An embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of fuel cell monitoring technology, and in particular to an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method. The device includes a temperature monitoring component and a pressure monitoring component embedded within the fuel cell, both electrically connected to a control module located outside the fuel cell. The pressure monitoring component includes several pressure measurement modules, which are respectively disposed on a first and a second single cell on opposite sides of the fuel cell. The temperature monitoring component includes several temperature measurement modules, which are disposed on the cathode plate side of each single cell of the fuel cell. This invention achieves distributed monitoring of fuel cell stack packaging pressure without altering the original assembly method and flow channel structure, and provides real-time sensing of local temperature anomalies during fuel cell stack operation, offering reliable data support for fuel cell stack assembly quality assessment, operational status monitoring, and fault diagnosis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell monitoring technology, and in particular to an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method. Background Technology

[0002] PEMFC stacks are typically constructed by stacking and pressing together components such as end plates, current collectors, bipolar plates, membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and sealing gaskets. The magnitude of the stack encapsulation pressure and its uniformity along the flow path are crucial to the MEA interface contact resistance, reactant transport performance, and stack durability.

[0003] However, in current engineering practice, battery stack packaging mainly relies on bolt torque or endplate displacement for overall control, using disposable consumables such as pressure-sensitive paper to collect pressure. This lack of direct monitoring of the actual spatial distribution of internal contact pressure easily leads to insufficient or excessive local compression, causing localized air leakage or structural failure. Furthermore, PEMFC operation is susceptible to factors such as insufficient local gas supply, unbalanced water management, or uneven current density distribution, resulting in localized hot spots or even reverse polarity phenomena. Traditional methods often embed thermocouples, pressure sensors, and other components into the flow channel or heat-press them with the membrane electrode assembly. This not only complicates the process but also damages the battery's structural integrity, leading to decreased airtightness, reduced membrane electrode active area, and impacting battery performance. Traditional PCB-based zoned testing requires additional acquisition components, resulting in complex assembly processes that can reduce acquisition accuracy and increase battery impedance. Existing temperature monitoring often uses external thermocouples or endplate sensors, which struggle to accurately reflect the true temperature changes in critical internal reaction areas and cannot be correlated with voltage analysis, limiting the ability to identify early signs of faults.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method to solve the problems of invisible stack packaging pressure, difficulty in detecting internal hot spots, and lagging fault diagnosis in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device, including a temperature monitoring component and a pressure monitoring component embedded in the fuel cell, wherein the temperature monitoring component and the pressure monitoring component are electrically connected to a control module disposed outside the fuel cell; The pressure monitoring component includes several groups of pressure monitoring modules that are electrically connected to the control module. The pressure monitoring modules are respectively installed on the first single cell and the second single cell on both sides of the fuel cell. The temperature monitoring component includes several groups of temperature monitoring modules that are electrically connected to the control module, and the temperature monitoring modules are disposed on the cathode plate side of each individual cell of the fuel cell.

[0007] Preferably, the control module includes a signal acquisition unit and an analysis unit that are electrically connected. The temperature monitoring module and the pressure monitoring module are electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit, and the analysis unit is electrically connected to the monitoring platform.

[0008] Preferably, the fuel cell includes two oppositely arranged and locked end plates, with the first single cell and the second single cell respectively abutting against the opposite surfaces of the two end plates; a plurality of layers of third single cells are stacked between the first single cell and the second single cell.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure monitoring module includes a first flexible pressure sensor, a second flexible pressure sensor, a third flexible pressure sensor, a fourth flexible pressure sensor, a fifth flexible pressure sensor, and a sixth flexible pressure sensor arranged around the membrane electrode on the third single cell. The first flexible pressure sensor, the second flexible pressure sensor, the third flexible pressure sensor, the fourth flexible pressure sensor, the fifth flexible pressure sensor, and the sixth flexible pressure sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

[0010] Preferably, the second flexible pressure sensor and the third flexible pressure sensor are located on the first side of the membrane electrode, and the second flexible pressure sensor and the third flexible pressure sensor are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode; the fifth flexible pressure sensor and the sixth flexible pressure sensor are symmetrically arranged on the second side of the membrane electrode, and the fifth flexible pressure sensor and the sixth flexible pressure sensor are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode.

[0011] Preferably, the third single cell has a plurality of bolt holes through it, the bolt holes being arranged around the membrane electrode; a plurality of screws for anchoring the two end plates pass through the bolt holes.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature monitoring module includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a third temperature sensor arranged on the cathode of each single cell, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

[0013] Preferably, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode.

[0014] This invention also discloses a detection method for an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device, comprising the following steps: The fuel cell was assembled according to the design requirements, and the contact pressure signal of the single cell on both sides of the fuel cell was collected through the pressure monitoring module during the process. The collected pressure signal is compared with the target pressure value. If there is an error, the locking structure at the corresponding position is adjusted until the pressure signal matches the target pressure signal, thus completing the high uniformity assembly of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is operated under rated conditions to establish a reference temperature distribution and cell voltage data. Then, it enters the online monitoring stage to continuously collect cell voltage and point temperature. Determine if there is any abnormality in the collected temperature signal. If there is no abnormality, continue running. If there is an abnormality, determine the fault type. Based on the fault diagnosis results, the location of the abnormal single cell in the fuel cell is identified and the operating conditions are optimized. Further determination is made as to whether shutdown maintenance is required. If so, the fuel cell is shut down and the process is terminated.

[0015] Preferably, in the fault diagnosis step, a decrease in voltage while the temperature distribution of a single cell remains unchanged corresponds to flooding; an increase in the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a single cell and a decrease in voltage correspond to membrane dryness; and a decrease in the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a single cell and a decrease in voltage correspond to gas shortage.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention discloses an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method. The core structure consists of a temperature and pressure monitoring component and an external control module. Both the temperature and pressure monitoring components are embedded inside the fuel cell, without destructive modification to the original fuel cell structure. Furthermore, the thin design of the flexible sensing module minimizes the impact on the original assembly method and flow channel structure of the fuel cell stack, making it easy to integrate into engineering and adaptable to the actual application scenarios of fuel cells, thus showing good engineering application prospects. Both the temperature and pressure monitoring components are electrically connected to the external control module of the fuel cell, enabling real-time acquisition, transmission, and processing of monitoring signals. This provides a continuous and reliable data source for fuel cell stack assembly quality assessment and operational status monitoring, laying the foundation for subsequent fault diagnosis. The pressure monitoring component… Composed of several pressure monitoring modules, each precisely positioned on both sides of the fuel cell stack, this system introduces flexible pressure sensing units inside the stack to directly and precisely monitor the fuel cell encapsulation pressure. This enables visualized and direct monitoring of the encapsulation pressure along the flow path, replacing traditional disposable consumables such as pressure-sensitive paper. It also provides accurate data for adjusting the stack bolt torque, effectively improving the consistency and reliability of stack assembly and preventing leaks and structural failures caused by insufficient or excessive localized tightening. The temperature monitoring component consists of several temperature monitoring modules positioned on the cathode plate side of each fuel cell. This accurately reflects the localized temperature changes of each cell within the stack, overcoming the limitations of traditional external / endplate temperature measurement which cannot detect temperatures in critical internal areas. This allows for early identification of hot spots within the stack, improving the safety of stack operation. In practical use, pressure monitoring covers key locations on both sides of the fuel cell stack, and temperature monitoring covers the cathode side of all individual cells, forming a full-dimensional embedded monitoring system that collaboratively acquires single-point temperature and voltage information. This provides new criteria for diagnosing faults such as flooding, membrane dryness, and undergassing, making up for the shortcomings of existing technologies in single monitoring and the existence of monitoring blind spots, and improving the comprehensiveness of fuel cell stack monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible pressure sensor arrangement of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible temperature sensor arrangement of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the combined pressure and temperature detection process for the fuel cell of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Monitoring platform; 2. Analysis unit; 3. Signal acquisition unit; 4. End plate; 5. First single cell; 6. Second single cell; 7. Pressure measurement module; 8. Temperature measurement module; 9. Third single cell; 10. First flexible pressure sensor; 11. Second flexible pressure sensor; 12. Third flexible pressure sensor; 13. Fourth flexible pressure sensor; 14. Fifth flexible pressure sensor; 15. Sixth flexible pressure sensor; 16. Membrane electrode; 17. Bolt hole; 18. First temperature sensor; 19. Second temperature sensor; 20. Third temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device, including a temperature monitoring component and a pressure monitoring component embedded in the fuel cell, and the temperature monitoring component and the pressure monitoring component are electrically connected to a control module disposed outside the fuel cell. The pressure monitoring component includes several pressure measurement modules 7 that are electrically connected to the control module. The pressure measurement modules 7 are respectively installed on the first single cell 5 and the second single cell 6 on both sides of the fuel cell. The temperature monitoring component includes several sets of temperature measurement modules 8, which are electrically connected to the control module. The temperature measurement modules 8 are located on the cathode plate side of each individual cell of the fuel cell.

[0021] This invention discloses an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device and method. The core structure consists of a temperature and pressure monitoring component and an external control module. Both the temperature and pressure monitoring components are embedded inside the fuel cell without destructive modification to the original fuel cell structure. Furthermore, the thin design of the flexible sensing module minimizes the impact on the original assembly method and flow channel structure of the fuel cell stack, facilitating engineering integration and adapting to practical fuel cell applications, thus demonstrating promising engineering application prospects. Both the temperature and pressure monitoring components are electrically connected to the external control module, enabling real-time acquisition, transmission, and processing of monitoring signals. This provides a continuous and reliable data source for fuel cell stack assembly quality assessment and operational status monitoring, laying the foundation for subsequent fault diagnosis. The pressure monitoring component consists of several pressure measurement modules. Each pressure measurement module 7 is precisely arranged on both sides of the fuel cell stack. By introducing flexible pressure sensing units inside the fuel cell stack, direct and fixed-point monitoring of fuel cell encapsulation pressure is achieved, realizing visualized direct monitoring of encapsulation pressure along the flow channel direction. This replaces traditional disposable consumables such as pressure-sensitive paper and provides accurate data for adjusting the torque of fuel cell stack bolts, effectively improving the consistency and reliability of fuel cell stack assembly and avoiding leakage and structural failure caused by insufficient or excessive local compression. The temperature monitoring component consists of several sets of temperature measurement modules 8, which are arranged on the cathode plate side of each fuel cell. It can truly and accurately reflect the local temperature changes of each cell inside the fuel cell stack, breaking through the limitation of traditional external / end plate 4 temperature measurement that cannot sense the temperature of key internal areas. This enables early identification of hot spots inside the fuel cell stack and improves the safety of fuel cell stack operation. In practical applications, pressure monitoring covers key locations on both sides of the fuel cell stack, while temperature monitoring covers the cathode side of all individual cells. This forms a comprehensive embedded monitoring system that collaboratively acquires single-point temperature and voltage information. This provides new criteria for diagnosing faults such as flooding, membrane dryness, and undergassing, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely on single monitoring and have blind spots, thus improving the comprehensiveness of fuel cell stack monitoring. This invention can achieve distributed monitoring of fuel cell stack packaging pressure along the flow channel without significantly altering the original assembly method and flow channel structure. It also allows for real-time sensing of local temperature anomalies during fuel cell stack operation, providing reliable data support for fuel cell stack assembly quality assessment, operational status monitoring, and fault diagnosis.

[0022] The scheme is further optimized. The control module includes a signal acquisition unit 3 and an analysis unit 2 that are electrically connected. The temperature measurement module 8 and the pressure measurement module 7 are electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit 3, and the analysis unit 2 is electrically connected to the monitoring platform 1. The signal acquisition unit 3 has multiple acquisition terminals. Each monitoring element of the pressure measurement module 7 and the temperature measurement module 8 is connected to the acquisition terminal of the signal acquisition unit 3 to receive the acquisition signals from each element. The signals are further processed and displayed by the analysis unit 2 and the monitoring platform 1, and the operation is adjusted based on the analysis results.

[0023] The fuel cell further optimizes the design by including two oppositely positioned and locked end plates 4. A first single cell 5 and a second single cell 6 abut against the opposite surfaces of the two end plates 4. Several layers of third single cells 9 are stacked between the first single cell 5 and the second single cell 6. The two end plates 4 serve as end frames on both sides of the fuel cell, and are locked together by several screws. The first single cell 5 and the second single cell 6 are attached to the end plates 4, and are fixed by screws passing through them. Several third single cells 9 are stacked between the first single cell 5 and the second single cell 6, and are also secured by screws passing through them. During assembly, the fuel cell is firmly assembled by locking the screws. A pressure measurement module 7 is positioned on the end faces of the first single cell 5 and the second single cell 6. By collecting multi-point contact pressure signals in real time and comparing them with reference pressure values, the module precisely adjusts the torque of the bolts at corresponding positions, providing guidance for the stack packaging and ensuring the pressure consistency of the single cells during assembly.

[0024] In a further optimized design, the pressure measurement module 7 includes a first flexible pressure sensor 10, a second flexible pressure sensor 11, a third flexible pressure sensor 12, a fourth flexible pressure sensor 13, a fifth flexible pressure sensor 14, and a sixth flexible pressure sensor 15 arranged around the membrane electrode 16 on the third single cell 9. The first flexible pressure sensor 10, the second flexible pressure sensor 11, the third flexible pressure sensor 12, the fourth flexible pressure sensor 13, the fifth flexible pressure sensor 14, and the sixth flexible pressure sensor 15 are electrically connected to the control module. The second flexible pressure sensor 11 and the third flexible pressure sensor 12 are located on the first side of the membrane electrode 16 and are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode 16. The fifth flexible pressure sensor 14 and the sixth flexible pressure sensor 15 are symmetrically arranged on the second side of the membrane electrode 16 and are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode 16. The membrane electrode 16 is mounted on the end face of the third single cell 9. A first flexible pressure sensor 10, a second flexible pressure sensor 11, a third flexible pressure sensor 12, a fourth flexible pressure sensor 13, a fifth flexible pressure sensor 14, and a sixth flexible pressure sensor 15 are arranged around the membrane electrode 16, focusing on the core reaction area of ​​the fuel cell. The monitored pressure data accurately reflects the contact pressure at the interface of the membrane electrode 16, and is correlated with key indicators such as MEA interface contact resistance and reactant transport performance. The array arrangement of multiple flexible sensors enables multi-point monitoring of the pressure around the membrane electrode 16, avoiding the limitations of single-point monitoring and improving the accuracy of pressure distribution monitoring. The second and third flexible pressure sensors form one group, and the fourth and fifth flexible pressure sensors form another group. These two groups of pressure sensors are located on opposite sides of the flow channel of the membrane electrode 16. Both groups of sensors are also arranged along the flow channel to ensure high uniformity of contact pressure along the long flow channel, avoiding non-uniform current density distribution caused by encapsulation, and effectively improving battery performance and durability.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, all flexible sensors have a thickness ≤0.3mm, a pressure-sensitive area diameter ≤6mm, a range of 0-20MPa, and a linearity ≥0.98. They are embedded between adjacent third single cells 9 to avoid affecting the sealing performance of the stack.

[0026] Further optimization of the design involves a series of bolt holes 17 drilled through the third single cell 9, arranged around the membrane electrode 16; several screws for anchoring the end plates 4 pass through the bolt holes 17. The presence of bolt holes 17 on the third single cell 9, along with the screws for locking the end plates 4, ensures accurate positioning of all single cells. Simultaneously, when the screws are tightened, adjacent single cells are pressed together, completing the assembly.

[0027] Further optimizing the design, the temperature measurement module 8 includes a first temperature sensor 18, a second temperature sensor 19, and a third temperature sensor 20 arranged on the cathode of each single cell. These sensors are electrically connected to the control module. The first temperature sensor 18, second temperature sensor 19, and third temperature sensor 20 are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode 16. The first temperature sensor 18, second temperature sensor 19, and third temperature sensor 20 are also arranged along the flow channel direction on the back side of the cathode plate to obtain the temperature at specific points in the single cell, reflecting local electrochemical reactions and thermal states.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, all temperature sensors have a thickness of ≤500μm, a thermally sensitive area diameter of ≤3mm, and a measurement temperature range of -40-125℃, covering the operating temperature of the fuel cell. Combined with the single-chip inspection voltage signal, it can accurately locate faults such as flooding, membrane dryness, and undergassing.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the flexible sensor employed is based on graft copolymer pressure-sensitive composite material and flexible device technology to achieve integrated pressure / temperature sensing that is "thin, flexible, and conformable." First, based on the high-Tg polyimide molecular structure design and toughening method, the problems of creep and drift of pressure-sensitive materials under long-term load and temperature / humidity environments are solved, resulting in a stable flexible sensitive substrate. Second, a graft copolymerization preparation method with strong chemical bonding interfaces is used to build a robust coupling at the multiphase interface, balancing high sensitivity and high stability, achieving a "fast, stable, and wide" calibrable pressure / temperature response. Finally, the integrated process and system design of the flexible pressure and temperature sensing module are realized, embedding it in narrow interlayers or complex curved surfaces, enabling continuous monitoring of local temperature and pressure changes during equipment operation.

[0030] This invention also discloses a detection method for an embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device, comprising the following steps: The fuel cell was assembled according to the design requirements. During the process, the contact pressure signal of the single cell on both sides of the fuel cell was collected through the pressure measurement module 7. The collected pressure signal is compared with the target pressure value. If there is an error, the locking structure at the corresponding position is adjusted until the pressure signal matches the target pressure signal, thus completing the high uniformity assembly of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is operated under rated conditions to establish a reference temperature distribution and cell voltage data. Then, it enters the online monitoring stage to continuously collect cell voltage and point temperature. Determine if there is any abnormality in the collected temperature signal. If there is no abnormality, continue running. If there is an abnormality, determine the fault type. Based on the fault diagnosis results, the location of the abnormal single cell in the fuel cell is identified and the operating conditions are optimized. Further determination is made as to whether shutdown maintenance is required. If so, the fuel cell is shut down and the process is terminated.

[0031] Further optimization of the scheme: in the fault diagnosis step, if the temperature distribution of a single cell remains unchanged but the voltage decreases, it corresponds to flooding; if the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a single cell increases and the voltage decreases, it corresponds to membrane dryness; if the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a single cell decreases and the voltage decreases, it corresponds to gas shortage.

[0032] See attached document Figure 4 As shown, the monitoring method of this invention is as follows: During the stack assembly stage, the contact pressure of each cell on both sides of the end plate 4 is collected and compared with the target pressure value. If they are inconsistent, the bolt torque near the corresponding sensor is adjusted iteratively to achieve high uniformity assembly of the stack. After assembly, the stack operates under rated conditions and establishes a reference temperature distribution and cell voltage data. Then, it enters the online monitoring stage, continuously collecting cell voltage and point temperature and judging whether the temperature signal is abnormal. If there is no abnormality, it continues to operate. If an abnormality occurs, the fault type is judged by combining the temperature distribution characteristics and voltage changes: if the temperature distribution remains basically unchanged but the voltage decreases, it corresponds to flooding; if the inlet and outlet temperature difference increases and the voltage decreases, it corresponds to membrane dryness; if the inlet and outlet temperature difference decreases and the voltage decreases, it corresponds to insufficient gas. Based on this, the abnormal cell location is located and the operating conditions are optimized. It is further judged whether shutdown maintenance is required. If so, the fuel cell shutdown is executed and the process ends.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0034] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device, characterized by: It includes a temperature monitoring component and a pressure monitoring component embedded in the fuel cell, wherein the temperature monitoring component and the pressure monitoring component are electrically connected to a control module disposed outside the fuel cell; The pressure monitoring component includes several pressure measurement modules (7) that are electrically connected to the control module. The pressure measurement modules (7) are respectively installed on the first single cell (5) and the second single cell (6) on both sides of the fuel cell. The temperature monitoring component includes several sets of temperature measurement modules (8) that are electrically connected to the control module. The temperature measurement modules (8) are located on the cathode plate side of each cell of the fuel cell.

2. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 1, wherein: The control module includes a signal acquisition unit (3) and an analysis unit (2) that are electrically connected. The temperature measurement module (8) and the pressure measurement module (7) are electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit (3) respectively, and the analysis unit (2) is electrically connected to the monitoring platform (1).

3. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 1, wherein: The fuel cell includes two oppositely arranged and locked end plates (4), the first single cell (5) and the second single cell (6) respectively abutting against the opposite surfaces of the two end plates (4); a plurality of third single cells (9) are stacked between the first single cell (5) and the second single cell (6).

4. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 3, wherein: The pressure measurement module (7) includes a first flexible pressure sensor (10), a second flexible pressure sensor (11), a third flexible pressure sensor (12), a fourth flexible pressure sensor (13), a fifth flexible pressure sensor (14), and a sixth flexible pressure sensor (15) arranged around the membrane electrode (16) on the third single cell (9). The first flexible pressure sensor (10), the second flexible pressure sensor (11), the third flexible pressure sensor (12), the fourth flexible pressure sensor (13), the fifth flexible pressure sensor (14), and the sixth flexible pressure sensor (15) are electrically connected to the control module.

5. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 4, wherein: The second flexible pressure sensor (11) and the third flexible pressure sensor (12) are located on the first side of the membrane electrode (16), and the second flexible pressure sensor (11) and the third flexible pressure sensor (12) are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode (16); the fifth flexible pressure sensor (14) and the sixth flexible pressure sensor (15) are symmetrically arranged on the second side of the membrane electrode (16), and the fifth flexible pressure sensor (14) and the sixth flexible pressure sensor (15) are arranged along the flow channel direction of the membrane electrode (16).

6. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 4, wherein: The third single cell (9) has several bolt holes (17) through it, and the bolt holes (17) are arranged around the membrane electrode (16); several screws for anchoring the two end plates (4) pass through the bolt holes (17).

7. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 4, wherein: The temperature measurement module (8) includes a first temperature sensor (18), a second temperature sensor (19) and a third temperature sensor (20) arranged on the cathode of each single cell. The first temperature sensor (18), the second temperature sensor (19) and the third temperature sensor (20) are electrically connected to the control module.

8. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature sensing device of claim 7, wherein: The first temperature sensor (18), the second temperature sensor (19) and the third temperature sensor (20) are arranged along the flow path of the membrane electrode (16).

9. A method for detecting pressure and temperature in an embedded fuel cell, based on the embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The fuel cell was assembled according to the design requirements. During the process, the contact pressure signal of the single cell on both sides of the fuel cell was collected through the pressure measurement module (7). The collected pressure signal is compared with the target pressure value. If there is an error, the locking structure at the corresponding position is adjusted until the pressure signal matches the target pressure signal, thus completing the high uniformity assembly of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is operated under rated conditions to establish a reference temperature distribution and cell voltage data. Then, it enters the online monitoring stage to continuously collect cell voltage and point temperature. Determine if there is any abnormality in the collected temperature signal. If there is no abnormality, continue running. If there is an abnormality, determine the fault type. Based on the fault diagnosis results, the location of the abnormal single cell in the fuel cell is identified and the operating conditions are optimized. Further determination is made as to whether shutdown maintenance is required. If so, the fuel cell is shut down and the process is terminated.

10. The embedded fuel cell pressure and temperature detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the fault diagnosis process, a decrease in voltage while the temperature distribution of a single cell remains unchanged corresponds to flooding; an increase in the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a single cell and a decrease in voltage correspond to membrane dryness; and a decrease in the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a single cell and a decrease in voltage correspond to gas shortage.

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