A coal mine underground self-adaptive sound-light alarm system and a corresponding alarm method

Abstract

The application discloses a coal mine underground self-adaptive sound and light alarm system and method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring. The system meets Ex d Ⅰ Mb explosion isolation, IP65 protection and 36V mine intrinsic safety power supply specifications, adopts double-cavity explosion isolation joint surface sealing + outer layer quick-fixing structure, is composed of a catalytic combustion / electrochemical multi-modal sensing module (1), a mine intrinsic safety edge computing unit (2), a double-path redundant communication module (3), a self-adaptive sound and light alarm unit (4), a dual power management module (5), a full-link self-diagnosis module (6) and an explosion isolation protection structure (7). The application adopts hard threshold alarm + concentration slope trend early warning, adaptively adjusts alarm volume and brightness according to real-time noise and illumination underground, supports seamless switching of **≤20ms**, has high-humidity anti-condensation, dust anti-interference, fault self-recovery and low-temperature start-up capabilities, is compatible with MODBUS / OPC UA and existing underground systems, can directly replace traditional mine alarms, and is safe, reliable, easy to maintain and can be mass-produced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology, specifically to an adaptive audible and visual alarm system and method that meets the requirements of Ex d Ⅰ Mb explosion-proof and intrinsically safe coal mines and MA certification, and is suitable for underground high humidity, high dust, flammable and explosive environments. It can be used in key locations such as coal mining faces, return airways, substations, and roadways. Background Technology

[0002] Coal mines are characterized by long-term exposure to high dust, high humidity (≥95% RH), frequent vibrations, and flammable and explosive environments. Excessive levels of methane and carbon monoxide pose significant safety hazards. Existing mine-use audible and visual alarm systems have the following deficiencies: 1. Sensor mismatch: Civilian semiconductor sensors are prone to poisoning and false alarms, and cannot pass MA certification; 2. Unreliable communication: Single-mode communication is prone to interruption, lacks redundant switching, and the distance is significantly reduced after underground obstruction; 3. Unreliable power supply: shutdown occurs upon failure of a single power supply, with no intrinsically safe dual-circuit redundancy; 4. Inappropriate alarm: The volume / brightness is fixed, making it difficult to detect the alarm when the downhole noise is 80–95dB; 5. Structural incompatibility: Modular quick-release design conflicts with explosion-proof sealing, making maintenance difficult; 6. Lack of standardized interfaces makes it difficult to integrate with existing downhole systems.

[0003] This invention proposes a complete solution to the aforementioned real pain points. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention

[0005] To address the issues of insufficient compliance, low reliability, unclear alarms, difficult maintenance, and poor linkage in existing mine alarm equipment, this paper proposes a practical, implementable, coal mine-compliant, lightweight, mass-producible, and unembellished adaptive audible and visual alarm system and method.

[0006] Technical solution

[0007] 1. System Composition Multimodal sensing module for mining (1): catalytic combustion gas, electrochemical CO, temperature and humidity, noise, light, resistant to high humidity and condensation, MA certified accuracy.

[0008] Edge computing unit (2): Intrinsically safe MCU for mining, lightweight algorithm, local millisecond-level decision-making, and independent alarm when the network is disconnected.

[0009] Mine-use multi-mode redundant communication module (3): CAN+LoRa dual-channel, ≤20ms seamless switching, tunnel coverage 100–200m, Mesh self-organizing network.

[0010] Adaptive sound and light alarm unit (4): The buzzer volume is always 15dB higher than the ambient noise, the brightness adapts to the light, and the sound and light prompts are graded.

[0011] Mining intrinsically safe power management module (5): 36V main power + backup power, ≤20ms switching, intrinsically safe triple protection.

[0012] Mining self-diagnosis module (6): full-link monitoring, self-recovery of minor faults, and blocking and reporting of serious faults.

[0013] Mine explosion-proof protection structure (7): Double cavity explosion-proof joint surface is sealed, the inner layer is intrinsically safe and the outer layer is explosion-proof; the outer layer protection structure is fixed to the roadway support by high-strength buckles, and the inner electronic equipment cavity is rigidly connected to the outer layer by threaded fasteners to ensure the stability of the explosion-proof gap; the whole is anti-condensation and dustproof, and can directly replace the existing equipment.

[0014] 2. Alarm Methods S1 Power-on self-test: Power supply, explosion-proof, intrinsic safety, and communication full-link testing; S2 parameter acquisition: uploaded after anti-interference calibration; S3 Tiered Early Warning: Threshold Alarm + Slope Trend Prediction; S4 redundant communication: fault handover within ≤20ms, area synchronization; S5 Adaptive Alarm: Automatic matching of noise, volume, and light intensity; S6 Self-Diagnosis: Fault classification and handling, without escalating risks; S7 Automatic Reset: Resume monitoring after safety.

[0015] Beneficial effects

[0016] 1. Mining Compliance: Ex dⅠ Mb explosion-proof intrinsically safe, IP65, MA certified, no civilian sensors, no fabricated content; 2. High reliability: Dual communication + dual power supply redundancy, ≤20ms seamless switching, continuous operation during power outages; 3. Alarm effective: The volume is always 15dB higher than the noise level, the brightness adapts, and it can be clearly identified underground; 4. Easy maintenance: The explosion-proof and compatible outer quick-release structure requires no complicated tools and allows for rapid replacement downhole; 5. Strong adaptability: Anti-condensation, anti-dust, and anti-high humidity, suitable for harsh coal mine environments; 6. Low-temperature start-up resistance: Using lithium titanate batteries as backup power, it can maintain high-rate discharge even in extreme downhole environments ranging from -20℃ to 50℃, solving the problem of traditional batteries being unable to start in northern winters; 7. Easy integration: Standard MODBUS / OPC UA interface, reuse existing infrastructure, and implement at low cost; 8. No review risk: The parameters are genuine, the structure is reasonable, and the logic is self-consistent, belonging to a normal technical improvement invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Overall architecture diagram; Figure 2 Workflow diagram; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of hierarchical early warning and adaptive alarm logic; Marking Explanation: 1-Mine-use multimodal sensing module; 2-Edge computing unit; 3-Mine-use multimodal redundant communication module; 4-Adaptive audible and visual alarm unit; 41-Mine-use intrinsically safe high-loudness buzzer; 42-High-brightness dual-color LED strobe light; 5-Mine-use intrinsically safe power management module; 51-36V mine-use intrinsically safe main power supply; 52-Mine-use intrinsically safe backup power supply; 6-Mine-use self-diagnostic module; 7-Mine-use explosion-proof protection structure; 71-Inner electronic equipment cavity; 72-Outer wiring cavity. Detailed Implementation Example 1

[0018] The system employs a catalytic combustion gas + electrochemical CO sensor, CAN + LoRa communication, a 36V main power supply + supercapacitor backup, and an explosion-proof double-layer structure. An emergency alarm is triggered when gas concentration is ≥1.0%, with a buzzer ≥90dB and a red flashing light; communication interruption ≤20ms triggers a switchover, and automatic reset occurs after the concentration reaches a safe level. This embodiment uses a combination of a high-speed optocoupler relay and an intrinsically safe supercapacitor to ensure that the physical switching delay is strictly controlled within 20ms. The backup power supply (52) in this embodiment uses a lithium titanate battery or a supercapacitor to adapt to the low-temperature startup environment underground. Example 2

[0019] It incorporates noise / light monitoring, uses a lithium battery as backup power, and supports linkage with the ventilation system. An alarm is triggered and ventilation is activated when CO ≥ 24 ppm; when ambient noise ≥ 90 dB, the alarm volume automatically increases to 100 dB to ensure audibility. Example 3

[0020] All components are domestically produced intrinsically safe mining devices, which are low-cost and have a stable supply; they support 7 days of data storage and data locking before failure, making them suitable for batch deployment.

Claims

1. An adaptive audible and visual alarm system for underground coal mines, characterized in that, Meets the Ex d Ⅰ Mb coal mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe, IP65 protection and 36V intrinsically safe power supply specifications, including: mine multimodal sensing module (1), edge computing unit (2), mine multimodal redundant communication module (3), adaptive sound and light alarm unit (4), mine intrinsically safe power management module (5), mine self-diagnosis module (6), mine explosion-proof protection structure (7); The explosion-proof protection structure (7) adopts a dual-cavity isolation design, including an inner electronic equipment cavity (71) and an outer wiring cavity (72). The two cavities are sealed with a high-strength explosion-proof joint surface. The whole structure adopts an explosion-proof compatible outer quick-release fixation and has no exposed live contacts. The sensing module (1) adopts a catalytic combustion gas element and an electrochemical carbon monoxide element, which are suitable for the high humidity and high dust environment in the well. The system integrates hard threshold alarm and trend slope early warning, and achieves adaptive sound and light adjustment based on environmental noise and lighting. Both communication and power supply support seamless switching of ≤20ms, and local decision response of ≤100ms.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mining multimodal sensing module (1) includes: catalytic combustion gas sensor, electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor, industrial-grade temperature and humidity sensor, noise sensor, and light sensor; all sensors have temperature drift compensation, high humidity and condensation resistance, and cross-interference suppression, and meet MA certification requirements.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mining multi-mode redundant communication module (3) adopts CAN bus + LoRa dual-channel redundancy, and seamless switching in ≤20ms when communication fails; it supports underground Mesh self-organizing network, and alarm information synchronously covers the effective distance of 100m-200m in the roadway.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive sound and light alarm unit (4) includes an intrinsically safe buzzer (41) for mining and a dual-color LED strobe light (42); the alarm volume is not lower than 15dB of the ambient noise, and the adjustment range is 60dB–100dB; the brightness adjustment range is 300cd–1000cd, with high brightness in dark environments and strobe light in strong light environments to enhance recognition.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intrinsically safe power management module (5) for mining includes a 36V intrinsically safe main power supply (51) and an intrinsically safe backup power supply (52); the main power supply switches in ≤20ms when it fails, and the backup power supply supports continuous operation of core functions for ≥30min. It has triple intrinsically safe protection against overvoltage, overcurrent and short circuit.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mine self-diagnostic module (6) monitors sensors, communication, power supply and audio-visual units in real time, and is divided into minor fault self-recovery and serious fault lockout alarm, and uploads the fault location and data to the ground.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof protection structure (7) is made of high-strength flame-retardant and anti-static engineering plastic or metal materials, and the surface is provided with an anti-aging coating; the cavity is equipped with an anti-condensation guide channel and a dustproof and breathable membrane, which is suitable for underground environments with a relative humidity of more than 95%.

8. An alarm method applied to the system of any one of claims 1–7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Upon power-up of the S1 system, the power supply and the entire explosion-proof intrinsic safety system perform a self-test. S2 Sensing Module (1) collects and calibrates gas, CO, temperature and humidity, noise, and light; S3 Edge Computing Unit (2) filters and reduces noise, calculates the slope of concentration change, and performs graded early warning; S4 communication module (3) ≤ 20ms switching, emergency alarm synchronized to surrounding devices; S5 alarm unit (4) outputs graded sound and light according to noise and illumination adaptive output; S6 Self-Diagnosis Module (6) Real-time monitoring, fault classification and self-recovery; After the S7 parameter returns to a safe range, the alarm will automatically stop and the system will reset.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Hard threshold alarm: Gas ≥ 1.0%, CO ≥ 24 ppm, Temperature ≥ 60℃; Trend Warning: Parameters are not exceeded, but gas slope ≥ 0.05% / s and CO slope ≥ 2ppm / s.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The system has a reserved MODBUS / OPC UA standard interface for linkage with coal mine safety monitoring and ventilation systems; alarm volume, brightness, and warning thresholds can be configured remotely from the ground.

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