A laying device for soil water-retaining agent

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of water-retaining agents, and discloses a laying device for a soil water-retaining agent, which comprises a ditching mechanism, an insertion mechanism arranged above the ditching mechanism, a feeding mechanism arranged on one side of the insertion mechanism, breaking mechanisms arranged on the two sides of the ditching mechanism, a side supporting mechanism arranged behind the ditching mechanism, and a guide scraper arranged behind the side supporting mechanism; the technical scheme of the application integrates linkage of multiple functions of quantitative feeding, forced soil breaking, self-adaptive wall protection and soft soil covering by taking a feeding motor as a unified power source; the insertion mechanism provides impact force at the moment of entering the soil to break through the hard surface layer; after the feeding motor is started, the feeding motor synchronously drives a feeding screw rod to quantitatively convey the water-retaining agent and rotates a rotating rod to crush the soil; the side supporting mechanism is self-adaptively attached to the ditch wall to prevent collapse; the guide scraper gathers and guides the crushed soil to backfill; and the whole process forms a pure mechanical operation closed loop from breaking the soil, entering the soil, quantitatively laying the material, crushing the soil and soft soil covering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water-retaining agent technology, specifically to a device for laying soil water-retaining agents. Background Technology

[0002] Soil water-retaining agents are functional polymer materials, typically composed of cross-linked polymers such as polyacrylates and polyacrylamide. They can absorb and retain hundreds or even thousands of times their own weight in water. Their water absorption mechanism lies in the large number of hydrophilic groups on their molecular chains. Upon contact with water, they rapidly swell to form a hydrogel, locking the water firmly within the topsoil layer. When the soil is dry, the water in the gel is slowly released for crop absorption. In agricultural production and ecological restoration, water-retaining agents are often used to improve the soil's water retention capacity, reduce irrigation frequency, and improve soil aggregate structure and bulk density. From an application perspective, the construction requirements for water-retaining agents are relatively strict: they usually need to be layered at a specific soil depth to form a continuous and uniform water-retaining layer, with the top layer of soil compacted to ensure that it forms an effective barrier after absorbing water and swelling. The thickness of the water-retaining agent layer, the laying depth, and the degree of isolation from the soil all directly affect its water absorption, retention, and salt-blocking effects.

[0003] In the field of saline-alkali land improvement, laying a water-retaining agent layer has proven to be an effective technical method. By laying the water-retaining agent at a specific depth in the soil, a physical salt-barrier layer can be formed, preventing lower-layer salts from rising with capillary water. At the same time, the high-water-content zone formed after the water-retaining agent layer absorbs water can also dilute and buffer the upward-moving salts, thereby creating a low-salt, moist growing environment for crop roots. However, the special soil properties of saline-alkali land bring many technical challenges to the mechanized laying of water-retaining agents.

[0004] First, saline-alkali soils are characterized by high hardness and severe compaction. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, the surface often forms a hard salt crust due to capillary evaporation, resulting in a generally hard plastic soil condition. In some areas, the hardness when dry is comparable to low-grade concrete. Traditional trenching mechanisms often struggle to penetrate to the intended depth when facing such hard soils, and insufficient penetration depth directly prevents the water-retaining agent from being laid to the designed salt-blocking layer. On the one hand, the trencher's penetration resistance increases dramatically, causing slippage of the traction machinery, a surge in power consumption, and even malfunction. On the other hand, forced downward pressure can easily deform or damage the trencher, affecting the equipment's lifespan. This necessitates providing sufficient impact force at the moment of trenching to break through the hard surface layer, but existing mechanical structures lack effective instantaneous impact assistance mechanisms, making it difficult to achieve rapid penetration while ensuring equipment reliability.

[0005] Secondly, saline-alkali soils have a high clay content, which easily forms large clods of soil when turned over during trenching. These large clods of soil have serious negative effects when backfilling and covering with water-retaining agents:

[0006] On the one hand, large chunks of soil falling directly into the trench will generate a large impact force, which can easily knock away or scatter the already laid water-retaining agent particles, resulting in uneven distribution of the water-retaining agent at the bottom of the trench, with some areas missing or accumulating, which seriously affects the continuity and uniformity of the water-retaining agent layer.

[0007] On the other hand, the mixing of large clumps of soil with the water-retaining agent in the trench disrupts the ideal layered structure of the water-retaining agent at the bottom and the soil on top. Once the water-retaining agent is mixed with the soil, the water-absorbing layer it forms is no longer a dense barrier—soil particles interspersed between the water-retaining agent gel form salt-conducting channels, and salt can migrate upwards through the soil pores in the mixing zone, severely weakening the salt-blocking effect.

[0008] Furthermore, some water-retaining agents may be exposed on the soil surface due to mixing, accelerating their photodegradation and failure, and shortening the material's service life. Traditional soil covering mechanisms are mostly simple scraper structures, focusing only on the amount and thickness of the soil covering, which cannot solve the problems of large clumps of soil impact and mixing, and lack devices for effectively crushing backfill soil, making it difficult to meet the construction requirements for the precise application of water-retaining agents.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device for laying soil water-retaining agents to solve the problems in the existing technology, such as the difficulty of the trenching mechanism to be smoothly inserted into hard soil, and the impact and mixing of large clods of soil turned up during trenching on the water-retaining agent layer during backfilling, so as to ensure that the water-retaining agent can be laid in a uniform and continuous layered manner in saline-alkali land according to the designed process. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a soil water-retaining agent laying device to solve the technical problems of difficulty in inserting the trenching component into the soil under hard soil conditions, and the impact and mixing of large clumps of soil turned up after trenching with the water-retaining agent during the backfilling process, thereby improving the stability of the water-retaining agent laying process and the layer integrity after laying.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0012] This application provides a device for laying soil water-retaining agent, including a trenching mechanism. Above the trenching mechanism is an insertion mechanism for providing instantaneous impact force to assist the trenching mechanism in entering the soil. On one side of the insertion mechanism is a feeding mechanism for quantitatively conveying the water-retaining agent. On both sides of the trenching mechanism are crushing mechanisms for crushing the soil. Behind the trenching mechanism is a side support mechanism for supporting the trench sidewalls to prevent collapse. Behind the side support mechanism is a guide scraper for scraping the crushed soil back to cover the water-retaining agent. When the trenching mechanism is obstructed from entering the soil, the insertion mechanism assists the trenching mechanism in breaking through the soil, the feeding mechanism conveys the water-retaining agent into the trench and drives the crushing mechanism to crush the soil turned up during trenching through a transmission connection with the crushing mechanism, the side support mechanism supports the trench sidewalls, and the guide scraper guides the crushed soil back into the trench and covers it on the water-retaining agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the trenching mechanism includes a triangular push plate, a triangular insertion plate at the bottom of the triangular push plate, a connecting block inside the triangular push plate, a connecting plate at the top of the connecting block, and the connecting plate is connected to the insertion mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the insertion mechanism includes at least one impact unit, which is fixed to the connecting plate. The impact unit includes a fixed tube, inside which is a horizontal plate that divides the fixed tube into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. An impact rod is provided at the bottom of the lower chamber, and a fixed block is provided at the top of the impact rod. A swing block is also provided in the lower chamber, and a support rod is provided at the top of the swing block. The bottom of the swing block contacts the top of the fixed block and is inclined. A first spring is provided between the swing block and the horizontal plate. A through groove is provided on the horizontal plate, and the cross-section of the through groove is trapezoidal with a smaller top and a larger bottom. A push rod is provided at the top of the support rod, and the push rod passes through the through groove and is inclined. An impact assembly for generating impact force is provided in the upper chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, the impact assembly includes a movable column with a groove at its center. The top of the movable column is connected to the inner wall of the top of the fixed tube via a second spring, and the end of the impact rod away from the fixed block is fixedly connected to the connecting plate.

[0016] Furthermore, when the insertion plate contacts the hard soil and is subjected to upward compression, the impact rod drives the fixed block to move upward. Under the push of the fixed block, the swing block compresses the first spring and drives the support rod to move upward along the trapezoidal through groove. During the upward movement, the push rod is guided by the through groove and gradually swings towards the center and abuts into the groove of the moving column. At the instant the push rod enters the groove, the moving column rapidly resets under the action of the second spring and impacts the top of the push rod through the inner wall of the groove. The impact force is transmitted to the connecting plate through the support rod, swing block, fixed block and impact rod, thereby providing instantaneous impact force for the trenching mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism includes a limiting block located on one side of the connecting block, a feeding motor fixed on the limiting block, a conveying pipe located below the feeding motor, a feeding screw connected to the output end of the feeding motor, the feeding screw located inside the conveying pipe, a connecting pipe located on one side of the conveying pipe, the connecting pipe being used to convey water-retaining agent to the conveying pipe, a downwardly inclined guide groove being opened on the side of the connecting block near the connecting pipe, the bottom of the feeding screw extending out of the conveying pipe, and being connected to the crushing mechanism via a bevel gear transmission pair.

[0018] Furthermore, the side support mechanism includes two guide plates, which are connected to the rear sides of the triangular push plate via a rotating shaft. When the triangular push plate moves forward, the guide plates rotate around the rotating shaft under the action of soil lateral pressure, always adhering to the side walls of the trench to form support.

[0019] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism includes rotating rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the triangular push plate. The rotating rods are connected to the feeding screw through a bevel gear transmission pair, and multiple fixing pins for crushing soil are provided on the rotating rods.

[0020] Furthermore, as the triangular pusher plate moves forward, the feeding screw drives the rotating rod to rotate through the bevel gear transmission pair. The fixed pin rotates with the rotating rod and crushes the soil turned up by the trenching mechanism. The crushed soil continues to move backward to the guide scraper.

[0021] Furthermore, guide scrapers are provided on both sides behind the guide plate. The guide scrapers include a gathering part and a guiding part connected to each other. The gathering part is inclined to the inside of the device to gather the crushed soil towards the center of the trench. The guiding part is inclined and extends towards the trench to guide the gathered soil back into the trench to cover the water-retaining agent.

[0022] The technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0023] 1. This application is equipped with an insertion mechanism. When the trenching mechanism encounters hard soil and has difficulty entering the soil, the insertion mechanism can provide instantaneous impact force to assist the trenching mechanism in quickly breaking through the hard surface layer. This solves the problems of difficulty in entering the soil, slippage of traction machinery, and excessive power consumption of traditional trenching mechanisms when operating in saline-alkali land. It ensures that the trenching depth meets the design requirements and creates good conditions for subsequent water-retaining agent laying.

[0024] 2. This application is equipped with a crushing mechanism and a guide scraper. The crushing mechanism crushes the large clods of soil turned up during trenching, and the guide scraper gently scrapes the crushed soil back into the trench to cover it with a water-retaining agent. This solves the problem of water-retaining agent splashing and mixing caused by large clods of soil falling directly into the trench in traditional soil covering methods. It ensures the integrity and purity of the water-retaining agent layer and effectively maintains the ideal layered structure with the water-retaining agent at the bottom and the soil on top, thereby ensuring that the water-retaining agent can fully play its role in preventing salt and retaining water. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching mechanism in the device of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the insertion plate in the device of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the insertion mechanism in the device of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the impact unit in the device of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the impact component in the device of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the impact unit in the device of this application during compression;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the impact unit in the device of this application when an impact occurs;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism in the device of this application;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism in the device of this application;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the guide scraper in the device of this application.

[0037] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0038] 1. Trenching mechanism; 11. Triangular push plate; 12. Insertion plate; 13. Connecting block; 14. Connecting plate;

[0039] 2. Insertion mechanism; 21. Impact unit; 22. Fixing tube; 23. Horizontal plate; 231. Upper chamber; 232. Lower chamber; 24. Impact rod; 25. Fixing block; 26. Swinging block; 27. Support rod; 28. Through slot; 29. ​​Push rod;

[0040] 3. Feeding mechanism; 31. Limiting block; 32. Feeding motor; 33. Conveying pipe; 34. Feeding screw; 35. Connecting pipe; 36. Guide groove;

[0041] 4. Crushing mechanism; 41. Rotating rod; 42. Fixing pin;

[0042] 5. Side support mechanism; 51. Guide plate;

[0043] 6. Guide scraper; 61. Gathering section; 62. Guide section;

[0044] 7. Impact component; 71. Moving column; 72. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] The present application will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8 This first embodiment of the present application provides a device for laying a soil water-retaining agent, including a trenching mechanism 1. An insertion mechanism 2 is provided above the trenching mechanism 1 to provide instantaneous impact force to assist the trenching mechanism 1 in entering the soil. A feeding mechanism 3 is provided on one side of the insertion mechanism 2 for quantitatively conveying the water-retaining agent. A crushing mechanism 4 for crushing the soil is provided on both sides of the trenching mechanism 1. A side support mechanism 5 is provided behind the trenching mechanism 1 to support the sidewalls of the trench and prevent collapse. A guide scraper 6 is provided behind the side support mechanism 5 to scrape the crushed soil back to cover the water-retaining agent.

[0049] The trenching mechanism 1 includes a triangular push plate 11, a triangular insertion plate 12 at the bottom of the triangular push plate 11, a connecting block 13 inside the triangular push plate 11, a connecting plate 14 at the top of the connecting block 13, and the connecting plate 14 is connected to the insertion mechanism 2.

[0050] Specifically, the triangular pusher plate 11 is a triangular structure with a tapered front end and an open rear end. Its two sloping sides are used to push the soil to the sides to form a trench when it moves forward. The triangular insertion plate 12 is set at the bottom front end of the triangular pusher plate 11. Its lower end is a sharp edge for cutting into the soil. The insertion plate 12 is also triangular in structure and together with the triangular pusher plate 11, it forms a wedge-shaped trench.

[0051] During operation, the entire device moves forward under traction. The insertion plate 12 first contacts and cuts into the soil. As the device continues to move forward, the two inclined surfaces of the triangular push plate 11 squeeze and push the cut soil to both sides, thus forming a trench with an inverted trapezoidal cross-section. This triangular structure design disperses the trenching resistance along the inclined surfaces, resulting in less cutting resistance compared to right-angle or obtuse-angle trenchers. At the same time, the two inclined surfaces can smoothly guide the soil to both sides, preventing soil from accumulating in front of the trencher.

[0052] It should be noted that the high hardness of saline-alkali soil is due to the intense evaporation in arid and semi-arid regions. Salt in groundwater rises through capillary action and accumulates on the surface, crystallizing and binding with soil particles to form a hard salt crust. Simultaneously, saline-alkali soil has a high clay content; when dry, it loses moisture support, resulting in extremely strong interparticle bonding and the formation of a compacted layer. In some areas, the soil hardness in dry conditions can reach 5-10 MPa, comparable to low-grade concrete. Traditional trenching mechanisms have significant shortcomings when dealing with this hard soil: firstly, the initial resistance upon entry is too great, requiring significant downward pressure and traction from the tractor, easily leading to tractor slippage, insufficient power, or even malfunction; secondly, forced downward pressure can easily deform or damage the trencher tip; and thirdly, even if entry is achieved, fluctuations in resistance often result in unstable trench depth, making it impossible to guarantee the accurate application depth of the water-retaining agent.

[0053] To address the aforementioned issues, in this embodiment, the insertion mechanism 2 includes at least one impact unit 21, which is fixed to the connecting plate 14. Preferably, this embodiment employs three impact units 21 connected in parallel to ensure the uniformity and sufficient strength of the impact force.

[0054] The impact unit 21 includes a fixed tube 22, which is a vertically arranged hollow circular tube. A horizontal plate 23 is installed inside the fixed tube 22, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube 22 and divides the fixed tube 22 into an upper chamber 231 and a lower chamber 232. An impact rod 24 is installed at the bottom of the lower chamber 232. The impact rod 24 is a vertically arranged rod-shaped component, and a fixed block 25, which is a hemispherical structure, is installed at its top and fixedly connected to the top of the impact rod 24. A swing block 26 is also installed inside the lower chamber 232. The swing block 26 is a near-hemispherical component, and a support rod 27 is installed at its top, extending vertically upwards. The bottom of the swing block 26 contacts the top of the fixed block 25. Because the fixed block 25 is hemispherical, the bottom of the swing block 26 makes point contact with it, and in its natural state, the swing block 26 is tilted. A first spring is provided between the swing block 26 and the horizontal plate 23. The first spring is sleeved on the outside of the support rod 27, with its lower end abutting the top of the swing block 26 and its upper end abutting the lower surface of the horizontal plate 23.

[0055] A through groove 28 is provided on the horizontal plate 23, which penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal plate 23. The cross-section of the through groove 28 is trapezoidal, with the opening width of the through groove 28 on the upper surface of the horizontal plate 23 being smaller than the opening width on the lower surface. A push rod 29 is provided at the top of the support rod 27. The diameter of the push rod 29 is smaller than the diameter of the support rod 27. The push rod 29 extends upward through the through groove 28 to the top of the horizontal plate 23. Due to the tilted state of the swing block 26, the push rod 29 is also tilted in the through groove 28.

[0056] An impact assembly 7 for generating impact force is installed in the upper chamber 231. The impact assembly 7 includes a movable column 71, which is a cylindrical component disposed in the upper chamber 231 and can slide up and down along the inner wall of the fixed tube 22. A groove 72 is provided at the center of the movable column 71. The groove 72 is a downward-opening recessed structure, and its shape matches the top of the push rod 29. The top of the movable column 71 is connected to the top inner wall of the fixed tube 22 by a second spring. The second spring is always in a pre-compressed state, giving the movable column 71 a downward tendency to move. The end of the impact rod 24 away from the fixed block 25 extends downward from the bottom of the fixed tube 22 and is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 14.

[0057] It should be noted that the trenching mechanism 1 is equipped with a connector, which is used to connect with a mobile device such as a tractor. This is a conventional setting and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0058] The working process and principle of this embodiment are as follows: When the device is lowered to prepare for soil insertion, the insertion plate 12 first contacts the hard soil. As the device continues to move downward, the insertion plate 12 is subjected to an upward reaction force from the soil. This force is transmitted to the connecting plate 14 through the triangular push plate 11, and then to the impact rod 24, which is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 14. After receiving an upward thrust, the impact rod 24 drives the fixing block 25 to move upward.

[0059] As the fixed block 25 moves upward, it pushes the swing block 26, which is in contact with it, upward. Simultaneously, due to the point contact between the bottom of the swing block 26 and the hemispherical fixed block 25, the swing block 26 gradually transitions from an inclined state to a vertical state during its upward movement. When the swing block 26 moves upward, it compresses the first spring, simultaneously driving the support rod 27 and the push rod 29 upward along the trapezoidal through-slot 28. During the upward movement, because the through-slot 28 has a trapezoidal cross-section that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, the push rod 29 is guided by the sidewall of the through-slot 28 and gradually swings from an inclined state towards the center; that is, the top of the push rod 29 gradually approaches the center of the groove 72 of the moving column 71.

[0060] Meanwhile, as the push rod 29 moves upward, its top end remains in contact with the bottom of the moving column 71, pushing the moving column 71 upward against the elastic force of the second spring. As the push rod 29 continues to move upward and gradually straightens, when the top end of the push rod 29 is exactly aligned with the groove 72 of the moving column 71, under the elastic force of the second spring, the moving column 71 instantly returns to its original position downward, and the inner wall of the groove 72 violently impacts the top end of the push rod 29.

[0061] The impact force at this instant is transmitted through the push rod 29 to the support rod 27, then through the support rod 27 to the swing block 26, then through the swing block 26 to the fixed block 25, and finally through the impact rod 24 to the connecting plate 14. Since the three impact units 21 are arranged in parallel, the three impact forces act on the connecting plate 14 simultaneously, forming a powerful instantaneous impact force. This impact force is transmitted through the connecting plate 14 to the triangular push plate 11 and the insertion plate 12, causing the insertion plate 12 to instantly break through the hard salt crust and hardened layer and smoothly insert into the predetermined depth.

[0062] In this embodiment, the impact unit 21 converts the continuous thrust of the device during downward movement into an instantaneously released impact force. Ordinary static pressure is difficult to penetrate hard soil, while instantaneous impact force can generate a huge peak load in a very short time, causing the soil to undergo instantaneous brittle failure, thereby greatly reducing the difficulty of soil penetration.

[0063] Meanwhile, this purely mechanical energy storage-triggering mechanism relies entirely on geometric fit and spring force, requiring no electronic control components, making it particularly suitable for harsh working conditions such as saline-alkali land with high dust levels, humidity, and environmental stress. Furthermore, after the impact, each component automatically resets under the action of the first and second springs, ready for the next impact on hard soil layers, thus achieving continuous operation capability.

[0064] In summary, this application, through the insertion mechanism 2, utilizes the mechanical linkage of multiple impact units 21 to transform the continuous thrust of the device downward movement into instantaneous impact force, effectively overcoming the problem of soil penetration into the hard surface of saline-alkali land, ensuring the accuracy and stability of trenching depth, and laying the foundation for subsequent water-retaining agent laying.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Reference Figure 9 - Figure 11 The second embodiment of this application provides a device for laying soil water-retaining agent, including a feeding mechanism 3, a side support mechanism 5, a crushing mechanism 4 and a guide scraper 6.

[0067] The feeding mechanism 3 includes a limiting block 31 disposed on one side of the connecting block 13. A feeding motor 32 is fixed on the limiting block 31. A conveying pipe 33 is disposed below the feeding motor 32. A feeding screw 34 is connected to the output end of the feeding motor 32. The feeding screw 34 is located inside the conveying pipe 33. A connecting pipe 35 is disposed on one side of the conveying pipe 33. The connecting pipe 35 is used to convey water-retaining agent to the conveying pipe 33. A downwardly inclined guide groove 36 is opened on the side of the connecting block 13 near the connecting pipe 35. The bottom of the feeding screw 34 extends out of the conveying pipe 33 and is connected to the crushing mechanism 4 through a bevel gear transmission pair.

[0068] Specifically, the limiting block 31 is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting block 13 to support and fix the feeding motor 32. The feeding motor 32 is the drive source, and its output shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the feeding screw 34. The conveying pipe 33 is a cylindrical structure, sleeved on the outside of the feeding screw 34. The upper end of the conveying pipe 33 is closed, and the lower end is open and faces the guide groove 36. The connecting pipe 35 is inclinedly arranged on one side of the conveying pipe 33, with its lower end communicating with the inside of the conveying pipe 33 and its upper end connected to the external water-retaining agent hopper.

[0069] The quantitative conveying principle of the feeding screw 34 is as follows: the pitch and spiral groove depth of the feeding screw 34 are constant values. When the feeding motor 32 drives the feeding screw 34 to rotate at a constant speed, the water-retaining agent particles are forcibly pushed in the spiral groove, and the volume of water-retaining agent conveyed per revolution is fixed. Therefore, by controlling the speed and running time of the feeding motor 32, the conveying amount of water-retaining agent can be precisely controlled. When the feeding motor 32 starts, the water-retaining agent enters the conveying pipe 33 from the connecting pipe 35, moves downward along the conveying pipe 33 under the push of the feeding screw 34, and finally falls into the guide groove 36 from the lower outlet of the conveying pipe 33. The guide groove 36 is a smooth downward inclined groove. Under the action of gravity, the water-retaining agent particles slide down the guide groove 36 and finally fall into the bottom of the groove opened by the trenching mechanism 1.

[0070] The advantages of this feeding method are: first, the feeding amount is precise and controllable, and after matching with the forward speed of the device, the amount of water-retaining agent laid in the trench per unit length can be uniform and consistent; second, the feeding process is continuous and stable, and is not affected by external vibration and tilt angle; third, the feeding screw 34 and the crushing mechanism 4 are linked through the bevel gear transmission pair, realizing the driving of multiple functional modules by a single power source, which simplifies the overall structure of the machine.

[0071] The side support mechanism 5 includes two guide plates 51, which are connected to the rear sides of the triangular push plate 11 via a rotating shaft. When the triangular push plate 11 moves forward, the guide plates 51 rotate around the rotating shaft under the action of soil lateral pressure, and always fit against the side walls of the trench to form support.

[0072] Specifically, the guide plate 51 has a flat plate structure, and its rear end can extend to the crushing mechanism 4 area. The rotating shaft is located between the front end of the guide plate 51 and the two rear sides of the triangular push plate 11, allowing the guide plate 51 to swing freely around the rotating shaft within a certain angle range. The inner surface of the guide plate 51 is smooth to reduce friction with the soil.

[0073] The working principle of the guide plate 51 is as follows: When the triangular pusher plate 11 moves forward, it pushes the soil to both sides to form a trench. Under the action of gravity, the soil on both sides of the trench tends to collapse into the trench. Because the guide plate 51 is in contact with the sidewall of the trench, it is subjected to the pressure of the sidewall soil. This pressure causes the guide plate 51 to rotate inward around the rotation axis until the inner surface of the guide plate 51 is in close contact with the sidewall of the trench. When the sidewall of the trench has different inclination angles due to changes in soil properties, the guide plate 51 can adaptively adjust the angle to always maintain a close contact state.

[0074] The advantages of this adaptive support structure are: first, it effectively prevents the trench sidewalls from collapsing immediately after trenching, avoiding the collapse of soil directly into the trench bottom and impacting the uncovered water-retaining agent layer; second, the guide plate 51 fits into the sidewall to form temporary support for the trench, creating a stable space for subsequent crushing and backfilling operations; and third, the adaptive characteristics of the guide plate 51 enable it to adapt to changes in trench shape under different soil conditions without the need for manual adjustment.

[0075] The crushing mechanism 4 includes rotating rods 41 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the triangular push plate 11. The rotating rods 41 are connected to the feeding screw 34 through a bevel gear transmission pair. Multiple fixing pins 42 for crushing soil are provided on the rotating rods 41.

[0076] Specifically, the rotating rod 41 is a horizontally positioned rod-shaped component. Its front end is mounted on both sides of the triangular push plate 11 via bearing seats, and its rear end extends rearward to the area of ​​the guide scraper 6. The axis of the rotating rod 41 is parallel to or at a small angle to the forward direction of the device. The fixing pins 42 are needle-shaped or toothed components, arranged alternately along the axial and circumferential directions of the rotating rod 41, and fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod 41. The bevel gear transmission pair includes a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear. The driving bevel gear is mounted on the bottom extension end of the feeding screw 34, and the driven bevel gear is mounted on the front end of the rotating rod 41. The two mesh and transmit power.

[0077] As the device moves forward, the feeding motor 32 drives the feeding screw 34 to rotate, and the feeding screw 34 drives the rotating rods 41 on both sides to rotate synchronously through a bevel gear transmission pair. When the rotating rods 41 rotate, the fixed pins 42 rotate at high speed, striking the soil that has been turned up and moved to both sides by the trenching mechanism 1. The striking action of the fixed pins 42 breaks large pieces of soil into fine particles, while the rotation of the rotating rods 41 further loosens the soil.

[0078] The principle of soil crushing by the fixed needle 42 is as follows: when the fixed needle 42 rotates at high speed with the rotating rod 41, its linear velocity is much greater than the forward speed of the device, which is equivalent to repeatedly striking the soil clods. Each strike generates impact stress inside the soil clod. When the stress exceeds the tensile or shear strength of the soil clod, the soil clod breaks. The continuous striking of multiple fixed needles 42 can gradually break large clods of soil into fine particles. The advantages of this mechanical forced crushing method are: first, the crushing effect is thorough, which can fully refine the large clods of soil turned up during trenching, creating conditions for subsequent gentle backfilling; second, the crushed soil particles are uniform and have good fluidity, which can flow naturally during backfilling and is not easy to form new block structures; third, the crushing mechanism 4 and the feeding mechanism 3 are driven by the same source, ensuring the synchronization of feeding and crushing.

[0079] The guide scraper 6 is located on both sides behind the guide plate 51. The guide scraper 6 includes a gathering part 61 and a guiding part 62 connected to each other. The gathering part 61 is inclined to the inside of the device to gather the crushed soil towards the center of the trench. The guiding part 62 extends inclined towards the trench to guide the gathered soil back into the trench to cover the water-retaining agent.

[0080] Specifically, the guide scraper 6 has a folded plate structure, with its front end connected to or close to the rear of the guide plate 51, and its rear end tapering inward. The tapering section 61 is an inclined plate surface, forming a certain angle with the forward direction of the device, so that the soil processed by the crushing mechanism 4 is gradually guided towards the center of the trench after encountering the tapering section 61 as it moves backward. The guide section 62 is a continuation of the rear end of the tapering section 61, with its plate surface facing downward and inclined towards the center of the trench, and its end close to the top of the trench. During operation, the soil gathered by the tapering section 61 slides along the plate surface of the guide section 62 and finally slides into the trench from the end of the guide section 62.

[0081] The advantages of the guide scraper 6 are as follows: First, it enables gentle backfilling of soil, with the soil sliding down the guide section 62 rather than falling directly, greatly reducing the impact on the water-retaining agent layer at the bottom of the trench; second, the gathering section 61 concentrates and guides the soil scattered on both sides of the trench, ensuring uniform coverage of the backfill soil and avoiding local over- or under-covering; third, the guide scraper 6, in conjunction with the guide plate 51, forms a complete operation process from trenching and soil breaking to soil covering, with the soil being guided in an orderly manner under the protection of the side support mechanism 5, minimizing external interference.

[0082] In summary, this application achieves quantitative and continuous delivery of water-retaining agent through the feeding mechanism 3, prevents collapse by adaptively conforming to the trench wall through the side support mechanism 5, fully crushes and refines large pieces of soil through the crushing mechanism 4, and gently guides the crushed soil backfill through the guide scraper 6. Together, these measures ensure the purity and integrity of the water-retaining agent layer, effectively solving the technical problems of difficult trenching and the impact of large pieces of soil on the mixing of water-retaining agent in saline-alkali land laying operations.

[0083] As can be seen from Embodiments 1 and 2, the technical solution of this application uses the feeding motor 32 as a unified power source to integrate multiple functions such as quantitative feeding, forced soil crushing, adaptive wall protection, and gentle soil covering. The insertion mechanism 2 provides impact force at the moment of soil entry to break through the hard surface layer. After the feeding motor 32 starts, it synchronously drives the feeding screw 34 to quantitatively deliver water-retaining agent and the rotating rod 41 to rotate and crush the soil. The side support mechanism 5 adaptively fits the trench wall to prevent collapse. The guide scraper 6 gathers the crushed soil and guides backfilling. The whole process forms a pure mechanical operation closed loop from soil breaking and entry, quantitative material laying to soil crushing and gentle soil covering.

[0084] The significant advantages of this application are:

[0085] First, the continuous thrust of the device moving downward is converted into instantaneous impact force by the purely mechanical impact unit 21. The automatic cycle of energy storage-triggering-release is realized by utilizing the geometric constraints of the trapezoidal through-slot 28, which effectively overcomes the problem of soil entry into the hard surface of saline-alkali land and solves the problems of traditional trenching mechanisms having difficulty entering the soil in hard soil and slippage of traction machinery.

[0086] Secondly, the water-retaining agent is quantitatively delivered by using the spiral push of the feeding screw 34. By controlling the speed of the feeding motor 32, the amount of water-retaining agent laid in the trench per unit length can be precisely adjusted, ensuring the uniformity of the laying and solving the problem of the difficulty in accurately controlling the amount of material in the traditional laying method.

[0087] Third, the feeding screw 34 and the rotating rod 41 are mechanically linked by the bevel gear transmission pair, realizing the synchronous operation of feeding and crushing. The fixed pin 42 on the rotating rod 41 forcibly crushes large pieces of soil during rotation, which solves the problem of impact and mixing of large pieces of soil turned up during trenching and backfilling.

[0088] Fourth, the guide plate 51, which can rotate freely around the axis, adapts to the side wall of the trench. In conjunction with the guide scraper 6 behind, the crushed soil is gently guided backfill along the inclined plate surface, forming a complete protection system from trenching, soil crushing to soil covering, ensuring the purity and integrity of the water-retaining agent layer.

[0089] The working principle of this application is as follows:

[0090] First, when the device is lowered, the insertion plate 12 contacts the hard soil. The impact rod 24, which is subjected to upward pressure, moves the fixed block 25 upward. The swing block 26 compresses the first spring and moves the support rod 27 upward along the trapezoidal through groove 28. The push rod 29 gradually straightens under the guidance of the through groove 28 and abuts into the groove 72 of the moving column 71. The moving column 71 rapidly resets under the action of the second spring, generating an instantaneous impact force, which is transmitted to the connecting plate 14 through the impact rod 24, causing the insertion plate 12 to break through the hard surface.

[0091] Subsequently, the feeding motor 32 starts, driving the feeding screw 34 to rotate and push the water-retaining agent along the conveying pipe 33 to the guide groove 36. The water-retaining agent slides down the inclined guide groove 36 into the bottom of the trench. At the same time, the feeding screw 34 drives the rotating rods 41 on both sides to rotate synchronously through the bevel gear transmission pair. The fixed pins 42 on the rotating rods 41 beat and crush the soil turned up by the trench.

[0092] Then, as the device continues to move forward, the guide plates 51 on both sides rotate around the pivot under the action of soil lateral pressure, always sticking to the side wall of the trench to form support and prevent the trench wall from collapsing.

[0093] At the same time, the crushed soil moves backward to the guide scraper 6, the gathering part 61 gathers the soil scattered on both sides towards the center of the trench, and the guiding part 62 guides the gathered soil back into the trench along the inclined plate surface, gently covering the already laid water-retaining agent layer.

[0094] In summary, this application, through the quantitative feeding mechanism 3 and the forced crushing mechanism 4 driven uniformly by the feeding motor 32, combined with the instantaneous impact of the insertion mechanism 2, the adaptive wall protection of the side support mechanism 5, and the gentle covering of soil by the guide scraper 6, synergistically achieves rapid soil entry under hard soil conditions in saline-alkali land, quantitative and uniform laying of water-retaining agent, thorough crushing of large soil clods, and complete coverage of the water-retaining agent layer. It effectively solves the problems of difficulty in trenching and soil entry and the impact of large soil clods on the mixing of water-retaining agent in the prior art, and significantly improves the operation quality and reliability of the water-retaining agent layer laying device in saline-alkali land.

[0095] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A device for laying soil water-retaining agents, characterized in that: The system includes a trenching mechanism (1), an insertion mechanism (2) above the trenching mechanism (1) for providing instantaneous impact force to assist the trenching mechanism (1) in entering the soil, a feeding mechanism (3) on one side of the insertion mechanism (2) for quantitatively conveying water-retaining agent, a crushing mechanism (4) on both sides of the trenching mechanism (1) for crushing soil, and a side support mechanism (5) behind the trenching mechanism (1) for supporting the trench sidewalls to prevent collapse. Behind the side support mechanism (5) is a [missing information - likely a device or mechanism]. The crushed soil is scraped back onto the guide scraper (6) which covers the water-retaining agent; when the trenching mechanism (1) is obstructed from entering the soil, the insertion mechanism (2) assists the trenching mechanism (1) in breaking through the soil and entering the soil, the feeding mechanism (3) delivers the water-retaining agent into the trench, and drives the crushing mechanism (4) to crush the soil turned up by the trench through the transmission connection with the crushing mechanism (4), the side support mechanism (5) supports the side wall of the trench, and the guide scraper (6) guides the crushed soil back into the trench and covers it with the water-retaining agent.

2. The device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trenching mechanism (1) includes a triangular push plate (11), a triangular insertion plate (12) is provided at the bottom of the triangular push plate (11), a connecting block (13) is provided inside the triangular push plate (11), a connecting plate (14) is provided at the top of the connecting block (13), and the connecting plate (14) is connected to the insertion mechanism (2).

3. The device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insertion mechanism (2) includes at least one impact unit (21), which is fixed to the connecting plate (14). The impact unit (21) includes a fixed tube (22), and a horizontal plate (23) is provided inside the fixed tube (22). The horizontal plate (23) divides the fixed tube (22) into an upper chamber (231) and a lower chamber (232). An impact rod (24) is provided at the bottom of the lower chamber (232), and a fixed block (25) is provided at the top of the impact rod (24). A swing block (26) is also provided inside the lower chamber (232). The top of the swing block (26) is provided with a support rod (27). The bottom of the swing block (26) is in contact with the top of the fixed block (25) and is in an inclined state. A first spring is provided between the swing block (26) and the horizontal plate (23). A through groove (28) is provided on the horizontal plate (23). The cross section of the through groove (28) is a trapezoid with a smaller top and a larger bottom. A push rod (29) is provided at the top of the support rod (27). The push rod (29) passes through the through groove (28) and is inclined. An impact assembly (7) for generating impact force is provided in the upper chamber (231).

4. The device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 3, characterized in that: The impact assembly (7) includes a movable column (71), a groove (72) is provided at the center of the movable column (71), the top of the movable column (71) is connected to the inner wall of the top of the fixed tube (22) by a second spring, and the end of the impact rod (24) away from the fixed block (25) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (14).

5. The device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the insertion plate (12) contacts the hard soil and is subjected to upward compression, the impact rod (24) drives the fixed block (25) to move upward. The swing block (26) is pushed by the fixed block (25) to compress the first spring and drive the support rod (27) to move upward along the trapezoidal through groove (28). During the upward movement, the push rod (29) is guided by the through groove (28) and gradually swings towards the center and abuts into the groove (72) of the moving column (71). When the push rod (29) enters the groove (72), the moving column (71) is rapidly reset under the action of the second spring and impacts the top of the push rod (29) through the inner wall of the groove (72). The impact force is transmitted to the connecting plate (14) through the support rod (27), swing block (26), fixed block (25) and impact rod (24), thereby providing instantaneous impact force for the trenching mechanism (1).

6. The device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (3) includes a limiting block (31) disposed on one side of the connecting block (13). A feeding motor (32) is fixed on the limiting block (31). A conveying pipe (33) is disposed below the feeding motor (32). A feeding screw (34) is connected to the output end of the feeding motor (32). The feeding screw (34) is located inside the conveying pipe (33). A connecting pipe (35) is disposed on one side of the conveying pipe (33). The connecting pipe (35) is used to convey water-retaining agent to the conveying pipe (33). A downwardly inclined guide groove (36) is opened on the side of the connecting block (13) near the connecting pipe (35). The bottom of the feeding screw (34) extends out of the conveying pipe (33) and is connected to the crushing mechanism (4) through a bevel gear transmission pair.

7. The device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side support mechanism (5) includes two guide plates (51). The two guide plates (51) are connected to the rear sides of the triangular push plate (11) through a rotating shaft. When the triangular push plate (11) moves forward, the guide plates (51) rotate around the rotating shaft under the action of soil lateral pressure and always fit against the side walls of the trench.

8. The device for laying soil water-retaining agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (4) includes rotating rods (41) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the triangular push plate (11). The rotating rods (41) are connected to the feeding screw (34) through a bevel gear transmission pair. The rotating rods (41) are provided with a plurality of fixing pins (42) for crushing soil.

9. A device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the triangular push plate (11) moves forward, the feeding screw (34) drives the rotating rod (41) to rotate through the bevel gear transmission pair. The fixed pin (42) rotates with the rotating rod (41) and beats and crushes the soil turned up by the trenching mechanism (1). The crushed soil continues to move backward to the guide scraper (6).

10. A device for laying soil water-retaining agents according to claim 9, characterized in that: The guide scraper (6) is located on both sides behind the guide plate (51). The guide scraper (6) includes a gathering part (61) and a guiding part (62) connected to each other. The gathering part (61) is inclined to the inside of the device and is used to gather the crushed soil towards the center of the trench. The guiding part (62) extends inclined towards the trench and is used to guide the gathered soil back into the trench to cover the water-retaining agent.

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