Anti-tornado deformable fan based on electro-driven shape memory effect

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of anti typhoon deformable fan based on electric drive shape memory effect, it is related to wind power generation technical field.The fan includes deformable blade and deformable tower tube, it is characterized in that: blade and tower tube respectively adopt lightweight aluminum alloy and high-strength structural steel to realize performance differentiation adaptation, and are all composed of ordinary metal section, shape memory alloy section and embedded serpentine silver heating wire.Remote control system is based on real-time wind speed v And early warning time Tp Establishes the coupling model of mechanics and thermodynamics, accurately drives shape memory alloy to generate the axial shrinkage amount matched with wind load by dynamically adjusting heating power and duty cycle;After power off, the structure is reset using metal spring with differentiated elastic coefficient.The application realizes the precise protection and cluster control of fan in the whole cycle of typhoon through quantitative intelligent control strategy, significantly improves the survival ability and structural reliability of unit under extreme working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation equipment technology, specifically to a wind turbine generator set with active deformation protection capability, and more particularly to a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the global renewable energy industry, wind power has become a core component of the clean energy system. Coastal and offshore wind power, with its advantages of large wind energy reserves, high annual utilization hours, no land occupation, and suitability for large-scale cluster development, has become a core direction for the global wind power industry. However, coastal and offshore wind farms are located in areas with frequent typhoon activity. Under extreme typhoon conditions, instantaneous wind speeds can exceed 60 m / s, far exceeding the design safety wind speed of conventional wind turbines. The turbine blades and towers will bear enormous wind loads, easily leading to major safety accidents such as blade breakage, tower overturning and instability, and nacelle damage. This not only causes huge economic and power generation losses but also severely impacts the safe and stable operation of the regional power grid. How to improve the survivability of wind turbines under extreme typhoon conditions has become a core technical challenge that urgently needs to be solved in the development of coastal and offshore wind power.

[0003] Currently, the industry's technical solutions for wind turbines to withstand typhoons are mainly divided into two categories: passive protection and active control. Passive protection solutions primarily focus on reinforcing blade materials and thickening and strengthening the tower structure. These solutions can only increase the wind turbine's load-bearing capacity by improving structural strength, but cannot fundamentally reduce the wind load on the turbine under extreme wind conditions. They still face a very high risk of structural failure in the face of super typhoons, and also significantly increase the manufacturing cost, transportation cost, and on-site construction difficulty, thus exhibiting significant limitations in both economics and practicality. Active control solutions mainly rely on pitch control technology, adjusting the blade pitch angle to a feathered position when a typhoon approaches to reduce the windward area of ​​the blades. While this solution can reduce wind load to some extent, the blade length and tower height remain unchanged, failing to achieve a significant reduction in the overall windward area of ​​the turbine. Therefore, its typhoon protection effect has a clear upper limit. Furthermore, under extreme operating conditions, there is a risk of delayed response and jamming failure of the pitch mechanism, making it impossible to provide stable and reliable safety protection for the wind turbine.

[0004] In addition, existing deformable wind turbine technologies employ hydraulic drives and mechanical linkages to achieve blade or tower deformation. These solutions are not only structurally complex with numerous components, but also prone to failure in harsh offshore environments characterized by high salt spray, high humidity, and strong corrosion. They also suffer from high daily maintenance costs, short service life, and slow deformation response, making it impossible to achieve rapid, clustered management of dozens or even hundreds of wind turbines in a wind farm, hindering large-scale commercial application. Existing technologies that utilize shape memory alloys for typhoon resistance generally suffer from unreasonable heating methods, poor deformation uniformity, and unreliable reset mechanisms. They fail to achieve coordinated and controllable deformation of the blades and tower, and lack a complete typhoon-lifecycle protection and control logic, resulting in low engineering application value and failing to meet the actual needs of coastal and offshore wind farms. To address these shortcomings, this invention proposes a novel typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric-driven shape memory effect, fundamentally solving the core problems of insufficient typhoon resistance, complex protection structures, slow response, low reliability, and inability to achieve clustered management in existing wind turbines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the numerous limitations of existing typhoon-resistant wind turbine technologies, namely that passive reinforcement schemes cannot fundamentally reduce extreme wind loads and significantly increase manufacturing costs, variable pitch active control schemes have a clear upper limit to their protective effect and are prone to mechanical jamming failures, hydraulic / mechanical transmission deformable schemes have complex structures, high failure rates, and are difficult to manage in clusters, existing shape memory alloy application schemes have insufficient deformation uniformity and reset reliability, and lack quantitative full-cycle intelligent control logic, this invention proposes a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on the electric drive shape memory effect.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect, the wind turbine including deformable blades, a deformable tower and a remote control system; The main structure of the deformable blade is divided into three parts: upper blade, middle blade and lower blade. The middle blade is made of shape memory alloy and can be axially contracted. The middle blade has a pre-embedded silver heating wire. The upper blade and lower blade are connected to the middle blade through blade springs. The main structure of the deformable tower is divided into three parts: an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder, and a lower cylinder. The middle cylinder is made of shape memory alloy blocks, and its axial load-bearing capacity in the austenitic state matches that of the upper and lower cylinder metal sections, ensuring that it can complete the retraction action while supporting the heavy load of the nacelle. The middle cylinder is pre-embedded with tower silver heating wires, which are distributed in multiple arrays to ensure uniform heating. The upper and lower cylinders are connected to the middle cylinder through tower springs. The remote control system is used to obtain the typhoon arrival warning time and monitor the real-time wind speed. It dynamically adjusts the input power of the heating wire according to the typhoon arrival warning time to control the deformation speed of the blades and tower, and dynamically adjusts the deformation amount of the blades and tower according to the real-time wind speed.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper and lower blades are made of 7075 aluminum alloy to reduce the rotational inertia of the blades, while the middle blade is made of nickel-titanium-niobium (NiTiNb) shape memory alloy.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper and lower cylinders are made of Q420ND high-strength structural steel to ensure the overall support rigidity of the tower; the middle cylinder is made of nickel-titanium-copper (NiTiCu) shape memory alloy blocks.

[0009] Furthermore, the serpentine silver heating wires embedded inside the shape memory alloy segment are arranged in a continuous S-shape with equal spacing along the length of the shape memory alloy. The heating wires have an axial tensile elasticity margin of not less than 10% to achieve synchronous expansion and contraction with the intermediate shape memory alloy segment. This enables uniform heating of the entire shape memory alloy segment while ensuring the structural integrity and operational stability of the heating wires throughout the deformation process.

[0010] Furthermore, after being energized, the stretchable heating wire continuously heats up, causing the shape memory alloy to exceed its phase transformation temperature, resulting in a preset axial shrinkage deformation. The remote control system dynamically adjusts the deformation amount based on the monitored real-time wind speed v, and the formula for calculating the target shrinkage ratio η is as follows: in, For the target shrinkage length, The initial length of the component. The ultimate wind speed load value designed for the unit, k1 is the material deformation correction coefficient, whose value is preset based on the phase transformation strain characteristics of the shape memory alloy and the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the wind turbine structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the quantitative interpretation formula for the material deformation correction coefficient k1 is as follows: In the formula, The phase transformation strain adaptation coefficient of the shape memory alloy is the ratio of the maximum allowable axial phase transformation strain of the shape memory alloy segment of the corresponding component to the maximum design shrinkage strain of the component. The value ranges from 0.2 to 0.95 and is precisely calibrated by the composition ratio of the nickel-titanium-niobium / nickel-titanium-copper shape memory alloy and the vacuum heat treatment process. It is the aerodynamic drag correction coefficient of the wind turbine structure. Its value is the ratio of the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the corresponding component in the retracted protection state to the aerodynamic drag coefficient in the initial working state. It is pre-calibrated through wind turbine aerodynamic performance simulation and wind tunnel test data. The structural safety redundancy coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.8 to 1.0, is used to avoid the risk of structural overload caused by instantaneous fluctuations in extreme wind speeds. It is set based on historical typhoon extreme wind speed statistics for the wind farm's location. By adjusting the continuous energizing time of the heating wire, the shrinkage ratio of the blades and tower is matched with the real-time wind load, thereby achieving quantitative and precise control of the deformation.

[0012] Furthermore, maintaining a stable current ensures that the temperature and shrinkage deformation state of the shape memory alloy remain stable. Under shrinkage protection conditions, the remote control system adjusts the duty cycle of the heating wire based on real-time wind speed fluctuations (v) to maintain the shape memory alloy segment within a constant austenitic phase transformation temperature range, ensuring the shrinkage amount... Maintain stability. After power failure, the shape memory alloy cools down naturally, its stiffness decreases significantly, and the rigid constraint on the reset mechanism is released.

[0013] Furthermore, the remote control system is based on the typhoon arrival warning time. The input electrical power P of the heating wire is dynamically adjusted to control the deformation speed, which satisfies the following: Where m is the mass of the corresponding shape memory alloy segment. For the specific heat capacity of the material, Phase transition temperature For ambient temperature, To improve electrothermal conversion efficiency; the deformation speed can be actively adjusted by adjusting the input current to meet the protection needs of different typhoon warning cycles.

[0014] Furthermore, the blade spring and tower spring are in their natural original length in the initial installation state; after energization, the shape memory alloy segment contracts and deforms, and the blade spring and tower spring are synchronously compressed and store elastic potential energy. At this time, the shape memory alloy is in a high-stiffness austenitic state, forming a rigid constraint; when the power is cut off and the structure is reset, the shape memory alloy transforms into a low-stiffness martensitic state, and the blade spring and tower spring release elastic potential energy to drive the blade and tower to return to their original length.

[0015] Furthermore, the elastic coefficient of the tower spring is greater than that of the blade spring, thereby achieving performance differentiation and deformation timing coordination between the blade and the tower.

[0016] Furthermore, the wind turbine-supported wind farm cluster remote control system of the present invention performs step-by-step timing control of deformation and reset: During the shrinkage protection phase, the deformable blades are first controlled to shrink under heat. Once the blade displacement sensor on the blade confirms that the shrinkage is in place, the deformable tower is then controlled to shrink under heat. During the reset and recovery phase, the deformable tower is first controlled to undergo power-off cooling reset. After the tower returns to its initial height, the deformable blades are then controlled to undergo power-off cooling reset.

[0017] When a typhoon strikes, in order to prevent wind turbines from being damaged by extreme wind loads, staff can issue unified instructions to implement standardized protection procedures for all deformable wind turbines in the wind farm, enabling rapid clustered management and control of dozens to hundreds of units in the wind farm.

[0018] Furthermore, once the typhoon has completely passed, staff can issue unified instructions to perform a standardized reset procedure on all deformable wind turbines in the wind farm. The entire machine is reset in strict accordance with the preset timing control logic. The drive circuit is then kept de-energized until the next typhoon warning arrives, at which point the protection procedure is restarted.

[0019] Furthermore, by adjusting the composition ratio and heat treatment process of shape memory alloys, their phase transformation temperature and axial shrinkage rate can be precisely adjusted. By matching the elastic parameters of the metal coarse spring and the heating power of the heating wire, the protection requirements of different wind speed levels and different specifications of fans can be adapted to achieve customized design of deformation protection parameters.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention addresses the limitations of existing typhoon-resistant wind turbine technologies, namely, passive reinforcement schemes cannot fundamentally reduce extreme wind loads and significantly increase manufacturing costs; variable pitch active control schemes have a clear upper limit to their protective effect and are prone to mechanical jamming failures; hydraulic / mechanical transmission deformable schemes have complex structures, high failure rates, and are difficult to manage in clusters; existing shape memory alloy application schemes have insufficient deformation uniformity and reset reliability; and there is a lack of quantitative full-cycle intelligent control logic. Therefore, this invention proposes a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on the electric drive shape memory effect.

[0021] The innovation of this invention lies in achieving controllable axial deformation of wind turbine blades and towers through the synergistic design of electric phase change and elastic reset; establishing a direct correlation between electrical signals and wind turbine structural morphology by utilizing the temperature-deformation characteristics of shape memory alloys, breaking through the principle limitations of traditional typhoon-resistant solutions; achieving precise full-parameter control of wind turbine deformation amount and deformation speed by supplementing the quantitative calculation formula of material deformation correction coefficient through a mechanical-thermodynamic coupling quantitative model based on real-time wind speed and typhoon warning time; and realizing rapid synchronous protection and reset of multiple wind turbine units throughout the typhoon cycle through strict step-by-step timing control and clustered remote management.

[0022] This invention completely breaks through the development bottleneck of existing wind turbine anti-typhoon technology. It can significantly reduce the windward area of ​​the wind turbine through the electric drive shape memory effect, thereby reducing the wind load under extreme typhoon conditions from the root. It is a typhoon-resistant wind turbine solution with simple and reliable structure, rapid response, quantitative controllability, convenient implementation, and cluster management. It can significantly improve the survivability and structural reliability of wind turbines under extreme typhoon conditions and is suitable for use in coastal and strong wind areas. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and working mode of a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on the electric drive shape memory effect; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a shape memory alloy changing its shape by heating it with electricity and then resetting it by cooling it when the electricity is turned off; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall workflow and structure of a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine blade shrinkage protection and reset based on the electric drive shape memory effect. In the figure: Deformable blade 1, Deformable tower 2; Blade ordinary metal 101; Blade shape memory alloy 102; Blade silver heating wire 103; Blade spring 104; Tower ordinary metal 201; Tower shape memory alloy 202; Tower silver heating wire 203; Tower spring 204. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] As shown in Figures 1-3, this invention provides a typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric-driven shape memory effect. The core components include deformable blades 1 and deformable tower 2, and are equipped with an electric-driven heating system made of stretchable heating wires made of silver material, an elastic reset mechanism made of thick metal springs, and a remote cluster control system adapted to wind field management. The wind turbine can achieve active contraction protection under typhoon conditions and precise reset under normal conditions through electric control. The deformation amount and deformation speed can be quantitatively and precisely controlled based on real-time wind speed and typhoon warning time.

[0026] The deformable blade 1 adopts a three-section coaxial composite structure, divided into upper, middle, and lower parts along the blade axis. The upper and lower parts are made of ordinary blade metal 101, while the middle part is made of blade shape memory alloy 102. The ordinary blade metal 101 is made of 7075 high-strength aluminum alloy or titanium alloy commonly used in wind turbine blades to reduce the blade's rotational inertia. Its root section is equipped with a standard mounting flange that is fully compatible with the wind turbine hub, and the tip section adopts an aerodynamic shape design consistent with conventional wind turbines. It can be directly connected to the hub and pitch system of existing wind turbines without the need to modify the wind turbine nacelle and hub structure. The blade shape memory alloy 102 is made of nickel-titanium-niobium (NiTiNb) based shape memory alloy with bidirectional axial memory effect. It has a high axial shrinkage rate, which ensures that the blade length can be rapidly and significantly reduced under typhoon conditions. The end faces of the blade are perfectly matched with the mating end faces of the ordinary metal 101 on both sides of the blade. Through alloy composition ratio and vacuum heat treatment process, its austenitic phase transformation temperature can be precisely controlled in the range of 40℃-80℃, which is fully adaptable to the shrinkage protection requirements of blades of different lengths. Its maximum axial shrinkage rate can be preset according to the aerodynamic design requirements of the wind turbine, matching the control range of the target shrinkage ratio.

[0027] The blade shape memory alloy 102 has a pre-embedded serpentine channel evenly distributed along the axial direction inside. A stretchable silver heating wire 103 is threaded through the channel. The stretchable silver heating wire 103 is made of high-purity silver wire. A single heating wire is arranged in a continuous S-shaped serpentine direction along the entire length of the pre-embedded channel. Multiple sets of heating wires are evenly distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the blade shape memory alloy 102 to ensure that the alloy section can be heated uniformly without dead angles when energized. This avoids the problems of asynchronous phase transformation and uneven deformation caused by local temperature differences. The low thermal inertia design enables rapid response. The silver heating wire 103 of the stretchable silver blade is uniformly coated with a high-temperature resistant polyimide insulating coating with a thickness of not less than 20μm, which can withstand long-term operating temperatures above 200℃. It also has an axial tensile deformation allowance of not less than 10%, allowing it to expand and contract synchronously with the shape memory alloy 102 of the blade. It will not experience problems such as wire breakage, insulation damage, or short-circuit failure throughout its entire lifespan. The two ends of the heating wire are led out through sealed, waterproof, and insulated connectors, electrically connected to the drive control circuit in the main control cabinet of the wind turbine. Its rated operating voltage is compatible with the existing 380V auxiliary power supply system of the wind turbine. The heating power can be designed to match the alloy section volume, phase change temperature, and typhoon warning time, ensuring that the entire alloy section can be heated to above the phase change temperature within a preset time after power-on, meeting the active control requirements of the deformation speed.

[0028] Between the mating end faces of the ordinary metal blade 101 and the shape memory alloy blade 102, a thick metal spring, known as a blade spring 104, is installed, together forming the elastic reset mechanism of the deformable blade 1. The blade spring 104 is made of 60Si2Mn or 50CrVA high-strength alloy spring steel, and after quenching and medium-temperature tempering heat treatment, it possesses stable elastic properties and fatigue resistance. The inner diameter of the spring is adapted to the outer diameter of the blade body. Both ends are equipped with annular connecting flanges that match the mating end faces, and are rigidly fixed to the end faces of the ordinary metal blade 101 and the shape memory alloy blade 102 respectively by high-strength bolts. The connection points are treated with anti-corrosion sealing. In the initial installation state, the blade spring 104 is at its natural original length, and its rated compression perfectly matches the maximum axial contraction of the shape memory alloy blade 102. The maximum elastic recovery force under compression is greater than the axial deformation resistance of the martensitic shape memory alloy, ensuring stable drive of the alloy segment to complete reset after power failure, without jamming or incomplete reset.

[0029] The deformable tower 2 adopts a three-section coaxial composite structure consistent with the deformable blade 1, divided into upper, middle, and lower parts along the tower axis. The upper and lower parts are made of ordinary tower metal 201, while the middle part is made of tower shape memory alloy 202. The ordinary tower metal 201 is made of Q355ND and Q420ND low-alloy high-strength structural steel commonly used in wind turbine towers to ensure the overall support rigidity of the tower. The bottom of the lower section is equipped with a foundation flange that is fully compatible with the wind turbine foundation platform, and the top of the upper section is equipped with a nacelle connection flange that matches the wind turbine nacelle base. It can be directly connected to the existing wind turbine foundation and nacelle structure without the need to modify the civil engineering foundation and nacelle installation structure. The tower shape memory alloy 202 is made of a large-size nickel-titanium-copper (NiTiCu) shape memory alloy adapted to the heavy load conditions of the tower. Its axial load capacity in the austenitic state matches that of the ordinary metal section of the tower, ensuring that it can complete the contraction action while supporting the heavy load of the nacelle. Its cylinder diameter and wall thickness are completely consistent with the ordinary metal 201 of the tower on both sides. Through the composition ratio and heat treatment process, its phase transformation temperature is consistent with that of the blade shape memory alloy 102, and its axial contraction rate matches that of the blade contraction rate, ensuring the coordination of the deformation of the entire wind turbine. At the same time, its axial load capacity can fully meet the stress requirements of the wind turbine tower's self-weight, nacelle and blade loads and wind loads.

[0030] The tower shape memory alloy 202 has multiple sets of serpentine embedded channels evenly distributed along the axial and circumferential directions inside. Silver stretchable tower silver heating wires 203 are inserted in the channels. The material, insulation treatment and stretchability of the silver stretchable tower silver heating wires 203 are consistent with those of the silver stretchable heating wires 103. The number of sets and the power of each set are matched and designed according to the volume, wall thickness and typhoon warning time of the tower shape memory alloy 202. The multiple array distribution ensures that the alloy section can be uniformly heated to above the phase change temperature within a preset time after power is applied, so as to achieve synchronous axial contraction. Between the mating end faces of the ordinary metal 201 and the shape memory alloy 202 of the tower, a thick metal spring, namely the tower spring 204, is respectively provided, which together constitutes the elastic reset mechanism of the deformable tower 2. The tower spring 204 is made of high-strength alloy spring steel with large wire diameter adapted to the heavy load conditions of the tower. Its rated compression is matched with the maximum shrinkage of the shape memory alloy 202 of the tower. The elastic restoring force can overcome the self-weight of the tower and the deformation resistance of the martensitic alloy, ensuring that the tower alloy section can be smoothly driven to complete the reset after power failure, without the problems of off-center load or jamming. Moreover, the elastic coefficient of the tower spring 204 is greater than that of the blade spring 104, realizing the differentiated adaptation of the reset performance of the blade and the tower, and meeting the reset requirements under different load conditions.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2, the core working principle of the electric-driven phase change deformation and elastic reset of the present invention is as follows: When the silver heating wire of the stretchable blade and the silver heating wire of the tower are connected to the power supply, the heating wire continuously generates Joule heat, which is uniformly transferred to the shape memory alloy. When the overall temperature of the alloy rises above the preset austenitic phase transformation temperature, the shape memory alloy transforms from the martensitic phase to the austenitic phase and undergoes the preset axial contraction deformation. Simultaneously, the blade spring and the tower spring connected at both ends are axially compressed. At this time, the shape memory alloy in the austenitic phase has extremely high stiffness and strength, which can form a stable rigid constraint on the compressed spring, making it unable to rebound. When the power supply current of the heating wire remains constant, the temperature of the shape memory alloy can be stably maintained above the phase transformation temperature, and its axial contraction deformation state can be kept stable for a long time, providing a continuous contraction protection effect for the wind turbine. During the typhoon's sustained impact, the remote control system dynamically adjusts the power supply duty cycle of the heating wire based on real-time wind speed fluctuations (v), offsetting temperature deviations caused by changes in ambient temperature and wind speed fluctuations. This maintains the shape memory alloy segment within a constant austenitic phase transformation temperature range, ensuring stable shrinkage ΔL and achieving dynamic closed-loop control in the protective state. When the power supply to the heating wire is disconnected, the shape memory alloy gradually cools down through natural convection. When the temperature drops below the martensitic phase transformation temperature, the alloy transforms from austenitic to martensitic, and its axial stiffness decreases by more than three orders of magnitude. The rigid constraint on the compression spring is completely released. At this point, the compressed blade spring and tower spring recover to their original length using their stored elastic potential energy, simultaneously pushing the shape memory alloy to stretch axially and return to its initial installed length, completing the deformation reset of the wind turbine structure.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3, the shrinkage protection and reset process of deformable blade 1 is achieved through precise power-on and power-off timing control and quantitative deformation regulation based on real-time wind speed. When the wind farm management center receives typhoon warning information issued by the meteorological department, the staff issues protection preparation instructions to all wind turbines in the field through the remote cluster control system. The wind turbine main control system completes self-checks of the heating wire drive circuit, power supply system, and status monitoring sensors. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, it enters the ready-to-trigger state. The system simultaneously acquires the real-time wind speed v and the unit's design limit wind speed bearing value vmax. Combined with the preset material deformation correction coefficient k1, the target shrinkage amount ΔL of the blade is determined through the target shrinkage ratio calculation formula. Simultaneously, based on the typhoon arrival warning time Tp, the target input power P of the heating wire is determined through the input power calculation formula, thus completing the pre-calculation of deformation parameters. Subsequently, a power-on contraction command is issued, prioritizing the connection of the power supply circuit for the silver heating wire 103 inside the deformable blade 1. The heating wire rapidly heats up at a preset power, raising the blade shape memory alloy 102 to above the phase transition temperature, completing the axial contraction deformation matched to the real-time wind speed. The axial length of the wind turbine blade is reduced, and the windward area is significantly decreased, entering a protective standby state. After the main control system confirms that the blade has contracted to the correct position via displacement sensors installed on the blade, it locks the blade deformation state. Once the typhoon has completely passed and the meteorological department has lifted the typhoon warning, the staff issues a reset command through the remote cluster control system. After the deformable tower 2 has fully reset, the power supply to the silver heating wire 103 inside the deformable blade 1 is cut off. The blade shape memory alloy 102 cools down naturally, reducing its stiffness. The blade spring 104 rebounds, driving the blade shape memory alloy 102 back to its initial length. After the main control system confirms that the blade has reset to the correct position via displacement sensors, the deformable blade 1 completes the entire reset process, and the wind turbine returns to normal operating status, ready to carry out pitch regulation and grid-connected power generation operations.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the entire process of typhoon protection and reset of the wind turbine in this invention achieves safe and stable operation through strict timing control and quantitative parameter regulation. Based on the historical maximum typhoon wind speed in the wind farm area, the rated capacity of the wind turbine, the blade length, and the tower height, the phase change temperature and axial shrinkage rate of the shape memory alloy can be precisely adjusted in advance by controlling the composition ratio and heat treatment process. By matching the heating power of the silver heating wires of the stretchable silver blades and the silver heating wires of the tower, as well as the elastic parameters of the blade springs and tower springs, and by presetting the material deformation correction coefficient k1, the wind turbine can complete the shrinkage protection and reset action under preset operating conditions, adapting to the typhoon protection requirements of different application scenarios. Before the typhoon arrived, staff used a remote cluster control system to perform a unified power-on protection operation on all wind turbines, strictly following the control sequence of "blades first, then tower": first, all deformable blades 1 of the wind turbines were contracted and deformed and confirmed to be in place, then the power supply to the silver heating wire 203 inside the deformable tower 2 was connected, and the axial contraction deformation of the tower was completed according to the pre-calculated input power P. At this time, the blade length and tower height of the entire wind turbine were reduced simultaneously, the windward area of ​​the entire machine was significantly reduced, and the extreme wind load it was subjected to was greatly reduced, effectively avoiding the risk of blade breakage and tower overturning. During the entire period when the typhoon continued to affect the wind farm, the main control system always maintained the power supply status of the heating wire, and at the same time, the power supply continuity was ensured through UPS backup power supply. Even if the power grid was interrupted, the temperature and deformation state of the alloy section could be maintained to ensure the continuous effectiveness of the protection. At the same time, the wind speed fluctuations were monitored in real time, and the duty cycle of the heating wire was dynamically adjusted to maintain the stability of the contraction state. After the typhoon has completely passed, staff will use a remote cluster control system to perform a unified power-off and reset operation on all wind turbines, strictly following the control sequence of "tower first, then blades": first, the power supply to the silver heating wire of the deformable tower 2 will be cut off. After the tower shape memory alloy 202 cools down and the tower spring 204 drives the tower to fully reset and confirm that it is in place, the power supply to the heating wire of the deformable blade 1 will be cut off to complete the blade reset action. After the entire machine is reset, the main control system will perform a status check on the entire structure of the wind turbine. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, the drive circuit will remain powered off, and the wind turbine will resume normal grid-connected power generation mode until the next typhoon warning arrives, at which point the above protection process will be restarted.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect, characterized in that, The wind turbine includes deformable blades (1), a deformable tower (2), and a remote control system (3). The main structure of the deformable blade (1) is divided into three parts: upper blade, middle blade and lower blade. The middle blade is made of shape memory alloy and can shrink axially. The middle blade is pre-embedded with a blade silver heating wire (103). The upper blade and lower blade are connected to the middle blade through blade springs (104). The main structure of the deformable tower (2) is divided into three parts: upper cylinder, middle cylinder and lower cylinder. The middle cylinder is made of shape memory alloy block material. Its axial load-bearing capacity in the austenitic state matches that of the upper and lower cylinder metal sections of the tower, ensuring that it can complete the shrinkage action while supporting the heavy load of the nacelle. The middle cylinder is pre-embedded with tower silver heating wires (203), which are distributed in multiple arrays to ensure uniform heating. The upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are connected to the middle cylinder through tower springs (204). The remote control system (3) is used to obtain the typhoon arrival warning time and monitor the real-time wind speed, dynamically adjust the input power of the heating wire according to the typhoon arrival warning time to control the deformation speed of the blades and tower, and dynamically adjust the deformation amount of the blades and tower according to the real-time wind speed.

2. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower blades are made of 7075 aluminum alloy to reduce the rotational inertia of the blades, while the middle blades are made of nickel-titanium-niobium (NiTiNb) shape memory alloy.

3. A typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower cylinders are made of Q420ND high-strength structural steel to ensure the overall support rigidity of the tower; the middle cylinder is made of nickel-titanium-copper (NiTiCu) shape memory alloy blocks.

4. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote control system (3) dynamically adjusts the deformation amount according to the monitored real-time wind speed v, and the calculation formula for its target shrinkage ratio η is as follows: in, For the target shrinkage length, The initial length of the component. The ultimate wind speed load value designed for the unit, k1 is the material deformation correction coefficient, whose value is preset according to the phase transformation strain characteristics of the shape memory alloy and the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the wind turbine structure; by adjusting the continuous energization time of the silver heating wires of the blades and tower, the shrinkage ratio of the blades and tower is matched with the real-time wind load.

5. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote control system (3) is based on the typhoon arrival warning time. The input electrical power P of the silver heating wires in the blades and tower is dynamically adjusted to control the deformation rate of the blades and tower, satisfying the following: Where m is the mass of the corresponding shape memory alloy segment. For the specific heat capacity of the material, Phase transition temperature For ambient temperature, To improve electrothermal conversion efficiency; the deformation speed is actively adjusted by regulating the input current.

6. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote control system (3) performs step-by-step timing control of deformation and reset, including a shrinkage protection phase and a reset recovery phase: Shrinkage protection stage: First, control the deformable blade (1) to heat and shrink. After the blade displacement sensor on the blade confirms that the shrinkage is in place, control the deformable tower (2) to heat and shrink. Reset and recovery phase: First, control the deformable tower (2) to perform power-off cooling reset. After the tower is restored to its initial height, control the deformable blade (1) to perform power-off cooling reset.

7. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silver heating wire is serpentine and arranged in a continuous S-shape with equal spacing along the length of the shape memory alloy. The silver heating wire has an axial tensile elasticity margin of not less than 10% to achieve synchronous expansion and contraction with the middle shape memory alloy segment.

8. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the shrinkage protection state, the remote control system (3) adjusts the duty cycle of the silver heating wire according to the fluctuation of the real-time wind speed v, so as to maintain the shape memory alloy segment in a constant austenitic phase transformation temperature range and ensure that the target shrinkage length ΔL remains stable.

9. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade spring and the tower spring are initially at their natural original lengths. When heated and contracted, the spring is compressed and stores elastic potential energy, and at this time the shape memory alloy is in a high-stiffness austenitic state, forming a rigid constraint; when the power is cut off and reset, the shape memory alloy transforms into a low-stiffness martensite state, and the elastic potential energy released by the blade spring and tower spring drives the blade and tower to return to their original length.

10. The typhoon-resistant deformable wind turbine based on electric drive shape memory effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic coefficient of the tower spring (204) is greater than that of the blade spring (104), thereby achieving performance differentiation and deformation timing coordination between the blade and the tower.

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