature and heating the structural element section at the end of the connector to the structural element's heat treatment temperature include: At least one heating element is provided near the end of the at least one connector and the pair of structural elements; Energize at least one heating element to heat the heating section of the connector and the heating section of the structural element; and Remove at least one heating element.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each end of the pair of structural elements includes a bevel, thereby forming a cavity when the ends are engaged, such that the heating section of the connector is squeezed into the cavity during the application of translational and / or engagement movements.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Providing at least one connector includes providing at least two connectors.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: An intermediate element is inserted between the at least two connectors to seal the gap between the at least two connectors.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Pressing the at least one connector against the inner or outer surface of each end of the pair of structural elements to engage the at least one connector to the end of the respective structural element includes: The at least one connector is pressed against both the inner and outer surfaces of the respective ends of the pair of structural elements to engage the at least one connector to the end of the corresponding structural element.

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