Cross-pollination for decentralized and scalable receiver feedback

Abstract

This application provides for cross-pollination of decentralized and scalable receiver feedback. Embodiments herein relate to techniques by which a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) source can identify feedback related to a Bluetooth LE broadcast. The feedback can be provided by a helper device that is communicatively coupled with the receiver. The feedback can be based on measurements performed by the helper device and / or the receiver. Based on the feedback, the Bluetooth LE source can change one or more parameters of future Bluetooth LE broadcasts. Other embodiments can be described and / or claimed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to cross-transmission of receiver feedback for decentralized and scalable purposes. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) audio broadcasting (often referred to as "Auracast") designs and specifications may not take into account feedback from the receiver (this is often the case with many broadcast protocols due to the challenges associated with acknowledgment (ACK) feedback (often referred to as the ACK implosion challenge)). Instead, techniques such as retransmitting each packet (up to n times, which can be configured by the Instantaneous Repetition Count (IRC) parameter) can be employed.

[0003] Therefore, Auracast broadcast sources (e.g., personal computers (PCs) and / or some other type of broadcast source) may not have a full understanding of the receiver's condition, such as channel quality, packet error rate (PER), etc., and thus may not be able to adjust transmission-related parameters. This could lead to conservative, non-optimal, or inappropriate transmission parameters being used. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this document provide an electronic device including: a memory for storing Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmissions from a broadcast transmitter; and one or more processors configured to: identify one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the Bluetooth LE transmissions; and encode one or more indications of the one or more measurements for transmission to the broadcast transmitter, wherein the one or more indications will cause the broadcast transmitter to adjust transmission parameters for subsequent Bluetooth LE transmissions.

[0005] In a second aspect, embodiments of this document provide an electronic device including: one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, will cause the electronic device to: broadcast a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission; identify from a second electronic device one or more indications of one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; adjust one or more transmission parameters related to the first Bluetooth LE transmission based on the one or more indications; and broadcast a second Bluetooth LE transmission based on the adjusted one or more transmission parameters.

[0006] In a third aspect, embodiments of this document provide one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (NTCRMs) including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, will cause the electronic device to: identify a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission from a broadcast transmitter, the first Bluetooth LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters with a first value; identify one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; provide one or more indications of one or more measurements to a second electronic device communicatively coupled to the broadcast transmitter; and, based on the one or more measurements, identify a second Bluetooth LE transmission from the broadcast transmitter, the second Bluetooth LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters with a second value different from the first value. Attached Figure Description

[0007] The embodiments will be readily understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For ease of description, the same reference numerals denote the same structural elements. The embodiments are shown by way of example, but are not limited to the illustrations in the drawings.

[0008] Figure 1 Example feedback techniques according to various embodiments are shown.

[0009] Figure 2 Example wireless topologies according to various embodiments are shown.

[0010] Figure 3 Example signaling protocol use cases according to various embodiments are shown.

[0011] Figure 4 Example use cases related to hash algorithms are shown according to various embodiments.

[0012] Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c (collectively referred to as "Figure 5") illustrate example wireless feedback techniques according to various embodiments.

[0013] Figure 6 Example wireless feedback techniques according to various embodiments are illustrated.

[0014] Figure 7 Example wireless feedback techniques according to various embodiments are illustrated.

[0015] Figure 8 Example wireless feedback techniques according to various embodiments are illustrated.

[0016] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating components of a wireless or electronic device according to various embodiments.

[0017] Figure 10 Example techniques according to embodiments of this document are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 11 Alternative example techniques according to embodiments of this document are shown.

[0019] Figure 12 Alternative example techniques according to embodiments of this document are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following detailed description is with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals may be used to identify the same or similar elements in different drawings. In the following description, specific details, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, technologies, etc., are set forth for purposes of explanation and not limitation in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand that various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples departing from these specific details. In some cases, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods have been omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of this document, the phrase "A or B" means (A), (B), or (A and B).

[0021] As previously mentioned, an Auracast broadcast source may not have a comprehensive understanding of the receiver's status and therefore may be unable to adjust / optimize transmission-related parameters. Some of the embodiments below enable an Auracast receiver to send stream quality feedback to the Auracast source via an Auracast Assistant, allowing the Auracast source to gain a comprehensive understanding of the stream reception at the Auracast receiver and take appropriate corrective actions by modulating various stream parameters (such as IRC, physical layer (PHY) modulation, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) timing intervals, etc.). It will be appreciated that the concepts described herein are specific to Auracast, but this description is intended as a non-limiting discussion. Other embodiments may include or relate to implementations in other wired and / or wireless networks.

[0022] Implementations may include or relate to one or more of the following concepts or aspects for establishing a scalable control plane for Auracast receiver feedback: Wi-Fi as a control plane: This technology can involve broadcasting and / or using an Auracast assistant (e.g., a Wi-Fi-enabled smartphone or cellular smartphone, or certain other types of Wi-Fi or cellular-enabled devices) configured to send receiver feedback to an Auracast source. Two example embodiments are outlined below: Wi-Fi beacon transmission Broadcast and / or Auracast Assistant can be configured to deliver feedback via Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) beacons. This technology can be implemented, for example, in a device configured for concurrent Wi-Fi Station (STA) and AP mode operation. Therefore, the device can be configured to send Wi-Fi AP beacons in STA and / or Wi-Fi Client modes. The Wi-Fi beacons containing streaming feedback from the Auracast Assistant can be periodically scanned by the Auracast source.

[0023] Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over Wi-Fi The broadcast assistant relays feedback to the TCP or UDP server running at the source or in the cloud.

[0024] Bluetooth as a control plane: This technology can involve using Bluetooth as a control plane in a manner that does not conflict with Bluetooth Auracast streaming traffic. Example embodiments where broadcasts and / or Auracast assistants are configured to send feedback data may include: Decentralized hashing A technology may include or involve a decentralized, zero-deployment-based technology that enables receiver registration and feedback through a fusion of Universal Hashing and Bluetooth Periodic Advertising with Response (PAwR). In some cases, the technology may also include standards available to address hash collisions.

[0025] Asynchronous feedback Another technique may include or involve asynchronous feedback from the receiver via a Bluetooth announcement beacon with an announcement interval inversely proportional to the receiver’s channel quality.

[0026] Figure 1 This disclosure provides a high-level description of an example of providing Auracast feedback using a control plane, such as a Bluetooth and / or Wi-Fi control plane, which will be explained in more detail.

[0027] LE audio broadcast and no receiver feedback Auracast is expected to transform the Bluetooth audio user experience (UX) for a wide range of use cases and applications. Example Auracast applications may include one or more of the following: seamless audio sharing in home and enterprise environments; targeted announcements and notifications in public places (airports, train stations, hotels, retail stores, etc.); personalized audio streaming, such as speech-based audio streaming, in auditoriums, theaters, etc.; and so on.

[0028] However, as mentioned earlier, traditional Auracast implementations and / or specifications may not include a feedback scheme for the receiver to deliver stream quality feedback, which may lead to suboptimal bandwidth usage.

[0029] The embodiments described herein relate to techniques for addressing receiver feedback issues in Auracast, and can utilize one or both of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi as the control plane for feedback. The techniques described herein can leverage the unique Auracast topology and Bluetooth / Wi-Fi channel characteristics (e.g., single-hop, time-slotted transmit / receive (Tx / Rx), etc.) to achieve scalable and decentralized receiver feedback in Auracast.

[0030] Auracast Topology and Concepts A sample Auracast topology can include the following three components: Auracast source: The broadcaster and source of the stream. An Auracast source can be, for example, a personal computer (PC), a laptop, a server, and / or some other type of source.

[0031] Auracast Receiver: An Auracast receiver can be a consumer of an Auracast stream broadcast from an Auracast source. Examples of such receivers include Bluetooth headsets, Bluetooth earbuds, etc. Generally, an Auracast receiver can reproduce the audio stream for the user (e.g., through one or more speakers and / or some other type of audio output).

[0032] An Auracast Assistant (also known as a "broadcast assistant") is an electronic device that acts as an intermediary between an Auracast receiver and an Auracast source. The Auracast Assistant helps the Auracast receiver scan, select, and / or join streams output by the Auracast source. The Auracast Assistant can be, for example, a smartphone, tablet, personal digital assistant (PDA), and / or some other type of electronic device connected to the Auracast receiver, and therefore can present a user interface through which the user can browse and / or select Auracast streams. Generally, according to the embodiments described herein, the Auracast Assistant may be responsible for providing feedback to the Auracast source regarding the Auracast stream.

[0033] Figure 2 Examples of Auracast topologies according to various embodiments are depicted.

[0034] Auracast Assistant As previously mentioned, the Auracast Assistant can be co-located with the Auracast Receiver and can accurately assess channel conditions. It will be understood that "co-location" can be within a typically specified Bluetooth-related margin, such as a radius of a few meters, although the specific distance may depend on factors such as the presence of one or more materials (e.g., doors, walls, people, etc.) between the assistant and receiver, and between the assistant and the source; the specific power specifications of the source, assistant, and / or receiver; the specific materials or components used in the electronic device, etc. However, in some embodiments, the Auracast Assistant and Auracast Receiver may be located in or on the same electronic device (e.g., a smartphone with one or more direct audio outputs, such as a wired headphone port, car speaker, etc.). Typically, streaming quality feedback can be transmitted from the Auracast Assistant to the Auracast source by the Auracast Assistant rather than the Auracast Receiver. Unlike the Auracast Receiver, which may have lower transmit power capabilities and / or other limitations, the Auracast Assistant may be better suited to transmitting streaming quality feedback.

[0035] As an example of channel condition assessment and feedback performed by the Auracast Assistant, it can be recognized that an Auracast source can transmit one or more Bluetooth advertisement beacons containing Auracast stream element information, as described elsewhere herein. The Auracast Assistant can be able to identify and process said beacons and perform one or more measurements based on said beacons. Such measurements may include, for example, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), Packet Drop, PER, and / or some other measurements. Since the Auracast Assistant and Auracast Receiver can be juxtaposed, it can be recognized that channel conditions assessed at the Auracast Assistant can also be applied to the Auracast Receiver.

[0036] Alternatively, the Auracast receiver can be configured to perform one or more of the measurements described above. The Auracast receiver can transmit (e.g., via a low duty cycle link, such as a Bluetooth link) one or more indications of the measurements described above to the Auracast assistant. In embodiments, because the Auracast assistant is in proximity to the Auracast receiver, the Auracast receiver can send feedback to the Auracast assistant with relatively low transmit (Tx) power, resulting in less power overhead compared to sending feedback directly from the Auracast receiver to the Auracast source. The Auracast assistant can then send the feedback to the Auracast source. It will be understood that in various embodiments, the two options described above can be used individually or in combination with each other.

[0037] Example of a decentralized Auracast feedback scheme The solution presented in this paper enables the Auracast receiver to send stream quality feedback to the Auracast source (Intel PC), allowing the Auracast source to gain a comprehensive understanding of the stream reception at the receiver and take appropriate corrective actions based on the modulated stream parameters (IRC, PHY modulation, ISO interval).

[0038] As previously described, the embodiments described herein can allow for the establishment of a scalable control plane for Auracast receiver feedback. In these embodiments, the Auracast source can receive receiver feedback via an Auracast assistant to modulate broadcast stream parameters, which can result in reduced talk time and improved latency and power consumption at the Auracast receiver. Examples of such parameters may include IRC, number of bursts (BN), number of subevents (NSE), PHY parameters (e.g., 1 megasymbols per second (1M) operation, 2 megasymbols per second (2M) operation, coded PHY operation, etc.), parameters related to ISO intervals, and so on.

[0039] In a non-limiting example, if all Auracast receivers are experiencing excellent stream quality, as can be measured using parameters such as PER and RSSI, then the Auracast source can reduce the IRC parameter of the broadcast stream from 4 to 2. This reduction can result in savings in call time / bandwidth, reduced rendering latency at the receiver, lower transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) power requirements, and so on.

[0040] In another non-limiting example, the Auracast source can be configured to modulate the Tx power based on feedback from the Auracast receiver. This modulation can be based on parameters such as RSSI estimation, Bluetooth channel sensing, etc. In some embodiments, the modulation can be based on the lowest received feedback value. For example, if multiple Auracast receivers provide feedback, the value received from the Auracast receiver physically furthest from the Auracast source, or from an Auracast receiver with numerous physical elements (e.g., walls, etc.) placed between the Auracast source and the Auracast receiver, can provide the lowest feedback value for RSSI, channel sensing, and / or some other element. The Auracast transmit (Tx) power can be modulated accordingly to ensure that such an Auracast receiver has an acceptable receive (Rx) value.

[0041] Example aspects of this disclosure Table 2 presents various exemplary aspects of the embodiments described in this paper: Table 2—Examples of various aspects of this disclosure Bluetooth as a control plane Some example aspects that can be applied to using Bluetooth as a control plane may include: Protocol overhead and complexity Auracast source background Bluetooth LE scanning and / or Bluetooth PAwR activity may not result in signaling / power overhead, especially when the Auracast source has two Bluetooth antenna chains and one chain is reserved for Bluetooth LE scanning (e.g., for Bluetooth announcements). In some embodiments, the Auracast stream broadcast key may be used to encrypt feedback transmissions. Alternatively, BT PAwR may provide native support for announcement payload encryption.

[0042] Slot-based synchronous Auracast feedback One embodiment may utilize Bluetooth PAwR, which can facilitate or allow synchronization feedback slots for a set of nodes. However, the mapping from receiver to feedback slots may not be specified and may depend on the vendor.

[0043] To address the time slot allocation issue, as described in more detail below, a generic hash can be applied to Bluetooth PAwR, which provides a decentralized, zero-deployment solution for the Auracast Assistant to achieve distributed consensus on feedback time slot allocation and / or hash collisions.

[0044] Bluetooth PAWR Overview Bluetooth PAwR enables a group of receivers to send feedback to the announcer in their respective feedback slots. There can be up to 128 Bluetooth PAwR sub-events, each containing up to 255 response slots. This configuration can be used for Auracast feedback. However, the mapping from Auracast receivers to feedback slots may not be specified and may be vendor-dependent. Therefore, as part of vendor optimization, optimized and decentralized mapping schemes can be utilized and deployed. As previously mentioned, embodiments of this document may involve combining a generic hash and / or a modified version of a generic hash with Bluetooth PAwR for slotted receiver feedback.

[0045] Figure 3 An example description of the Bluetooth PAwR is provided.

[0046] General Hash Overview Traditional hashing using a single hash function may lead to hash collisions. To avoid hash collisions, a universal hash can be used, where a set H = {h1, h2, ..., h...} is randomly selected to hash a given key. n One of the hash functions in} is h i This can reduce the hash collision probability to 1 / m, where all key values ​​are hashed to the set {1,2,3,…m}. In the embodiments described herein, there may be up to 255 response slots available for each Bluetooth PAwR sub-event. Therefore, the hash collision probability could be 1 / 255 or 0.00392.

[0047] Combining Bluetooth PAwR and Universal Hash for Decentralized Auracast Feedback As previously mentioned, Bluetooth PAwR and universal hashes can be combined with extensions applied to conflict handling to form a decentralized scheme that enables Auracast Assistants to autonomously register for Bluetooth PAwR sub-event response slots in a distributed manner. For scenarios involving many Auracast receivers, this implementation may be desirable. Example operations are described in Table 3 below, and... Figure 4 This is further explained below. Figure 5 shows an example embodiment involving the use of Bluetooth PAwR and Universal Hash.

[0048] Table 3: Examples of Hash Applications in Bluetooth PAWR Asynchronous Auracast feedback via Bluetooth LE announcement beacon In embodiments related to asynchronous feedback, the Auracast Assistant sends asynchronous feedback to the Auracast source via Bluetooth announcement beacons. Feedback can be sent asynchronously as needed, without requiring synchronization time slots. This contrasts with embodiments related to, for example, Bluetooth PAwR. Therefore, to modulate the priority of updates proportionally (rather than inversely) to the perceived stream quality, the Auracast Assistant can select an announcement interval inversely proportional to the localized channel quality; that is, a receiver experiencing good quality can choose a larger announcement interval, while a receiver experiencing poor quality can choose a smaller announcement interval (which can be more frequent). In some embodiments, random backoff can be additionally / alternatively implemented. Figure 6 An example of this embodiment is shown in the figure.

[0049] Using Wi-Fi as the control plane As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, Wi-Fi can additionally / alternatively be used as a control plane for transmitting feedback to the Auracast source. Such embodiments may include one or more of the following aspects: Several prominent aspects common to both proposals are listed below: Wi-Fi beacons or data can be transmitted at the PHY layer or using PHY signaling orthogonal to the Bluetooth PHY.

[0050] Wi-Fi transmission can be performed in the ~5 or 6 GHz band, while Bluetooth transmission can be performed in the ~2.4 GHz band (and vice versa).

[0051] –Auracast broadcast stream keys can be used to encrypt the payload and / or TCP / UDP data of Wi-Fi beacons.

[0052] Auracast feedback via Wi-Fi beacon In this embodiment, the Wi-Fi capabilities of the Auracast Assistant can be utilized to establish a Wi-Fi control plane orthogonal to the Bluetooth PHY used for the Auracast stream. As described above, the Auracast Assistant can be configured to asynchronously transmit its feedback data via Wi-Fi beacons as needed. It will be noted that the Wi-Fi beacons may need to be transmitted by the Auracast Assistant operating in Wi-Fi AP mode. Therefore, in some embodiments, the Auracast Assistant can be configured to support concurrent operation in both Station (STA) and AP modes, enabling the Auracast Assistant to transmit Wi-Fi beacons in Wi-Fi-connected STA mode. In some embodiments, the Auracast source can periodically initiate Wi-Fi scanning or background Wi-Fi scanning to read Wi-Fi beacons containing stream feedback data from the Auracast Assistant. Figure 7 An example of this operation is shown in the figure.

[0053] Auracast feedback via TCP / UDP (via Wi-Fi) This example could involve using the Wi-Fi capabilities of the Auracast Assistant to establish a Wi-Fi control plane, in which feedback data is transmitted via TCP / UDP to a server running on the Auracast source or in the cloud.

[0054] For example, in some embodiments, feedback can be sent to a UDP server running on or within an Auracast source. This feedback can be sent using best-effort methods.

[0055] Alternatively, feedback can be sent to a TCP server hosted in the cloud. This approach offers various advantages, such as offloading server processing from the Auracast repository to the cloud, allowing the Auracast repository to periodically read curated update summaries from the cloud server. Another advantage is that cloud infrastructure can be abstracted in terms of scalability, latency, and availability through cloud provider interfaces.

[0056] This embodiment can differ from the previously described Wi-Fi control plane method because the Auracast assistant may not need to emit Wi-Fi AP beacons. Furthermore, the Auracast source may not need to initiate periodic or background Wi-Fi scanning. Figure 8 An example of this embodiment is depicted in the document.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating components capable of reading instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and performing any one or more methods discussed herein, according to some example embodiments. Specifically, Figure 9 The illustration shows hardware resource 900, which includes one or more processors (or processor cores) 910, one or more memory / storage devices 920, and one or more communication resources 930, each of which can be communicatively coupled via bus 940 or other interface circuitry. In embodiments utilizing node virtualization (e.g., NFV), a hypervisor 902 can be executed to provide an execution environment utilizing hardware resource 900 for one or more network slices / subslices. The depicted hardware resource 900 may be or implement an electronic device (such as the aforementioned Auracast source, assistant, and / or receiver) or is part of an electronic device.

[0058] Processor 910 may include, for example, processor 912 and processor 914. Processor 910 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those discussed herein), or any suitable combination thereof.

[0059] The memory / storage device 920 may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory / storage device 920 may include, but is not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state storage devices, etc.

[0060] Communication resource 930 may include an interconnect or network interface controller, component, or other suitable device for communicating with one or more peripheral devices 904 or one or more databases 906 or other network elements via network 908. For example, communication resource 930 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via USB, Ethernet, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components.

[0061] Instructions 950 may include software, programs, applications, applets, application programs, or other executable code for causing any processor in at least processor 910 to perform one or more of the methods discussed herein. Instructions 950 may reside wholly or partially in at least one of: processor 910 (e.g., within the processor's cache), memory / storage device 920, or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of instructions 950 may be transferred from any combination of peripheral device 904 or database 906 to hardware resource 900. Thus, the memory of processor 910, memory / storage device 920, peripheral device 904, and database 906 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media.

[0062] Example process In some embodiments, Figure 1-9 Or any of the other diagrams herein may be configured to perform one or more electronic devices, networks, systems, chips, or components, or portions thereof, or implementations thereof, that are described herein. Figure 10 It is depicted in the middle.

[0063] Figure 10 The process may include or involve a method performed by an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device may be an Auracast assistant. The process may include: at 1005, identifying a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission from a broadcast transmitter; at 1010, identifying one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the Bluetooth LE transmission; and at 1015, providing one or more indications of one or more measurements to the broadcast transmitter, wherein the one or more indications will cause the broadcast transmitter to adjust the transmission parameters of subsequent Bluetooth LE transmissions.

[0064] Another such process is Figure 11 It is depicted in the middle. Figure 11 The process may include or involve a method performed by an electronic device. The electronic device may be, for example, an Auracast broadcast source. The process may include: at 1105, broadcasting a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission; at 1110, identifying from a second electronic device one or more indications of one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; at 1115, adjusting one or more transmission parameters related to the first Bluetooth LE transmission based on the one or more indications; and at 1120, broadcasting a second Bluetooth LE transmission based on the adjusted one or more transmission parameters.

[0065] Another such process is Figure 12 It is depicted in the middle. Figure 12 The process may include or involve a method performed by an electronic device. The electronic device may be, for example, an Auracast receiver. The process may include: at 1205, identifying a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission from a broadcast transmitter, the first Bluetooth LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters with a first value; at 1210, identifying one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; at 1215, providing one or more indications of the one or more measurements to a second electronic device communicatively coupled to the broadcast transmitter; and at 1220, based on the one or more measurements, identifying a second Bluetooth LE transmission from the broadcast transmitter, the second Bluetooth LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters with a second value different from the first value.

[0066] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components illustrated in the foregoing one or more figures can be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as described in the Examples section below. For example, the baseband circuitry described above in conjunction with the foregoing one or more figures can be configured to operate according to one or more examples described below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. (e.g., as described above in conjunction with one or more figures) can be configured to operate according to one or more examples described in the Examples section below.

[0067] Example Example 1 may include or involve a Bluetooth source configured to: receive feedback related to an audio Bluetooth stream transmitted by the Bluetooth source; and change parameters of the audio Bluetooth stream based on the feedback.

[0068] Example 2 may include the subject of Example 1 and / or some other examples in this document, where the Bluetooth source is an Auracast source.

[0069] Example 3 may include the subject of any of Examples 1-2 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein the feedback is transmitted via a Wi-Fi control plane.

[0070] Example 4 may include the subject of any of Examples 1-3 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein the feedback is transmitted via a Bluetooth control plane.

[0071] Example 5 may include the subject of any of Examples 1-4 and / or some other examples in this document, where the feedback is received from an intermediate device that is different from the receiver of the audio Bluetooth stream.

[0072] Example 6 may include the subject of Example 5 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein the feedback is based on one or more measurements performed by the receiver of the audio Bluetooth stream.

[0073] Example 7 may include the subject of any of Examples 1-6 and / or some other examples in this document, where the parameters relate to the instantaneous repeat count (IRC) of the Bluetooth audio stream.

[0074] Example 8 may include the subject of any of Examples 1-7 and / or some other examples in this document, where the parameters relate to the physical layer (PHY) parameters of the Bluetooth audio stream.

[0075] Example 9 may include the subject of any of Examples 1-8 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein the parameters relate to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) timing intervals for Bluetooth audio streaming.

[0076] Example 10 may include a method performed by an electronic device, wherein the method includes: identifying a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission from a broadcast transmitter; identifying one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the Bluetooth LE transmission; and providing one or more indications of the one or more measurements to the broadcast transmitter, wherein the one or more indications will cause the broadcast transmitter to adjust the transmission parameters of subsequent Bluetooth LE transmissions.

[0077] Example 11 may include the methods of Example 10 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more measurements are performed by an electronic device.

[0078] Example 12 may include methods of any one or more of Examples 10-11 and / or some other examples herein, wherein one or more measurements are performed by a second electronic device wirelessly coupled to the electronic device, and wherein values ​​associated with one or more measurements are received by the electronic device from the second electronic device.

[0079] Example 13 may include one or more of the methods in Examples 10-12 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Wi-Fi control plane.

[0080] Example 14 may include the methods of Example 13 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more indications are provided to the broadcast transmitter via one or more Wi-Fi access point (AP) beacons.

[0081] Example 15 may include the methods of Example 13 and / or some other examples herein, wherein one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via transmission to a server communicatively coupled to the electronic device and the broadcast transmitter.

[0082] Example 16 may include one or more of the methods in Examples 10-15 and / or some of the other examples in this document, wherein one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Bluetooth control plane.

[0083] Example 17 may include the methods of Example 16 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein the method further includes: registering with a Bluetooth transmitter based on a generic hash and a Bluetooth Periodic Advertisement Response (PAwR) with a response.

[0084] Example 18 may include the methods of Example 16 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more indications are provided to the broadcast transmitter via one or more Bluetooth announcement beacons.

[0085] Example 19 may include the methods of any one or more of Examples 10-18 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein Bluetooth LE broadcast is Auracast broadcast.

[0086] Example 20 may include a method performed by an electronic device, wherein the method includes: broadcasting a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission; identifying from a second electronic device one or more indications of one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; adjusting one or more transmission parameters related to the first Bluetooth LE transmission based on the one or more indications; and broadcasting a second Bluetooth LE transmission based on the adjusted one or more transmission parameters.

[0087] Example 21 may include the methods of Example 20 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more measurements are performed by a second electronic device.

[0088] Example 22 may include methods of any one or more of Examples 20-21 and / or some other examples herein, wherein one or more measurements are performed by a third electronic device that is wirelessly coupled to and juxtaposed with a second electronic device.

[0089] Example 23 may include one or more of the methods in Examples 20-22 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Wi-Fi control plane.

[0090] Example 24 may include one or more of the methods in Examples 20-23 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Bluetooth control plane.

[0091] Example 25 may include a method performed by an electronic device, wherein the method includes: identifying a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission from a broadcast transmitter, the first Bluetooth Low Energy LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters using a first value; identifying one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; providing one or more indications of the one or more measurements to a second electronic device communicatively coupled to the broadcast transmitter; and based on the one or more measurements, identifying a second Bluetooth LE transmission from the broadcast transmitter, the second Bluetooth LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters using a second value different from the first value.

[0092] Example 26 may include the methods of Example 25 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein the transmission parameters are related to physical layer (PHY) modulation, timing interval, or instantaneous repetition count (IRC).

[0093] Example 27 may include one or more of the methods in Examples 25-26 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein one or more measurements relate to Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference-to-Noise Ratio (SINR), Packet Drop, or Packet Error Rate (PER).

[0094] Example 28 may include the methods of any one or more of Examples 25-27 and / or some other examples in this document, wherein Bluetooth LE broadcast is Auracast broadcast.

[0095] Example 29 may include the methods of any one or more of Examples 25-28 and / or some other examples herein, wherein a second electronic device provides one or more indications of one or more measurements to a broadcast transmitter via a Wi-Fi control plane or a Bluetooth control plane.

[0096] Example 30 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing one or more elements of the method described or associated with any of Examples 1-29 or any other method or process described herein.

[0097] Example 31 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform one or more elements of the method described or associated with any of Examples 1-29 or any other method or process described herein.

[0098] Example 32 may include an apparatus comprising logic, a module, or a circuitry comprising one or more elements for performing the methods described or associated with any of Examples 1-29 or any other methods or processes described herein.

[0099] Example 33 may include any of the methods, techniques, or processes or portions thereof described or associated with any of Examples 1-29.

[0100] Example 34 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process or part thereof described or associated with any of Examples 1-29.

[0101] Example 35 may include a signal or part thereof described or associated with any of Examples 1-29.

[0102] Example 36 may include a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message or a portion thereof as described or related to any of Examples 1-29 or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0103] Example 37 may include a signal or portion thereof encoded with data described or associated with any of Examples 1-29 or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0104] Example 38 may include a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message-coded signal or portion thereof described or associated with any of Examples 1-29 or otherwise described in this disclosure.

[0105] Example 39 may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process or part thereof described or associated with any of Examples 1-29.

[0106] Example 40 may include a computer program, including instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element causes the processing element to perform a method, technique, or process or part thereof described or associated with any of Examples 1-29.

[0107] Example 41 may include signals in wireless networks as shown and described herein.

[0108] Example 42 may include communication methods in wireless networks as shown and described herein.

[0109] Example 43 may include systems for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0110] Example 44 may include devices for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0111] Unless otherwise expressly stated, any of the above examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples). The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in accordance with the foregoing teachings, or may be obtained from practice with various embodiments.

[0112] the term For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein.

[0113] As used herein, the term "circuit" refers to a hardware component configured to provide the described functionality, or a portion thereof, or includes such a hardware component. Hardware components include electronic circuits, logic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated, or grouped), and / or memories (shared, dedicated, or grouped), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable devices (FPDs) (e.g., field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex PLDs (CPLDs), high-capacity PLDs (HCPLDs), structured ASICs, or programmable SoCs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and the like. In some embodiments, the circuit may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionalities. The term "circuit" may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or combinations of circuits used in electrical or electronic systems) and program code used to perform the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuit.

[0114] As used herein, the term "processor circuit" refers to a circuit, a portion thereof, or including such circuitry, capable of sequentially and automatically performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations or recording, storing, and / or transmitting digital data. The term "processor circuit" can refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, a physical central processing unit (CPU), a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, and / or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, and / or functional procedures). The terms "application circuit" and / or "baseband circuit" may be considered synonymous with "processor circuit" and may also be referred to as "processor circuit."

[0115] As used in this article, the term "interface circuit" refers to circuitry, a portion thereof, or including such circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term "interface circuitry" can refer to one or more hardware interfaces, such as buses, I / O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, and so on.

[0116] As used herein, the term "User Equipment" or "UE" refers to equipment with radio communication capabilities and can describe a remote user of network resources in a communication network. The term "User Equipment" or "UE" can be considered synonymous with and referred to as client, mobile device, mobile unit, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term "User Equipment" or "UE" can include any type of wireless / wired equipment or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface.

[0117] As used in this document, the term "network element" refers to physical or virtualized equipment and / or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term "network element" can be considered synonymous with and / or referred to as these, including networked computers, network hardware, network equipment, network nodes, routers, switches, hubs, bridges, radio network controllers, RAN equipment, RAN nodes, gateways, servers, virtualized virtual networks (VNFs), NFVIs, etc.

[0118] As used herein, the term "computer system" means any type of interconnected electronic device, computer device, or component thereof. Furthermore, the terms "computer system" and / or "system" can refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled to each other. Additionally, the terms "computer system" and / or "system" can refer to multiple computer devices and / or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled to each other and configured to share computing and / or network resources.

[0119] As used herein, the terms “device,” “computer device,” etc., refer to a computer device or computer system having program code (e.g., software or firmware) specifically designed to provide particular computing resources. A “virtual device” is a virtual machine image to be implemented by a device equipped with a hypervisor, which virtualizes or emulates a computer device or otherwise is dedicated to providing particular computing resources.

[0120] As used herein, the term "resource" refers to physical or virtual devices, physical or virtual components in a computing environment, and / or physical and virtual components in a specific device, such as computer equipment, mechanical equipment, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU usage, processor and accelerator load, hardware time or usage, power, input / output operations, port or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage devices, networks, databases and applications, workload units, etc. "Hardware resource" can refer to computing, storage, and / or network resources provided by one or more physical hardware components. "Virtualization resource" can refer to computing, storage, and / or network resources provided by a virtualization infrastructure to applications, devices, systems, etc. The terms "network resource" or "communication resource" can refer to resources that a computer device / system can access via a communication network. The term "system resource" can refer to any type of shared entity providing services and can include computing and / or network resources. System resources can be viewed as a set of coherent functions, network data objects, or services that can be accessed through a server, where these system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and can be clearly identified.

[0121] As used herein, the term "channel" refers to any tangible or intangible transmission medium used for transmitting data or data streams. The term "channel" may be synonymous or equivalent with "communication channel," "data communication channel," "transmission channel," "data transmission channel," "access channel," "data access channel," "link," "data link," "carrier," "radio frequency carrier," and / or any other similar term representing a path or medium used for transmitting data. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "link" refers to a connection between two devices via a RAT for sending and receiving information.

[0122] The terms "instantiation" and "instance" used in this article refer to the creation of an instance. "Instance" also refers to a concrete object that appears, such as one that can occur during the execution of program code.

[0123] This document uses the terms “coupling,” “communication coupling,” and their derivatives. The term “coupling” can refer to two or more elements in direct physical or electrical contact with each other, or two or more elements in indirect contact but still interacting or cooperating with each other, and / or one or more other elements coupled or connected between the elements referred to as being coupled to each other. The term “direct coupling” can refer to two or more elements in direct contact with each other. The term “communication coupling” can refer to two or more elements being in contact with each other through communication means (including via wired or other interconnections, via wireless communication channels or links, etc.).

[0124] The term "information element" refers to a structural element that contains one or more fields. The term "field" refers to the individual content of an information element or a data element that contains that content.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: Memory for storing Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmissions from the broadcast transmitter; and One or more processors are configured as follows: Identify one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the Bluetooth LE transmission; and One or more indications of the one or more measurements are encoded for transmission to the broadcast transmitter, wherein the one or more indications will cause the broadcast transmitter to adjust the transmission parameters for subsequent Bluetooth LE transmissions.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more measurements are performed by the electronic device.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The one or more measurements are performed by a second electronic device wirelessly coupled to the electronic device, and the values ​​associated with the one or more measurements are received by the electronic device from the second electronic device.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Wi-Fi control plane.

5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via one or more Wi-Fi access point (AP) beacons.

6. The electronic device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via a transmission to a server communicatively coupled to the electronic device and the broadcast transmitter.

7. The electronic device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Bluetooth control plane.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, wherein, The one or more processors are also configured to register with the Bluetooth transmitter based on a generic hash and Bluetooth Periodic Advertisement with Response (PAWR).

9. The electronic device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via one or more Bluetooth announcement beacons.

10. The electronic device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, wherein, The Bluetooth LE broadcast is Auracast broadcast.

11. An electronic device, comprising: One or more processors; and One or more non-transitory computer-readable media, including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to: Broadcast first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission; Identify one or more indications from the second electronic device related to one or more measurements of the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; Based on the one or more instructions, adjust one or more transmission parameters related to the first Bluetooth LE transmission; as well as Based on one or more adjusted transmission parameters, a second Bluetooth LE transmission is broadcast.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, The one or more measurements are performed by the second electronic device.

13. The electronic device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The one or more measurements are performed by a third electronic device that is wirelessly coupled to and juxtaposed with the second electronic device.

14. The electronic device according to claim 11, 12, or 13, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Wi-Fi control plane.

15. The electronic device according to claim 11, 12, or 13, wherein, The one or more instructions are provided to the broadcast transmitter via the Bluetooth control plane.

16. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media (NTCRMs), including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to: Identify a first Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) transmission from a broadcast transmitter, the first Bluetooth LE transmission being transmitted using transmission parameters with a first value; Identify one or more measurements related to the channel quality of the first Bluetooth LE transmission; Provide one or more indications of the one or more measurements to a second electronic device that is communicatively coupled to the broadcast transmitter; as well as Based on the one or more measurements, a second Bluetooth LE transmission from the broadcast transmitter is identified, which is transmitted using the transmission parameters with a second value different from the first value.

17. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 16, wherein, The transmission parameters are related to physical layer (PHY) modulation, timing interval, or instantaneous repetition count (IRC).

18. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 16 or 17, wherein, The one or more measurements are related to Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Received Reference Signal Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference-to-Noise Ratio (SINR), Packet Drop, or Packet Error Rate (PER).

19. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 16, 17, or 18, wherein, The Bluetooth LE broadcast is Auracast broadcast.

20. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 16, 17, 18, or 19, wherein, The second electronic device will provide the one or more indications of the one or more measurements to the broadcast transmitter via a Wi-Fi control plane or a Bluetooth control plane.

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