Activator for inflatable protective devices

Abstract

The invention relates to an inflator (51) for an inflatable protection device (1), wherein the inflator comprises a housing (52) in which a passage opening (B) for a gas is defined and in which a perforator (53) is accommodated which is movable between a first operating position and a second operating position. The perforator comprises a base body (54) which extends between a first surface (54') and an opposite second surface (54''), from which a tip (56) protrudes. The ratio between the smallest passage area of the passage opening (B) and the area of the second surface (54'') is greater than 0.6, optionally between 0.7 and 1 and even more optionally between 0.9 and 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an actuator for a protective device and a protective device including said actuator. In particular, the actuator can be used to allow gas to be blown into an inflatable protective device, such as an airbag. The protective device can be wearable and can be used in sports or the workplace to protect a user's body from impact, such as protecting the user's body from impact in the event of an accident. The protective device can be inserted into or attached to technical sportswear, such as jackets, vests, and suits for motorcycles and motorsports, or become an integral part of them. The device of the invention can also be defined as a self-standing wearable protective device. The actuator can also be used in vehicle protective devices, such as automotive airbag systems.

[0002] Inflators can also be used in inflatable systems (such as protective devices) that can be applied to industrial robots to ensure impact protection for the robot itself and any surrounding operators. Inflators can also be used in transport systems equipped with inflatable systems, such as backpacks, bags, or similar items, such as avalanche backpacks. Background Technology

[0003] It is well known that protective devices include inflatable bags that can deploy under certain conditions to protect a user's body from impact. These protective devices can be wearable or installed as part of a safety system in a vehicle (an inflatable airbag in the event of a collision).

[0004] Fixed protective devices that can be installed in specific compartments of a vehicle are inflated by a pyrotechnic system that generates a rapid chemical reaction. This reaction typically involves a small amount of a chemical substance called sodium azide, contained within a metal casing. When the car's sensors detect a significant impact, they send an electrical signal that triggers a small pyrotechnic device also located within the casing. The pyrotechnic filler triggers the decomposition of the sodium azide, which rapidly breaks down into nitrogen and other substances, expanding within approximately 20 to 30 milliseconds. During this expansion, the nitrogen gas rapidly exits the casing, causing one or more airbags to inflate.

[0005] Although such devices are widely used in the automotive industry, the applicant notes that they are very expensive and unsuitable for wearable protective devices. In fact, the chemical reactions in these devices generate a significant amount of heat, which could cause serious injury to the user during bag inflation.

[0006] Wearable protective devices include a bag housed in a pocket of clothing positioned corresponding to areas of the body useful for protection, such as the neck, hips, chest, and spine; the bag is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide cartridge configured to inflate the bag within a time interval of 30 to 50 milliseconds. See, for example, the following patent applications: WO2015181734A1, WO2020 / 115158A1, WO2021 / 083877A1, WO2011 / 148354A1, US2013 / 0276213A1, and WO2022 / 013103A1.

[0007] Inflation of the bag is achieved by perforating a metal membrane at the closure of an upper channel defined at the head of the tube. The membrane can be opened by means of a fully mechanical actuator as described in European Patent No. EP3544888B1. This actuator comprises a hollow housing engageable at the head of the tube; within this housing is a perforator having an angled cutting tip configured to pierce the tube membrane. The perforator remains locked, during which time it is positioned at a distance from the tube due to a mechanical lock; actuation of the perforator occurs via a rope configured to remove the mechanical lock, thereby allowing the perforator to break the membrane and thus allowing gas to escape. Movement of the perforator is achieved by a compression spring that applies a thrust to the bottom of the perforator opposite the tip.

[0008] A pyrotechnic filler-type initiator that can be mounted on the head of a carbon dioxide cartridge is also known from PCT patent application No. WO2017037020A1. The pyrotechnic filler is used to move a piercing device, which includes a movable piston with a tip. US2018 / 0009406 A1 discloses a pyrotechnic gas generator for inflating an airbag in a child incubator, comprising a pyrotechnic filler, an ignition system, and a striker capable of moving within a conduit to pierce a pressurized reservoir (e.g., CO2) and subsequently retracting under gas pressure. WO 2014 / 023953 A1 describes a mechanically actuated triggering system for releasing gas to inflate protective clothing based on a tether-actuated piston, without any pyrotechnic filler or dual-chamber pneumatic actuation.

[0009] Although the aforementioned exciters are currently used to allow the bag of the protective device to be inflated, the applicant notes that they can be improved in several ways. The purpose of this invention

[0010] The object of this invention is to overcome at least one of the disadvantages and / or limitations of the aforementioned solutions. A first object of this invention is to provide an actuator with a simple and compact structure, which simultaneously ensures rapid actuation of the protective device. Another object of this invention is to provide an actuator with a robust structure that ensures proper operation of the actuator and prevents malfunctions. A further object of this invention is to provide an extremely safe and flexible actuator that can be effectively used for actuating wearable and fixed protective devices. A further object of this invention is to provide an actuator and associated protective device that can be implemented quickly and at low cost. These and other objects, which become clearer from the following description, are generally achieved by an actuator, a protective device, and a system including said protective device according to one or more aspects of the invention. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In one aspect, an actuator 51 is provided for an inflatable protective device 1, wherein the actuator 51 includes:

[0012] A housing 52 extends along an extending direction D between a first end 52a and a second end 52b, wherein the housing 52 defines a seat S extending along the extending direction D within itself, and wherein the housing 52 further includes:

[0013] At least one through-inlet A is defined at a second end 52b and configured to receive at least a portion of a pressurized gas container.

[0014] At least one channel opening B is defined in the housing 52, and the at least one channel opening B allows the seat S to be in fluid communication with the through inlet A.

[0015] A perforator 53 is housed in a seat S of a housing 52 and has a base body 54 extending between a first surface 54' and a second surface 54'', the first surface 54' facing a first end 52a of the housing 52, and the second surface 54'' opposite to the first surface 54' and facing a second end 52b of the housing 52. The base body 54 also has a lateral surface 55, which is at least partially opposite in shape to the inner surface of the seat S and connects the first surface 54' and the second surface 54''. The perforator 53 further includes a tip 56 extending from the second surface 54'' toward the second end 52b of the housing 52. The perforator 53 is movable at least between the following positions:

[0016] In the first operating position, the perforator 53 / base body 54 is spaced apart from the channel opening B.

[0017] In the second operating position, at least a portion of the tip 56 passes through the channel opening B.

[0018] In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, the second surface 54'' of the base body 54 of the perforator 53 faces the channel opening B of the housing 52 in both the first and second operating positions. In the aspect according to any of the preceding aspects, the perforator 53 in the first operating position is configured such that the end portion of the tip 56 corresponds to the channel opening B and is arranged such that when the pressurized gas container C is mounted on the agitator 51, the end portion contacts or substantially contacts (very close to) the sealing wall of the pressurized gas container C to be perforated. Positioning the end portion to intersect the plane containing the channel opening B allows for faster opening due to the reduced perforator travel. In another aspect according to any of the preceding aspects, the length L2 defined by the distance between the second surface 54'' from which the tip of the base body extends and the point on the peripheral edge at the maximum distance from the second surface 54'' corresponds to the travel of the perforator 53 from the first operating position to the second operating position. In an alternative embodiment, the piercing device 53 is configured in the first operating position to be spaced apart from the pressurized container capable of engaging with the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the piercing device 53 is configured in the second operating position to allow the tip to pierce at least a portion of the pressurized container capable of engaging with the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the second surface 54'' of the base body 54 is located near the channel opening B in the second operating position, particularly in an abutting manner at the channel opening B. In any of the foregoing aspects, the second surface 54'' has a predetermined area, wherein the channel opening defines a predetermined minimum passage area, wherein the ratio between the minimum passage area of ​​the channel opening B and the area of ​​the second surface 54'' is greater than 0.6, optionally between 0.7 and 1, and even more preferably between 0.9 and 1, wherein the predetermined area of ​​the second surface 54'' is intended to be the entire area of ​​the surface including the portion from which the tip 56 extends. In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 extends beyond the channel opening B in the second operating position. In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 is configured in the second operating position to open the pressurized gas container C that can be connected to the housing 52 without damaging the pressurized gas container C.

[0019] In any of the foregoing aspects, the predetermined area of ​​the second surface 54'' is between 80 mm² and 350 mm², optionally between 120 mm² and 250 mm², and even more preferably between 150 mm² and 200 mm². In any of the foregoing aspects, the minimum passage area of ​​the channel opening B is between 60 mm² and 300 mm², optionally between 80 mm² and 200 mm², and even more preferably between 80 mm² and 150 mm².

[0020] In one aspect, according to any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 includes an auxiliary inlet A1 defined at a first end 52a, opposite a through inlet A defined at a second end 52b, the auxiliary inlet A1 having an overall dimension that allows the perforator 53 to pass through (e.g., during assembly of the activator), while a channel opening B defined in the housing 52 has an overall dimension that prevents the perforator 53 from leaving the seat S regardless of the presence of the pressurized gas container C. In one aspect, according to any of the foregoing aspects, the channel opening B has a cross-section shaped to stop the perforator 53 in a second operating position by means of one or more suitable abutment surfaces that receive the second surface 54'' of the perforator 53 in an abutting manner, thereby preventing the perforator from leaving the seat S. This difference between the openings allows the perforator 53 to be inserted only from the rear portion of the housing 52, which makes the device easy to assemble while ensuring a high level of operational safety. Specifically, even in the event of accidental activation in the absence of a pressurized gas cylinder, the exciter and its corresponding tip, which might otherwise be expelled and damaged, are always retained within the seat S. In any of the foregoing aspects, the channel opening B has a circular cross-section. In any of the foregoing aspects, the channel opening B is defined by the peripheral edge of a closed profile, which optionally has a circular shape. In any of the foregoing aspects, the second surface 54'' of the base body 54 has a circular shape. In any of the foregoing aspects, the second surface 54'' of the base body 54 is defined by the peripheral edge of a closed profile, which optionally has a circular shape.

[0021] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 includes a stop element 57 configured to define a channel opening B. In the previous aspect, the stop element 57 is configured to receive the perforator 53 in a supportive manner. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the stop element 57 is configured to contact a second surface 54'' of the base body 54 of the perforator 53 when in a second operating position. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the stop element 57 substantially includes an annular member. In the previous aspect, the annular member of the stop element 57 has an inner peripheral edge defining the channel opening B of the housing 52. In any of the foregoing five aspects, the housing 52 includes a hollow body having an inner surface defining a seat S, wherein the stop element 57 is integral with the hollow body of the housing.

[0022] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 further has a engagement portion V1 at the second end portion 52b, which is configured to allow the housing 52 to be constrained to a corresponding engagement portion C1 of the pressurized gas container C. In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, the engagement portion V1 of the housing 52 is defined at the through inlet A. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the engagement portion V1 of the housing includes at least one of the following: internal thread, external thread, bayonet system, quick coupling.

[0023] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 includes a hollow body having a through cavity extending from a first end 52a to a second end 52b of the housing 52, and the housing 52 has an auxiliary inlet A1 defined at the first end 52a, opposite to the through inlet A defined at the second end 52b.

[0024] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 has at least one through opening 59 configured to allow fluid communication between the seat S and the external environment of the housing, the through opening 59 being defined at the channel opening B of the housing and inserted between the channel opening B of the housing 52 and the first end 52a. In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing includes a hollow body having lateral walls of a predetermined thickness. In the aspect of the preceding aspect, the at least one through opening extends through the entire thickness of the lateral walls of the housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one through opening includes at least one hole. In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one through opening has a plurality of through openings. In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one through opening has a number between 2 and 12, optionally between 4 and 10. In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one through opening (optionally multiple through openings) defines a total gas passage cross-section smaller than that defined by the channel opening B of the same housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the total gas passage cross-section defined by at least one through opening (optionally multiple through openings) has a predetermined area, wherein the ratio between the predetermined defined area of ​​the total gas passage cross-section of the at least one through opening (optionally the multiple channel openings) and the predetermined area defined by the channel opening B of the housing 52 is between 0.7 and 0.98, and optionally between 0.75 and 0.9. In any of the foregoing aspects, each of the through openings 59 comprises a hole. In any of the foregoing aspects, the multiple through openings 59 are uniformly distributed on the side walls of the housing along a plane orthogonal to the extending direction of the housing.

[0025] In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body 54 of the perforator 53, when the perforator 53 is arranged in the first operating position, is at least partially spaced from the at least one through opening 59 and configured to allow direct fluid communication between the at least one through opening 59 and the channel opening B of the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body 54 of the perforator 53, when the perforator 53 is arranged in the second operating position, is positioned at the at least one through opening 59 and prevents fluid communication between the volume of the seat S included between the first surface 54' of the perforator 53 and the first end 52a of the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body 54 of the perforator 53, when the perforator 53 is arranged in the second operating position, is configured to substantially (at least partially) prevent fluid communication between the channel opening B of the housing 52 and the at least one through opening 59. In any of the foregoing aspects, when the perforator 53 is in the first operating position, a first chamber is defined inside the seat S, between the inner surface of the housing 52, the second end 52b of the housing 52, the channel opening B, and the second surface 54'' of the perforator 53, and at least one through opening 59 is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the channel opening B, and

[0026] In this configuration, when the perforator 53 is positioned in the second operating position, at least one through opening 59 is no longer in fluid communication with the first chamber and the channel opening B, and a second chamber is defined between the first surface 54' of the perforator 53, the inner surface of the housing 52, and the lower surface of the insert 60 associated with the first end 52a of the housing 52. In the second operating position, at least one vent 59' disposed in the housing 52 allows fluid communication between the second chamber and the external environment; the vent 59' is no longer in fluid communication with the second chamber when the perforator 53 is in the first operating position. This configuration provides numerous specific technical advantages.

[0027] First, the arrangement of the perforator 53, channel opening B, through opening 59, and vent 59' allows for the definition of two distinct operating chambers within the seat S. This dual-chamber structure plays a crucial role in optimizing the kinetics of the perforator during ignition. Specifically, after the ignition of the pyrotechnic filler and the subsequent expansion of the combustion gases, a second chamber is created between the first surface of the perforator and the insert 60. This second chamber initially contains the expanding gas responsible for rapidly driving the perforator 53 toward a second operating position, in which the tip 56 pierces the pressurized gas container. When the perforator reaches its end-stroke state, i.e., the second operating position, the vent 59', which was closed during the initial thrust phase, opens to fluid communication with the second chamber. This allows the expanding gas to escape only after the perforator has substantially completed the stroke required for piercing. Therefore, premature release does not occur in the initial phase, and the opening pulse applied to the perforator remains intact. Once the container membrane is punctured, the pressurized gas exiting the container cannot escape through the through opening 59, which is blocked by the base body 54 in the second operating position. Therefore, the pressurized gas exerts a strong counter-thrust on the second surface of the perforator. This rapidly drives the perforator back towards the first operating position, in which the through opening 59 reopens and the vent 59' is closed again. This coordinated sequence of the initial closure of the vent 59', the selective communication between the two operating chambers, the blocking and reopening of the through opening 59, and the timed exposure of the vent 59' maximizes the speed of movement between the two operating positions, thereby ensuring (i) extremely rapid forward travel of the perforator due to the confinement of the expanding pyrotechnic gas within the second chamber, (ii) equally rapid return travel driven by the pressurized container gas due to the selective blocking of the through opening 59, and (iii) minimizing the overall inflation time of the protective device, thereby improving the responsiveness and safety of the actuator. Furthermore, the positioning and dimensional design of the through opening 59 and the vent 59' ensure that the lateral surface 55 of the perforator 53, and particularly the base body 54 of the perforator 53, remains guided along the inner surface of the seat S throughout its movement between the first and second operating positions. In other words, no part of the perforator will ever disengage from the guide surface due to an excessively large or long opening on the housing 52. This ensures that the perforator always maintains stable axial alignment within the seat S, thereby preventing tilting, misalignment, or jamming during the perforator's stroke.

[0028] In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body has a predetermined length L1 defined by the maximum distance between the first surface 54' and the second surface 54''. In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, the predetermined length L1 is measured along the extending direction D of the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one through opening 59 has a predetermined longitudinal dimension. In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, the longitudinal dimension of at least one through opening 59 is smaller than the predetermined length L1 of the base body 54 of the perforator 53. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the ratio between the longitudinal dimension of at least one through opening 59 and the predetermined length L1 of the base body 54 of the perforator 53 is less than 1, optionally between 0.4 and 0.9, and even more preferably between 0.4 and 0.7.

[0029] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 has at least one vent 59' configured to position the seat S in fluid communication with the environment outside the housing 52. In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, the at least one vent 59' includes an opening through a lateral wall of the housing. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the vent 59' faces directly toward the base body 54 in the first operating position of the perforator. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the at least one vent 59' is configured to allow gas to escape from the seat at least during the passage of the perforator 53 from the first operating position to the second operating position.

[0030] In any of the four aspects described above, the at least one vent 59' is inserted between the at least one through opening 59 of the housing 52 and the abutment 58. In any of the five aspects described above, the housing includes between one and four vents 59'. In any of the six aspects described above, at least one vent (optionally multiple vents) defines a total gas passage cross-section smaller than the gas passage cross-section defined by the passage opening B of the same housing. In any of the seven aspects described above, the total gas passage cross-section defined by at least one vent (optionally multiple vents) has a predetermined area, wherein the ratio between the predetermined area of ​​the total gas passage cross-section of the at least one vent (optionally multiple vents) and the predetermined area defined by the passage opening B of the housing 52 is between 0.04 and 0.1, and optionally between 0.05 and 0.08. In any of the eight aspects described above, each of the vents 59' includes an aperture. In any of the nine aspects mentioned above, the housing includes a plurality of vents 59' that are uniformly distributed on the side walls of the housing along a plane orthogonal to the extension direction of the housing.

[0031] In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body 54 of the perforator 53 is spaced apart from the at least one vent 59' when the perforator 53 is arranged in the second operating position. In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body 54 of the perforator is configured to substantially at least partially block the at least one vent 59' when the perforator 53 is arranged in the first operating position.

[0032] In any of the foregoing aspects, the activator 51 includes a striking pin 58 disposed within the housing 52. In the aspect according to the first aspect, the striking pin 58 is configured to contact the perforator 53 when in a first operating position. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the striking pin 58 is configured to define an end travel element for the perforator 53. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the striking pin 58 is configured to directly contact at least a portion of a first surface 54' of the base body 54 of the perforator. In any of the foregoing four aspects, the perforator 53 is inserted between the stop element 57 and the striking pin 58.

[0033] In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one through opening 59 is inserted between the channel opening B and the striker 58. In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one vent 59' is inserted between the channel opening B and the striker 58.

[0034] In any of the foregoing aspects, the actuator 51 includes an insert 60 that is at least partially received in the housing 52 and substantially disposed at the first end 52a. In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, the insert 60 defines a striking pin 58. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the insert 60 engages in the seat portion S of the housing. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the insert is removably engaged to the housing 52. In any of the foregoing four aspects, the insert 60 engages with the housing 52 by means of at least one of the following: threads, a bayonet system, a quick-connect coupling, one or more screws, or one or more threaded pins.

[0035] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 includes an engagement portion V2 defined at a first end portion, the engagement portion V2 being configured to constrain a corresponding constraint portion 61 of the insert. In any of the foregoing aspects, the constraint portion 61 of the housing includes internal or external threads configured to engage the external or internal threads of the engagement portion 61 of the insert 60, respectively. In any of the foregoing aspects, the insert 60 extends between a bottom surface 60a and a top surface 60b along a corresponding extending direction. In any of the foregoing aspects, the extending direction of the insert 60 is substantially parallel to the extending direction D1 of the housing 52, at least when the insert 60 is received within the housing 52. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the bottom surface of the insert 60 is substantially disposed at the first end of the housing 52, at least when the insert is received within the housing 52. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the top surface 60b of the insert defines a striking pin 58 configured to contact the perforator 53. In any of the four aspects mentioned above, the insert includes a lateral surface 60c connecting the bottom surface to the top surface, wherein at least a portion of the lateral surface 60c of the insert 60 is shaped opposite to the inner surface of the housing, and optionally opposite to the inner surface of at least a portion of the defining seat S.

[0036] In any of the foregoing aspects, the insert 60 has a cavity 62 configured to receive pyrotechnic filling material. In any of the foregoing aspects, when the insert is received in the housing, the cavity 62 faces the perforator 53. In any of the foregoing two aspects, when the insert is received in the housing 52, the cavity 62 of the insert is in direct fluid communication with the seat S. In any of the foregoing two aspects, when the insert is received in the housing, the cavity 62 of the insert 60 directly faces the first surface 54' of the base body 54 of the perforator 53.

[0037] In any of the foregoing aspects, the insert 60 is configured to prevent fluid from passing between the insert and the inner surface of the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the insert 60 includes at least one sealing element 63, optionally a gasket, configured to contact the inner surface of the housing 52 to prevent fluid from passing between the outer surface of the housing and the inner surface of the housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the igniter further includes an insert 60, which is at least partially housed in the housing 52 and substantially disposed at a first end 52a. The insert 60 engages in a seat portion S of the housing and includes a striker 58 disposed within the housing 52. The striker 58 is configured to contact the perforator 53 in a first operating position and define an end travel element for the perforator 53. The perforator 53 is inserted between the striker 58 and a stop element 57, which is located at the channel opening B and configured to receive the second surface 54” of the base body 54 of the perforator 53 in an abutment manner in a second operating position and prevent axial movement of the perforator 53 toward the through-inlet A. In any of the foregoing aspects, the insert 60 has a cavity 62 in direct fluid communication with the seat portion S, facing the perforator 53, and configured to receive pyrotechnic filler 65. The cavity 62 of the insert 60 directly faces the first surface 54' of the base body 54 of the perforator 53, and the striker 58 surrounds the lower end of the cavity 62 facing the first surface 54' of the base body 54, particularly the lower end having an area smaller than the area of ​​the first surface 54' of the base body 54 and optionally centered about the extension direction D. In the aspect according to the foregoing, the lower end of the cavity 62 includes a sealing membrane 74 configured to define, together with the cavity 62, a closed volume for receiving pyrotechnic filler 65, the sealing membrane being configured to open during the detonation of the pyrotechnic filler 65 and the movement of the perforator 53 from a first operating position to a second operating position. The presence of the membrane 74 closes the cavity 62, thereby keeping the cavity clean, since the insert 60 can be a replaceable component, which is processed outside the assembled actuator and reinserted into the housing 52 after the previous pyrotechnic filler has been activated.

[0038] In any of the foregoing aspects, only the tip 56 of the perforator 53 is configured to pass through the channel opening B. In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 is configured to pass through the channel opening B during the movement of the perforator 53 from the first operating position to the second operating position. In any of the foregoing aspects, the perforator 53 is movable between the first operating position and the second operating position along a direction parallel to the extending direction D of the housing 52, and vice versa.

[0039] In any of the foregoing aspects, the perforator 53 is movable between the insert 60 and the stop element 57. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first surface 54' of the base body of the perforator is configured to contact at least a portion of the striker in a first operating position, and optionally contact the top surface 60b of the insert. In any of the foregoing aspects, the second surface 54" of the base body of the perforator is configured to contact the stop element 57 in a second operating position.

[0040] In any of the foregoing aspects, only a portion of the lateral surface 55 of the base body is configured as the inner lateral surface of the defining seat S of the contact housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the lateral surface 55 of the base body has a predetermined extension, wherein less than 80%, optionally between 50% and 70%, of the extension of the lateral surface 55 is configured as the inner lateral surface of the defining seat S of the contact housing.

[0041] In any of the foregoing aspects, the lateral surface 55 of the base body 54 of the perforator includes:

[0042] At least one (e.g., two) contact strips, said at least one contact strip being configured to contact the inner lateral surface of the defining seat portion S of the housing.

[0043] At least one recess 55', said at least one recess 55' being spaced apart from the inner side surface of the defining seat portion S of the housing and configured not to contact the inner side surface of the defining seat portion S of the housing.

[0044] In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one contact strip has a shape opposite to the inner surface of the defining seat portion S of the housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the contact strip is configured to contact the inner surface of the defining seat portion of the housing 52 in the first and second operating positions of the perforator 53. In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one contact strip has the following height:

[0045] It extends substantially from the first surface 54' of the base body along the direction of the second surface 54”, and / or

[0046] It extends substantially from the second surface 54” of the base body along the direction of the first surface 54'.

[0047] In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one contact strip includes a first contact strip and a second contact strip spaced apart from each other by means of at least one recess 55'. In any of the foregoing aspects,

[0048] The first contact strip extends from the first surface 54' of the base body toward the second surface 54”.

[0049] The second contact strip extends from the second surface 54” of the base body toward the first surface 54'.

[0050] In any of the foregoing aspects, the recess 55' is spaced apart from the inner surface of the defining seat S of the housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the recess 55' is configured to optionally maintain a predetermined minimum distance from the inner surface of the defining seat S of the housing during movement of the perforator 53 between a first operating position and a second operating position, and vice versa. In any of the foregoing aspects, the minimum distance of the recess 55' from the inner surface of the defining seat S of the housing is greater than 0.2 mm, and optionally between 0.3 mm and 1 mm.

[0051] In any of the foregoing aspects, the recess 55' has a predetermined surface area, wherein the ratio between the surface area of ​​the recess 55' and the predetermined total surface area of ​​the lateral surface 55 of the base body 54 is between 0.2 and 0.7, and optionally between 0.25 and 0.5.

[0052] In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body 54 has a cylindrical shape. In any of the foregoing aspects, the lateral surface 55 of the base body has a substantially circular shape in a cross-section taken along a plane orthogonal to the connection direction of the first surface 54' and the second surface 54" . In any of the foregoing aspects, the first surface and the second surface lie on corresponding planes that are substantially parallel to each other. In any of the foregoing aspects, the planes on which the first surface 54' and the second surface 54" of the base body 54 are disposed are substantially orthogonal to the extension direction D of the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 extends only from the second surface 54" of the base body 54.

[0053] In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 has an inclined cutting surface 56'. In any of the foregoing aspects, the cutting surface 56' of the tip is spaced apart from the second surface of the base body 54. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the cutting surface 56' is inclined relative to the second surface 54' of the base body 54, and the tip 56 extends from the second surface 54'. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the cutting surface 56' is inclined relative to the second surface 54' of the base body at an angle between 30° and 80°, optionally between 40° and 70°. In any of the foregoing aspects, the cutting surface 56' has a substantially elliptical shape.

[0054] In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 has a substantially cylindrical shape and has an inclined cut portion defining an inclined cut surface 56'. In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip has a circular cross-section outside the cut surface. In any of the foregoing aspects, the circular cross-section of the tip 56 defines a predetermined area, wherein the ratio between the predetermined area of ​​the tip and the total area of ​​the second surface 54" of the base body 54 is less than 0.5, optionally between 0.5 and 0.3.

[0055] In any of the foregoing aspects, the base body has a predetermined length L1 defined by the maximum distance between the first surface 54' and the second surface 54" . In any of the foregoing aspects, the predetermined length of the base body 54 is between 5 mm and 15 mm, and optionally between 7 mm and 12 mm. In any of the foregoing aspects, the predetermined length of the base body is measured orthogonally to the mounting plane of the first surface 54' and the second surface 54" of the base body.

[0056] In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip 56 has a predetermined length L2, which is defined by the distance between the second surface 54” of the base body from which the tip extends and a point on the peripheral edge located at the maximum distance from the second surface 54”. In any of the foregoing aspects, the predetermined length of the tip is measured orthogonally to the plane in which the second surface 54” of the base body 54 is placed. In any of the foregoing aspects, the predetermined length of the tip 56 is less than 12 mm, optionally between 5 mm and 10 mm. In any of the foregoing aspects, the ratio between the predetermined length of the tip 56 and the predetermined length of the base body 54 is between 0.6 and 1, optionally between 0.65 and 0.85.

[0057] In any of the foregoing aspects, the tip is arranged in the second operating position of the perforator 53 to form at least one through opening 59 corresponding to the housing 52.

[0058] In any of the foregoing aspects, the actuator 51 includes pyrotechnic filler housed in a housing 52 and configured to allow the perforator 53 to move from a first operating position to a second operating position. In any of the foregoing aspects, the pyrotechnic filler 65 faces the perforator 53, and optionally faces a first surface 54' of the base body. In any of the foregoing aspects, the pyrotechnic filler 65 can be activated according to a command from a control unit.

[0059] In any of the three aspects mentioned above, the pyrotechnic filler 65 is accommodated in the cavity 62 of the insert 60.

[0060] In any of the foregoing aspects, the housing 52 includes a connecting portion V3 disposed between a second end 52b and at least one through opening 59, the connecting portion V3 being configured to allow engagement of the housing with an inflatable element.

[0061] The connecting portion V3 includes at least one through seat 73 configured to accommodate one or more cables 75a, 75b connected to the pyrotechnic filler 65. The at least one through seat 73 is arranged such that once the igniter 51 is engaged with the inflatable element 2, one or more cables can pass through the connecting portion V3 and extend at the second end 52b of the housing 52.

[0062] In accordance with the foregoing aspects, housing 52 also includes a washer 76 and a washer seat positioned at the connecting portion V3, with one or more cables 75a, 75b inserted between the washer 76 and the connecting portion V3.

[0063] In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one through-seat portion 73 includes at least one recess, optionally two recesses, each recess including a first portion 73a disposed at a threaded region of the connecting portion V3 and a second portion 73b disposed at a ring defined at a second end 52b of the housing 52, wherein no thread teeth are present at the first portion 73a of the recess 73. In one aspect, a protective device 1, particularly a wearable type protective device 1, is provided, the protective device 1 comprising:

[0064] Optionally, at least one exciter 51 according to any of the foregoing aspects,

[0065] At least one container C for pressurized gas, such as carbon dioxide, is connected to the exciter 51.

[0066] At least one inflatable element 2, which is coupled to the actuator 51 and can be configured to be in a deflated state and an inflated state.

[0067] In one aspect according to the foregoing, the inflatable element 2 includes a connecting conduit 20 that can be externally engaged with the housing 52 of the agitator 51 to receive a gas flow exiting the agitator 51 and arriving from the pressurized gas container C. In another aspect according to the foregoing, the inflatable element 2 includes:

[0068] Body 10, body 10 is configured to define an inflatable element suitable for protecting the user from impact.

[0069] Connecting conduit 20 is integrally connected to the main body.

[0070] In one aspect according to the foregoing, the connecting conduit 20 is integrally coupled to the body 10 and positioned in direct fluid communication with the body. In one aspect according to either of the foregoing aspects, the body 10 and the connecting conduit 20 define a single internal volume of the inflatable element.

[0071] In any of the three aspects described above, the actuator 51 is at least partially housed within the connecting conduit 20 of the inflatable element. In any of the four aspects described above, the main portion of the actuator housing 52 is housed within the connecting conduit 20. In any of the five aspects described above, at least a portion of the housing 52 extending from the first end 52a to at least one through opening 59 is substantially disposed within the connecting conduit 20. In any of the six aspects described above, the housing 52 includes a connecting portion V3 disposed between the second end 52b and the at least one through opening 59, wherein the connecting portion V3 is configured to allow engagement of the housing with the inflatable element, particularly with the connecting conduit 20. In the aspects described above, the connecting portion includes at least one of external threads, a bayonet system, and a quick-connect coupling.

[0072] In any of the foregoing aspects, the engagement portion V1 is defined inside the housing, while the connecting portion V3, in contrast to the engagement portion V1 of the same housing, is defined outside the housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the engagement portion V1 of the housing 52 includes an internal thread V1 opposite to the external thread defined by the connecting portion V3 of the same housing.

[0073] In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element is engaged at at least one through opening 59 in the housing 52. In any of the foregoing aspects, the activator 51 is configured to act on the container C to allow perforation of the container C and subsequent gas discharge, thereby allowing the inflatable element to change from a deflated state to an inflated state.

[0074] In any of the foregoing aspects, the protective device 1 may include a connector 70 configured to connect the inflatable element 2 to the housing and to position the inflatable element 2 in fluid communication with the internal volume of the housing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the connector 70 is constrained on one side to the connection portion V3 of the housing 52 and engaged on the other side within the connecting conduit 20 of the inflatable element.

[0075] In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 is made of sheet material. In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 includes at least one wall made of sheet material, the at least one wall defining an internal volume and having at least a first portion and at least a second portion facing each other. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first portion and the second portion of the at least one wall of the inflatable element 2, with respect to the main portion of the surface extension of the first portion and the second portion:

[0076] In the deflated state, they are substantially adjacent and at least partially in contact with each other.

[0077] They are spaced apart when inflated.

[0078] In any of the foregoing aspects, the at least one wall of the inflatable element 2 defines an internal volume in the inflated state that is larger than the internal volume defined by the same wall in the deflated state.

[0079] In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one wall comprises a first wall and a second wall made of sheet material. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first wall has a central region defining a first portion of at least one wall. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the second wall has a central region defining a second portion of at least one wall.

[0080] In any of the three aspects described above, the first wall and the second wall of the inflatable element 2 are joined together at their peripheral edges to define a single peripheral joint portion. In any of the four aspects described above, the inflatable element 2 comprises only the first wall and the second wall, which are joined together at their peripheral edges to define a single peripheral joint portion. In any of the five aspects described above, the first wall and the second wall define the internal volume of the inflatable element.

[0081] In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 defines a substantially plate-like (optionally single-plane) structure in the deflated state. In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 includes at least one inflatable layer defined by at least one lateral wall extending along a longitudinal trajectory T, optionally defining a lateral wall having a substantially closed annular shape.

[0082] In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 is made at least partially, and optionally entirely, of at least one of the following materials: polyurethane, PVC, EVA, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone rubber, and rubber.

[0083] In any of the foregoing aspects, each of the first and second walls of the inflatable element (optionally, each of the first and second inflatable layers) comprises a single membrane formed of a single layer of plastic material. In any of the foregoing aspects, each of the first and second walls of the inflatable element (optionally, each of the first and second inflatable layers) is made entirely of polyurethane, PVC, EVA, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone rubber, or rubber.

[0084] In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 is elastically deformable. In any of the foregoing aspects, the inflatable element 2 is configured to deform substantially elastically during the transition from a deflated state to an inflated state. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first wall and the second wall of the inflatable element are configured to deform substantially elastically during the transition from a deflated state to an inflated state.

[0085] In any of the foregoing aspects, at least one wall of the inflatable element 2 defines a closed peripheral edge of predetermined length in a cross section along a plane orthogonal to the trajectory of the extension of the inflatable element, wherein the ratio between the length of the peripheral edge in the inflated state of the inflatable element 2 and the length of the same peripheral edge in the deflated state of the inflatable element 2 is greater than or equal to 1.2, optionally between 2 and 6, including endpoint values.

[0086] In any of the foregoing aspects, the first wall and the second wall are joined to each other at the peripheral edge of the fluid seal, particularly the peripheral edge being configured to substantially prevent gas passage. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first wall and the second wall of the inflatable element are joined to each other at the peripheral edge by at least one of the following: gluing, welding, or sewing. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first wall and the second wall of the inflatable element are welded together, optionally heat-sealed together, to define the peripheral edge. In any of the foregoing aspects, the first wall and the second wall of the inflatable element are joined to each other at the peripheral edge by at least one of the following processes: hot pressing, high-frequency welding, or ultrasonic welding.

[0087] In any of the foregoing aspects, the actuator 51 is configured to allow gas to be discharged from the pressurized gas container to allow the inflatable element 2 to change from a deflated state to an inflated state. In any of the foregoing aspects, the protection device 1 further includes a control unit connected to and operating in commanding the actuator 51, wherein the control unit is configured to send a command signal to the actuator for moving the perforator from a first operating position to a second operating position.

[0088] In accordance with the foregoing aspects, the protection device 1 further includes at least one sensor configured to transmit a signal indicating the user's state, wherein the control unit is configured to:

[0089] Receive signals from the sensor,

[0090] The received signal is compared with at least one threshold of the control parameters.

[0091] Based on the comparison to confirm the existence of the user's accident situation, and

[0092] If such an accident condition is identified, a control signal is sent to the actuator 51 to determine the inflation status of the inflatable element.

[0093] In one aspect according to the foregoing, at least one sensor includes at least one of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a GPS. In either of the foregoing aspects, the exciter includes pyrotechnic filler, wherein the control unit is configured to generate an explosion of the pyrotechnic filler upon determination of such an accident condition to allow the perforator to move from a first operating position to a second operating position.

[0094] In any of the foregoing aspects, the pressurized gas container C includes a head configured to be inserted into an inlet of a housing, wherein the head of the container includes an opening configured to allow pressurized gas to exit, and wherein the container C includes a membrane disposed at a closure of the opening of the container C. In any of the foregoing aspects, the membrane is at least partially made of a metallic material. In any of the foregoing aspects, the perforator 53 is configured to rupture the container membrane during passage between a first operating position and a second operating position to allow gas to exit. In any of the foregoing aspects, the pressurized gas container includes a pressurized cylinder. In any of the foregoing aspects, the gas present in the pressurized gas container includes carbon dioxide. In any of the foregoing aspects, the gas in the pressurized gas container optionally has a pressure between 30 bar and 70 bar, optionally between 45 bar and 65 bar, in the closed state of the container; optionally, the pressure is measured at a gas temperature of 20°C. In any of the foregoing aspects, the pressurized gas container has an amount of carbon dioxide between 5 g and 80 g, optionally between 20 g and 40 g. In any of the foregoing aspects, the amount of carbon dioxide present in the pressurized gas container can be measured by a weighing method; optionally, the weighing method includes weighing the container before and after filling, wherein the weight difference substantially corresponds to the amount of carbon dioxide.

[0095] In any of the foregoing aspects, the protective device 1 may include a heating element engaged with the pressurized gas container C. In any of the preceding aspects, the heating element is at least partially in contact with the outer surface of the container C. In any of the foregoing two aspects, the heating element may be of an active type. In any of the foregoing three aspects, the heating element includes a heat generator. In any of the foregoing four aspects, the heating element is configured to heat at least a portion of the container, optionally heating the gas present inside the container. In any of the foregoing five aspects, the heating element is configured to maintain the gas at a temperature between 30°C and 60°C, and more advantageously between 35°C and 45°C. In any of the foregoing six aspects, the heating element includes at least one resistor that optionally is at least partially (e.g., directly or indirectly) in contact with the outer surface of the container (e.g., with the side walls and / or bottom region).

[0096] In any of the seven aspects mentioned above, the heating element may include a passive type of component, optionally including a thermally insulating coating disposed at least partially around the pressurized gas container.

[0097] In any of the preceding eight aspects, the heating element is connected to and controlled by the control unit. Optionally, the control unit is configured to control the heating element to maintain the pressurized gas container, particularly the gas present in the container, within a desired temperature range. In any of the preceding eight aspects, the activator 51 and / or the protection device 1 includes a temperature sensor configured to transmit a signal to the control unit indicating the temperature of the container and / or the gas present in the container. In the aspect according to the preceding one, the control unit is configured to execute a temperature control procedure including the following steps:

[0098] Receive signals from the temperature sensor.

[0099] The temperature of the container and / or the gas present in the container is estimated based on the received signal.

[0100] The estimated temperature value is compared with at least one minimum threshold parameter.

[0101] If the temperature of the container and / or the gas inside it is below a minimum threshold parameter, a control signal is sent to the heating element to heat the container and / or the gas present in the container.

[0102] In one aspect of the preceding one, the control unit is configured to activate the heating element via a control signal, optionally allowing current to pass through a resistor defining at least a portion of the heating element.

[0103] In one aspect, a protective device 1 according to any of the foregoing aspects is provided for defining the use of at least one of the following: an integral part of a garment that can be worn by a user, an integral part of an accessory for protecting the user's neck, a device that can be coupled (engaged in a fixed or removable manner) to the garment, a device that can be coupled (engaged in a fixed or removable manner) to a protective accessory for the user, a wearable accessory, or a carrying system (e.g., at least one of the following: a backpack, a bag).

[0104] In one aspect, clothing 100 that can be worn by a user is provided, the clothing 100 including at least one protective device 1 according to any of the preceding aspects. In the aspect according to the preceding aspect, clothing 100 includes at least one of the following: jacket, vest, suit (optionally a motorcycle suit or racing suit), technical sportswear. Attached Figure Description

[0105] Some embodiments and aspects of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for illustrative purposes only and are therefore non-limiting. In the drawings:

[0106] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the protective device according to the present invention;

[0107] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the protective device according to the present invention;

[0108] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The housing of the exciter according to the present invention is shown;

[0109] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The perforator of the exciter according to the present invention is shown;

[0110] Figure 7 The insert for the exciter is shown;

[0111] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the exciter according to the present invention;

[0112] Figure 9 and Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional view of a protective device placed under two different operating conditions;

[0113] Figure 11 Another protective device according to the invention is shown;

[0114] Figure 12A and Figure 12B This is a schematic diagram of a garment including the protective device according to the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0115] In this detailed description, corresponding parts shown in the various figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. The figures may illustrate the object of the invention by way of non-proportionality; therefore, the parts and components shown in the figures may be merely schematic representations.

[0116] The term "sheet material" refers to a structure having two dimensions (e.g., length and width) that are significantly greater than a third dimension (thickness). Sheet materials extend in thickness between a first primary surface and a second primary surface and can be single-layered or multi-layered.

[0117] The term "impermeable" refers to the ability of a body or material to prevent fluid from passing through. The walls of an inflatable element, and optionally the first and second walls, are essentially gas-impermeable, meaning that it does not allow gases such as air or nitrogen to pass completely through the thickness of the sheet material.

[0118] In this discussion, the term "breathable" refers to the permeability of a body or material to gases, such as air.

[0119] The protection device 1 may include / use at least one control unit for controlling the operating conditions it implements. Depending on the design choice and operational requirements, the control unit may be a single unit or may include multiple separate control units.

[0120] The term "control unit" refers to an electronic component that may include at least one of the following: a digital processor (CPU), analog circuitry, or a combination of one or more digital processors and one or more analog-type circuits. A control unit can be "configured" or "programmed" to perform certain steps: this can be achieved in practice by any means that allows the control unit to be configured or programmed. For example, in the case where the control unit includes one or more CPUs and one or more memories, one or more programs may be stored in appropriate memory banks connected to one or more CPUs; the one or more programs contain instructions that, when executed by one or more CPUs, program the control unit to or configure it to perform the operations described with respect to the control unit. Alternatively, if the control unit is an analog-type circuit or includes analog-type circuitry, the control unit circuitry may be designed to include circuitry configured to process electrical signals in a manner appropriate for performing steps associated with the control unit during use.

[0121] At least a portion of the operation of the described protective device can be performed by a data processing unit or control unit, which is technically replaceable by one or more electronic processors designed to execute a portion of a software program or firmware program loaded onto a memory support. Such software program can be written in any known type of programming language.

[0122] The data processing unit or control unit may be a general-purpose processor configured to perform one or more steps of the operating process identified in this disclosure via software programs or firmware, or the data processing unit or control unit may be an ASIC or special-purpose processor or FPGA specifically programmed to perform at least a portion of the operation of the operating process.

[0123] Memory support can be non-transitory and can be located inside or outside the processor, control unit, or data processing unit. Memory support can also be physically divided into multiple parts.

[0124] The term "protection" is intended as an action that covers part of the body to absorb vibrations caused by impact, or it is understood as an action that supports and / or assists part of the user's body to restrain any unwanted movement. Detailed description Exciter

[0125] Reference numeral 51 generally denotes an actuator for an optional wearable protective device 1. For example, the protective device 1 can be inserted into or attached to technical sportswear (e.g., jackets, vests, and suits for motorcycles and motorsports) or may be an integral part of said technical sportswear. Such a protective device includes an inflatable element configured to protect the user from impact and to transition from a deflated state to an inflated state under predetermined conditions that could lead to injury. Inflation can be performed using a pressurized gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) container C, typically enclosed by a membrane (e.g., metal), perforated by the actuator 51 to release gas and inflate the inflatable element 2.

[0126] The exciter 51 includes a housing 52 extending along an extension direction D between a first end 52a and a second end 52b. The housing 52 may be a hollow body defining a seat S extending along the extension direction D. The housing 52 includes: (i) at least one through-inlet A located at the second end 52b, configured to receive at least a portion of a pressurized gas container; and (ii) at least one channel opening B defined in the housing, arranging the seat S in fluid communication with the through-inlet A. For example, in… Figure 3 As shown, the housing 52 is opened at the second end 52b due to the through-entry A. The housing 52 may be completely hollow. Figure 3 Alternatively, it may include an auxiliary inlet A1 in fluid communication with the through inlet A at the first end 52a; alternatively, the cavity may extend only toward the main part of the housing toward the first end 52a.

[0127] In this configuration, the inner cavity extends from the second end toward the first end through the through-inlet A, into the channel opening B, and then into the seat S. The housing 52 may have a generally cylindrical structure with an outer and inner surface having a generally circular cross-section, but other shapes are not excluded. The through-inlet A (shown in a circular cross-section) is configured to receive the head of the pressurized gas container C, such that after the container is opened at the head, pressurized gas can flow into the housing.

[0128] For example in Figure 3 As can be seen, the housing 52 may include a joining portion V1 at the second end 52b, the joining portion V1 being configured to constrain the housing 52 to a corresponding joining portion C1 of the container C. The joining portion V1 may be defined at the through-entry A and may include internal threads, external threads, a bayonet system, and / or quick-connect fittings. In the illustrated embodiment ( Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the container, the engagement portion V1 includes an internal thread configured to allow the container head to be screwed into the through inlet A.

[0129] A channel opening B is also defined within the housing. The channel opening B, together with the through-inlet A, defines the interior cavity of the housing 52 and is positioned immediately after the through-inlet A (and after the engagement portion V1) in a direction from the second end 52b toward the first end 52a. The channel opening B may be defined by a peripheral edge of a closed profile, which may optionally be rounded and can be considered a continuation of the through-inlet A, while optionally defining a narrowing portion that can serve as the end stroke for the container C. Therefore, the housing 52 may include a stop element 57 disposed in the seat S and configured to define the channel opening B. The stop element 57 may optionally include a ring having an inner edge that defines the channel opening B. The stop element 57 may be integral with the inner surface of the housing 52 (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 3 ).

[0130] As an example, the channel opening B can be defined as 60 mm. 2 With 300 mm 2 Between, optionally within 80 mm 2 With 200mm 2 Between, and even more optionally at 80 mm 2 With 150 mm 2 The minimum channel area between. In the case of a circular perimeter edge, the channel opening B can have a diameter between 10 mm and 20 mm, optionally between 12 mm and 18 mm.

[0131] The seat S is adjacent to the channel opening B on the side opposite to the through-entrance A, wherein the channel opening B is positioned between the through-entrance A and the seat S. The seat S is configured to receive a perforator 53 that slides therein. The seat S may be defined by an inner surface having a generally cylindrical shape and a cross-section that is generally constant along its length, but other shapes are not excluded. The seat S defines a channel cross-section with a predetermined area, which may be equal to or greater than the channel cross-section of the channel opening B. The ratio between the predetermined area of ​​the channel opening B and the predetermined area of ​​the channel cross-section of the seat S may be greater than 0.6, optionally between 0.7 and 1, and even more preferably between 0.9 and 1.

[0132] As an example, the predetermined area of ​​the channel cross-section of the seat can be 60 mm. 2 With 300 mm 2 Between, optionally within 80mm 2 With 200 mm 2 Between, and even more optionally at 80 mm 2 With 150 mm 2 In the cylindrical configuration, the seat S may have a diameter between 10 mm and 20 mm, and optionally between 12 mm and 18 mm, in the cross-section along a plane orthogonal to the extension direction D.

[0133] The actuator 51 may also include a striker 58 disposed within the housing 52 such that the striker, together with the stop element 57, longitudinally defines the seat S and defines the end-stroke position for the piercer 53. The striker 58 may be fixed to the housing or defined by an insert 60 engaged in the housing 52. Figure 8 As shown, the housing 52 may include an engagement portion V2 located at a first end 52a, the engagement portion V2 being configured to constrain to a corresponding engagement portion 61 of the insert. The engagement portion V2 may include internal or external threads configured to be complementary threads engaging the engagement portion 61 of the insert 60. In the illustrated embodiment, the engagement portion V2 includes an internal thread extending from the first end 52a toward a second end 52b, and allows the insert 60 to be reversibly engaged such that at least a portion of the insert defines a striking pin 58. Other reversible engagement systems between the insert and the housing, such as bayonet systems and / or quick-connects, are possible to allow the insert 60 to be removed without damaging the activator.

[0134] Therefore, the seat S can have a length corresponding to the minimum distance between the channel opening B (in particular the stop element 57) and the strike pin 58 (in particular the portion defining the strike pin of the insert 60), which can be between 10 mm and 25 mm, or optionally between 12 mm and 20 mm.

[0135] The insert 60 extends between the bottom surface 60a and the top surface 60b in a direction generally parallel to the extension direction D when the insert is received in the housing 52. In this case, the bottom surface 60a is generally disposed at the first end 52a, while the top surface 60b defines a striker 58 configured to contact the perforator 53 and is spaced apart from the first end 52a. Thus, the insert 60 is generally completely received within the housing 52. The insert includes a lateral surface 60c connecting the bottom surface 60a to the top surface 60b, at least a portion of which is shaped opposite to the inner surface of the housing. The insert 60 may define a generally fluid-tight element configured to prevent gas from escaping from the first end, wherein the outer surface of the insert is at least partially shaped opposite to and in contact with the inner surface of the housing 52. The insert 60 may also include a sealing element 63, optionally a gasket, configured to contact the inner surface of the housing 52 to prevent fluid leakage between the insert and the housing (see, for example, [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 8 ).

[0136] More specifically, the insert 60 may have a generally cylindrical shape and may include a restraining portion extending toward the top surface 60b, starting from the bottom surface 60a. The sealing element 63 may be held in a groove formed on the outer surface of the insert 60, for example, in the middle portion of the insert 60.

[0137] The insert 60 may not have cavities at its bottom surface 60a and top surface 60b. Alternatively, the insert 60 may include a cavity 62 configured to receive pyrotechnic filler 65. When the insert 60 is received in the housing, the cavity 62 faces the perforator 53 arranged in the seat S, is in direct fluid communication with the seat S, and is directly facing the perforator 53.

[0138] Cavity 62 may have a generally cylindrical shape. Cavity 62 may be blind or extend from the top surface 60b toward the bottom surface while remaining spaced apart from the bottom surface. The insert may also include one or more channels 64 extending from the bottom surface 60a to cavity 62 (see, for example, see...). Figure 7 Each channel 64 positions the cavity in fluid communication with the exterior of the housing and allows one or more cables 75a, 75b to pass through, connecting the pyrotechnic filler 65 to a control unit configured to command the ignition of the filler. The illustrated embodiment shows two channels 64, each for a corresponding cable, but a single channel suitable for two or more cables is not excluded.

[0139] As shown in the figure, the housing 52 includes at least one through opening 59 configured to position the seat S in fluid communication with the environment outside the housing 52. The through opening 59 is defined near the channel opening B, particularly between the channel opening B and the first end 52a, and more specifically between the channel opening B and the stop pin 58. Specifically, the through opening 59 is arranged immediately after the stop element 57 along the extending direction D. The distance between the through opening 59 and the stop element 57 can be less than 5 mm, optionally less than 3 mm, and even more preferably less than 2 mm, to allow gas to rapidly exit the housing upon passing through the channel opening B.

[0140] The housing includes a hollow body with side walls of a predetermined thickness, and each through opening 59 extends through the entire thickness of the side wall and may be an aperture. The housing 52 may include a plurality of through openings 59, such that the number of through openings is, for example, between 2 and 12, optionally between 4 and 10, and is uniformly distributed on the side walls along a plane generally orthogonal to the extension direction D. The total gas passage cross-section defined by the through openings 59 is smaller than the total gas passage cross-section defined by the channel openings B. Specifically, the ratio between the total passage area of ​​the through openings 59 and the area of ​​the channel openings B may be between 0.7 and 0.98, optionally between 0.75 and 0.9, where "total passage area" represents the sum of the passage areas of the through openings 59.

[0141] The housing 52 may also include at least one vent 59' configured to position the seat S in fluid communication with the environment outside the housing. The vent 59' extends through a side wall of the housing 52 and may be a circular hole (see, for example...). Figure 4 Vents 59' are positioned between the through opening 59 and the strike pin 58, and the housing may include one to four vents, which may optionally be evenly distributed along a plane orthogonal to the extension direction D. The illustrated embodiment shows two vents 59' generally facing each other. Figure 8 The total gas passage cross-section defined by vent 59' is smaller than the total gas passage cross-section defined by passage opening B, wherein the ratio between the total passage area of ​​vent 59' and the area of ​​passage opening B is between 0.04 and 0.1, and optionally between 0.05 and 0.08.

[0142] The exciter 51 also includes a perforator 53 housed in the seat S of the housing 52. The perforator 53 includes a base body 54 and a lateral surface 55. The base body 54 extends between a first surface 54' facing a first end 52a and a second surface 54'' facing a second end 52b. The lateral surface 55 is at least partially opposite in shape to the inner surface of the seat S and connects the first and second surfaces. The perforator also includes a tip 56 projecting from the second surface 54'' toward the second end 52b. The perforator 53 is movable between a first operating position, in which the base body 54 is spaced apart from the channel opening B, and in the second operating position, at least a portion of the tip 56 passes through the channel opening B. A stop element 57 defining the channel opening B serves as a stop for the container and on the opposite side as a stop for the base body 54, such that the tip can reach the container and open the container C, and gas can enter the seat S and exit the housing through the through opening 59.

[0143] Lateral surface 55 is configured to contact at least a portion of the inner surface of the seat to define a piston-like coupling, wherein the reduced clearance allows sliding while allowing the base body 54 to utilize the thrust generated by the pyrotechnic filler 65. The first surface 54' and the second surface 54'' may have substantially the same geometry and area, and "the area of ​​the second surface" includes the portion occupied by the tip 56. The ratio between the area of ​​the first or second surface and the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel of the seat may be between 0.95 and 1, optionally between 0.97 and 1. By way of example, the area of ​​the first or second surface may be 80 mm. 2 With 350 mm 2 Between, optionally within 120 mm 2 With 250 mm 2 Between, and even more optionally at 150 mm 2 With 200mm 2 Between. In the cylindrical configuration, the base body 54 may be generally cylindrical, wherein the first and second circular surfaces are arranged in a plane that is generally orthogonal to the extension direction D.

[0144] In operation, the second surface 54'' faces the channel opening B. In the first operating position, the perforator is spaced apart from the container C; in the second operating position, the tip 56 perforates a portion (e.g., the head) of the container C. In the second operating position, the second surface 54'' can contact the stop element 57 to prevent further axial movement, such that only the tip passes through the channel opening while the base body remains within the seat S. The first surface 54'' defines a thrust surface acted upon by the pyrotechnic filler 65 to drive the perforator toward the second operating position, while the second surface 54'' defines a thrust surface acted upon by the released gas to return the perforator from the second operating position to the first operating position.

[0145] The gas flow rate depends on the minimum channel area of ​​the opening and channel opening B formed in the container, which is defined such that the ratio between the minimum channel area of ​​channel opening B and the area of ​​the second surface 54'' is greater than 0.6, optionally between 0.7 and 1, and even more preferably between 0.9 and 1. This dimension provides a stop for the perforator (including in the absence of a container) while facilitating rapid gas discharge into the seat and out of the housing.

[0146] like Figure 8 As shown, only a portion of the lateral surface 55 can contact the inner surface that defines the seat portion S. For example, less than 60% (optionally, 20% to 50%) of the lateral surface extension can be configured to contact the seat surface. Therefore, the lateral surface may include at least one contact strip with a shape opposite to the seat surface and at least one recess 55' spaced apart from the contact strip. The contact strip may extend in height from the first surface 54' toward the second surface 54'' and / or from the second surface toward the first surface. In one embodiment, the first and second contact strips are separated by the recess 55', wherein the recess maintains a minimum distance from the seat surface, optionally greater than 0.2 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm to 1 mm. The ratio between the surface area of ​​the recess 55' and the total area of ​​the lateral surface 55 may be between 0.2 and 0.7, optionally between 0.25 and 0.5. This configuration maintains alignment while reducing contact area and friction, thereby increasing the movement speed.

[0147] Figures 8 to 10The diagram illustrates the operating conditions, wherein, in a first operating position, the base body is spaced apart from the through opening 59 and allows fluid communication between the through opening 59 and the channel opening B, including after a return motion driven by the release gas. Before the pyrotechnic filler is ignited, the base body is positioned between the ramming pin 58 and the channel opening B and faces the vent 59'. In a second operating position, the base body is positioned at the through opening 59 and substantially prevents fluid communication between the channel opening B and the through opening 59. The base body has a length L1 (maximum distance between the first and second surfaces measured along D) of 5 mm to 20 mm, optionally 6 mm to 15 mm, and even more preferably 6 mm to 12 mm. The longitudinal dimension of each through opening 59 is less than L1, wherein the ratio between the longitudinal dimension of the opening and L1 is less than 1, optionally 0.4 to 0.9, and even more preferably 0.4 to 0.7, such that the base body can block the through opening in the second operating position.

[0148] During the movement toward the second operating position driven by the pyrotechnic filler 65, the base body moves toward the channel opening B, thereby releasing the vent 59' to expel deposits without unduly restricting thrust. Upon reaching the second operating position, the container is perforated and gas is released; the gas then acts on the second surface 54'' and rapidly drives the perforator back to the first operating position, allowing the gas to exit through the through opening 59. When the perforator is in the second operating position, the vent 59' also allows gas in the seat to vent outwards to reduce drag during the return movement.

[0149] Therefore, the perforator 53 is movable between the insert 60 and the stop element 57. In the first operating position, the first surface 54' can contact the stop pin 58 (optionally contacting the top surface 60b of the insert), and in the second operating position, the second surface 54'' can contact the stop element 57.

[0150] The tip 56 may include an inclined cut surface 56', which is spaced apart from the second surface of the base body and inclined at an angle between 30° and 80°, optionally between 40° and 70°, relative to the second surface of the base body. The tip may be generally cylindrical, having an inclined cut portion defining the cut surface 56', which may be generally elliptical, while the tip may have a circular cross-section in the portion other than the cut surface. The ratio between the cross-sectional area of ​​the tip and the total area of ​​the second surface 54'' may be less than 0.5, optionally between 0.3 and 0.5. The tip has a length L2 ( Figure 6The length L2 is measured orthogonally to the plane of the second surface 54'' and is defined by the distance between the point on the peripheral edge from which the tip extends on the second surface and the point at which the tip is at its maximum distance from the second surface. The length L2 of the tip may be less than 12 mm, optionally from 5 mm to 10 mm, and the ratio L2 / L1 may be between 0.6 and 1, optionally between 0.65 and 0.85.

[0151] Protective devices

[0152] Reference numeral 1 generally indicates a protective device configured to protect a user's body from impact in, for example, in an accident situation. The protective device 1 can be wearable, i.e., insertable into or attachable to technical sportswear such as jackets, vests, and suits for motorsports and cycling, or the protective device 1 can be an integral part of such clothing. The protective device 1 can also define a stand-alone wearable protective device. As described below, the protective device 1 is configured to inflate using pressurized gas to form an impact-absorbing bag-like structure. The possibility of a fixed protective device—i.e., one that can be attached to vehicle components (e.g., automobile or motorcycle components) or equipment (e.g., sports equipment)—is not excluded.

[0153] The protective device 1 may include at least one or more aspects of the invention and / or the exciter 51 specifically described. The protective device 1 may also include at least one pressurized gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) container C coupled to the exciter 51. The container C may be a box-shaped member including a receiving portion having a head configured to be inserted into and coupled to the exciter 51, and capable of at least partially engaging within the housing 52.

[0154] Container C may include a connecting portion C1 (e.g., at the head) configured for reversible connection to housing 52. For example, connecting portion C1 may include an external thread configured to screw into an internal thread V1 of housing 52 at the inlet. The head of container C may define an opening for the outflow of pressurized gas and may include a sealing membrane (e.g., made of metal) sealing said opening. During movement between a first operating position and a second operating position, perforator 53 is configured to contact and disrupt the membrane to release gas.

[0155] The protective device 1 may include a heating element associated with the pressurized gas container C, which, for example, is at least partially in contact with the outer surface of the container. The heating element may be active (e.g., including a heat generator) and configured to heat at least a portion of the container, thereby heating the gas inside the container, for example, to maintain the gas within a range of about 30°C to 60°C, optionally 35°C to 45°C. By way of non-limiting example, the heating element may include at least one resistor in direct or indirect contact with the outer surface of the container (e.g., side walls and / or bottom region). Alternatively, the heating element may be passive, for example, a thermally insulating coating surrounding the container to limit pressure drops due to external conditions.

[0156] The exciter 51 may include a control unit. If a control unit is present, the heating element may be connected to and controlled by the control unit to maintain the container (and the gas therein) within a desired temperature range. The exciter 51 may include a temperature sensor configured to send a signal to the control unit representing the temperature of the container and / or the gas therein. The control unit may implement a temperature control procedure including: receiving the sensor signal; estimating the temperature; comparing the estimated temperature with a minimum threshold; and if the estimated temperature is below the threshold, sending a control signal to activate the heating element (e.g., by supplying current to a resistor).

[0157] The protective device 1 includes at least one inflatable element 2, which is connected to the exciter 51 and is switchable between a deflated state and an inflated state. The inflatable element 2 may include a connecting conduit 20, which is externally connected to the housing 52 to receive gas exiting the exciter 51 from the container C. Specifically ( Figure 11 The inflatable element 2 may include: (i) a body 10 configured to protect a user from impact; and (ii) a connecting conduit 20 integrally connected to the body 10. The connecting conduit 20 is in direct fluid communication with the body 10, such that the body 10 and the connecting conduit 20 define a single internal volume of the inflatable element 2.

[0158] The main body 10 may include one or more protected areas (e.g., Figure 11 The protective regions Z1, Z2, and Z3 are each configured to protect a corresponding body area and are optionally interconnected by arranging the regions as fluidly connected channels. The connecting conduit 20 is configured to engage with the agitator 51 to receive a gas flow and thereby inflate the inflatable element 2. Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the portion of the housing 52 extending from the first end 52a to at least one through opening 59 can be generally arranged within the inflatable element 2, particularly within the connecting conduit 20. Therefore, the housing 52 may include a connecting portion V3 arranged between the second end 52b and the through opening 59, configured to connect the housing 52 to the inflatable element 2, particularly to the connecting conduit 20. The connecting portion V3 may include, for example, external threads, a bayonet system, or a quick-connect. In this configuration, the engaging portion V1 may be inside the housing 52, while the connecting portion V3 is external, and the engaging portion V1 may include an internal thread V1 opposite to the external thread of the connecting portion V3, such that V1 engages the container C and V3 connects the housing 52 to the inflatable element 2.

[0159] The inflatable element 2 can be directly coupled to the housing 52 via a threaded portion and / or by welding and / or gluing. Alternatively, the protective device 1 may include a connector 70 configured to connect the inflatable element 2 and position it in fluid communication with an internal volume of the housing. The connector 70 is constrained to a connecting portion V3 of the housing 52 on one side and engages inside a connecting conduit 20 of the inflatable element 2 on the other side. The connector 70 may define an intermediate portion permanently fixed to the inflatable element 2, for example by welding and / or gluing, and may include an engagement portion 72 (e.g., internal thread) configured for quick and reversible engagement with the housing 52. The connector may include a hollow body having a generally cylindrical shape, with an outer surface capable of engaging with the connecting conduit 20 and an engagement portion 72 defined within the hollow body.

[0160] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, one or more cables 75a, 75b extend from the pyrotechnic filler 65 toward the outer side of the base S. In the embodiment ( Figure 9 and Figure 10 In this configuration, after passing through one or more channels 64, the cable is laid downwards and guided through a corresponding groove 73 (e.g., obtained by milling) at the second end 52b of the housing 52. The groove 73 may include a first portion 73a extending through a threaded area of ​​the connecting portion V3 and a second portion 73b extending through an annular portion defining the second end 52b. Figure 4 As can be seen, the groove can be one groove for one cable (or two cables together), or two grooves, i.e., one groove for each cable, and the groove can be vertically offset relative to the through opening 59 so that the cable does not interfere with the flow of air, CO2 or gas through the opening 59.

[0161] As in Figure 8As can be further seen in the cross-sectional view, an annular washer 76 is provided at the second end 52b, and once the annular washer 76 is arranged in the groove 73, it can be positioned above the cable. In this way, the washer 76 ensures an airtight seal at the groove and also holds the cable in place. This embodiment is advantageous ( Figure 10 This arrangement, because it places the connection area between the connecting portion V3 of the housing and the engagement portion 72 of the connector 70 outside the inflatable element 2, through which the excitation cable passes. This arrangement typically requires the exciter 51 to engage with the connector 70 (e.g., by rotation) before the cable can be connected to the mating connector of the control unit, thereby increasing the level of safety, since excitation can only occur after proper engagement with the inflatable element 2.

[0162] When present, connector 70, together with housing, defines cavity I facing through opening 59 and in direct fluid communication with the internal volume of inflatable element 2. Figure 9 and Figure 10 After the container is opened, gas enters the seat S through the channel opening B, exits the housing 52 through the through opening 59, enters the cavity I, and then inflates the inflatable element 2. The connector 70 may include an upper crown 71 configured to surround the lower portion of the housing 52 in which the through opening 59 is located. In particular, the engagement portion 72 and the upper crown 71 may define a single cylindrical symmetrical body configured to be screwed onto the agitator 51 from the outside at the engagement portion V3, thereby forming a rigid but removable assembly defining the cavity I, into which CO2 is released once the pressurized container C is opened by the perforator 53. For example, as Figure 9 As shown, cavity I may include a first generally annular portion and an upper region. The first generally annular portion has a finite opening and a generally constant radial distance from the outer surface of housing 52. In the upper region, the opening and volume increase due to the inclined surface of the upper crown 71 relative to housing 52, thereby providing an outwardly diverging annular geometry. Under certain operating conditions, the pressure drop through channel opening B and through opening 59 can cause partially throttled or near-throttled flow, and the dispersive portion of connector 70 can further accelerate the airflow, thereby increasing the inflation velocity, as very high gas velocities can be achieved within cavity I.

[0163] The inflatable element 2 can be made of a deformable sheet material and can be at least partially made of polyurethane, PVC, EVA, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone rubber, rubber, or combinations thereof. The inflatable element 2 is configured to present a flat or stretched configuration depending on the stress applied to the material, and includes an airtight structure that allows transition from a deflated state to an inflated state in which the sheet material is substantially stretched. The sheet material can be a single-layer, airtight, and deformable plastic film that provides elastic deformability. Alternatively, the sheet material can be multilayered and can include a first plastic film layer and a second fabric layer, for example, bonded to the first plastic film layer by adhesive or heat sealing. The first layer can define a gas-barrier layer (e.g., made of polyurethane, PVC, EVA, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone rubber, rubber, or similar materials), while the second layer can define a structural layer configured to limit bursting during inflation (e.g., made of nylon or polyester). In a multilayer configuration, the sheet material can be deformable while being substantially inelastically indeformable.

[0164] The inflatable element 2 may include at least one sheet material wall that defines an internal volume and has a first portion and a second portion facing each other. In the deflated state, the first portion and the second portion are close to each other and optionally in contact with each other on the main surface area; in the inflated state, the first portion and the second portion are spaced apart on the main surface area, such that the inflatable element 2 defines a larger internal volume than in the deflated state.

[0165] For example, the protective device 1 may include an inflatable element 2 according to Italian patent application No. 102024000009331 (see, for example, the Italian specification from page 18, line 23 to page 24, line 24) or according to Italian patent application No. 102024000014881 (see, for example, the Italian specification from page 18, line 23 to page 21, line 27). The protective device 1 may also include a housing made of sheet material that defines a compartment (optionally a single compartment) for accommodating the inflatable element 2, the compartment defining a closed internal compartment in which the inflatable element 2 is completely contained. For example, the protective device 1 may include a housing according to Italian patent application No. 102024000009331 (see, for example, the Italian specification from page 16, line 16 to page 24, line 24) or according to Italian patent application No. 102024000014881 (see, for example, the Italian specification from page 21, line 28 to page 29, line 34).

[0166] The protection device 1 may further include a control unit connected to the actuator 51, the control unit being configured to send a command signal to activate the pyrotechnic filler and drive the perforator 53 from a first operating position to a second operating position. The protection device 1 may also include at least one sensor configured to output a signal indicating a user state, the control unit being configured to receive the signal, compare it to at least one threshold, determine an accident condition based on the comparison, and, upon determining the accident condition, send a command signal to the actuator 51 to inflate the inflatable element 2. The at least one sensor may include one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a GPS.

[0167] use

[0168] The invention also relates to the use of the actuator 51 and / or the protective device 1 for protecting an object. The actuator 51 and / or the protective device 1 can be used as part of clothing, for example, as part of a suit (see example...). Figure 12A and Figure 12B It can be an integral part of a jacket or vest, or used as part of a protective accessory (e.g., a helmet or back protector). Alternatively, the protective device 1 can be of the connectable type, i.e., capable of being removably attached to clothing 100 or a protective accessory. The possibility of using the actuator 51 and / or the protective device 1 as a safety system for a vehicle (e.g., an automobile) is not excluded.

[0169] clothing

[0170] The present invention also relates to clothing 100, which includes a protective device 1 according to various aspects of the invention. Clothing 100 may include a jacket, vest, suit (optionally a motorcycle or motorsports suit), or other technical sportswear. Clothing 100 may include an outer layer and an inner layer. The protective device 1 may be an integral part of the clothing or may be attached to the inner layer of a jacket, vest, or suit.

Claims

1. An actuator for an inflatable protective device, the actuator comprising: A housing extending along an extending direction between a first end and a second end, the housing defining a seat extending along the extending direction, the housing further comprising: A through-inlet, located at the second end and configured to receive part of a pressurized gas container, and A channel opening is formed in the housing, allowing the seat to be in fluid communication with the through inlet. A perforator, disposed in the seat, and including a base body extending between a first surface facing the first end and a second surface facing the second end, the base body also including a lateral surface partially or completely opposite in shape to the inner surface of the seat, the perforator also including a tip projecting from the second surface toward the second end, the perforator being movable between: In the first operating position, the base body is spaced apart from the channel opening, and In a second operating position, a portion of the tip extends through the channel opening, the second surface defines a second surface area, and the channel opening defines a minimum channel area. A pyrotechnic filler, disposed within the housing and positioned facing the first surface of the base body, the pyrotechnic filler configured to drive the perforator from a first operating position to a second operating position. The ratio between the minimum channel area of ​​the channel opening and the second surface area of ​​the second surface is between 0.7 and 1.

2. The exciter according to claim 1, wherein, The housing includes a stop element configured to define the channel opening and to contact the second surface of the base body of the perforator when in the second operating position, wherein the housing includes a hollow body and the stop element is integrally formed with the hollow body of the housing, the stop element including a ring having an inner peripheral edge that defines the channel opening of the housing.

3. The exciter according to claim 1, wherein, The housing has a through opening configured to allow fluid communication between the seat and the external environment of the housing, wherein the through opening is defined near the channel opening of the housing. When the perforator is in the first operating position, a first chamber is defined between the interior of the seat, the inner surface of the housing, the second end of the housing, the channel opening, and the second surface of the perforator. The through opening is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the channel opening. When the perforator is positioned in the second operating position, the through opening is no longer in fluid communication with the first chamber and the channel opening, and a second chamber is defined between the first surface of the perforator, the inner surface of the housing, and the lower surface of the insert associated with the first end of the housing, wherein, in the second operating position, a vent provided in the housing allows fluid communication between the second chamber and the external environment, and when the perforator is in the first operating position, the vent is no longer in fluid communication with the second chamber.

4. The exciter according to claim 3, wherein, The through opening includes a plurality of through openings, the number of which is between 2 and 12. The plurality of through openings are uniformly distributed on the side walls of the housing along a plane orthogonal to the extending direction of the housing.

5. The exciter according to claim 3, wherein, The through opening defines the total gas passage cross-section, which is smaller than the gas passage cross-section defined by the passage opening in the housing. The total gas passage cross-section defined by the through opening has a predetermined area, wherein the ratio of the predetermined area of ​​the total gas passage cross-section defined by the through opening to the predetermined area defined by the passage opening of the housing is between 0.7 and 0.

98.

6. The exciter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The lateral surface of the base body of the perforator includes: A contact strip is configured to contact the inner surface of the housing that defines the seat portion, and has a shape opposite to the inner surface of the housing that defines the seat portion. A recess, the recess being away from the inner side surface defining the seat portion of the housing. The recess is configured to maintain a predetermined minimum distance from the inner lateral surface of the housing that defines the seat portion during movement of the perforator between the first operating position and the second operating position and between the second operating position and the first operating position.

7. The exciter according to claim 6, wherein, The contact strip extends in height from the first surface of the base body toward the second surface, and / or from the second surface of the base body toward the first surface.

8. The exciter according to claim 7, wherein, The contact strip portion includes a first contact strip portion and a second contact strip portion that are spaced apart from each other by the recess. The first contact strip extends from the first surface of the base body toward the second surface. The second contact strip extends from the second surface of the base body toward the first surface. The recess is spaced apart from the inner surface of the housing that defines the seat portion. The first contact strip portion, the second contact strip portion, and the recess are symmetrical with respect to the extending direction.

9. The exciter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The tip has an inclined cut surface spaced apart from the second surface of the base body, wherein the cut surface is inclined at an angle between 30° and 80° relative to the second surface from which the tip of the base body extends.

10. The activator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an insert partially or completely housed in the housing and positioned at the first end portion, the insert being insertable from the second end portion of the housing into and engaging the seat portion, the insert including a striker disposed within the housing, wherein, The striker is configured to contact the perforator in the first operating position and serve as an end travel element of the perforator. The perforator is inserted between the striker and a stop element located at the channel opening. The stop element is configured to receive the second surface of the base body of the perforator in an abutting manner in the second operating position, thereby preventing further axial movement of the perforator toward the through-inlet.

11. The exciter according to claim 10, wherein, The insert has a cavity facing the perforator and configured to receive the pyrotechnic filling material, the cavity of the insert directly facing the first surface of the base body of the perforator, and The impact pin surrounds the lower end of the first surface of the cavity facing the base body, the area of ​​the lower end is smaller than the area of ​​the first surface of the base body, and the lower end is centered relative to the extension direction.

12. The exciter according to claim 11, wherein, The lower end of the cavity includes a sealing membrane that, together with the cavity, defines a closed volume for accommodating the pyrotechnic filler. The sealing membrane is configured to open when the pyrotechnic filler is ignited and during the movement of the perforator from the first operating position to the second operating position.

13. The exciter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The length defined by the distance between the second surface from which the tip of the base body extends and the point on the peripheral edge at the maximum distance from the second surface corresponds to the travel of the perforator from the first operating position to the second operating position.

14. The exciter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The housing includes a connecting portion disposed between the second end and a through opening disposed on a side wall of the housing, the connecting portion being configured to allow engagement of the housing with an inflatable element. The connecting portion includes a through-seat portion configured to accommodate one or more cables connected to the pyrotechnic filling material. The through-seat portion is arranged such that, once the exciter is engaged with the inflatable element, the one or more cables pass through the connecting portion and extend at the second end of the housing. The through-seat portion includes a first portion disposed at a threaded area of ​​the connecting portion and a second portion disposed at a ring defined at the second end of the housing. The first portion of the through-seat portion does not contain threaded teeth. The housing also includes a washer and a washer seat positioned at the connection portion, and the one or more cables are inserted between the washer and the connection portion.

15. The exciter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The housing includes an auxiliary inlet defined at the first end, which is opposite to the through inlet defined at the second end. The auxiliary inlet has an overall size that allows the perforator to pass through, while the channel opening defined in the housing has an overall size that prevents the perforator from leaving the seat regardless of the presence of the pressurized gas container.

16. An actuator for an inflatable protective device, the actuator comprising: A housing extending between a first end and a second end along an extending direction, the housing defining a seat extending along the extending direction, and including a through opening configured to allow fluid communication between the seat and an environment outside the housing, the through opening being defined at a channel opening in the housing, the housing further comprising: A through-inlet, located at the second end and configured to receive part of a pressurized gas container, and The channel opening is formed in the housing and allows the seat to be in fluid communication with the through inlet. A perforator, disposed in the seat, and including a base body extending between a first surface facing the first end and a second surface facing the second end, the base body also including a lateral surface partially or completely opposite in shape to the inner surface of the seat, the perforator also including a tip projecting from the second surface toward the second end, the perforator being movable between: In the first operating position, the base body is spaced apart from the channel opening, and In a second operating position, a portion of the tip extends through the channel opening, the second surface defines a second surface area, and the channel opening defines a minimum channel area. A pyrotechnic filler, disposed within the housing and positioned facing the first surface of the base body, the pyrotechnic filler configured to drive the perforator from a first operating position to a second operating position. When the perforator is in the first operating position, a first chamber is defined between the interior of the seat, the inner surface of the housing, the second end of the housing, the channel opening, and the second surface of the perforator. The through opening is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the channel opening. When the perforator is in the second operating position, the through opening is no longer in fluid communication with the first chamber or the channel opening, and a second chamber is defined between the first surface of the perforator, the inner surface of the housing, and the lower surface of the insert associated with the first end of the housing. In the second operating position, a vent in the housing allows the second chamber to be in fluid communication with the external environment. When the perforator is in the first operating position, the vent is no longer in fluid communication with the second chamber.

17. The activator of claim 16, further comprising an insert partially or completely housed in the housing and disposed at the first end, the insert engaging in the seat portion of the housing, and including a striker disposed within the housing, wherein, The striker is configured to contact the perforator in the first operating position and define an end travel element for the perforator. The perforator is inserted between the striker and a stop element located at the channel opening and configured to receive the second surface of the base body of the perforator in an abutting manner in the second operating position and prevent axial movement of the perforator toward the through-inlet.

18. The exciter according to any one of claims 16 and 17, wherein, The housing includes an auxiliary inlet defined at the first end, opposite to the through inlet defined at the second end, the auxiliary inlet having an overall size that allows the perforator to pass through, while the channel opening defined in the housing has an overall size that prevents the perforator from leaving the seat regardless of the presence of the pressurized gas container, the insert being able to be inserted into the seat through the auxiliary inlet and removably engaged with the seat.

19. An actuator for an inflatable protective device, the actuator comprising: Pressurized gas container A housing extending between a first end and a second end along an extending direction, the housing defining a seat extending along the extending direction, and including a through opening configured to allow fluid communication between the seat and an environment outside the housing, the through opening being defined at a channel opening in the housing, the housing further comprising: A through-inlet is provided at the second end and is connected to a portion of the pressurized gas container. The channel opening is formed in the housing and allows the seat to be in fluid communication with the through inlet. The connecting portion is arranged between the second end and the through opening. A perforator, disposed in the seat, and including a base body extending between a first surface facing the first end and a second surface facing the second end, the base body also including a lateral surface partially or completely opposite in shape to the inner surface of the seat, the perforator also including a tip projecting from the second surface toward the second end, the perforator being movable between: In the first operating position, the base body is spaced apart from the channel opening, and In a second operating position, a portion of the tip extends through the channel opening, the second surface defines a second surface area, and the channel opening defines a minimum channel area. A pyrotechnic filler, disposed within the housing and positioned facing the first surface of the base body, the pyrotechnic filler configured to drive the perforator from a first operating position to a second operating position. An inflatable element that can be configured to switch between a deflated state and an inflated state. A connector configured to connect the inflatable element and provide fluid communication between the inflatable element and the internal volume of the housing, the connector being removably secured to the connection portion of the housing on one side and engaging within the inflatable element on the other side. The connecting portion engages with the connector and includes a through-hole portion for receiving one or more cables connected to the pyrotechnic filling material. The through-hole portion is arranged such that once the connector engages with the inflatable element, the one or more cables pass through the connecting portion and extend at the second end of the housing. The perforator is configured to act on the pressurized gas container to perforate the container and release gas, thereby changing the inflatable element from the deflated state to the inflated state.

20. The exciter according to claim 19, wherein, The housing also includes a washer and a washer seat positioned at the connection portion, and the one or more cables are inserted between the washer and the connection portion.

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