Marine prestack seismic data processing method, device and equipment
By preprocessing and time-difference correction of prestack marine seismic data, combined with inverse Q filtering technology, the problem of overcompensation in marine seismic data was solved, achieving more accurate marine seismic data processing and improving the fidelity and resolution of seismic data.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
When existing inverse Q filtering methods are directly applied to marine seismic data, they are prone to overcompensation, which reduces the amplitude preservation of seismic data and leads to inaccurate processing results.
By preprocessing marine prestack seismic data, the initial travel time correction time difference of seismic traces at different offsets is determined, and the first and second time difference corrections are performed. Combined with inverse Q compensation processing, the influence of the seawater layer on seismic data at different offsets is eliminated.
The accuracy of inverse Q-compensation processing for pre-stack marine seismic data has been improved, errors have been reduced, and the fidelity and resolution of seismic data have been ensured.
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Figure CN122239153A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of seismic data processing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and equipment for processing marine pre-stack seismic data. Background Technology
[0002] Conventional seismic exploration mainly consists of seismic acquisition, processing, and interpretation. However, seismic data is often inevitably affected by random noise and attenuation during acquisition. Seismic wave attenuation is an important property of the subsurface medium. Due to the viscoelasticity of the strata, waves are absorbed and attenuated during propagation, causing energy attenuation and velocity dispersion of wavelets. This leads to amplitude attenuation and phase distortion of the waveform, altering, delaying, and stretching the seismic wavelets, reducing the resolution of the seismic record, and causing seismic wave energy loss. Moreover, as the propagation distance increases, the attenuation of high-frequency components of seismic waves is more severe than that of low-frequency components. Therefore, the purpose of seismic data processing is to improve the resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and fidelity of seismic data through various methods to facilitate seismic data interpretation.
[0003] This propagation effect of waves is usually measured by the quality factor Q. The quality factor Q is a geophysical parameter that measures this absorption attenuation, and the Q value is an important parameter for estimating the absorption attenuation of seismic waves along the propagation path. To facilitate imaging and reservoir characterization, inverse Q filtering is commonly used in seismic signal processing to compensate for the propagation effect of received seismic signals and recover the energy and frequency lost due to formation absorption attenuation. Inverse Q filtering is an effective method for compensating for high-frequency attenuation to improve resolution and has become a commonly used technique in seismic data processing. However, for marine seismic data, since seawater does not have absorption attenuation, directly applying existing inverse Q filtering methods to marine seismic data for inverse Q compensation will result in overcompensation, reducing the amplitude preservation of the seismic data. Therefore, a processing method specifically for marine seismic data is urgently needed to achieve accurate processing of marine seismic data. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide at least one method, apparatus, and device for processing marine pre-stack seismic data, which can solve the overcompensation problem of existing methods and achieve accurate processing of marine seismic data.
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, at least one embodiment of this application provides a method for processing pre-stack marine seismic data, comprising:
[0006] The acquired prestack marine seismic data were preprocessed to obtain preprocessed prestack marine seismic data.
[0007] Determine the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data;
[0008] The preprocessed marine prestack seismic data were first corrected for time difference based on the initial travel time correction of seismic traces with different offsets, resulting in the first corrected seismic data.
[0009] Determine the correction error values of seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction;
[0010] The second time difference correction is performed on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces at different offset distances to obtain the second corrected seismic data;
[0011] The second-corrected seismic data is subjected to inverse Q-compensation to obtain the compensated seismic data.
[0012] Inverse time difference correction is performed on the compensated seismic data to obtain the inverse Q-compensated seismic data corresponding to the pre-stack marine seismic data.
[0013] In some embodiments, the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data is determined according to the following expression:
[0014]
[0015] Where, Δt i The offset represents the initial travel time correction for the i-th seismic trace. i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace, t0 represents the reception time at zero offset, and v n This represents the root mean square velocity of the formation.
[0016] In some embodiments, the correction error values for seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction are determined according to the following expression:
[0017]
[0018] in, This represents the correction error value for the i-th seismic trace. Let represent the seabed time of the i-th seismic trace, N represent the number of samples in the seismic trace, R represent the sampling interval of the seismic trace, t0 represent the reception time at zero offset, and v n Represents the root mean square velocity of the formation, offset i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace.
[0019] In some embodiments, the preprocessed prestack marine seismic data undergoes a first time difference correction based on the initial travel time correction time of seismic traces at different offsets, including:
[0020] The travel time of each seismic trace in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data is adjusted by adding the initial travel time correction time of the corresponding seismic trace.
[0021] In some embodiments, a second time difference correction is performed on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces at different offsets, including:
[0022] The travel time of each seismic trace in the first corrected seismic data is subtracted from the corresponding seismic trace's correction error value.
[0023] In some embodiments, reverse time difference correction is performed on the compensated seismic data, including:
[0024] The travel time of each seismic trace in the compensated seismic data is added to the corresponding seismic trace's correction error value, and then the initial travel time correction difference of the corresponding seismic trace is subtracted.
[0025] In some embodiments, the acquired prestack marine seismic data is preprocessed, including:
[0026] The acquired pre-stack marine seismic data were denoised and filtered.
[0027] At least one embodiment of this application also provides a marine pre-stack seismic data processing apparatus, comprising:
[0028] The preprocessing module is used to preprocess the acquired prestack marine seismic data to obtain preprocessed prestack marine seismic data.
[0029] The first processing module is used to determine the initial travel time correction time difference of seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data;
[0030] The first correction module is used to perform the first time difference correction on the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data based on the initial travel time correction time of seismic traces with different offsets, so as to obtain the first corrected seismic data.
[0031] The second processing module is used to determine the correction error values of seismic traces at different offset distances caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction;
[0032] The second correction module is used to perform a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances, so as to obtain the second corrected seismic data.
[0033] The third processing module performs inverse Q compensation processing on the second corrected seismic data to obtain the compensated seismic data.
[0034] The reverse correction module is used to perform reverse time difference correction on the compensated seismic data to obtain the inverse Q-compensated seismic data corresponding to the pre-stack marine seismic data.
[0035] At least one embodiment of this application also provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the above-described marine pre-stack seismic data processing method.
[0036] At least one embodiment of this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described marine pre-stack seismic data processing method.
[0037] The marine pre-stack seismic data processing method, apparatus, and equipment provided in the embodiments of this application preprocess the acquired marine pre-stack seismic data to obtain preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data; determine the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data; perform a first time difference correction on the preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data based on the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets to obtain first corrected seismic data; determine the correction error value of seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction; perform a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error value of seismic traces at different offsets to obtain second corrected seismic data; perform inverse Q compensation processing on the second corrected seismic data to obtain compensated seismic data; and perform reverse time difference correction on the compensated seismic data to obtain inverse Q compensated seismic data corresponding to the marine pre-stack seismic data. By using different time differences to correct seismic data at different offsets in the marine pre-stack seismic data, the influence of the seawater layer on seismic data at different offsets is eliminated more accurately, improving the accuracy of pre-stack inverse Q compensation processing. Attached Figure Description
[0038] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and these illustrative descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments.
[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a marine pre-stack seismic data processing method provided in one embodiment of this application;
[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-processed pre-stack seismic gathers of a certain work area at sea, provided in one embodiment of this application;
[0041] Figure 3 Yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the pre-stack seismic gathers after the first time-difference correction of the data shown.
[0042] Figure 4 Yes Figure 3The diagram shows the pre-stack seismic gathers after the second time-difference correction of the data shown.
[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the processing effects of existing methods and the method of this application;
[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a marine pre-stack seismic data processing apparatus provided in one embodiment of this application;
[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, and to fully understand and implement the process of how this disclosure applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, not all embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure and the various features within them can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.
[0047] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0048] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.
[0049] It should be noted that the method provided in this application is for processing pre-stack marine seismic data. Typically, seismic waves are affected by absorption and attenuation during propagation, resulting in energy loss and reduced resolution. Furthermore, the attenuation of high-frequency components of seismic waves becomes more severe with increasing propagation distance compared to low-frequency components. The quality factor Q is a geophysical parameter that measures this absorption and attenuation. Inverse Q-factor techniques can recover the energy and frequency lost due to formation absorption and attenuation, thus becoming a commonly used method in seismic data processing. However, for marine seismic data, since seawater does not exhibit absorption and attenuation, directly applying inverse Q-factor compensation to approximate seawater as the Earth would result in overcompensation, reducing the amplitude preservation of the seismic data. Currently, a common method for eliminating the influence of the seawater layer in pre-stack inverse Q-factor processing of marine seismic data is to flatten the seabed time of seismic traces at different offsets. However, this method ignores the influence of the seawater layer on the flattening speed, leading to errors for far-offset seismic traces, limiting the processing results and reducing the accuracy of seismic data processing. To effectively eliminate the influence of seawater layers on inverse Q-interference in pre-stack marine seismic data, this application provides a pre-stack marine seismic data processing method. By introducing a novel seabed time correction strategy, different time differences are applied to correct seismic data from different offset traces within the pre-stack marine seismic data. Combined with inverse Q-filtering technology, this method more accurately eliminates the influence of seawater layers on seismic data at different offsets, thereby improving the accuracy of pre-stack inverse Q-interference compensation processing. The method provided in this application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.
[0050] Example 1:
[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a pre-stack marine seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of this application. The pre-stack marine seismic data processing method provided in this embodiment can be applied to electronic devices with communication, computing, and data storage capabilities. Figure 1 As shown, the marine pre-stack seismic data processing method provided in this embodiment may include:
[0052] S101. Preprocess the acquired marine prestack seismic data to obtain preprocessed marine prestack seismic data.
[0053] In this embodiment, the preprocessing of the acquired prestack marine seismic data includes, but is not limited to, denoising and filtering the acquired prestack marine seismic data, so as to obtain the preprocessed prestack marine seismic data.
[0054] S102. Determine the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data.
[0055] In some alternative implementations, the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data can be determined according to the following expression:
[0056]
[0057] Where, Δt i The offset represents the initial travel time correction for the i-th seismic trace. i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace, t0 represents the reception time at zero offset, and v n This represents the root mean square velocity of the formation.
[0058] S103. Based on the initial travel time correction time of seismic traces with different offsets, perform the first time difference correction on the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data to obtain the first corrected seismic data.
[0059] After obtaining the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets, the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data can be subjected to the first time difference correction to initially eliminate the influence of the seawater layer. In some optional embodiments, the first time difference correction is performed on the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data based on the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets. Specifically, this may include adding the initial travel time correction time difference of the corresponding seismic trace to the travel time of each seismic trace in the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data.
[0060] For the travel time T of seismic traces with different offsets i Adding the corrected time difference Δt i The earthquake path was leveled, initially eliminating the influence of the seawater layer.
[0061] T i '=T i +Δt i
[0062] Among them, T i ' represents the travel time after correction for seismic traces at different offsets, and i represents the i-th seismic trace.
[0063] S104. Determine the correction error values of seismic traces at different offset distances caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction.
[0064] In some alternative implementations, the correction error values for seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction can be determined according to the following expression:
[0065]
[0066] in, This represents the correction error value for the i-th seismic trace. Let represent the seabed time of the i-th seismic trace, N represent the number of samples in the seismic trace, R represent the sampling interval of the seismic trace, t0 represent the reception time at zero offset, and v n Represents the root mean square velocity of the formation, offset i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace.
[0067] S105. Perform a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances to obtain the second corrected seismic data.
[0068] After obtaining the correction error values for seismic traces at different offsets, a second time difference correction can be performed accordingly. In some optional implementations, the second time difference correction is performed on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values for seismic traces at different offsets. Specifically, this may include subtracting the correction error value of the corresponding seismic trace from the travel time of each seismic trace in the first corrected seismic data.
[0069] A second time difference correction is performed on the seismic trace data to eliminate the correction error caused by water layers during the first correction: for the travel time T of seismic traces at different offsets after the first correction. i ', minus the correction error value Eliminate errors caused by water layers:
[0070]
[0071] Among them, T i " represents the travel time of different offset seismic traces after the second correction, and i represents the i-th seismic trace.
[0072] S106. Perform inverse Q-compensation processing on the second-corrected seismic data to obtain the compensated seismic data.
[0073] This embodiment does not restrict the specific implementation method of the inverse Q compensation process.
[0074] S107. Perform reverse time difference correction on the compensated seismic data to obtain the inverse Q-compensated seismic data corresponding to the pre-stack marine seismic data.
[0075] The seismic trace data processed by inverse Q compensation were subjected to two reverse corrections to restore the original travel time T before correction. i Complete the reverse Q compensation process:
[0076]
[0077] T i =T i '-Δt i
[0078] Where i represents the i-th seismic trace.
[0079] In some optional implementations, reverse time difference correction is performed on the compensated seismic data. Specifically, this may include adding the correction error value of the corresponding seismic trace to the travel time of each seismic trace in the compensated seismic data, and then subtracting the initial travel time correction time difference of the corresponding seismic trace.
[0080] The marine pre-stack seismic data processing method provided in this embodiment preprocesses the acquired marine pre-stack seismic data to obtain preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data; determines the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data; performs a first time difference correction on the preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data based on the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets to obtain first corrected seismic data; determines the correction error value of seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction; performs a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error value of seismic traces at different offsets to obtain second corrected seismic data; performs inverse Q compensation processing on the second corrected seismic data to obtain compensated seismic data; and performs reverse time difference correction on the compensated seismic data to obtain the inverse Q compensated seismic data corresponding to the marine pre-stack seismic data. By using different time differences to correct seismic data at different offsets in the marine pre-stack seismic data, the influence of the seawater layer on seismic data at different offsets is eliminated more accurately, improving the accuracy of pre-stack inverse Q compensation processing.
[0081] Example 2:
[0082] Based on the above embodiments, a specific example will be provided below to illustrate the method provided in this application. The marine pre-stack seismic data processing method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0083] Step 1: Input the raw pre-stack seismic gather data and perform preliminary processing, including denoising, filtering and other preprocessing steps;
[0084] Step 2: Calculate the initial travel time correction time difference Δt for seismic traces at different offsets. i :
[0085]
[0086] Where, Δt i The initial travel time correction time difference represents the seismic traces at different offsets, where i represents the i-th seismic trace, and offset is the offset. i Represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace, t0 represents the reception time at zero offset, and v n The above quantities represent the root mean square velocity of the formation and are all known constants.
[0087] Step 3: Perform the first time difference correction on the seismic trace data to initially eliminate the influence of water layers: For the travel time T of seismic traces with different offsets i Adding the corrected time difference Δt i Leveling the earthquake path initially eliminates the influence of the water layer:
[0088] T i '=T i +Δt i
[0089] Among them, T i ' represents the travel time after correction for seismic traces at different offsets, and i represents the i-th seismic trace.
[0090] Step 4: Calculate the correction error caused by the seawater layer after the first correction.
[0091]
[0092] in, T represents the correction error of seismic traces at different offsets. 0_wi Let N represent the seafloor time of the i-th seismic trace, N represent the number of samples in the seismic trace, and R represent the sampling interval of the seismic trace. All of these quantities are known constants.
[0093] Step 5: Perform a second time difference correction on the seismic trace data to eliminate the correction error caused by water layers during the first correction: For the travel time T of seismic traces at different offsets after the first correction... i ', minus the correction error value Eliminate errors caused by water layers:
[0094]
[0095] Among them, T i " represents the travel time of different offset seismic traces after the second correction, and i represents the i-th seismic trace.
[0096] Step 6: Perform inverse Q compensation processing on the pre-stack gather data after the second time difference correction;
[0097] Step 7: Perform two reverse corrections on the seismic trace data processed by inverse Q compensation to restore the original travel time T before correction. i Complete the reverse Q compensation process:
[0098]
[0099] T i =T i '-Δt i
[0100] Where i represents the i-th seismic trace.
[0101] This application aims to provide a pre-stack inverse Q compensation method for marine seismic data. Compared with the traditional seabed time correction method, this method introduces a new seabed time correction strategy and uses different time differences to correct seismic data of different offset seismic traces in pre-stack marine seismic data. This can more accurately eliminate the influence of the seawater layer on seismic data of different offsets, significantly reduce errors, and improve the accuracy of pre-stack inverse Q compensation processing.
[0102] The effectiveness of the method provided in this application will be illustrated below by processing actual marine seismic data. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the preprocessed pre-stack seismic gathers of a certain work area at sea, provided in one embodiment of this application. It shows the preprocessed pre-stack seismic gathers of a certain work area at sea. Figure 3 Yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the pre-stack seismic gathers after the first time-difference correction. Figure 4 Yes Figure 3 The diagram shows the pre-stack seismic gather after the second time-difference correction, illustrating the pre-stack seismic gather after the second time-difference correction to eliminate correction errors. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the processing effects of existing methods and the method of this application. Figure 5 (a) shows the pre-stack seismic gathers processed by the conventional inverse Q-complement method. Figure 5 Figure (b) shows the pre-stack seismic gather processed using the method provided in this application, compared to Figure 5 (a) The conventional method for long offset “overcompensation” problem ( Figure 5 The improvement is effective as shown in circle (a).
[0103] Example 3:
[0104] Another embodiment of this application relates to a marine pre-stack seismic data processing device. The implementation details of this embodiment's marine pre-stack seismic data processing device are described below. The following implementation details are provided for ease of understanding and are not essential for implementing this solution. A schematic diagram of this embodiment's marine pre-stack seismic data processing device can be seen as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes: a preprocessing module 601, a first processing module 602, a first correction module 603, a second processing module 604, a second correction module 605, a third processing module 606, and a reverse correction module 607.
[0105] The preprocessing module 601 is used to preprocess the acquired prestack marine seismic data to obtain preprocessed prestack marine seismic data.
[0106] The first processing module 602 is used to determine the initial travel time correction time difference of seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data;
[0107] The first correction module 603 is used to perform the first time difference correction on the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data according to the initial travel time correction time of the seismic traces with different offset distances, so as to obtain the first corrected seismic data.
[0108] The second processing module 604 is used to determine the correction error values of seismic traces at different offset distances caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction;
[0109] The second correction module 605 is used to perform a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances, so as to obtain the second corrected seismic data.
[0110] The third processing module 606 performs inverse Q compensation processing on the second corrected seismic data to obtain the compensated seismic data.
[0111] The reverse correction module 607 is used to perform reverse time difference correction on the compensated seismic data to obtain the inverse Q-compensated seismic data corresponding to the pre-stack marine seismic data.
[0112] The apparatus of this embodiment can be used to perform Figure 1 The technical solutions of the method embodiments shown are similar in principle and in effect, and will not be described again here.
[0113] In some embodiments, the first processing module 602 is used to determine the initial travel time correction time difference of seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data according to the following expression:
[0114]
[0115] Where, Δt i The offset represents the initial travel time correction for the i-th seismic trace. i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace, t0 represents the reception time at zero offset, and v n This represents the root mean square velocity of the formation.
[0116] In some embodiments, the second processing module 604 is used to determine the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction, according to the following expression:
[0117]
[0118] in, This represents the correction error value for the i-th seismic trace. Let represent the seabed time of the i-th seismic trace, N represent the number of samples in the seismic trace, R represent the sampling interval of the seismic trace, t0 represent the reception time at zero offset, and v n Represents the root mean square velocity of the formation, offset i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace.
[0119] In some embodiments, the first correction module 603 is used to perform a first time difference correction on the preprocessed prestack marine seismic data based on the initial travel time correction time of seismic traces with different offsets. Specifically, it may include:
[0120] The travel time of each seismic trace in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data is adjusted by adding the initial travel time correction time of the corresponding seismic trace.
[0121] In some embodiments, the second correction module 605 is used to perform a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances, specifically including:
[0122] The travel time of each seismic trace in the first corrected seismic data is subtracted from the corresponding seismic trace's correction error value.
[0123] In some embodiments, reverse time difference correction is performed on the compensated seismic data, including:
[0124] The travel time of each seismic trace in the compensated seismic data is added to the corresponding seismic trace's correction error value, and then the initial travel time correction difference of the corresponding seismic trace is subtracted.
[0125] In some embodiments, the reverse correction module 607 is used to preprocess the acquired prestack marine seismic data, specifically including:
[0126] The acquired pre-stack marine seismic data were denoised and filtered.
[0127] It is worth mentioning that all modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules. In practical applications, a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or a combination of multiple physical units. Furthermore, to highlight the innovative aspects of this application, this embodiment does not introduce units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed in this application; however, this does not mean that other units are absent in this embodiment.
[0128] Example 4:
[0129] Another embodiment of this application relates to an electronic device, such as... Figure 7As shown, it includes: at least one processor 701; and a memory 702 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 701; wherein the memory 702 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 701, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor 701 to enable the at least one processor 701 to perform the marine pre-stack seismic data processing method in the above embodiments.
[0130] The memory and processor are connected via a bus, which can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, connecting various circuits of one or more processors and memories. The bus can also connect various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Data processed by the processor is transmitted over the wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives data and transmits it to the processor.
[0131] The processor manages the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. The memory can be used to store data used by the processor during operation. The processor can include, but is not limited to, one or more processors or microprocessors. Each processor can be implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or other electronic component to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.
[0132] Example 5:
[0133] Another embodiment of this application relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-described method embodiments. That is, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
[0134] Computer-readable storage media may also store at least one computer-executable program / instruction, such as computer-readable instructions. Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Computer-readable storage media may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be connected to a computing device such as a computer, and then, when the computing device executes the computer-readable instructions stored on the computer-readable storage medium, the various methods described above can be performed.
[0135] In addition, the computer device may include (but is not limited to) a data bus, an input / output (I / O) bus, a display, and input / output devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc.).
[0136] The processor can communicate with external devices via the I / O bus through wired or wireless networks.
[0137] In one embodiment, the at least one computer-executable instruction may also be compiled into or comprise a software product / computer program product, wherein one or more computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor to perform the steps of the various functions and / or methods in the embodiments described herein.
[0138] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific embodiments for implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to them in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of this application.
[0139] In the embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
[0140] It should be noted that, in this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element limited by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.
[0141] While the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the foregoing content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; however, the scope of patent protection of this disclosure shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for processing pre-stack marine seismic data, characterized in that, include: The acquired prestack marine seismic data were preprocessed to obtain preprocessed prestack marine seismic data. Determine the initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data; The preprocessed marine prestack seismic data is subjected to a first time difference correction based on the initial travel time correction of seismic traces with different offset distances, resulting in the first corrected seismic data. Determine the correction error values of seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction; The first corrected seismic data is subjected to a second time difference correction based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances to obtain the second corrected seismic data; The second corrected seismic data is subjected to inverse Q compensation processing to obtain compensated seismic data; The compensated seismic data is subjected to reverse time difference correction to obtain the inverse Q-compensated seismic data corresponding to the pre-stack marine seismic data.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial travel time correction time difference for seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed pre-stack marine seismic data is determined according to the following expression: Where, Δt i The offset represents the initial travel time correction for the i-th seismic trace. i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace, t0 represents the reception time at zero offset, and v n This represents the root mean square velocity of the formation.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The correction error values for seismic traces at different offsets caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction are determined according to the following expression: in, This represents the correction error value for the i-th seismic trace. Let represent the seabed time of the i-th seismic trace, N represent the number of samples in the seismic trace, R represent the sampling interval of the seismic trace, t0 represent the reception time at zero offset, and v n Represents the root mean square velocity of the formation, offset i This represents the offset value of the i-th seismic trace.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first time difference correction of the preprocessed prestack marine seismic data based on the initial travel time of seismic traces with different offsets includes: The travel time of each seismic trace in the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data is adjusted by adding the initial travel time correction time of the corresponding seismic trace.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second time-difference correction of the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances includes: The travel time of each seismic trace in the first corrected seismic data is subtracted from the corresponding seismic trace's correction error value.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reverse time difference correction of the compensated seismic data includes: The travel time of each seismic trace in the compensated seismic data is added to the corresponding seismic trace's correction error value, and then the initial travel time correction difference of the corresponding seismic trace is subtracted.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the acquired pre-stack marine seismic data includes: The acquired pre-stack marine seismic data were denoised and filtered.
8. A marine pre-stack seismic data processing device, characterized in that, include: The preprocessing module is used to preprocess the acquired prestack marine seismic data to obtain preprocessed prestack marine seismic data. The first processing module is used to determine the initial travel time correction time difference of seismic traces at different offsets in the preprocessed marine pre-stack seismic data; The first correction module is used to perform the first time difference correction on the preprocessed marine prestack seismic data according to the initial travel time correction time of the seismic traces with different offset distances, so as to obtain the first corrected seismic data. The second processing module is used to determine the correction error values of seismic traces at different offset distances caused by the seawater layer after the first time difference correction; The second correction module is used to perform a second time difference correction on the first corrected seismic data based on the correction error values of seismic traces with different offset distances, so as to obtain the second corrected seismic data. The third processing module performs inverse Q compensation processing on the second corrected seismic data to obtain compensated seismic data. The reverse correction module is used to perform reverse time difference correction on the compensated seismic data to obtain the inverse Q-compensated seismic data corresponding to the pre-stack marine seismic data.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the marine pre-stack seismic data processing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the marine pre-stack seismic data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.