Method and system for measuring tunnel deformation data

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel deformation data measuring method and system, and relates to the technical field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining initial section data of a tunnel to be measured and target point positions of gyroscopes arranged in the tunnel to be measured; arranging gyroscopes in the initial section of the tunnel to be measured according to the target point positions, regarding a connecting straight line between two adjacent gyroscopes as a chord, and determining length data of the chord; obtaining attitude angle change data measured by gyroscopes at two ends of each chord and settlement length data of each line after settlement of the tunnel to be measured, and determining relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes according to the attitude angle change data, the length data and the settlement length data; and determining vault settlement data and clearance convergence data of a section of the tunnel to be measured according to the relative position coordinates and the initial section data. Through the technical scheme, the complexity of equipment installation in the tunnel to be measured can be reduced. Images in the tunnel do not need to be collected for measurement, and the accuracy of tunnel monitoring and measuring data can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology, specifically to a method and system for measuring tunnel deformation data. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel monitoring and measurement are crucial for addressing the disturbances caused by tunnel construction to complex geological environments. By monitoring the stress and deformation patterns of the surrounding rock and support structures in real time, construction plans and support parameters can be dynamically adjusted. Essentially, it is a key means of information-based construction. When tunnels pass through fault zones, karst formations, or other adverse geological conditions, monitoring and measurement can provide early warnings of potential accidents such as collapses and water inrushes. Therefore, tunnel monitoring and measurement are necessary to ensure construction safety.

[0003] In related technologies, tunnel monitoring and measurement are carried out using array-type displacement gauges or digital image monitoring methods. However, when using array-type displacement gauges for tunnel monitoring and measurement, the equipment installation is cumbersome, the amount of data processed is large, and the measurement efficiency is reduced. When using digital image monitoring methods for tunnel monitoring and measurement, the clarity of the acquired images is insufficient, which has great limitations and leads to inaccurate measurement data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for measuring tunnel deformation data in order to solve the technical problems existing in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring tunnel deformation data, comprising:

[0006] The initial cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be tested and the target points of the gyroscopes to be deployed in the initial cross-section of the tunnel to be tested are obtained. The target points are obtained by simulating the deformation data of the tunnel under ground stress through the simulation model of the tunnel to be tested.

[0007] Based on the target location, gyroscopes are deployed in the initial cross-section of the tunnel to be tested. The straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes is regarded as a chord, and the length data of the chord is determined.

[0008] After the tunnel under test settles, the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string and the settlement length data of each line are obtained. Based on the attitude angle change data, length data and settlement length data, the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string are determined.

[0009] Based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string and the initial cross-sectional data, the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured are determined.

[0010] Optionally, determining the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string based on attitude angle transformation data, length data, and settlement length data includes:

[0011] A three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed with the center of the tunnel cross-section as the origin. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string in the vertical direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes in the vertical direction is calculated. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string in the x-axis direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes in the x-axis direction is calculated. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string in the y-axis direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes in the vertical direction, the displacement data in the x-axis direction, and the displacement data in the y-axis direction, the relative sub-position coordinates of the gyroscopes are determined.

[0012] Based on the length data and settlement length data, the relative sub-position coordinates are corrected by chord length constraints to obtain the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord.

[0013] Optionally, determining the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord and the initial cross-sectional data includes:

[0014] The settlement cross-sectional data of the tunnel under test are determined based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string.

[0015] Determine the first crown data in the initial cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be tested and the second crown data in the settlement cross-sectional data. Subtract the value of the second crown data in the Z-axis direction from the value of the first crown data in the Z-axis direction to obtain the crown settlement data.

[0016] The endpoint pairs in the initial cross-sectional data are determined, the new position coordinates of the endpoint pairs in the settlement cross-sectional data are calculated, and the net clearance convergence data are calculated based on the new position coordinates. The endpoint pairs include a first endpoint and a second endpoint, and the first endpoint and the second endpoint are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the long axis of the initial cross-sectional data.

[0017] Optionally, the target location is obtained through the following method:

[0018] Obtain geological survey data parameters and tunnel support structure parameters of the tunnel to be tested;

[0019] Based on the parameters of geological survey data and tunnel support structure, a simulation model of the tunnel to be tested is constructed, and the deformation process of the tunnel under the action of ground stress is simulated in the simulation model to determine the target area where the tunnel cross section deforms in the simulation model.

[0020] The points with concentrated deformation within the target area and the points with deformation gradients exceeding a preset threshold are identified as target points.

[0021] Optionally, determining the points with concentrated deformation and the points with deformation gradients exceeding a preset threshold within the target area as target points includes:

[0022] Identify the first point of concentrated deformation within the target area and the second point where the deformation gradient exceeds a preset threshold.

[0023] The gyroscopes are set up at the first and second points in the cross section of the tunnel to be measured, and the first cross section data of the tunnel to be measured by the gyroscopes and the second cross section data of the tunnel to be measured by the total station are obtained.

[0024] Calculate the difference between the first cross-sectional data and the second cross-sectional data. When the difference is greater than a preset difference, determine the new first point and the new second point based on the difference. Place the gyroscope into the cross-section of the tunnel to be measured according to the new first point and the new second point. Obtain the new first cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be measured by the gyroscope and the new second cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be measured by the total station. Calculate the new difference between the new first cross-sectional data and the new second cross-sectional data. When the new difference is less than or equal to the preset difference, determine the new first point and the new second point as the target points.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention also provides a measurement system for tunnel deformation data, including multiple gyroscopes and a control module, wherein the input terminal of the control module is connected to the output terminal of each gyroscope.

[0026] The gyroscope is used to measure the attitude angle change data of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord in the cross-section of the tunnel under test after settlement occurs, as well as the settlement length data of each chord, and input the attitude angle change data and settlement length data into the control module.

[0027] The control module is used to determine the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string based on the attitude angle transformation data, length data, and settlement length data, and to determine the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string and the initial cross-section data.

[0028] Optionally, the measurement system further includes a display module, the input of which is connected to the output of the control module;

[0029] The display module is used to receive and display the arch settlement data and the clearance convergence data.

[0030] The above technical solution involves deploying gyroscopes within the initial cross-section of the tunnel under test, based on the target points. The straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes within the initial cross-section is considered a chord, and the length of this chord is determined. The target points are obtained by simulating deformation data under ground stress using a simulation model of the tunnel. This eliminates the need to install multiple devices within the tunnel, reducing the complexity of equipment installation. After settlement occurs in the tunnel, the attitude angle changes measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord, as well as the settlement length data for each line, are acquired. Based on these data, the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord are determined. Using the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord and the initial cross-section data, the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel cross-section are determined. This eliminates the need for image acquisition within the tunnel, improving the accuracy of tunnel monitoring data and reducing data processing, thus increasing processing efficiency.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for measuring tunnel deformation data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the deployment of gyroscopes in a tunnel under test according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the settlement of the tunnel section before and after testing, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a gyroscope and a string arranged on the cross-section of a tunnel to be tested, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a tunnel deformation data measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a tunnel deformation data measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows:

[0039] 1. Initial cross-sectional data; 2. Settlement cross-sectional data; 3. String; 4. Gyroscope. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, so as to provide a better understanding of the concept of the present invention, the technical problem solved, the technical features constituting the technical solution, and the technical effects brought about.

[0041] The existing technologies mainly employ two technical solutions: non-contact and contact automated monitoring and measurement. Non-contact automated monitoring and measurement primarily uses fully automatic total stations that employ laser ranging and angle calculation, visual measuring instruments that employ pixel position calculation, and visual monitoring instruments that employ structured light. However, these technologies are not suitable for use in tunnels due to the difficulty in protecting the monitoring equipment and the poor visibility caused by dust.

[0042] In related technologies, tunnel monitoring and measurement are carried out using digital image processing monitoring technology or array-type displacement meters. When array-type displacement meters are used for monitoring, they are a new type of intelligent three-dimensional deformation monitoring sensor suitable for various industry applications. They are mainly used to measure displacement, angle, acceleration, vibration, and temperature in three-dimensional space. Array-type displacement meters are a static application of MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) accelerometers. They utilize the components of gravitational acceleration in the three axes of the MEMS sensor to calculate the angle between each sensor segment and the vertical and horizontal directions. Combined with the length of the sensor, the vertical and horizontal displacements are calculated, i.e., the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of each node relative to a reference point. The core sensor technology is mature and applied in multiple monitoring fields such as hydropower, railways, tunnels, slopes, tailings, and foundation pits.

[0043] However, the inventors discovered that when using digital image processing monitoring technology for tunnel monitoring and measurement, the acquisition of tunnel images is significantly affected by lighting and dust. In the dusty and dark environment of tunnel construction, problems such as low image quality and limited distance measurement may occur, leading to inaccurate measurement data. When using array-type displacement gauges for tunnel monitoring and measurement, these gauges are connected end-to-end by flexible hoses, with each section typically 0.5m or 1m in length. Each section's protective tube is made of stainless steel, making the installation of array-type displacement gauges relatively cumbersome and resulting in excessively large data processing volumes.

[0044] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for measuring tunnel deformation data to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for measuring tunnel deformation data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 The method includes;

[0046] S101: Obtain the initial cross-sectional data of the tunnel under test and the target points of the gyroscopes deployed in the initial cross-section of the tunnel under test, wherein the target points are obtained by simulating the deformation data of the tunnel under test under the action of ground stress through the simulation model of the tunnel under test.

[0047] S102: Based on the target location, gyroscopes are deployed in the initial cross-section of the tunnel to be measured. The straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes is regarded as a chord, and the length data of the chord is determined.

[0048] S103: After the tunnel under test settles, acquire the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string and the settlement length data of each string, and determine the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string based on the attitude angle change data, length data and settlement length data.

[0049] S104: Based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string and the initial cross-sectional data, determine the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured.

[0050] The above technical solution involves deploying gyroscopes within the initial cross-section of the tunnel under test, based on the target points. The straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes within the initial cross-section is considered a chord, and the length of this chord is determined. The target points are obtained by simulating deformation data under ground stress using a simulation model of the tunnel. This eliminates the need to install multiple devices within the tunnel, reducing the complexity of equipment installation. After settlement occurs in the tunnel, the attitude angle changes measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord, as well as the settlement length data for each line, are acquired. Based on these data, the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord are determined. Using the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord and the initial cross-section data, the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel cross-section are determined. This eliminates the need for image acquisition within the tunnel, improving the accuracy of tunnel monitoring data and reducing data processing, thus increasing processing efficiency.

[0051] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the method for measuring tunnel deformation data provided by the present invention, the above steps are illustrated in detail below.

[0052] For example, the initial cross-sectional data can be the cross-sectional data of the tunnel under test during the period of settlement. A gyroscope can be used to measure the rotational angular velocity of an object, primarily providing spatial attitude reference for the device by sensing angular motion. The simulation model can be a simulation model of the tunnel under test in 3D software. After constructing the simulation model of the tunnel under test in this 3D software, the deformation data of the simulation model under the action of geostress can be simulated, and the target point can be determined based on this deformation data. Geostress can be a general term for various stresses within the Earth, representing the natural stress state formed by rock masses during long geological evolution. In this embodiment of the invention, the initial cross-sectional data of the tunnel under test and the target points for deploying the gyroscopes can be obtained first. The initial cross-sectional data and target points are then used in subsequent steps. The number of target points for deploying gyroscopes can be the target number, which is obtained by simulating the tunnel cross-section deformation process under ground stress in the simulation model. If the number of targets is too large, it will increase the cost of setting up; if the number of targets is too small, it will reduce the measurement accuracy. Therefore, by simulating the tunnel cross-section deformation process under ground stress in the simulation model, the target number can be obtained while meeting the accuracy of tunnel cross-section monitoring and measurement and reducing the deployment cost.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, a gyroscope can be installed in a spatial deformable transducer, which includes a wireless communication module and a battery module. The battery module powers the wireless communication module and the gyroscope, and the angle change data acquired by the gyroscope can be transmitted through the wireless communication module. The gyroscope can acquire high-precision static angles of a string in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0054] In one possible manner, the target location is obtained by the following method:

[0055] Obtain geological survey data parameters and tunnel support structure parameters of the tunnel to be tested;

[0056] Based on the parameters of geological survey data and tunnel support structure, a simulation model of the tunnel to be tested is constructed, and the deformation process of the tunnel under the action of ground stress is simulated in the simulation model to determine the target area where the tunnel cross section deforms in the simulation model.

[0057] The points with concentrated deformation within the target area and the points with deformation gradients exceeding a preset threshold are identified as target points.

[0058] It should be understood that geological survey data parameters may include basic physical parameters of the rock mass, rock mass physical property parameters, seepage-related parameters, and initial stress parameters, while tunnel support structure parameters may include shotcrete data, anchor bolt-related parameters, and steel arch frame-related parameters. After obtaining the geological survey data parameters and tunnel support structure parameters, a simulation model of the tunnel to be tested can be constructed in 3D software, such as FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions).

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, after constructing a simulation model in 3D software, the deformation process of the cross-section of the tunnel under test under ground stress can be simulated in the simulation model. The deformation of the cross-section at different locations can be obtained, and then the target deformation area can be determined based on the deformation. This target area may include areas such as the arch crown, arch waist, sidewalls, and invert. Then, points within the target area where deformation is concentrated and points where the deformation gradient exceeds a preset threshold can be identified as target points. Specifically, points within the target area where deformation is concentrated can be points with complex deformation patterns, and points where the deformation gradient exceeds the preset threshold can be points with large deformation amounts and fast deformation rates during the simulation.

[0060] Therefore, by using the above technical solution, the target quantity can be obtained by simulating the deformation process of the tunnel cross section under the action of ground stress in the simulation model. This can meet the accuracy requirements of tunnel cross section monitoring and measurement while reducing deployment costs.

[0061] In possible ways, determining the points with concentrated deformation within the target area and the points with deformation gradients exceeding a preset threshold as target points includes:

[0062] Identify the first point of concentrated deformation within the target area and the second point where the deformation gradient exceeds a preset threshold.

[0063] The gyroscopes are set up at the first and second points in the cross section of the tunnel to be measured, and the first cross section data of the tunnel to be measured by the gyroscopes and the second cross section data of the tunnel to be measured by the total station are obtained.

[0064] Calculate the difference between the first cross-sectional data and the second cross-sectional data. When the difference is greater than a preset difference, determine the new first point and the new second point based on the difference. Place the gyroscope into the cross-section of the tunnel to be measured according to the new first point and the new second point. Obtain the new first cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be measured by the gyroscope and the new second cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be measured by the total station. Calculate the new difference between the new first cross-sectional data and the new second cross-sectional data. When the new difference is less than or equal to the preset difference, determine the new first point and the new second point as the target points.

[0065] It should be understood that after deploying gyroscopes within the tunnel to be tested according to the target location, the data measured by the gyroscopes can be fitted with manually measured data. The fitting result determines whether the target location is the most accurate location. In this embodiment of the invention, after deploying the gyroscopes within the cross-section of the tunnel to be tested according to the target location, the first cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be tested measured by the gyroscopes and the second cross-sectional data of the tunnel to be tested obtained by a total station. The total station can be a total station type electronic rapid measuring instrument, which can be used to measure relevant tunnel data. The difference between the first and second cross-sectional data can then be calculated. If the difference is less than or equal to a preset difference, it indicates that the target location for deploying the gyroscopes within the cross-section of the tunnel to be tested is reasonable, and it ensures that the accuracy of the final measured data on the tunnel's arch settlement and clearance convergence is optimal while using the lowest possible cost. If the difference is greater than the preset difference, it means that the target position of the gyroscope is unreasonable and the position needs to be readjusted. Then, a new first position and a new second position can be determined based on the difference. The gyroscope is then placed in the tunnel to be measured based on the new first position and the new second position, and the measurement is repeated until the difference is less than or equal to the preset difference. The new first position and the new second position are then determined as the target position.

[0066] The above technical solution can realize real-time automatic monitoring of the tunnel under test, and improve measurement accuracy while ensuring low-cost installation of gyroscopes.

[0067] For example, after determining the target location, such as Figure 2 As shown, corresponding gyroscopes can be deployed within the tunnel under test according to the target points. Simultaneously, based on the positions of the deployed gyroscopes, the straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes can be considered as a single line, and the length data of each chord can be measured. The length data of each chord can be measured using equipment such as a total station. Furthermore, a gyroscope can be installed at both ends of each chord, allowing for the acquisition of attitude angle changes measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord, as well as the settlement chord length data of each chord after settlement occurs in the tunnel under test. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes 4 can be regarded as a chord 3, and multiple chords are included in the initial cross-sectional data 1 and the settlement cross-sectional data 2.

[0068] For example, when the tunnel under test settles, such as Figure 4 As shown, the gyroscopes 4 installed at both ends of each string can measure the attitude angle change data of the gyroscopes 4 after settling, as well as the settling chord length data of each string. Then, the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes 4 at both ends of each string can be calculated using the attitude angle change data, length data, and settling length data.

[0069] In a possible manner, determining the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string based on attitude angle transformation data, length data, and settlement length data includes:

[0070] A three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed with the center of the tunnel cross-section as the origin. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string in the vertical direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes in the vertical direction is calculated. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string in the x-axis direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes in the x-axis direction is calculated. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes at both ends of each string in the y-axis direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes in the vertical direction, the displacement data in the x-axis direction, and the displacement data in the y-axis direction, the relative sub-position coordinates of the gyroscopes are determined.

[0071] Based on the length data and settlement length data, the relative sub-position coordinates are corrected by chord length constraints to obtain the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord.

[0072] It should be understood that attitude angle transformation data includes attitude angle changes in the vertical direction, the x-axis direction, and the y-axis direction. Furthermore, by integrating these attitude angle changes separately, the gyroscope's displacement data in the vertical, x-axis, and y-axis directions can be obtained. Then, based on these displacement data, the gyroscope's relative sub-position coordinates can be calculated.

[0073] The relative position coordinates of the gyroscope can then be corrected by using the center angle corresponding to the chord length of each chord before settlement and the center angle corresponding to the chord length of each chord after settlement, thus obtaining the relative position coordinates of the gyroscope. Calculating the relative position coordinates of the gyroscope using this method improves the accuracy of the calculation, thereby improving the accuracy of the settlement cross-section data.

[0074] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, after obtaining the relative position coordinates, the settlement cross-section data can be determined based on the relative position coordinates. Then, based on the settlement cross-section data and the initial cross-section data, the crown settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured can be determined.

[0075] In one possible manner, determining the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord and the initial cross-section data 1 includes:

[0076] The settlement cross-sectional data of the tunnel under test are determined based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string.

[0077] Determine the first crown data in the initial cross-sectional data 1 of the tunnel to be tested and the second crown data in the settlement cross-sectional data. Subtract the value of the second crown data in the Z-axis direction from the value of the first crown data in the Z-axis direction to obtain the crown settlement data.

[0078] Determine the endpoint pair in the initial cross-sectional data 1, calculate the new position coordinates of the endpoint pair in the settlement cross-sectional data 2, and calculate the net clearance convergence data based on the new position coordinates. The endpoint pair includes a first endpoint and a second endpoint, and the first endpoint and the second endpoint are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the major axis of the initial cross-sectional data 1.

[0079] It should be understood that, based on the constructed coordinate system, the settlement cross-sectional data of the tunnel under test can be determined according to the relative position coordinates of each gyroscope. Then, based on the settlement cross-sectional data 2 and the initial cross-sectional data 1, the crown settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel under test after settlement can be calculated.

[0080] In actual processing, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the tunnel under test is elliptical, the straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes is regarded as a chord. After the tunnel under test settles, the relative position coordinates of each gyroscope in the coordinate system are calculated based on the attitude angle change data of the gyroscopes and the settlement chord length data of each chord. Then, the settlement cross-section diagram can be calculated based on the relative position coordinates of each gyroscope. Finally, the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data can be calculated based on the initial cross-section data 1 and the settlement cross-section data 2.

[0081] According to monitoring and measurement regulations, the settlement data of the arch can be absolute settlement, that is, settlement relative to a reference point. After excavation, the tunnel under test is first supported by steel arches and shotcrete. After support, tunnel deformation is monitored and measured. Secondary lining is then constructed after the deformation stabilizes; that is, the secondary lining is stable and can be used as a reference point. Figure 3As shown, the spacing between monitoring sections is fixed. The spacing between sections for Class V surrounding rock is 5m, and the spacing between sections for Class IV surrounding rock is 10m. The gyroscope can acquire the longitudinal angle change. Since the distance is fixed, the crown settlement data of each monitoring section relative to the secondary lining can be calculated using trigonometric functions.

[0082] The above technical solution eliminates the need for multiple devices during tunnel monitoring and measurement, thus reducing measurement costs. It directly calculates crown settlement data using relative displacement data at both ends of the chord, eliminating the need for images of the tunnel under test, thereby avoiding measurement errors, improving accuracy, avoiding limitations, and increasing environmental adaptability. It eliminates the need for manual measurement, enabling automated measurement and real-time monitoring. The monitored data is small in volume and of the same type, allowing for efficient analysis and calculation, thus improving measurement efficiency.

[0083] Based on the same concept, embodiments of the present invention also disclose a system for measuring tunnel deformation data, such as... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a tunnel deformation data measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 5 It includes multiple gyroscopes and a control module, with the input terminal of the control module connected to the output terminal of each gyroscope.

[0084] The gyroscope is used to measure the attitude angle change data of the gyroscopes at both ends of each chord in the cross-section of the tunnel under test after settlement occurs, as well as the settlement length data of each chord, and input the attitude angle change data and settlement length data into the control module.

[0085] The control module is used to determine the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string based on the attitude angle transformation data, length data, and settlement length data, and to determine the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes at both ends of each string and the initial cross-section data.

[0086] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the gyroscope can also transmit the collected angle change data to the control module via a wireless module. After receiving multiple angle change data, the control module can calculate the crown settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel under test after settlement occurs.

[0087] In some possible configurations, the measurement system further includes a display module, the input of which is connected to the output of the control module.

[0088] The display module is used to receive and display the arch settlement data and the clearance convergence data.

[0089] For example, the display module can be a display terminal that is visually accessible to relevant personnel. This display terminal can be set up on mobile phones, computers, tablets, etc. Figure 6 As shown, by setting up a display module to display the crown settlement data and clearance convergence data, relevant technical personnel can be alerted in real time whether the tunnel under test has settled. Based on this data, the tunnel under test can be inspected and repaired in a timely manner, ensuring the safety of the construction personnel of the tunnel under test.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring tunnel deformation data, characterized in that, include: Acquire the initial cross-sectional data (1) of the tunnel to be tested and the target points of the gyroscopes (4) deployed in the initial cross-section of the tunnel to be tested. The target points are obtained by simulating the deformation data under the action of ground stress through the simulation model of the tunnel to be tested. Based on the target points, the gyroscopes (4) are deployed in the initial cross-section of the tunnel to be tested. The straight line connecting two adjacent gyroscopes (4) is regarded as a chord, and the length data of the chord is determined. After the tunnel under test settles, the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string and the settlement length data of each line are obtained. Based on the attitude angle change data, length data and settlement length data, the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string are determined. Based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string and the initial cross-section data (1), the crown settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured are determined.

2. The method for measuring tunnel deformation data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string based on attitude angle transformation data, length data, and settlement length data includes: A three-dimensional coordinate system with the center of the tunnel section as the origin is constructed. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string in the vertical direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes (4) in the vertical direction is calculated. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string in the x-axis direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes (4) in the x-axis direction is calculated. Based on the attitude angle change data measured by the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string in the y-axis direction, the displacement data of the gyroscopes (4) in the y-axis direction is calculated. Based on the displacement data of the gyroscopes (4) in the vertical direction, the displacement data in the x-axis direction, and the displacement data in the y-axis direction, the relative sub-position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) are determined. Based on the length data and settlement length data, the relative sub-position coordinates are corrected by the chord length constraint to obtain the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each chord.

3. The method for measuring tunnel deformation data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each chord and the initial cross-sectional data (1) includes: The settlement cross-sectional data (2) of the tunnel to be tested are determined based on the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string. Determine the first arch data in the initial cross section data (1) of the tunnel to be tested and the second arch data in the settlement cross section data (2). Subtract the value of the second arch data in the Z-axis direction from the value of the first arch data in the Z-axis direction to obtain the arch settlement data. Determine the endpoint pair in the initial cross-sectional data (1), calculate the new position coordinates of the endpoint pair in the settlement cross-sectional data (2), and calculate the net clearance convergence data based on the new position coordinates. The endpoint pair includes a first endpoint and a second endpoint, and the first endpoint and the second endpoint are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the long axis of the initial cross-sectional data (1).

4. The method for measuring tunnel deformation data according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The target location was obtained through the following method: Obtain geological survey data parameters and tunnel support structure parameters of the tunnel to be tested; Based on the parameters of geological survey data and tunnel support structure, a simulation model of the tunnel to be tested is constructed, and the deformation process of the tunnel under the action of ground stress is simulated in the simulation model to determine the target area where the tunnel cross section deforms in the simulation model. The points with concentrated deformation within the target area and the points with deformation gradients exceeding a preset threshold are identified as target points.

5. The method for measuring tunnel deformation data according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the points with concentrated deformation within the target area and the points with deformation gradients exceeding a preset threshold as target points includes: Identify the first point of concentrated deformation within the target area and the second point where the deformation gradient exceeds a preset threshold; The gyroscope (4) is set up in the cross section of the tunnel to be measured according to the first point and the second point, and the first cross section data of the tunnel to be measured by the gyroscope (4) and the second cross section data of the tunnel to be measured by the total station are obtained. Calculate the difference between the first cross-section data and the second cross-section data. When the difference is greater than the preset difference, determine the new first point and the new second point based on the difference. Place the gyroscope (4) into the cross-section of the tunnel to be measured according to the new first point and the new second point. Obtain the new first cross-section data of the tunnel to be measured by the gyroscope (4) and the new second cross-section data of the tunnel to be measured by the total station. Calculate the new difference between the new first cross-section data and the new second cross-section data. When the new difference is less than or equal to the preset difference, determine the new first point and the new second point as the target point.

6. A system for measuring tunnel deformation data, characterized in that, It includes multiple gyroscopes (4) and a control module, with the input of the control module connected to the output of each gyroscope (4); The gyroscope (4) is used to measure the attitude angle change data of the gyroscope (4) at both ends of each chord in the cross section of the tunnel under test after the tunnel under test settles, as well as the settlement length data of each chord, and input the attitude angle change data and settlement length data into the control module. The control module is used to determine the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string according to the attitude angle transformation data, length data and settlement length data, and to determine the arch settlement data and clearance convergence data of the tunnel section to be measured according to the relative position coordinates of the gyroscopes (4) at both ends of each string and the initial cross-section data (1).

7. The tunnel deformation data measurement system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measurement system also includes a display module, the input of which is connected to the output of the control module; The display module is used to receive and display the arch settlement data and the clearance convergence data.

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