A self short-circuit plug-in temperature-resistant electric detonator for oil and gas well

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells, relating to the field of cable-driven perforation in oil and gas wells. The invention includes a detonator body and a socket. The detonator body includes a metal shell, within which, from the rear end to the opening, a basic detonator, an ignition head, a control component, and a short-circuit connector are sequentially installed. The ignition head is electrically connected to and ignited by the control component and the basic detonator. The short-circuit connector includes a bayonet plug, within which are interconnected copper needles and conductive spring plates. The copper needles and conductive spring plates extend from both ends of the bayonet plug. The end of the conductive spring plate has an arched portion, the outer side of which contacts the metal shell. The socket includes a connector, which has interconnected conductive structures and a metal cage. The conductive structures extend from one end of the connector. This detonator can reliably achieve self-short-circuiting, exhibiting excellent operational safety and stability, and possesses good industrial applicability and market promotion value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable-driven perforation in oil and gas wells, and specifically to a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells. Background Technology

[0002] Cable-driven perforation is an operation in which a perforating gun is delivered to a predetermined formation in the well via a cable, and then an electric detonator is energized to detonate the detonating cord, detonating tube, and perforating projectile to penetrate the tubing, casing, and cement sheath, allowing oil and gas to enter the perforation hole.

[0003] Currently, high-temperature resistant electric detonators used in oil and gas wells are typically wired. Due to high-voltage electrostatic safety requirements, the detonator leads must be short-circuited at the factory. Furthermore, because the anti-static capability between detonator leads is stronger than that between leads and the casing, the short-circuited leads are usually short-circuited again to the detonator casing. During field use, operators un-short-circuit the detonator leads and connect them to the cable and grounding wire respectively, and connect the output end to the downstream charge. This not only results in low assembly efficiency but also poses a safety hazard of accidental detonation during wiring.

[0004] With the increasing demands for production safety in China's civil explosives industry, unmanned operation is now explicitly required for fire- and explosive-related production positions. However, traditional wired electric detonators suffer from long leads and a dispersed structure, making positioning, welding, and packaging difficult during automated production, and resulting in high costs for the research, development, and use of supporting automated equipment. At the same time, the automation transformation of oil and gas well perforation operations is also being gradually promoted. The manual assembly mode of traditional wired electric detonators can no longer meet the needs of unmanned assembly operations, becoming a key factor restricting the automation upgrade of oil and gas well perforation operations.

[0005] In the existing technology, some patents propose a technical solution to replace the detonator leads with self-short-circuit connectors. By cooperating with the socket and connector, short circuits are released and circuits are connected, which improves the automation adaptability to a certain extent. However, this technical solution still has obvious defects: it only achieves self-short circuit between detonator leads, but not between leads and the housing. It is not capable of resisting high voltage static electricity and stray current, and its safety throughout the entire life cycle is still lacking. The missile blades used have a complex structural design and are prone to jamming and poor contact during assembly.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provide a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells, so as to realize the automated production, packaging and assembly of high-temperature resistant electric detonators for oil and gas wells, and improve the safety of high-temperature resistant electric detonators for oil and gas wells throughout their entire life cycle.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] This invention provides a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells, which includes a detonator body and a socket.

[0010] The detonator body includes a metal shell, within which, from the rear end to the opening, are sequentially installed a basic detonator, an ignition head, a control assembly, and a short-circuit connector. The ignition head is electrically connected to and ignites the control assembly and the basic detonator.

[0011] The short-circuit connector includes a bayonet plug, within which are disposed interconnected copper pins and conductive spring plates. The copper pins and the conductive spring plates extend from both ends of the bayonet plug, and the end of the conductive spring plate has an arched portion, the outer side of which contacts the metal housing.

[0012] The socket includes a connector, which is provided with interconnected conductive structures and a metal cage, the conductive structures extending from one end of the connector.

[0013] When the detonator body is inserted into the socket, the conductive spring plate contacts and conducts electricity with the metal cage, and the arched part of the conductive spring plate remains in contact with the metal shell to maintain a self-short circuit state; when the detonator body is fully inserted into the socket, the connector extends into the space between the conductive spring plate and the metal shell to form an isolation, releasing the self-short circuit between the lead wire and the shell, and the conductive spring plate remains electrically connected to the metal cage.

[0014] Furthermore, in this invention, the side wall of the aforementioned short-circuit connector is provided with a slot, and the inner side wall of the connector is provided with a buckle adapted to the slot. When the detonator body is fully inserted into the socket, the buckle snaps into the slot to complete the insertion and positioning.

[0015] Furthermore, in this invention, the side wall of the aforementioned metal housing is provided with a through hole, the through hole corresponding to the position of the buckle. By inserting a tool through the through hole, the buckle and the slot are released from their engagement state, thereby achieving emergency separation of the detonator body from the socket.

[0016] Furthermore, in this invention, the metal cage described above is a conical cavity structure that is wider on the outside and narrower on the inside. The large-diameter end of the conical cavity structure faces the insertion direction of the short-circuit connector, which is used to guide the end of the conductive spring sheet to be accurately embedded into the metal cage, and to achieve close contact between the conductive spring sheet and the metal cage after assembly.

[0017] Furthermore, in this invention, the outer wall of the aforementioned connector is provided with a guide slope, the guide slope is in contact with the port of the metal cage, and the guide slope is in sliding contact with the slope of the arched portion.

[0018] Furthermore, in this invention, the conductive structure described above is one or more combinations of a wire, a contact, or a connecting spring, and the conductive structure is used to electrically connect with the cable and grounding wire of the oil and gas well perforation operation.

[0019] Furthermore, in this invention, the control component described above is one of a resistor component, a selective firing module, or an electronic control chip, adapted and configured according to the functional requirements of the detonator, and used to regulate the power reception and flame output of the ignition head.

[0020] Furthermore, in this invention, the two conductive spring sheets described above are arranged symmetrically.

[0021] Furthermore, in this invention, the copper needle described above is provided with a step and a counter-structure.

[0022] Furthermore, in this invention, the aforementioned bayonet plug is configured as an injection molded part, which is configured as nylon, phenolic molding compound, or PPS heat-resistant insulating material.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This invention achieves triple self-short circuit between the detonator lead wire and the metal shell through the tight contact between the two conductive spring plates of the short-circuit connector. Compared with the single lead wire short circuit of the prior art, the ability to resist high voltage static electricity and stray current is greatly improved. Moreover, the detonator automatically forms a self-short circuit after production, without the need for manual operation, thus avoiding the safety hazards of short-circuit operation from the production end. During use, the short circuit is automatically released by plugging in. There is no manual contact with live parts throughout the process, which greatly reduces the risk of accidental detonation during on-site operations.

[0025] 2. This invention adopts a step-by-step insertion and connection structure of "conducting first and then de-short-circuiting". When the detonator body is inserted into the socket, electrical conduction with the socket is achieved first, and a self-short-circuit state is maintained to avoid accidental detonation caused by stray current and radio frequency interference during the de-short-circuit release process. The self-short-circuit is released after the detonator is fully inserted, so as to achieve safe circuit conduction. The structural design ensures the safety of the insertion process.

[0026] 3. This invention abandons the complex missile blade structure in the prior art and adopts the matching structure of conductive spring sheet and metal cage. The processing accuracy requirements of the parts are low and the production and manufacturing costs are greatly reduced. Moreover, the short-circuit connector achieves an integrated structure through injection molding, and the various parts of the detonator body adopt a coaxial embedding method, which simplifies the assembly process.

[0027] 4. This invention achieves quick insertion and anti-pull-out fixation of the detonator body and socket through the snap-fit ​​and slot engagement, and can withstand the tensile force caused by downhole cable transmission and operation vibration in oil and gas wells, ensuring the stability of the insertion structure; at the same time, the through hole in the metal shell enables emergency release of the snap-fit, and can safely separate the detonator body and socket in case of abnormalities such as misassembly, improving operability and fault handling capability during use. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the detonator body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a short-circuit connector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a short-circuit connector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a socket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A sectional view of the partially inserted detonator body and socket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the fully inserted detonator body and socket provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A structural diagram of a fully inserted detonator body and socket provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 A structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in its unassembled state;

[0038] Figure 10 A structural diagram showing the assembled structure of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 A structural diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention when no insertion is provided;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram illustrating an embodiment of the use of the present invention during insertion.

[0041] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names: 100-Detonator body, 110-Short-circuit connector, 111-Conductive spring sheet, 112-Bayonet plug, 113-Copper needle, 120-Control assembly, 130-Ignition head, 140-Basic detonator, 150-Metal casing, 200-Socket, 201-Conductive structure, 202-Connector, 203-Metal cage, 300-Ejector rack, 400-Detonating cord. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention. The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0043] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] Example

[0045] This embodiment provides a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells. The conductive spring plate 111 of the short-circuit connector 110 cooperates with the metal shell 150 to achieve triple self-short circuit. The detonator body 100 and the socket 200 are connected in stages to achieve first conduction and then discontinuation. The buckle and slot cooperation achieves anti-pull-out. The following is a detailed description of the structural composition and working principle of the present invention.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the detonator body 100 includes a metal shell 150. The detonator body 100 can be made of 304 stainless steel and is a hollow cylindrical structure with one open end, possessing good corrosion resistance and pressure resistance. The side wall of the metal shell 150 is provided with through holes corresponding to the snap-fit ​​positions, allowing the snap-fit ​​to be released through the through holes in case of misassembly or other abnormalities.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the base detonator 140 is embedded in the closed end of the metal casing 150. The ignition head 130 is located on the side of the base detonator 140 near the control assembly 120, with its input end connected to the control assembly 120 and its output end facing the energetic explosive in the base detonator 140.

[0048] Furthermore, the control component 120 uses a resistor component, which is a precision metal film resistor, and is welded to the ignition head 130 and the copper needle 113 respectively to achieve constant resistance transmission of electrical energy. The outer shell is encapsulated with epoxy resin, which has insulation and temperature resistance properties.

[0049] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the short-circuit connector 110 is an integrated injection-molded structure. The bayonet plug 112 is made of nylon, and the copper pin 113 is made of copper. The left end of the copper pin 113 has an annular protrusion for preventing detachment and a stepped structure, which is integrally injection-molded with the bayonet plug 112. The other end is connected to the control component 120. Two conductive spring sheets 111 are made of copper and are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the bayonet plug 112. One end is welded to the copper pin 113, and the other end is elastically arched outward to form an arched part. After the short-circuit connector 110 is assembled into the metal housing 150, the conductive spring sheets 111 are in close contact with the inner wall of the metal housing 150, realizing a triple self-short circuit between the lead wire and the housing.

[0050] It should be noted that the outer wall of the bayonet plug 112 (injection molded part) is provided with a slot, and the slot is connected to the inner cavity of the bayonet plug 112 to facilitate engagement with the buckle.

[0051] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the socket 200 includes a connector 202 made of nylon, whose temperature resistance matches that of the bayonet plug 112 of the short-circuit connector 110, and has a hollow square plug-in structure. The side wall of the connector 202 is provided with two elastic elongated clips, which have elastic recovery properties, and the wedge-shaped protrusions at the ends of the clips adapt to the slots of the short-circuit connector 110.

[0052] The metal cage 203 can be made of brass and has a conical cavity structure that is wider on the outside and narrower on the inside. Figure 5(Not clearly shown), it is embedded in the inner channel of the connector 202. The conductive structure 201 uses a copper core wire or a straight contact. One end of the conductive structure 201 is welded to the metal cage 203, and the other end extends to the outside of the connector 202 for connection with the cable and grounding wire of the perforation operation.

[0053] In this embodiment, both the plug-in end of the detonator body 100 and the plug-in end of the socket 200 are square structures, which effectively prevents circumferential rotation during the plugging process and ensures the alignment and connection of the conductive spring sheet 111 and the metal cage 203.

[0054] During the production of the detonator body 100, the basic detonator 140, ignition head 130, and control component 120 are sequentially embedded into the inner hole of the metal housing 150 and fixed and sealed. Then, the integrated short-circuit connector 110 is pressed into the open end of the metal housing 150. After being pressed into place, the conductive spring sheet 111 is in close contact with the inner wall of the metal housing 150 under its own elastic restoring force. The two conductive spring sheets 111 are electrically connected through the metal housing 150, forming a triple self-short circuit of lead wire-lead wire-housing.

[0055] Please see Figure 5 The socket 200 includes a wire, a connector 202, and a metal cage 203. The metal cage 203 is electrically connected to the wire and is then positioned inside the inner hole of the connector 202. The connector 202 is made of insulating material; depending on the operating temperature, it can be made of nylon, phenolic molding compound, PPS, etc., and is injection molded. The connector 202 also has a clip for connecting the detonator body 100. In perforation operations, the two wires (conductive structure 201) are typically connected to the cable and grounding wire respectively, and then the socket 200 is mounted on the perforating gun.

[0056] Please see Figure 6 When the detonator body 100 is partially inserted into the socket 200, the connector 202 only extends slightly into the metal housing 150, without isolating the conductive spring sheet 111 from the metal housing 150. The detonator body 100 remains in a triple self-short circuit state. At this time, the conductive spring sheet 111 contacts the metal cage 203 under the guidance of the metal cage 203, realizing electrical conduction between the detonator body 100 and the socket 200. Since the detonator body 100 is still in a self-short circuit state, even if there is stray current or radio frequency interference, an effective ignition current cannot be formed, thus structurally preventing accidental detonation.

[0057] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8The detonator body 100 continues to move into the socket 200, and the connector 202 gradually extends between the conductive spring plate 111 and the metal shell 150, forming a physical isolation, so that the conductive spring plate 111 and the metal shell 150 are no longer in contact, thus eliminating the triple self-short circuit between the lead wire and the shell. At the same time, the conductive spring plate 111 is fully embedded in the metal cage 203 and maintains a tight surface contact with the metal cage 203, realizing stable electrical conduction between the detonator body 100 and the socket 200, thereby realizing the circuit connection between the detonator body 100 and the cable and grounding wire. During this process, the elastic buckle of the connector 202 is elastically deformed by the pressure of the slot plug 112. When the detonator body 100 is fully inserted, the buckle aligns with the slot of the slot plug 112 and is locked into the slot under the action of elastic restoring force, realizing the rapid positioning and anti-pull-out fixation of the detonator body 100 and the socket 200, completing the on-site assembly.

[0058] If misassembly, jamming, or other abnormalities occur during on-site assembly, and it is necessary to separate the detonator body 100 from the socket 200, a fine needle-like tool can be inserted through the through hole of the metal housing 150 to pry open the latch that is locked into the slot, thereby releasing the latch from the slot. Then, a robotic arm can be used to pull the detonator body 100 out of the socket 200, achieving emergency separation. The operation is simple and safe.

[0059] Please see Figure 9 and Figure 10 This paper illustrates an embodiment of a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells. Before the detonator body 100 is installed, the socket 200 is first connected to the rotatable locking mechanism on the cartridge holder 300. The wires are connected to the cable and grounding wire through the cartridge holder 300. The detonating cord 400 is fixed in the detonating cord 400 connecting groove on the cartridge holder 300. The rotatable locking mechanism can adjust the angle between the opening direction of the socket 200 and the installation direction of the detonating cord 400, facilitating the installation of the detonator body 100 by the robotic arm. After the detonator body 100 is installed, the rotatable locking mechanism is rotated to align the detonator body 100 with the detonating cord 400, completing the detonator installation.

[0060] Please see Figure 11 and Figure 12 This illustration shows another embodiment of the use of a self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells. The detonator body 100 is designed in an "L" shape, with the short-circuit plug-in positioned perpendicular to the base detonator 140. When the detonator body 100 is not installed, the socket 200 is also vertically mounted on the cartridge holder 300. When the detonator body 100 is installed on the socket 200, the base detonator 140 automatically aligns with and is secured to the detonating cord 400 installed in the connecting groove of the cartridge holder 300.

[0061] The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells of the present invention has a reasonable structural design and mature component processing technology. It can be mass-produced using existing automated production equipment for civil explosives products, resulting in high production efficiency and low manufacturing cost. At the same time, this detonator is compatible with automated assembly and can be directly applied to the existing automated equipment system for oil and gas well perforation operations.

[0062] The detonator of this invention has completed indoor high-temperature, high-pressure, anti-static, and anti-radio frequency interference performance tests, as well as small-scale field perforation operation tests. Test results show that this detonator can reliably achieve self-short circuit, exceeding the performance indicators of existing traditional detonators; and no problems such as accidental detonation or poor contact have occurred, demonstrating excellent operational safety and stability. The detonator of this invention can be widely used in cable-driven perforation operations of various well types, including vertical wells, horizontal wells, and extended reach wells in oil and gas fields, possessing good industrial applicability and market promotion value.

[0063] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-short-circuiting, plug-type, temperature-resistant, electric detonator for oil and gas wells, characterized in that, Includes detonator body (100) and socket (200). The detonator body (100) includes a metal shell (150), within which, from the rear end to the opening, are sequentially installed a base detonator (140), an ignition head (130), a control component (120), and a short-circuit connector (110). The ignition head (130) is electrically connected to and engages with the control component (120) and the base detonator (140) for ignition transmission. The short-circuit connector (110) includes a bayonet plug (112), inside which are disposed interconnected copper pins (113) and conductive spring plates (111). The copper pins (113) and the conductive spring plates (111) extend from both ends of the bayonet plug (112), and the end of the conductive spring plate (111) is provided with an arched portion, the outer side of which contacts the metal housing (150). The socket (200) includes a connector (202) having interconnected conductive structures (201) and a metal cage (203). The conductive structures (201) extend from one end of the connector (202). When the detonator body (100) is inserted into the socket (200), the conductive spring plate (111) is in contact with the metal cage (203) and conducts electricity, and the arched part of the conductive spring plate (111) is still in contact with the metal shell (150) to maintain a self-short circuit state; when the detonator body (100) is fully inserted into the socket (200), the connector (202) extends into the space between the conductive spring plate (111) and the metal shell (150) to form an isolation, releasing the self-short circuit between the lead wire and the shell, and the conductive spring plate (111) and the metal cage (203) maintain an electrical connection.

2. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short-circuit connector (110) has a slot on its side wall, and the connector (202) has a buckle that matches the slot on its inner side wall. When the detonator body (100) is fully inserted into the socket (200), the buckle snaps into the slot to complete the insertion and positioning.

3. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side wall of the metal housing (150) is provided with a through hole, which corresponds to the position of the buckle. By inserting a tool through the through hole, the buckle and the slot can be released from their engagement state, thereby realizing the emergency separation of the detonator body (100) and the socket (200).

4. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal cage (203) is a conical cavity structure with a wider outer diameter and a narrower inner diameter. The large-diameter end of the conical cavity structure faces the insertion direction of the short-circuit connector (110) to guide the end of the conductive spring sheet (111) to be precisely embedded in the metal cage (203). After assembly, the conductive spring sheet (111) and the metal cage (203) are in close contact.

5. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the connector (202) is provided with a guide slope, which is connected to the port of the metal cage (203) and slides in contact with the slope of the arched part.

6. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive structure (201) is one or more combinations of a wire, a contact, or a connecting spring, and the conductive structure (201) is used to electrically connect with the cable and grounding wire of the oil and gas well perforation operation.

7. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component (120) is one of a resistor component, a selective firing module, or an electronic control chip, and is adapted to the functional requirements of the detonator to regulate the power reception and flame output of the ignition head (130).

8. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two conductive spring sheets (111) are arranged symmetrically.

9. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper needle (113) is provided with a step and a counter structure.

10. The self-short-circuit plug-in type high-temperature resistant electric detonator for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bayonet plug (112) is configured as an injection molded part, which is configured as nylon, phenolic molding compound or PPS heat-resistant insulating material.

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