Variable angle fish scale ditching apparatus

Abstract

A variable angle fish scale ditching device belongs to the technical field of underwater engineering equipment. The device comprises a pre-ditching unit installed at the front end of a main shaft for soil crushing; a fish scale ditching unit array installed on the main shaft for soil cutting and ditch shaping; a double-layer integrated pipeline system installed on the main shaft for jetting cleaning on the fish scale ditching unit array and mud slurry pumping; and an impeller assembly installed at the rear end of the main shaft and connected with the double-layer integrated pipeline system for providing high-pressure water flow. The device realizes deep coupling of mechanical cutting and hydraulic liquefaction by arranging nozzles before and after the fish scale blade array and cooperating with the double-layer pipeline system. The high-pressure water flow can instantly liquefy the cut soil into mud slurry. The fish scale blade of the device is installed through an adjustable support and can flexibly adjust the cutting angle and front and rear positions of the blade according to actual engineering requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underwater engineering equipment technology, specifically relating to a fish-scale-shaped trenching device with a variable angle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most common trenching equipment uses fixed blades or rotary tillage structures, making it inconvenient to adjust the trenching angle and depth, especially in complex soil conditions or when specific trench shapes are required. Traditional equipment is prone to problems such as soil adhesion, trench wall collapse, and poor mud removal during operation, affecting trenching efficiency and quality. In addition, most equipment lacks simultaneous mud removal and trench shape maintenance functions, often requiring manual cleaning afterwards, increasing operating costs and time. Although some adjustable trenching equipment exists in the existing technology, its structure is complex, the adjustment range is limited, and most do not integrate a mud and water conveyance system, making it impossible to achieve simultaneous excavation and cleaning. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-efficiency device with a reasonable structure, flexible adjustment, and the ability to simultaneously complete trenching and mud cleaning. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fish-scale-shaped trenching device with a variable angle, which aims to solve the technical problems of traditional mechanical trenching methods in cohesive soil, such as easy clay blockage, high operating resistance, low efficiency, and inability to operate continuously for a long time.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0005] A variable-angle fish-scale trenching device, comprising:

[0006] The pre-ditching unit, installed at the front end of the main shaft, is used to break up the soil;

[0007] A fish-scale-shaped trenching unit array, mounted on the main shaft, is used to cut soil and shape trenches;

[0008] A dual-layer integrated piping system, installed on the main shaft, is used for spray cleaning of the fish-scale trenching unit array and for mud pumping operations.

[0009] The impeller assembly is mounted at the rear end of the main shaft and connected to a dual-layer integrated piping system to provide high-pressure water flow.

[0010] Furthermore, the pre-ditching unit includes a drill bit and a connector; the drill bit is fixed to the head of the spindle via the connector and is used to initially break up the original soil. Behind the drill bit, the outside of the connector has evenly distributed guide channels, which smoothly guide the soil that falls behind the drill bit after pre-ditching and breaking up to the fish-scale cutting area behind it.

[0011] Furthermore, the main shaft includes a support frame, a mud tank, a connecting frame, and a drainage cavity; the lower part of the support frame is an annular plate, and multiple rings of support plates are arranged above the annular plate. Multiple support plates are arranged in each ring of support plates, and the space formed between each pair of adjacent support plates is the mud inlet of the mud pipeline. The front and rear ends of the mud inlet are connected to form a mud tank that runs through the support frame. A drainage cavity is arranged at the rear end of the mud tank, and the mud tank is connected to the small mud pipe of the mud pipeline through the drainage cavity. The multiple connecting frames are all annular frames and are respectively fixed on the multiple rings of support plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the fish-scale grooving unit array includes fish-scale blades, adjustable supports, circular supports, spray holes, and spray rings; multiple circular supports are respectively fixed on multiple connecting frames, and multiple fish-scale blades are arranged around the outside of each circular support. The fish-scale blades are connected to the corresponding circular supports through adjustable supports. Spray rings are installed on the front and rear sides of each circular support, and multiple spray holes are opened on each spray ring. A small nozzle is installed on each spray hole, and the spray holes are arranged corresponding to the fish-scale blades.

[0013] Furthermore, a gasket is installed on the inner surface of each of the fish-scale-shaped blades.

[0014] Furthermore, the dual-layer integrated pipeline system includes a first layer of mud pipeline and a second layer of water pipeline inside the main shaft. The mud pipeline is used to discharge the liquefied mud into the work area in real time; the water pipeline is used to spray high-pressure water onto the cutting surface of the fish-scale blades to liquefy the soil.

[0015] Furthermore, the mud pipeline includes a mud inlet, a small mud pipe, a large mud pipe, and a mud outlet; at least one of the small mud pipes is connected to the drainage cavity at its front end and to the large mud pipe at its rear end, and the large mud pipe is provided with a mud outlet at its rear end.

[0016] Furthermore, the water pipeline includes small nozzles, branch pipes, main water pipes, bend pipes, and inlet pipes; one end of the inlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the impeller assembly, and the other end of the inlet pipe is connected to the main water pipe through the bend pipe. The main water pipe is installed inside the support frame of the main shaft. The main water pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the spray ring through multiple branch pipes. Multiple small nozzles installed on the spray ring are arranged around the fish-scale blades for precisely spraying high-pressure water flow onto the fish-scale blades to liquefy and cut the soil.

[0017] Furthermore, an impeller assembly is connected downstream of the water pipeline. The impeller assembly includes an inlet, a water collection chamber, an impeller housing, an outlet, an impeller, and a power connecting rod. The water collection chamber is provided at one end of the impeller housing, and an inlet is provided on the water collection chamber. An impeller is provided inside the impeller housing. The impeller is connected to an external drive device through the power connecting rod. The impeller housing is connected to the water inlet pipe of the water pipeline through the outlet.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. High-efficiency liquefaction and anti-clogging, ensuring continuous operation: This invention achieves deep coupling of mechanical cutting and hydraulic liquefaction by arranging nozzles before and after the fish-scale blade array and cooperating with a double-layer pipeline system. The high-pressure water flow can instantly liquefy the cut soil into slurry, solving the problem of "sludge buildup" and clogging that easily occurs with traditional blades in sticky soils. This self-cleaning mechanism ensures that the trenching equipment can maintain efficient and continuous operation even in complex soil conditions.

[0020] 2. Flexible angle adjustment to adapt to diverse trench shape requirements: Unlike traditional fixed trenching tools, the fish-scale blades of this invention are installed via an adjustable bracket, allowing for flexible adjustment of the blade's cutting angle and forward / backward position according to actual engineering needs. This feature enables the equipment to precisely excavate trenches of different slopes, widths, and shapes, such as trapezoids and V-shapes, greatly improving the equipment's adaptability to different operational tasks and seabed geological conditions.

[0021] 3. High spatial integration for integrated excavation and drainage: This invention cleverly utilizes the internal space of the main shaft, employing a double-layer coaxial pipeline structure of "inner layer for water conveyance and outer layer for mud discharge," highly integrating the three major functions of trenching, soil liquefaction, and mud pumping into one unit. The liquefied mud is directly discharged through the main shaft mud tank into the first-layer mud pipeline, avoiding secondary sedimentation of waste mud in the trench and achieving "trenching as soon as it's dug," significantly improving overall construction efficiency.

[0022] 4. Power-closed-loop pressurization enhances system reliability: The impeller pressurization system located at the end of the equipment utilizes a rotary power source to directly provide stable head pressure to the second-layer water pipeline. This integrated pressurization design reduces reliance on external high-power water supply equipment and simplifies system piping layout. Simultaneously, the impeller's balancing effect, combined with the low-resistance design of the fish-scale blades, reduces the torsional load on the main shaft and extends the service life of core transmission components.

[0023] 5. This invention achieves efficient trenching and real-time sludge removal through an adjustable blade structure and a double-layer pipeline system, significantly improving operational adaptability and continuity. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top sectional view of the main shaft and main pipeline of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the fish-scale-shaped trenching unit structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4This is a rear view schematic diagram of the fish-scale-shaped trenching unit structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the spindle of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circular bracket installation of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a top view of the impeller of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is the left view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a front view of the fish-scale-shaped trenching unit structure of the present invention at a reduced angle;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a front view of the fish-scale-shaped trenching unit structure of the present invention at an enlarged angle;

[0035] The components include: 1. Pre-trenching unit; 2. Main shaft; 3. Fish-scale trenching unit array; 4. Mud pipeline; 5. Water pipeline; 6. Impeller assembly; 11. Drill bit; 12. Connector; 13. Guide channel; 21. Support frame; 211. Annular plate; 212. Support plate; 22. Mud trough; 23. Connector; 24. Drainage cavity; 31. Fish-scale blades; 32. Adjustable bracket; 33. 34. Circular support; 35. Spray hole; 36. Spray ring; 47. Gasket; 48. Mud inlet; 49. Small mud pipe; 40. Large mud pipe; 41. Mud outlet; 52. Small nozzle; 53. Water distribution pipe; 54. Main water pipe; 55. Water pipe at bend; 66. Water inlet pipe; 67. Water inlet; 68. Water collection chamber; 69. Impeller housing; 60. Water outlet; 61. Impeller; 62. Power connection rod. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, a variable-angle fish-scale trenching device includes...

[0038] The pre-ditching unit 1 is installed at the front end of the main shaft 2 and is used to break up the soil;

[0039] Fish scale-shaped trenching unit array 3, mounted on main shaft 2, is located at the rear end of pre-trenching unit 1 and is used to cut soil and shape trenches;

[0040] A dual-layer integrated piping system is installed on the main shaft 2 for spray cleaning of the fish-scale trenching unit array 3 and for mud pumping operations.

[0041] Impeller assembly 6 is mounted at the rear end of main shaft 2 and connected to a double-layer integrated piping system to provide high-pressure water flow.

[0042] The trenching equipment is an integrated working structure that combines tunneling, cutting, liquefaction, and sludge removal.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the pre-ditching unit 1 is located at the front end of the equipment and is the pilot crushing component of the device. Its structural requirement is to provide initial soil penetration force and guide the subsequent cutting direction. The pre-ditching unit 1 includes a drill bit 11 and a connector 12. The drill bit 11 is fixed to the head of the spindle 2 through the connector 12 and has high hardness for preliminary crushing of the original soil. Behind the drill bit 11, the outside of the connector 12 is a uniformly distributed guide groove 13. The guide groove 13 smoothly guides the soil that falls behind the drill bit 11 after pre-ditching and crushing (which will be softened into mud by the jet of the first row of nozzles) to the fish-scale cutting area behind, reducing the forward resistance.

[0044] like Figures 1-4 , Figure 9 As shown, the main shaft 2 serves as the core skeleton for fluid transport and mechanical support of the entire machine, including a support frame 21, a mud tank 22, a connecting frame 23, and a drainage cavity 24. The lower part of the support frame 21 is an annular plate 211, and multiple rings of support plates 212 are arranged above the annular plate 211. Multiple support plates 212 are arranged in each ring of support plates 212. The space formed between each two adjacent support plates 212 is the mud inlet 41 of the mud pipe 4. The front and rear ends of the mud inlet 41 are connected to form a mud tank 22 that runs through the support frame 21. A drainage cavity 24 is arranged at the rear end of the mud tank 22, which is connected to the small mud pipe 42 of the mud pipe 4. The multiple connecting frames 23 are all annular frames and are respectively fixed on the multiple rings of support plates 212.

[0045] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 10 , Figure 11As shown, the fish-scale grooving unit array 3 is the core cutting and forming mechanism, and its structural requirement is to achieve flexible customization of the groove cross-section and low-resistance cutting. The fish-scale grooving unit array 3 includes fish-scale blades 31, adjustable supports 32, circular supports 33, spray holes 34, and spray rings 35; multiple circular supports 33 are respectively fixed on multiple connecting frames 23, and multiple fish-scale blades 31 are arranged around the outside of each circular support 33. The fish-scale blades 31 are arranged in an array, and their structure simulates biological scales to reduce friction; the fish-scale blades 31 are connected to the corresponding circular supports 33 through the adjustable supports 32, and the angle of the fish-scale blades 31 can be flexibly adjusted according to different groove requirements. Each of the circular supports 33 has a spray ring 35 installed on both its front and rear sides. Each spray ring 35 has multiple spray holes 34, which communicate with the inner cavity of the spray ring 35 and the inner cavity of the circular support 33. Each spray hole 34 is equipped with a small nozzle 51, and the spray holes 34 are correspondingly arranged with the fish-scale blades 31. This ensures that each fish-scale blade 31 has a small nozzle 51 on both its front and rear sides.

[0046] One end of the adjustable bracket 32 ​​is spherical and connected to a ball groove on one side of the circular bracket 33 via a ball hinge. The other end of the adjustable bracket 32 ​​is cylindrical and connected to the fish-scale-shaped blade 31 via a shaft hinge.

[0047] The core structural requirement of the adjustable bracket 32 ​​is to support angle adjustment and front and rear position compensation in order to adapt to the needs of different hardness substrates and different width grooves.

[0048] Each of the fish-scale blades 31 has a gasket 36 installed on its inner side; the gasket 36 is installed in conjunction with the circular bracket 33 to ensure that the fish-scale blades 31 maintain positional stability under complex stress environments.

[0049] The fish-scale blade 31 can move back and forth on the adjustable support 32, or the position of the shim can be adjusted to allow the fish-scale blade 31 to move within a certain range on the adjustable support 32 to optimize the cutting gap.

[0050] like Figure 2 The structural requirement of the dual-layer integrated pipeline system is to achieve spatial layering and synchronous operation of "water spraying liquefaction" and "slurry pumping". The dual-layer integrated pipeline system includes a first layer of slurry pipeline 4 and a second layer of water pipeline 5 inside the main shaft 2; the slurry pipeline 4 is used to discharge the liquefied slurry from the work area in real time, and the water pipeline 5 is used to spray high-pressure water onto the cutting surface of the fish-scale blade 31 to liquefy the soil.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the mud pipeline 4 includes a mud inlet 41, a small mud pipe 42, a large mud pipe 43, and a mud outlet 44; at least one of the small mud pipes 42 is connected to the drainage cavity 24 at its front end and to the large mud pipe 43 at its rear end, and the large mud pipe 43 is provided with a mud outlet 44 at its rear end.

[0052] The structural requirement of the mud pipeline 4 is to utilize the axial space inside the main shaft 2 to guide the liquefied mud from the working face to the rear end for discharge in real time.

[0053] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the water pipe 5 includes small nozzles 51, branch pipes 52, main water pipe 53, bend pipe 54, and inlet pipe 55; one end of the inlet pipe 55 is connected to the outlet 64 of the impeller assembly 6, and the other end of the inlet pipe 55 is connected to the main water pipe 53 through the bend pipe 54. The main water pipe 53 is installed inside the support frame 21 of the main shaft 2. The main water pipe 53 is connected to the inner cavity of the spray ring 35 through multiple branch pipes 52. Multiple small nozzles 51 installed on the spray ring 35 are arranged around the fish scale blades 31 for precisely spraying high-pressure water flow onto the fish scale blades 31 to liquefy and cut the soil.

[0054] The structural requirement for water pipe 5 is to form a high-pressure chamber surrounding the main shaft;

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, an impeller assembly 6 is connected after the water pipe 5, serving as the system's pressurization power source. The structural requirement is to provide a stable pressure differential for fluid circulation; it is installed at the end of the equipment.

[0056] The impeller assembly 6 includes an inlet 61, a water collection chamber 62, an impeller housing 63, an outlet 64, an impeller 65, and a power connection rod 66. The impeller housing 63 has a water collection chamber 62 at one end, and an inlet 61 is provided on the water collection chamber 62. The water collection chamber 62 is used to collect and distribute water flow to the water inlet pipe 55 to ensure that the front nozzle array has sufficient impact force for self-cleaning and soil liquefaction.

[0057] An impeller 65 is installed inside the impeller housing 63. The impeller 65 is connected to an external drive device through a power connecting rod 66. The centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the impeller 65 pressurizes the water pipe 5.

[0058] The power connection rod 66 is connected to an independent drive motor. This drive motor can be a waterproof motor, installed on the hull deck or the outer side of the ship; or it can be a submersible motor, directly integrated with the impeller housing 63 or installed at the rear end of the impeller housing 63. Shore power or power from a ship's generator is supplied to the motor via a cable, thereby driving the impeller 65 to rotate.

[0059] The impeller housing 63 is connected to the water inlet pipe 55 of the water pipe 5 through the water outlet 64.

[0060] The power is transmitted through the power connecting rod 66 to drive the impeller to rotate, forming high pressure in the water collection chamber 62 to ensure that the front nozzle array obtains a stable jet pressure.

[0061] The workflow of this invention is as follows: An external power source drives the main shaft 2 to rotate, and the front drill bit 11 first breaks up the soil. Subsequently, the fish-scale-shaped blades 31 perform fine cutting on the trench wall according to a preset angle. During this process, soil enters the gap between the two layers of blades. Simultaneously, high-pressure water generated by the impeller assembly 6 flows through the water pipe 5 and is ejected from the small nozzle 51, rapidly liquefying the cut soil into mud. Under pressure differential, the liquefied mud enters the mud tank 22 on the main shaft and the inner mud pipe 4 through the mud inlet 41, and is finally discharged through the mud outlet 44, ultimately achieving integrated continuous operation of trenching, liquefaction, and mud discharge.

[0062] By adjusting the position of the support 32 and the fish-scale-shaped blades 31, the equipment can adapt to different trench types and soil conditions, ensuring efficient and continuous underwater trenching operations.

[0063] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fish-scale-shaped trenching device with variable angle, characterized in that: include The pre-ditching unit (1) is installed at the front end of the main shaft (2) and is used to break up the soil; Fish-scale trenching unit array (3), mounted on main shaft (2), is used to cut soil and form trenches; A double-layer integrated pipeline system is installed on the main shaft (2) for spraying and cleaning the fish-scale trenching unit array (3) and for pumping out mud. The impeller assembly (6) is installed at the rear end of the main shaft (2) and connected to the double-layer integrated piping system to provide high-pressure water flow.

2. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-ditching unit (1) includes a drill bit (11) and a connector (12). The drill bit (11) is fixed to the head of the spindle (2) through the connector (12) for preliminary crushing of the original soil. Behind the drill bit (11), the outside of the connector (12) is a uniformly distributed guide channel (13). The guide channel (13) smoothly guides the soil that falls behind the drill bit (11) after pre-ditching and crushing to the fish-scale cutting area behind it.

3. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft (2) includes a support frame (21), a mud tank (22), a connecting frame (23), and a drainage cavity (24). The lower part of the support frame (21) is an annular plate (211). Multiple rings of support plates (212) are set above the annular plate (211). Multiple support plates (212) are set in each ring of support plates (212). The space formed between each two adjacent support plates (212) is the mud inlet (41) of the mud pipeline (4). The front and rear ends of the mud inlet (41) are connected to form a mud tank (22) that is connected to the front and rear of the support frame (21). A drainage cavity (24) is set at the rear end of the mud tank (22). The drainage cavity (24) is connected to the small mud pipe (42) of the mud pipeline (4). Multiple connecting frames (23) are annular frames and are fixed on multiple rings of support plates (212).

4. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fish-scale grooved unit array (3) includes fish-scale blades (31), adjustable brackets (32), circular brackets (33), nozzles (34), and spray rings (35); multiple circular brackets (33) are fixed on multiple connecting frames (23), and multiple fish-scale blades (31) are arranged around the outside of each circular bracket (33). The fish-scale blades (31) are connected to the corresponding circular brackets (33) through the adjustable brackets (32). Spray rings (35) are installed on the front and rear sides of each circular bracket (33), and multiple nozzles (34) are opened on each nozzle (35). A small nozzle (51) is installed on each nozzle (34), and the nozzles (34) are corresponding to the fish-scale blades (31).

5. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the fish-scale-shaped blades (31) has a gasket (36) installed on its inner side.

6. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-layer integrated pipeline system includes a mud pipeline (4) on the inner side of the main shaft (2) and a water pipeline (5) on the second layer. The mud pipeline (4) is used to discharge the liquefied mud into the work area in real time; the water pipeline (5) is used to spray high-pressure water onto the cutting surface of the fish-scale blade (31) to liquefy the soil.

7. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mud pipeline (4) includes a mud inlet (41), a small mud pipe (42), a large mud pipe (43), and a mud outlet (44); at least one of the small mud pipes (42) is connected to the drainage cavity (24) at its front end and to the large mud pipe (43) at its rear end, and the large mud pipe (43) is provided with a mud outlet (44) at its rear end.

8. The variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water pipeline (5) includes small nozzles (51), branch pipes (52), main water pipes (53), bend pipes (54), and inlet pipes (55). One end of the inlet pipe (55) is connected to the outlet (64) of the impeller assembly (6), and the other end of the inlet pipe (55) is connected to the main water pipe (53) through the bend pipe (54). The main water pipe (53) is located inside the support frame (21) of the main shaft (2). The main water pipe (53) is connected to the inner cavity of the spray ring (35) through multiple branch pipes (52). Multiple small nozzles (51) installed on the spray ring (35) are located around the fish scale blades (31) for precisely spraying high-pressure water flow onto the fish scale blades (31) to liquefy and cut the soil.

9. A variable-angle fish-scale trenching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: An impeller assembly (6) is connected after the water pipe (5). The impeller assembly (6) includes an inlet (61), a water collection chamber (62), an impeller housing (63), an outlet (64), an impeller (65), and a power connecting rod (66). The water collection chamber (62) is provided at one end of the impeller housing (63), and an inlet (61) is provided on the water collection chamber (62). An impeller (65) is provided inside the impeller housing (63). The impeller (65) is connected to an external drive device through the power connecting rod (66). The impeller housing (63) is connected to the water inlet pipe (55) of the water pipe (5) through the outlet (64).

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