Desertification area water and soil conservation and ecological restoration comprehensive management method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of desertification area water and soil conservation and ecological restoration comprehensive management method.Desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems facing the world, resulting in land productivity decline, available land resources decrease.The present application includes preliminary investigation and regional division;In the core desertification area, a composite sand barrier system is constructed;In the core desertification area, as well as the transition zone, edge protection zone, the whole domain is treated for soil improvement;Vegetation construction;Ecological maintenance and monitoring.The present application formulates differentiated management programs for different desertification degrees of the region, realizes the whole-process management from shifting sand fixation to ecological system reconstruction, effectively solves the problem of single management and short-term effect of existing methods, and improves the stability and sustainability of management effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological environment governance technology, specifically relating to a comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas. Background Technology

[0002] Desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems facing the world. It not only leads to a decline in land productivity and a reduction in usable land resources, but also triggers natural disasters such as sandstorms, seriously threatening ecological security and human survival and development. Currently, desertification control methods mainly include single or combined models such as engineering desertification control, biological desertification control, and chemical desertification control.

[0003] Among them, engineering-based desertification control, such as straw checkerboard sand barriers and sand walls, can play a role in sand fixation in the short term, but it has problems such as high material consumption, high maintenance costs, and poor adaptability to the ecological environment, making it difficult to achieve long-term and stable desertification control effects. Biological desertification control achieves sand fixation and ecological restoration by planting drought-resistant vegetation, but traditional biological desertification control models have defects such as low vegetation survival rate, unreasonable vegetation configuration, and slow ecosystem construction, especially in extremely arid desertified areas where vegetation is difficult to take root and survive. Chemical desertification control fixes shifting sand by spraying sand-fixing agents and other chemical materials, but it may pollute the soil and groundwater, and the sand fixation effect is not sustainable, which does not conform to the concept of ecological and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas, which enables long-term ecological restoration of desertified areas and improves the stability and sustainability of the management effect.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas includes the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary research and regional division; Step Two: Construct a composite sand barrier system in the core desertification area; Step 3: Soil improvement treatment will be carried out throughout the core desertification area, as well as the transition area and the edge protection area; Step 4: Vegetation establishment; Step 5: Ecological maintenance and monitoring.

[0006] Furthermore, step one specifically includes: Step 1.1: Conduct field surveys of desertification control areas, collect soil samples, monitor meteorological data, and investigate topography and groundwater distribution; Step 1.2: Based on the survey results, the treatment area is divided into a core desertification area, a transition area, and a peripheral protection area. The core desertification area is a concentrated distribution area of ​​shifting sand with a soil sand content ≥85%. The transition area is a buffer zone between the core desertification area and the peripheral protection area with a soil sand content of 60-85%. The peripheral protection area is the outer boundary area of ​​the treatment area with a soil sand content <60%.

[0007] Furthermore, step two specifically includes: Step 2.1: Lay the main sand barrier along the prevailing wind direction. The main sand barrier adopts a straw-geogrid composite structure. The straw is inserted into the sand layer at intervals, and the geogrid is laid on top of the straw sand barrier. The geogrid and the straw sand barrier are fixedly connected by U-shaped nails. Step 2.2: Lay secondary sand barriers between the main sand barriers. The secondary sand barriers are made of biodegradable fiber mesh, and the edges of the biodegradable fiber mesh are fixed in the sand layer with U-shaped nails. Step 2.3: After the composite sand barrier system is laid, spray microbial sand-fixing agents into the sand barrier.

[0008] Furthermore, step three specifically includes: Step 3.1: Apply the modified matrix; Step 3.2: Deep tillage and loosening of the soil. Use deep tillage machinery to mix the improved substrate and the topsoil evenly.

[0009] Furthermore, step four specifically includes: In the core desertification area, drought-resistant and barren-tolerant shrubs and herbaceous plants are selected. The shrubs are sea buckthorn and Artemisia arenaria; the herbaceous plants are Alternanthera philoxeroides and Leymus chinensis. In the transition area, a mixed planting of shrubs Salix matsudana and Amorpha fruticosa is used. In the edge protection area, a mixed forest belt of trees, shrubs and grasses is constructed. The trees are Pinus sylvestris, the shrubs are Amorpha fruticosa and sea buckthorn, and the herbaceous plants are alfalfa. After planting, drip irrigation is carried out on all vegetation to keep it moist.

[0010] Furthermore, step five specifically includes: Regularly inspect the vegetation growth; repair the composite sand barriers in the core desertification area after each rainy season; establish a long-term monitoring system; and set up ecological fences in the treatment area.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 3.1, the improved substrate includes, by weight, 30-40 parts of well-rotted sheep manure, 20-30 parts of humus, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 5-10 parts of bentonite, and 5-8 parts of biochar.

[0012] Further, in step 2.3, the microbial sand-fixing agent includes Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the agent concentration is... CFU / mL.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) This invention adopts a full-chain collaborative governance model of "preliminary investigation and regional division - sand fixation and foundation building - soil improvement - vegetation construction - ecological maintenance". It formulates differentiated governance plans for areas with different degrees of desertification, realizes the whole process of governance from shifting sand fixation to ecosystem reconstruction, effectively solves the problems of single governance and short-term effect of existing methods, and improves the stability and sustainability of governance effect. 2) The straw-geogrid-biodegradable fiber net composite sand barrier system constructed in the core desertification area of ​​this invention, combined with microbial sand-fixing agents, has the advantages of both mechanical and biological sand fixation. It can not only quickly fix shifting sand and reduce wind speed, but also improve the sand layer structure and enhance the sand layer's water and fertilizer retention capacity through the metabolic activities of microorganisms. Moreover, the straw and biodegradable fiber net can be naturally degraded and will not cause environmental pollution, thus solving the defects of traditional engineering sand control materials such as pollution and high maintenance costs. 3) The soil improvement project of this invention uses natural organic substrates such as decomposed sheep manure and humus, which can not only increase the soil organic matter content and fertility, but also improve the soil structure and enhance the soil water retention capacity, providing a good soil environment for vegetation growth, effectively improving the vegetation survival rate, and solving the problem of low vegetation survival rate in traditional biological sand control. 4) This invention adopts a three-dimensional vegetation configuration pattern of "tree-shrub-grass" according to different site conditions in different regions, selects drought-resistant vegetation with strong adaptability, constructs a multi-layered and stable vegetation community, improves vegetation coverage and the ecosystem's resistance to disturbance, and further ensures the growth and survival of vegetation through drip irrigation and root covering measures. 5) By establishing a long-term ecological monitoring system and ecological maintenance measures, this invention enables real-time tracking and dynamic adjustment of the governance effect. At the same time, through ecological fencing and rodent control, it effectively protects the governance results and avoids the rebound of the governance effect, thus providing a guarantee for the long-term ecological restoration of desertified areas. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the core sand barrier system structure in the desertification area of ​​this invention. In the diagram, 1 is the main sand barrier straw; 2 is the U-shaped nail; 3 is the main sand barrier geogrid; 4 is the biodegradable fiber mesh secondary sand barrier; and 5 is the microbial sand-fixing agent. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] This invention achieves long-term ecological restoration of desertified areas and enhances the stability and sustainability of governance results through a synergistic approach encompassing "sand fixation and foundation building - soil improvement - vegetation construction - ecological maintenance".

[0017] The present invention provides a comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary research and regional division; specifically: Step 1.1: Conduct field surveys of desertification control areas, collect soil samples, monitor meteorological data such as water volume, wind speed, and temperature, and investigate topography and groundwater distribution; Step 1.2: Based on the survey results, the treatment area is divided into a core desertification area, a transition area, and a peripheral protection area. The core desertification area is a concentrated distribution area of ​​shifting sand with a soil sand content ≥85%. The transition area is a buffer zone between the core desertification area and the peripheral protection area with a soil sand content of 60-85%. The peripheral protection area is the outer boundary area of ​​the treatment area with a soil sand content <60%.

[0018] Step Two: Construct a composite sand barrier system in the core desertification area; specifically including: Step 2.1: Lay the main sand barrier along the prevailing wind direction. The main sand barrier adopts a straw-geogrid composite structure. The straw is selected from wheat straw or corn straw, cut into sections with a length of 60-80cm, and inserted into the sand layer at a row spacing of 2-3m and a column spacing of 1.5-2m, with an insertion depth of 30-40cm and a height of 30-40cm above the sand surface. Then, lay the geogrid on top of the straw sand barrier. The geogrid and the straw sand barrier are fixedly connected by U-shaped nails with a spacing of 50-60cm between the U-shaped nails. Step 2.2: Lay secondary sand barriers between the main sand barriers. The secondary sand barriers are made of biodegradable fiber netting and are laid at a row spacing of 1-1.5m. The edges of the biodegradable fiber netting are fixed in the sand layer with U-shaped nails, with an insertion depth of 15-20cm. Step 2.3: After the composite sand barrier system is laid, spray a microbial sand-fixing agent into the sand barrier; the spraying amount is 20-30 L / m², and the microbial sand-fixing agent includes Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the agent concentration is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 -5×10 9CFU / mL. This invention's bacterial agent is a precise blend of three functionally complementary bacterial strains: *Bacillus coagulans* primarily enhances stress resistance and assists in sand binding, improving the survival rate of the agent in high-temperature, drought, and barren sandy environments; *Bacillus mucilaginosus* serves as the core binding strain, secreting highly viscous extracellular polysaccharides and organic acids, acting as the core carrier for sand grain binding; and nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide nutrients, converting atmospheric molecular nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen to replenish the sand layer. The three are blended in a 3:2:1 mass ratio, ensuring both the proportion of the core binding strain and balancing stress resistance and nutrient supply functions, while avoiding competition between strains.

[0019] Step 3: One to two weeks after the completion of the composite sand barrier construction in the core desertification area, and throughout the transition and edge protection areas, soil improvement treatment will be carried out; specifically: Step 3.1: Apply the improved substrate; the improved substrate, by weight, includes: 30-40 parts of well-rotted sheep manure, 20-30 parts of humus, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 5-10 parts of bentonite, and 5-8 parts of biochar. The application rate of the improved substrate is 5-8 kg / m² in the core desertification zone, 3-5 kg / m² in the transition zone, and 2-3 kg / m² in the edge protection zone. In this invention, the substrate is precisely proportioned by weight: 30-40 parts of well-rotted sheep manure as the core, 20-30 parts of humus as the connecting element, 10-15 parts of fly ash + 5-10 parts of bentonite as the framework, and 5-8 parts of biochar as the synergist. The proportions of each component balance nutrient supply intensity, structural stability, and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and a positive synergistic effect is formed between the raw materials. Organic fertilizer provides a binding carrier for inorganic minerals, inorganic minerals lock in nutrients for organic fertilizer, and biochar amplifies the water and fertilizer retention and slow-release effects of both, avoiding the improvement defects caused by an imbalance in the proportion of a single component. The three components work synergistically to achieve rapid supply of fast-acting nutrients and long-term release of slow-acting nutrients, avoiding the nutrient leaching and loss problems of existing pure organic fertilizer substrates. After improvement, the effective nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the sand layer increases by more than 60%, and the nutrient slow-release period can reach 6-12 months. This provides a continuous and stable nutrient supply for the establishment and propagation of sand-fixing bacteria and the rooting and growth of sand-fixing plants, eliminating the need for frequent fertilizer application and reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0020] Step 3.2: Deep tillage and loosening of the soil. Use deep tillage machinery to mix the improved substrate with the topsoil evenly. After tilling to a depth of 20-30cm, use a roller to lightly compact the soil to prevent it from becoming loose.

[0021] Step 4: Vegetation establishment; specifically: Based on the site conditions of different regions, a three-dimensional vegetation configuration pattern of "tree-shrub-grass" is adopted for vegetation planting; a) Core desertification area: Select drought-resistant and barren-tolerant shrubs and herbaceous plants. For shrubs, choose sea buckthorn and Artemisia arenaria, and plant them at a spacing of 1.5×2m. The planting pit should be 20-30cm deep. Before planting, apply 500-800g of improved substrate to the bottom of the planting pit. For herbaceous plants, choose Alternaria lobata and Leymus chinensis, and sow them in rows at a rate of 20-30g / m² and a depth of 1-2cm. b) Transition zone: Select a mixed planting of shrubs, such as Salix psammophila and Amorpha fruticosa, with a plant spacing of 2×2.5m and a planting pit depth of 25-40cm. Before planting, apply 0.5-1kg of improved substrate to the bottom of the planting pit. c) Edge protection zone: Construct a mixed forest belt of trees, shrubs and grasses. The trees are selected from Pinus sylvestris, with a spacing of 3×4m. The shrubs are selected from Amorpha fruticosa and Hippophae rhamnoides, with a spacing of 2×2m. The herb is alfalfa, with a sowing rate of 15-20g / m². d) After planting, drip irrigation should be carried out on all vegetation to keep it moist. The drip irrigation time is 1-2 times a week for the first 3 months after planting. The drip irrigation amount is 10L / class per tree, 5L / shrub per plant, and 10L / m² for herbaceous plants. At the same time, straw or biodegradable mulch should be covered at the roots of the vegetation, with a covering thickness of 3-5cm.

[0022] This invention overcomes the problems of difficult rooting, insufficient initial nutrients, and significantly reduced survival rates caused by conventional uniform planting methods with equal spacing, uniform planting pit sizes, and no matching substrate. It designs customized planting processes for different regions and vegetation types, gradually optimizing the spacing based on vegetation type and site conditions, and matching the planting pit depth to the root system characteristics of the vegetation. This achieves a triple match between vegetation characteristics, planting parameters, and regional conditions, providing precise assurance for early rooting and sprouting.

[0023] Zonal and targeted vegetation configuration allows varieties to adapt to regional site conditions; customized planting techniques provide a suitable environment for root development; precise application of improved substrate supplements water and fertilizer for early growth; and scientific and precise management ensures water supply during critical periods. These four safeguards significantly improve vegetation survival rates. Survival rates in core desertified areas are increased by over 60%, mixed shrub survival rates in transitional areas by over 50%, and tree-shrub-grass composite forest belts in peripheral areas by over 40%, far exceeding the average survival rate of around 30% for conventional methods. This effectively avoids the waste of resources from annual planting and seedling shortages.

[0024] Step 5: Ecological maintenance and monitoring, specifically: Regularly inspect the vegetation growth status, promptly remove weeds, and replant withered or dead vegetation. Replanting should be done in spring or autumn, following the planting plan for the corresponding area. Every year after the rainy season, the composite sand barriers in the core desertification area are inspected and repaired, damaged geogrids and biodegradable fiber nets are replaced, and loose straw sand barriers are reinforced. Establish a long-term monitoring system to monitor soil moisture content, soil fertility, vegetation coverage, wind speed and quicksand movement speed in real time, and adjust the drip irrigation frequency and the amount of improved substrate applied based on the monitoring data; Ecological fences were set up within the remediation area to prohibit destructive activities such as grazing and land reclamation. At the same time, an appropriate number of rodent predators were released to control rodent damage to vegetation.

[0025] The specific implementation method is as follows: This embodiment selects a desertification area in northern Shaanxi, my country as the treatment area. The total area of ​​the area is 20 hm², including a core desertification area of ​​3 hm², a transition area of ​​4 hm², and a peripheral protection area of ​​13 hm². The average annual precipitation in the area is 300-400 mm, the average annual wind speed is 3 m / s, the soil sand content in the core desertification area is 90%, in the transition area it is 75%, and in the peripheral protection area it is 55%.

[0026] The specific steps of the comprehensive desertification control method of the present invention are as follows: Preliminary investigation and regional division: Field investigation was conducted in the desertification control area, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30cm, and indicators such as soil sand content and organic matter content were tested. Precipitation, wind speed and temperature data for the past 5 years were monitored by meteorological stations. GPS was used to survey the topography and groundwater distribution, with the groundwater depth being 8-10m. Based on the investigation results, the control area was divided into core desertification area, transition area and edge protection area.

[0027] 1. Sand fixation and foundation construction project in the core desertification area: a) Lay the main sand barrier along the prevailing northwest wind direction. The main sand barrier adopts a wheat straw-geogrid composite structure. The wheat straw is cut into 70cm long sections and inserted into the sand layer at a row spacing of 2.5m and a column spacing of 1.8m. The insertion depth is 35cm and the height exposed above the sand surface is 35cm. Then, a geogrid with a mesh size of 5cm×5cm is laid on top of the straw sand barrier. The geogrid and the straw sand barrier are fixed and connected by U-shaped nails with a length of 40cm and a spacing of 55cm between the U-shaped nails.

[0028] b) Lay secondary sand barriers between the main sand barriers. The secondary sand barriers are made of biodegradable fiber netting and are laid at a row spacing of 1.2m. The edges of the biodegradable fiber netting are fixed in the sand layer with U-shaped nails with a length of 20cm and an insertion depth of 18cm.

[0029] c) One week after the composite sand barrier system is laid, spray a microbial sand-fixing agent into the sand barrier at a rate of 25 L / m². The microbial sand-fixing agent includes Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the agent concentration is 3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0030] 2. Soil improvement project: Soil improvement treatment will be carried out 1.5 weeks after the completion of the composite sand barrier construction in the core desertification area, as well as the entire area of ​​the transition zone and the edge protection zone.

[0031] a) Apply the improved substrate, which by weight includes: 35 parts decomposed sheep manure, 25 parts humus, 12 parts fly ash, 8 parts bentonite, and 6 parts biochar. The application rate of the improved substrate is 6.5 kg / m² in the core desertification area, 4 kg / m² in the transition area, and 2.5 kg / m² in the edge protection area.

[0032] b) Use deep tillage machinery to mix the improved substrate with the topsoil evenly, and then use a roller to lightly compact it after deep tillage.

[0033] 3. Vegetation Construction Project a) Core desertification area: Plant sea buckthorn and Artemisia annua at a spacing of 1.5×2m, with a planting pit depth of 25cm. Before planting, apply 600g of improved substrate to the bottom of the planting pit. Sow Alternaria and Leymus chinensis in rows at a sowing rate of 25g / m² and a sowing depth of 1.5cm.

[0034] b) Transition zone: Plant a mixture of Amorpha fruticosa and Salix psammophila, with a plant spacing of 2×2.5m and a planting pit depth of 30cm. Before planting, apply 0.6kg of improved substrate to the bottom of the planting pit.

[0035] c) Edge protection zone: Plant Scots pine with a spacing of 3×4m, plant Amorpha fruticosa and Hippophae rhamnoides with a spacing of 2×2m, and sow alfalfa at a rate of 18g / m².

[0036] After planting, drip irrigation is applied to all vegetation to keep it moist. For the first three months, drip irrigation is applied once every two weeks. For trees, drip irrigation is applied at a rate of 10L / class per drip irrigation, for shrubs at a rate of 5L / shrub per drip irrigation, and for herbs at a rate of 10L / m². At the same time, straw or biodegradable mulch is applied to the roots of the vegetation to a thickness of 3-5cm.

[0037] 4. Ecological maintenance and monitoring: a) Conduct quarterly inspections of vegetation growth, promptly remove weeds, and replant withered or dead vegetation.

[0038] b) After the rainy season each year, the composite sand barriers in the core desertification area are inspected and repaired, damaged geogrids and biodegradable fiber nets are replaced, and loose straw sand barriers are reinforced.

[0039] c) Establish a long-term monitoring system, set up one monitoring point in the treatment area, and monitor soil moisture content, soil organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, vegetation coverage, wind speed and quicksand movement speed in real time. Adjust the drip irrigation frequency and the amount of improved substrate applied based on the monitoring data.

[0040] d) Set up ecological fences within the remediation area to prohibit grazing and land reclamation.

[0041] One year after the treatment, the vegetation coverage rate in the protected area reached 85%, the soil organic matter content was significantly higher than before the treatment, the treatment effect was stable, and there was no rebound.

[0042] The content of this invention is not limited to the embodiments listed. Any equivalent modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of this invention by reading this specification are covered by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary research and regional division; Step Two: Construct a composite sand barrier system in the core desertification area; Step 3: Soil improvement treatment will be carried out throughout the core desertification area, as well as the transition area and the edge protection area; Step 4: Vegetation establishment; Step 5: Ecological maintenance and monitoring.

2. The comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step one specifically involves: Step 1.1: Conduct field surveys of desertification control areas, collect soil samples, monitor meteorological data, and investigate topography and groundwater distribution; Step 1.2: Based on the survey results, the treatment area is divided into a core desertification area, a transition area, and a peripheral protection area. The core desertification area is a concentrated distribution area of ​​shifting sand with a soil sand content ≥85%. The transition area is a buffer zone between the core desertification area and the peripheral protection area with a soil sand content of 60-85%. The peripheral protection area is the outer boundary area of ​​the treatment area with a soil sand content <60%.

3. The comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step two specifically includes: Step 2.1: Lay the main sand barrier along the prevailing wind direction. The main sand barrier adopts a straw-geogrid composite structure. The straw is inserted into the sand layer at intervals, and the geogrid is laid on top of the straw sand barrier. The geogrid and the straw sand barrier are fixedly connected by U-shaped nails. Step 2.2: Lay secondary sand barriers between the main sand barriers. The secondary sand barriers are made of biodegradable fiber mesh, and the edges of the biodegradable fiber mesh are fixed in the sand layer with U-shaped nails. Step 2.3: After the composite sand barrier system is laid, spray microbial sand-fixing agents into the sand barrier.

4. The comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step three specifically involves: Step 3.1: Apply the modified matrix; Step 3.2: Deep tillage and loosening of the soil. Use deep tillage machinery to mix the improved substrate and the topsoil evenly.

5. A comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step four specifically involves: In the core desertification area, drought-resistant and barren-tolerant shrubs and herbaceous plants are selected. The shrubs are sea buckthorn and Artemisia arenaria; the herbaceous plants are Alternanthera philoxeroides and Leymus chinensis. In the transition area, a mixed planting of shrubs Salix matsudana and Amorpha fruticosa is used. In the edge protection area, a mixed forest belt of trees, shrubs and grasses is constructed. The trees are Pinus sylvestris, the shrubs are Amorpha fruticosa and sea buckthorn, and the herbaceous plants are alfalfa. After planting, drip irrigation is carried out on all vegetation to keep it moist.

6. A comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step five specifically involves: Regularly inspect the vegetation growth; repair the composite sand barriers in the core desertification area after each rainy season; establish a long-term monitoring system; and set up ecological fences in the treatment area.

7. A comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 3.1, the improved substrate includes, by weight, 30-40 parts of well-rotted sheep manure, 20-30 parts of humus, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 5-10 parts of bentonite, and 5-8 parts of biochar.

8. A comprehensive management method for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2.3, the microbial sand-fixing agent includes Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the agent concentration is... CFU / mL.

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