Battery pack

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery pack. The battery pack includes a battery module (3010) and two cover modules. The battery module (3010) includes multiple battery cells (0020), a battery holder (0050), and a liquid-limiting housing (0080). The liquid-limiting housing (0080) is a tubular structure and includes a peripheral wall (0090) that laterally surrounds a space (3032) in the battery pack and a first interlocking structure. The first interlocking structure is disposed at a vertical end of the liquid-limiting housing (0080). The cover module includes a second interlocking structure for mechanical connection with the first interlocking structure. The peripheral wall (0090) also includes a sealing element receiving structure (0220). The battery pack also includes a sealing element (0200) received in the sealing element receiving structure (0220). The cover module includes a cover sealing surface compression seal (0200). The mechanical connection between the first and second interlocking structures restricts the relative lateral displacement between the cover module and the liquid-limiting housing (0080) to maintain the compression state of the seal (0200) against lateral shear force.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 202511907134.6, filed on December 17, 2025, entitled "Battery Pack". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the integration of battery cells to form a device capable of both storing and releasing electrical energy. More specifically, the invention relates to a device assembled from battery cells, wherein all battery cells are immersed in a thermal management liquid during operation. Background Technology

[0003] Electricity has been widely used to power various modern machines. Throughout the lifecycle of electricity, including different stages such as generation, distribution, and consumption, how to temporarily store electricity and release it when needed is an important and necessary issue in electricity charging and discharging design.

[0004] A rechargeable battery cell is a device that converts electrical energy into chemical energy for storage during charging and converts chemical energy back into electrical energy during discharging. Depending on the application requirements, battery cells typically need to be integrated in various ways to meet the electrical performance parameters required by the application.

[0005] The integration of battery cells, also known as battery cell assembly, is generally considered a subsystem of electrical equipment. In this invention, "electrical equipment" can be considered as electrically driven machinery, a vehicle primarily powered by an electric motor, an energy storage system electrically connected to a power grid or power plant, or a computing machine containing information technology devices, circuit boards, and / or integrated circuit components for performing computational or information processing functions. Therefore, the integration of battery cell assembly with electrical equipment is also an important topic.

[0006] Furthermore, as is well known, the integration of battery cells not only requires consideration of electrical performance parameters, but also involves the implementation of thermal management systems and battery management systems.

[0007] In summary, achieving optimized integration of battery cells is a major challenge that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] 1. Technical issues

[0009] In liquid-cooled battery packs, especially those used in vehicles, the sealed interfaces between modules are subjected to significant mechanical stresses, such as vibration and lateral shear forces. Traditional sealing designs typically rely on the seals themselves (e.g., gaskets or adhesives) to resist these structural forces. However, when seals are subjected to shear stress, they may deform or displace, leading to seal failure and liquid leakage. Furthermore, the external piping systems commonly used to connect modules can introduce numerous potential leak points and increase assembly complexity. Therefore, a robust sealing architecture is needed to decouple structural loads from the sealing function within a tubular stack design.

[0010] 2. Technical means

[0011] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a battery pack comprising at least one battery module and two cover modules. The at least one battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, at least one battery holder, at least one battery connecting member, a liquid-limiting housing, and at least one modular power interface. Each battery cell has an electrode comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein at least a portion of the electrodes of the plurality of battery cells collectively defines an electrode surface. The at least one battery holder restricts the position of each battery cell and includes a plurality of battery housing structures distributed along a lateral direction, wherein a portion of the body of each battery cell is disposed in a corresponding battery housing structure. The at least one battery connecting member is electrically connected to the electrodes of the plurality of battery cells, wherein the at least one battery connecting member is disposed on the at least one battery holder and arranged on the electrode surface, and the at least one battery connecting member is mechanically connected to the at least one battery holder to restrict relative movement between the at least one battery connecting member and the at least one battery holder.

[0012] The liquid-limiting housing is a tubular structure comprising a peripheral wall and at least one first interlocking structure. The peripheral wall laterally surrounds a space and extends vertically from a first vertical end to a second vertical end, wherein the space accommodates the plurality of battery cells, the at least one battery holder, and the at least one battery connection member. The first vertical end and the second vertical end of the peripheral wall respectively define a first opening and a second opening. The at least one first interlocking structure is disposed at the first vertical end or the second vertical end of the liquid-limiting housing. The at least one modular power interface is electrically connected to the at least one battery connection member.

[0013] The two cover modules include at least one high-voltage interface connector, at least one interface liquid connector, at least one second interlocking structure, at least one cover body electrical interface, and at least one cover channel. The at least one high-voltage interface connector relays the power of the battery pack to a downstream load. The at least one interface liquid connector introduces or drains a thermal management liquid into or from the battery pack. The at least one second interlocking structure is mechanically connected to the first interlocking structure of the liquid-limiting housing to restrict relative displacement between the cover module and the at least one battery module. The at least one cover body electrical interface is electrically connected to the at least one high-voltage interface connector and the at least one modular power interface. The at least one cover channel is in fluid communication with the at least one interface liquid connector, the first opening of the liquid-limiting housing, and the second opening. The peripheral wall of the liquid-limiting housing of the at least one battery module is vertically stacked and assembled with the two cover modules to form a liquid-tight battery pack housing. The liquid-tight battery pack housing encloses a battery pack space to contain the thermal management liquid, such that the plurality of battery cells, the at least one battery holder, and the at least one battery connection member are immersed in the thermal management liquid.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the peripheral wall further includes a first wall surface, a second wall surface, and at least one sealing member receiving structure. The first wall surface is located at the first vertical end. The second wall surface is located at the second vertical end. The at least one sealing member receiving structure is located on the first wall surface or the second wall surface. The battery pack further includes a sealing member received in the at least one sealing member receiving structure. At least one of the two cover modules includes a cover sealing surface that compresses the sealing member. The mechanical connection between the at least one second interlocking structure and the at least one first interlocking structure restricts the relative lateral displacement between the cover module and the liquid-limiting housing to maintain the compressed state of the sealing member against lateral shear forces.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sealing element receiving structure further includes a sealing element positioning structure for restricting lateral movement of the sealing element within the sealing element receiving structure. The sealing element is an O-ring, a gasket, or a sealing adhesive. The peripheral wall comprises four sidewalls arranged to form a rectangular tubular structure.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack of the present invention includes a plurality of battery modules vertically stacked between the two cover modules, wherein a first interlocking structure of adjacent battery modules engages with each other, and the seal is compressed between adjacent battery modules to form a liquid-tight interface in a module stacking direction.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first interlocking structure includes a protruding member disposed on one of the first vertical end and the second vertical end, and a connecting member disposed on the other of the first vertical end and the second vertical end. The liquid-limiting housing is formed of an electrically insulating material. The seal surrounds the periphery of the first opening or the second opening, and the seal establishes a seal around the space and the peripheral wall to prevent leakage from the internal immersion chamber and any fluid passage formed in the sidewall.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the at least one high-voltage interface connector and the at least one interface liquid connector are disposed on the same cover module, thereby simplifying external pipeline connections. The battery pack of the present invention also includes an electrical interface module disposed on one of the two cover modules. The cover module includes an electrical channel extending between the battery pack space and the internal space of the electrical interface module. The cover electrical interface extends through the electrical channel to be electrically connected to the electrical interface module. The battery pack also includes a channel seal disposed within the electrical channel, which seals the gap between an inner wall of the electrical channel and the cover electrical interface, thereby hydraulically isolating the internal space of the electrical interface module from the battery pack space while maintaining electrical connectivity.

[0019] This invention provides a sealing architecture in which the structural load is substantially borne by an interlocking structure, while the seal is primarily maintained under controlled compression to improve seal durability, reduce the risk of liquid leakage, and is suitable for simplified tubeless stacking configurations of immersion-cooled battery packs.

[0020] 3. Beneficial effects

[0021] The battery pack of the present invention provides several significant technical advantages:

[0022] • Decoupling of shear and compressive forces: The main advantage lies in the synergistic relationship between the interlocking structure and the seal. The rigid interlocking structure absorbs lateral shear forces (e.g., from vehicle inertia or vibration), preventing these forces from being transmitted to the seal. Therefore, the seal only needs to withstand vertical compressive forces. Compared to designs where the seal also bears structural loads, this invention significantly extends the service life and reliability of the seal.

[0023] • Robust sealing for tubeless stacking: By directly incorporating the sealing housing structure into the wall of the tubular structure, the present invention enables direct, high-integrity sealing between stacked components (module to cover or module to module), eliminating the need for external hoses in the battery pack and fundamentally solving the leakage risk associated with complex external piping.

[0024] • Comprehensive leak prevention: In embodiments where the seal surrounds the periphery of the housing opening, it can create a seal around the internal battery space and the thickness of the surrounding wall to effectively prevent leakage from the main immersion chamber and any fluid channels integrated within the housing wall. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 The circuit diagram shows that the charging and discharging circuit (0040) includes a battery cell assembly (0010), a battery cell (0020), and a battery cell series (0030).

[0026] Figure 2A as well as Figure 2B A perspective view of a battery cell assembly (0010) according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2B This is an exploded view showing the battery holder (0050), the battery housing structure (0060), and the electrode surface (0024).

[0027] Figure 2C An exploded view of the battery cell assembly (0010) shows the battery connecting member (0026) and the battery holder (0050).

[0028] Figure 2D For schematic purposes, the plate hole (0029) of the battery connecting member (0026) is shown engaging with the vertical limiting structure (0070) of the battery holder (0050).

[0029] Figure 3A as well as Figure 3B This is a simplified 3D diagram showing the stacked configuration of two battery cell assemblies (0010). Figure 3A ) and side-by-side configuration ( Figure 3B ).

[0030] Figures 4A to 4C This is a top view of the tubular liquid-limiting housing (0080) and its peripheral wall (0090).

[0031] Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery cell assembly (0010) within the liquid-limiting housing (0080); Figure 5B The diagram shows a vertical explosion, including the top opening (0094), the bottom opening (0095), and two battery holders (0050).

[0032] Figure 6A The top view of the rectangular liquid-limiting shell (0080) is shown, with the side walls (0091) labeled as the east wall (0096), south wall (0097), west wall (0098), and north wall (0099).

[0033] Figure 6B The top view of the liquid-limiting housing (0080) shows the inner wall surface (0101), the outer wall surface (0106), the inner corner (0120), the outer corner (0125), the corner column (0130), and the side wall (0091).

[0034] Figure 6C The peripheral wall (0090) is composed of two parts surrounding the side wall.

[0035] Figure 6D The peripheral wall (0090) is composed of four independent side walls.

[0036] Figures 7A to 7C The top view of the liquid-limiting housing (0080) shows the battery holder stop structure (0140) and the inner boundary (0141) extending inward from the inner surface of the peripheral wall (0090). Figure 7C The battery cell assembly (0010) with battery holder (0050) and section line A-A' is shown.

[0037] Figure 7D For along Figure 7C A vertical cross-sectional view of section line A-A' shows the relative positions of the peripheral wall (0090), the battery holder stop structure (0140), and the space above and below the stop structure.

[0038] Figure 7E This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the liquid-limiting housing (0080), showing the battery holder stop structure (0140) located separately on the inner north wall (0105) of the north wall (0099).

[0039] Figures 8A to 8C Description of the battery holder fixing structure (0150) within the liquid-limiting housing (0080): Figure 8A This is a top view showing the battery holder fixing structure (0150) with fastener holes (0151). Figure 8B The top view shows the battery holder (0050) with fasteners (0152). Figure 8C For along Figure 8B A cross-sectional schematic diagram of section line B-B' shows the battery holder (0050), the battery holder stop structure (0140), and the fastener (0152).

[0040] Figure 9A as well as Figure 9B A three-dimensional schematic diagram of two battery cell assemblies (0010) stacked on top of each other.

[0041] Figure 10A This is a simplified diagram of a liquid-limiting housing (0080), showing the top wall surface (0160), the bottom wall surface (0170), the top interlocking structure (0180), and the bottom interlocking structure (0190).

[0042] Figure 10B A simplified diagram showing two liquid-limiting housings (0080) stacked on top of each other and interlocked with each other by an interlocking structure (0180, 0190).

[0043] Figure 11A as well as Figure 11B Showing the seal features located at the interface of the liquid-limiting housing (0080): Figure 11A Show the sealing element receiving structure (0220) and the sealing element positioning structure (0210); Figure 11B Shows a seal (0200), such as an O-ring, disposed in the seal receiving structure (0220).

[0044] Figure 12A The diagram shows a simplified view of a vertical wall channel (0230), which has a printed circuit board (PCB) for a battery monitoring device (0260) associated with a battery connection member (0026).

[0045] Figure 12B The vertical wall channel (0230) is shown with a conductive rod (0280).

[0046] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery pack (3030) that includes a battery module (3010), an end cap module (0040), and an interface module (3050).

[0047] Figure 14A as well as Figure 14B Conceptual diagram of the battery pack architecture: Figure 14A Multiple battery modules (3010) are stacked between the first and second interface modules (3050(a), 3050(b)), and have power interface modules (3060(a), 3060(b)) and high-voltage interface connectors (3063) at opposite vertical ends. Figure 14B The battery module is located between the end cap module (3040) and the interface module (3050), and has an energy interface module (3060) and two high-voltage interface connectors (3063) on the same vertical end, as well as a vertical wall channel (0230) sealed to form a vertical through hole with a conductor rod (0280).

[0048] Figure 15A as well as Figure 15B A schematic diagram illustrating the orientation relative to the gravity vector.

[0049] Figure 16A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery pack (3030).

[0050] Figure 16B This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery pack (3030).

[0051] Figure 16C This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery pack (3030).

[0052] Figure 16D This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery pack (3030).

[0053] Figure 16E This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery pack (3030).

[0054] Figure 17A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery cell assembly (0010) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 17B This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery cell assembly (0010) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 17C This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cover module proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 17D This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cover module proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery pack (3030) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 19A , Figure 19B as well as Figure 19C An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Figure 18 Other structures of the battery pack (3030).

[0060] Figure 20A as well as Figure 20B The fluid flow structure design of the battery pack is illustrated according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 21A as well as Figure 21B The diagram illustrates the flow direction of the thermal management fluid when the two interface fluid connectors are respectively located on two opposite cap modules. Figure 21C For the corresponding Figure 21A as well as Figure 21B A three-dimensional schematic diagram.

[0062] Figure 21D as well as Figure 21E The diagram illustrates the flow direction of the thermal management fluid when two interface fluid connectors are located on the same cover module. Figure 21F For corresponding Figure 21D as well as Figure 21E A three-dimensional schematic diagram.

[0063] Figure 22A as well as Figure 22B A perspective view of a battery pack (3030) is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 23 An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Figure 22B Partial exploded view of the battery pack (3030).

[0065] Figure 24A as well as Figure 24B According to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively illustrated Figure 22A Front and rear views of the cover module (3090(a)).

[0066] Figure 24C An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Figure 24B Rear view of cover module 3090(a) without the splitter (3109(a)), and Figure 24D An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Figure 24B A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the shunt (3109(a)).

[0067] Figure 25A as well as Figure 25B According to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively illustrated Figure 22B Front and rear views of the cover module (3090(b)).

[0068] Figure 25C An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Figure 25B The rear view of the cover module (3090(b)) without the shunt (3109(b)) is shown.

[0069] Figure 26A for Figure 23 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery module (3010). Figure 26B for Figure 23 Front view of the battery module (3010) Figure 27A For the corresponding Figure 26A A magnified view of the upper left corner area of ​​the battery module (3010). Figure 27B for Figure 26B A cross-sectional view of the battery module (3010) along section line C-C'. Figure 27C for Figure 26B An enlarged schematic diagram of region B.

[0070] Figure 28 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the upper left corner area of ​​the corresponding battery module (3010).

[0071] Figure 29A This is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack (3030). Figure 29B for Figure 29A A partial cross-sectional view of the battery pack (3030) along section line D-D'. Figure 29C as well as Figure 29D for Figure 29A A cross-sectional view of the battery pack (3030) along section line E-E'.

[0072] Figure 30B This is a 3D schematic diagram of battery holder 0050'. Figure 30A for Figure 26A The battery module (3010) and Figure 30B Assembly diagram of the battery holder (0050').

[0073] Figure 31A for Figure 30B A front view of the assembled battery module (3010) and battery holder (0050'). Figure 31B for Figure 31A A schematic diagram of the assembly cross section of the battery module (3010) and battery holder (0050') along section line F-F'.

[0074] Figure 32A for Figure 22B The battery pack (3030) is not displayed. Figure 23 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the liquid-limiting shell (0080). Figure 32B It is illustrated Figure 32A The electronic connection structure of the battery monitoring circuit (3110, 3120).

[0075] Figure 33 for Figure 32A as well as Figure 32B Circuit diagram of the battery cell (0020), battery monitoring circuit (3110) and battery sensing circuit (3111).

[0076] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0077] 0010: Battery cell assembly

[0078] 0020: Battery Unit

[0079] 0024: Electrode surface

[0080] 0025: Fuse Structure

[0081] 0026, 0026(a), 0026(b), 0026(c), 0026(d): Battery connection components

[0082] 0027: Battery contact plate

[0083] 0028: Current Transmission Board

[0084] 0029: Plate Hole

[0085] 0030: Battery cells in series

[0086] 0040: Charging and discharging circuit

[0087] 0050, 0050': Battery holder

[0088] 0051: Battery Area

[0089] 0052: Edge Zone

[0090] 0053: Airflow deflector

[0091] 00531: Extended Column

[0092] 00532: Extension Wall

[0093] 0054: Internal surface

[0094] 0056: Fixed plane

[0095] 0060: Battery housing structure

[0096] 0070: Vertical limiting structure

[0097] 0080: Liquid-limiting shell

[0098] 0081: Intrashell fluid flow

[0099] 0082: Battery holder fixing structure

[0100] 0083: Top wall surface

[0101] 0090: Surrounding walls

[0102] 0091: Sidewall

[0103] 0092: Vertical position at the top

[0104] 0093: Vertical position at the bottom

[0105] 0094: Top opening

[0106] 0095: Bottom opening

[0107] 0096: East Wall

[0108] 0097: South wall

[0109] 0098: West wall

[0110] 0099: North wall

[0111] 0101: Inner wall surface

[0112] 0102: Inner east wall

[0113] 0103: Inner south wall

[0114] 0104: Inner west wall

[0115] 0105: Inner north wall

[0116] 0106: Outer wall surface

[0117] 0107: Outer east wall

[0118] 0108: Outer south wall

[0119] 0109: Outer west wall

[0120] 0110: Outer north wall

[0121] 0120: Inner corner

[0122] 0121: Inner Northeast Corner

[0123] 0122: Inner Southeast Corner

[0124] 0123: Inner Southwest Corner

[0125] 0124: Inner Northwest Corner

[0126] 0125: Outside corner

[0127] 0126: Outer Northeast Corner

[0128] 0127: Outer Southeast Corner

[0129] 0128: Outer Southwest Corner

[0130] 0129: Outer Northwest Corner

[0131] 0130: Corner post

[0132] 0140: Battery holder stop structure

[0133] 0141: Inner Boundary

[0134] 0150: Battery holder fixing structure

[0135] 0151: Fastener hole

[0136] 0152: Fasteners

[0137] 0160: Top wall surface

[0138] 0170: Bottom wall surface

[0139] 0180: Top surface interlocking structure

[0140] 0190: Bottom interlocking structure

[0141] 0200: Seals

[0142] 0210: Sealing element positioning structure

[0143] 0220: Sealing element housing structure

[0144] 0230: Vertical Wall Passage

[0145] 0260: Battery monitoring device

[0146] 0271: Positive electrode

[0147] 0272: Negative electrode

[0148] 0280: Conductive rod

[0149] 3010, 3010(a), 3010(b), 3010(c), 3010(d), 3010(e), 3010(f): Battery modules

[0150] 3011: Battery Module Area

[0151] 3012: Module Interface Reference Lines

[0152] 3030: Battery Pack

[0153] 3030(a): Larger battery pack

[0154] 3031: Liquid-tight battery pack casing

[0155] 3032: Battery Pack Space

[0156] 3040: End Cap Module

[0157] 3050: Interface Module

[0158] 3050(a): First interface module

[0159] 3050(b): Second Interface Module

[0160] 3052: Interface module shell

[0161] 3054: Interface Module Space

[0162] 3060: Power Interface Module

[0163] 3060(a): First power interface module

[0164] 3060(b): Second power interface module

[0165] 3060(c): Third power interface module

[0166] 3061: Power Interface Module Space

[0167] 3063: High-voltage interface connector

[0168] 3063(a): First high-voltage interface connector

[0169] 3063(b): Second high-voltage interface connector

[0170] 3080: Circulation and heat exchange system

[0171] 3081: Liquid circulation pipe

[0172] 3082: Pump outlet

[0173] 3090(a), 3090(b): Cover module

[0174] 3091, 3091(a), 3091(b), 3091(c), 3091', 3091”: Interface Liquid Connector

[0175] 3092, 3092(a), 3092(b): Covering vertical channels

[0176] 3093: Cover module area

[0177] 3094: Inner cover surface

[0178] 3095, 3095(a), 3095(b): Vertical passage of the first cover

[0179] 3096, 3096(a), 3096', 3096(b): Covering the transverse channel

[0180] 30961: First transverse passage section

[0181] 30962: Second transverse passage section

[0182] 3097, 3097(a), 3097(b): Second cover vertical channel

[0183] 3098, 3098': Vertical channel of module wall

[0184] 3098(a): Vertical channel of the first module wall

[0185] 3098(b): Vertical passageway of the second module wall

[0186] 3098(c): Vertical passageway of the third module wall

[0187] 30981: Sealing structure

[0188] 3099, 3099(a), 3099(b): Module wall transverse channel

[0189] 3101: Vertical flow of the first proximal end cap

[0190] 3102: Lateral flow near the endcap

[0191] 3103: Vertical flow of the second proximal end cap

[0192] 3104: Vertical Flow of Module Wall

[0193] 3104(a): Vertical flow of the first module wall

[0194] 3104(b): Vertical flow through the second module wall

[0195] 3104(c): Vertical flow through the third module wall

[0196] 3105: Lateral Flow of Module Wall

[0197] 3106: Second remote cover vertical flow

[0198] 3107: Remote Cover Lateral Flow

[0199] 3108: First remote cover vertical flow

[0200] 3109(a), 3109(b): Shunt

[0201] 31091(a), 3109(b): Split ports

[0202] 3110, 3120: Battery monitoring circuit

[0203] 3111, 3121: Battery sensing circuit

[0204] 3130: Switch

[0205] 3140: Heating module

[0206] 3141: Temperature sensor

[0207] 3150: Electrical safety devices

[0208] 3160: Vertical Stacking Connector

[0209] 3162: Vertical Interface Connector

[0210] 3163: Circuit Board Interface

[0211] W2: Constant distance

[0212] H1, H3, H4: Height

[0213] F1: Inflow Direction

[0214] F2: Outflow direction

[0215] Dfs: Flow direction

[0216] d m Minimum distance

[0217] d l Ds, Dc, Df, Da: Distance

[0218] D LO :direction

[0219] D LA Horizontal direction Detailed Implementation

[0220] Before further describing the invention, it should be noted that, where appropriate, reference numerals used repeatedly in the figures refer to corresponding or similar components that may selectively have similar features.

[0221] To facilitate the description of this invention, directional terms (e.g., front, back, left, right, top, bottom, etc.) may be used in the specification and claims to describe parts of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, these directional definitions are only used to assist in describing and defining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

[0222] The following disclosure contains specific information relating to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The accompanying drawings and detailed disclosure are only illustrative of exemplary embodiments. However, the invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Other variations and embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise stated, the same or corresponding components in the drawings may be represented by the same or corresponding reference numerals. Furthermore, the drawings and illustrations in this invention are generally not drawn to scale and do not necessarily correspond to actual relative dimensions.

[0223] For the purposes of consistency and ease of understanding, similar features are identified by numbers in the exemplary figures (although not shown in some examples). However, features in different implementations may differ in other respects, and therefore should not be narrowly limited to what is shown in the figures.

[0224] The terms "an embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," "various embodiments," "partial embodiments," or "an embodiment of the invention" used in this specification indicate that embodiments of the invention may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but do not necessarily mean that all possible embodiments of the invention necessarily include such features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, the repeated use of terms such as "in one embodiment," "in an exemplary embodiment," or "a particular embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but may refer to the same embodiment in some cases. In addition, when the term "embodiment" is mentioned in relation to "embodiments of the invention," it is not intended to limit all embodiments to including the specific features, structures, or characteristics, but should be understood as meaning that "at least some embodiments" include the stated features, structures, or characteristics. In this invention, the term "connection" is defined as a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components, and is not necessarily limited to a physical connection. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in this invention means "including but not limited to," explicitly indicating an open-ended coverage that allows for other equivalents not expressly listed members, combinations, groups, or series.

[0225] Furthermore, to provide a non-limiting explanation, specific details, such as functional entities, technologies, protocols, and standards, are set forth in this invention to aid in understanding its technical content. In other instances, known methods, technologies, systems, architectures, and other details have not been elaborated to avoid obscuring the core content of the invention with unnecessary details.

[0226] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the charging / discharging circuit 0040. (For example...) Figure 1 As shown, the charge / discharge circuit 0040 includes a battery cell assembly (BCA) 0010. The battery cell assembly 0010 is used to meet the electrical performance requirements of the application, such as target output voltage, current, or power. To achieve this, battery cells can be integrated, for example, assembled into the battery cell assembly 0010, to provide battery integration performance.

[0227] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the battery cell assembly 0010 may include one or more battery cell strings (BCS) 0030 connected in parallel with each other. The number of batteries connected in parallel in the battery cell strings 0030 determines the overall output current of the battery cell assembly 0010. Furthermore, each battery cell string 0030 may include one or more battery cells (BC) 0020 connected in series with each other. The number of battery cells 0020 connected in series in each battery cell string 0030 determines the overall output voltage of the battery cell string 0030 and the battery cell assembly 0010.

[0228] The charging / discharging circuit 0040 can be connected to an energy source, such as a charging station, to charge the battery cell assembly 0010. The charging / discharging circuit 0040 can also be connected to an energy-consuming end, such as the main power unit of an electric vehicle, to drive the main power unit.

[0229] In some embodiments (in) Figure 1 (Not shown in the image) The charging / discharging circuit 0040 may include multiple battery cell components 0010 to meet specific design considerations, such as the manufacturing and / or assembly process of the charging / discharging circuit 0040 itself, or the assembly design considerations for the charging / discharging circuit 0040 and electrical equipment.

[0230] Please refer to again Figure 1 Depending on the technology used, the battery cell 0020 can have different specifications in terms of shape, electrical performance (e.g., output voltage, current, power, charging rate, discharging rate, or operating temperature), materials, and other characteristics. For example, the battery cell 0020 can be packaged in different battery packaging forms such as cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch cells. In this invention, unless specifically indicated, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical features disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to a specific type of battery cell 0020.

[0231] As a basic component for converting electrical energy and chemical energy, the battery cell 0020 may include a positive electrode and a negative electrode as an interface between (1) the charging and discharging circuit 0040 connected to the battery cell 0020 and (2) the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material encapsulated in the battery cell 0020.

[0232] Furthermore, as the basic energy storage unit of the battery cell assembly 0010 and the charging / discharging circuit 0040, the battery cells 0020 must be electrically connected to each other. Regardless of whether the battery cells 0020 are cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch-shaped, the electrodes of the battery cells 0020 are typically located at the top, bottom, or both ends of the battery cell 0020 body. In this case, the battery cells 0020 are typically structurally aligned side-by-side, such that the electrodes of each battery cell 0020 are approximately arranged on the same plane. Therefore, the battery cell assembly 0010 body may include at least one electrode surface 0024, on which the electrodes of the battery cells 0020 are disposed.

[0233] In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly 0010 may include a battery-cell-connecting member (BCCM) 0026, which is an electrical conductor for connection to the electrodes of the battery cell 0020. The battery cells 0020 can be connected in series or in parallel with each other via the battery-cell-connecting member 0026. For example, a plate-shaped conductor may be disposed on the electrode surface 0024 to connect the electrodes of the battery cell 0020.

[0234] In this invention, when direction is involved, the terms "lateral" and "laterally" refer to the direction within the electrode arrangement plane of the battery cells 0020 in the battery cell assembly 0010, and specifically to the direction parallel to straight lines on a plane where the battery cells 0020 are arranged side-by-side within the battery cell assembly 0010. In the accompanying drawings, the lateral direction may be indicated as a direction parallel to straight lines in the yz plane. "Top view" refers to a cross-sectional perspective from the +x-axis direction to the -x-axis direction.

[0235] In this invention, "vertical" and "perpendicularly" refer to a direction that is not a "lateral direction" and is orthogonal to "any lateral direction". According to this definition, the electrodes of the battery cell 0020 are typically disposed at at least one vertical end of the battery cell 0020 body. In the accompanying drawings of this invention, the vertical direction refers to the x-axis direction.

[0236] For example, please refer to Figure 2A and Figure 2B It may be a perspective view of one embodiment of the battery cell assembly 0010 (not showing all components of the battery cell assembly 0010), wherein Figure 2B for Figure 2A An explosion diagram. (From) Figure 2A as well as Figure 2B In this design, the main body of battery cell 0020 can extend along the vertical direction (i.e., the x-axis direction). Furthermore, the vertical axis of battery cell 0020 is parallel to the x-axis direction, and battery cells 0020 are aligned side-by-side on the yz plane.

[0237] To integrate battery cells 0020 in a mechanism or structure, in some embodiments, battery cell assembly 0010 may include at least one battery holder 0050, whose primary function is to restrict the position of each battery cell 0020 in a specific configuration. For example, restricting the position of the battery cell 0020 may include: (1) restricting the relative position of a particular battery cell 0020 with respect to other battery cells 0020 belonging to the same battery cell assembly 0010; and (2) restricting the relative position of a particular battery cell 0020 with respect to the body of the battery cell assembly 0010. For example, as... Figure 2A As shown, a portion of the body of each battery cell 0020 can be disposed within the corresponding battery housing structure 0060 of the battery holder 0050. The battery housing structure 0060 is periodically distributed laterally. Therefore, when the battery cell 0020 is placed into the battery housing structure 0060, the battery cells 0020 can be periodically distributed laterally.

[0238] In some embodiments, the battery holder 0050 may include a vertical limiting structure 0070 to restrict vertical movement of the battery cells 0020. The bodies and electrodes of all battery cells 0020 may be aligned in the same vertical position to form the electrode surface 0024 of the battery cell assembly 0010. For example, as... Figure 2A As shown, the battery cell assembly 0010 includes electrode surfaces 0024 on both sides of the x-axis.

[0239] In some embodiments, adhesives may be used to provide a positional restraint function. For example, once the battery unit 0020 is placed in the support hole of the battery holder 0050, the battery unit 0020 may be further secured with adhesive.

[0240] In some embodiments, for electrically integrating the battery cell 0020, the battery cell assembly 0010 may include a battery connection member 0026 located on the electrode surface 0024. Furthermore, the battery cell assembly 0010 may include a mechanism configured to maintain a relative static position between the electrode surface 0024 and the battery connection member 0026. For example, when the battery cell 0020 is mechanically secured via a battery holder 0050, the battery connection member 0026 may be mechanically connected to the battery holder 0050.

[0241] For example, please see Figure 2C This is an exploded view of a battery cell assembly 0010 according to an embodiment of the present invention (battery cells and some components are not shown). The battery cell assembly 0010 includes a battery holder 0050 and a battery connecting member 0026. The battery connecting member 0026 is a plate-shaped structure made of conductive material, and is disposed on the battery holder 0050 and on the electrode surface 0024 of the battery cell assembly 0010.

[0242] In some embodiments, the battery connection member 0026 may include a battery contact plate 0027 and a current transmission plate 0028.

[0243] The battery contact plate 0027 can directly contact the electrodes of the battery cell, and its connection method can be welding, crimping, fastening, or using conductive adhesive. In addition, in some cases, the battery contact plate 0027 may include a fusible link 0025 to melt and break in case of current overload.

[0244] The current transmission plate 0028 can transmit the integrated current of multiple battery cells 0020. To achieve this, the current transmission plate 0028 may have a greater thickness than the battery contact plate 0027. Furthermore, the current transmission plate 0028 may have better conductivity than the battery contact plate 0027. For example, the battery contact plate 0027 may be a nickel plate, while the current transmission plate 0028 may be a copper plate.

[0245] In some embodiments, the battery connecting member 0026 may include a structure for disposing the battery connecting member 0026 in the battery holder 0050. For example, the battery connecting member 0026 may include a protrusion to engage with the hollow structure of the battery holder 0050. Alternatively, the battery connecting member 0026 may include a hole to engage with the protrusion of the battery holder 0050. For example, such as... Figures 2C to 2D As shown, the battery connection member 0026 includes a plate hole 0029 for engaging with a vertical limiting structure 0070 of the battery holder 0050. The vertical limiting structure 0070 passes through the plate hole 0029 of the battery connection member 0026 to restrict the relative movement of the battery connection member 0026 with respect to the battery holder 0050, for example, restricting the lateral and vertical movement of the battery connection member 0026 with respect to the battery holder 0050. In various embodiments, the mechanical connection can be achieved through interference fits, snap-fit ​​fits, fasteners, or geometric interlocking features (such as the hole-and-pin fit described in this invention).

[0246] Figure 3A and Figure 3B A perspective view of two battery cell assemblies 0010 integrated. Depending on the available space for electrical equipment required to install the battery cell assemblies 0010, the battery cell assemblies 0010 can be integrated in a stacked or side-by-side manner. For example, as... Figure 3A As shown, the battery cell assembly 0010 is integrated in a stacked manner, suitable for configuration in narrow spaces, such as the front and rear compartments of a passenger vehicle. In another embodiment, as... Figure 3B As shown, the battery cell assembly 0010 is integrated in a side-by-side manner, suitable for placement in spaces with a wide width but limited height, such as the space below the dashboard of a passenger vehicle.

[0247] In this invention, "vertical" and "vertically" also refer to the stacking direction of the battery cell assembly 0010 integrated in a stacked manner. For example, as Figure 3A As shown, the stacked battery cell assembly 0010 is stacked along the vertical direction (i.e., the x-axis direction).

[0248] To prevent thermal runaway events, it is necessary to maintain the operating temperature of battery cell assembly 0010 and battery cell 0020. It is known that battery cell 0020 can be in direct contact with a thermal management liquid to transfer heat energy via the liquid, thereby maintaining the operating temperature of battery cell 0020 within a predetermined range or preventing combustion reactions. For example, battery cell assembly 0010 or battery cell 0020 can be partially or completely immersed in the thermal management liquid. When battery cell assembly 0010 is completely submerged, battery cell assembly 0010 and other components to be integrated with it can directly contact the thermal management liquid, thus achieving better thermal management performance.

[0249] To immerse the battery cell assembly 0010 in the thermal management fluid, the battery cell assembly 0010 may be integrated with a liquid-limiting casing (LLC) 0080 to restrict the flow of the thermal management fluid. For example, in a space described by a Cartesian coordinate system, the displacement or velocity of a given volume of thermal management fluid can be described by a vector, which may consist of coefficients multiplied by the components of a unit vector in the x, y, or z-axis directions. The liquid-limiting casing 0080 may include structures that restrict the flow of the thermal management fluid in at least some of these six directions to maintain the relative position of the battery cell assembly 0010 in the thermal management fluid immersion state.

[0250] In some embodiments, impermeable materials can be used to form a structure that completely or partially encloses the thermal management fluid, thereby restricting the movement of the thermal management fluid in all or some directions. For example, the fluid-limiting housing 0080 can be designed as a tubular structure with two openings, such as a triangular, square, or circular tube. The tubular fluid-limiting housing 0080 may include a peripheral wall 0090 (in other words, a circumferential wall).

[0251] In some embodiments, the peripheral wall of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include an impermeable membrane to restrict the flow of the thermal management liquid.

[0252] In some embodiments, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include a rigid structure, such as an impermeable wall, to restrict the flow of the thermal management liquid.

[0253] For example, Figures 4A to 4C This is a top view of the tubular liquid-limiting housing 0080. In other examples, the transverse view (i.e., the top view) of the tubular structure may have an asymmetrical geometry. Figures 4A to 4CIn the depiction, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include a peripheral wall 0090 that laterally surrounds the space. The peripheral wall 0090 may extend vertically, i.e., along... Figures 4A to 4C The x-axis direction. Therefore, the three-dimensional space surrounded by the liquid-limiting housing 0080 can be used to accommodate the thermal management liquid, the battery cell assembly 0010, and some components to be integrated with the battery cell assembly 0010. Due to the impermeability of the peripheral wall 0090, the thermal management liquid contained in the liquid-limiting housing 0080 can only move in the vertical direction.

[0254] Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B This is a perspective view of a battery cell assembly 0010 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Not all components of the battery cell assembly 0010 are shown in the figure, but the structural design of immersing the battery cell assembly 0010 in a thermal management liquid is clearly described. For example, Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B Battery cell 0020 is not shown in the image.

[0255] Figure 5B for Figure 5A A diagram illustrating an explosion in the vertical direction. Figure 5A as well as Figure 5B In the illustrated embodiment, the battery cell assembly 0010 may include two battery holders 0050 for integration with the battery cell 0020 (not shown). The battery holders 0050, the battery cell 0020, and other components not shown that are intended to be integrated with the battery cell assembly 0010 may be disposed within the space surrounded by the liquid-limiting housing 0080.

[0256] In embodiments where the liquid-limiting housing 0080 forms a tubular structure, the peripheral wall 0090 may be formed of a material extending vertically between a top vertical position 0092 and a bottom vertical position 0093. At the top vertical position 0092, the inner edge of the peripheral wall 0090 defines a top opening 0094 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080; at the bottom vertical position 0093, the inner edge of the peripheral wall 0090 defines a bottom opening 0095 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. The top opening 0094 and the bottom opening 0095 serve as access channels to the space surrounded by the peripheral wall 0090. Components to be disposed within the liquid-limiting housing 0080, such as a battery cell 0020, a battery holder 0050, and other components, can be inserted into the internal space of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 through at least one of the top opening 0094 and the bottom opening 0095.

[0257] For example, in Figure 5BIn the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral wall 0090 extends between the top vertical position 0092 and the bottom vertical position 0093. The vertical length (i.e., height) of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 is equal to the vertical distance H1 between the top vertical position 0092 and the bottom vertical position 0093. Two battery holders 0050 can be respectively disposed within the space surrounded by the peripheral wall 0090 through the top opening 0094 and the bottom opening 0095.

[0258] In embodiments where the liquid-limiting housing 0080 forms a rectangular tubular structure, the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may further include four side walls 0091 arranged in a ring around a vertical axis and parallel to the vertical axis. For example, Figure 6A This is a top view of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. The liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include four side walls 0091, namely the east wall 0096, south wall 0097, west wall 0098, and north wall 0099 arranged around the vertical axis.

[0259] In some embodiments, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may be formed by a one-piece molding process, such as injection molding or die casting, or it may be machined by a lathe.

[0260] Please see Figures 6A to 6B In an embodiment where the liquid-limiting housing 0080 forms a rectangular tubular structure, the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include four inner corners 0120 and four outer corners 0125. The four inner corners 0120 may include: inner northeast corner 0121, inner southeast corner 0122, inner southwest corner 0123, and inner northwest corner 0124. The four outer corners 0125 may include: outer northeast corner 0126, outer southeast corner 0127, outer southwest corner 0128, and outer northwest corner 0129.

[0261] In some embodiments, each sidewall may include an inner wall surface 0101 and an outer wall surface 0106. The outer wall surface 0106 of each sidewall 0091 may be a plane extending between the two outer corners of the corresponding sidewall 0091. For example, in Figure 6B In the middle, the east wall 0096 includes the outer east wall 0107, extending from the outer northeast corner 0126 to the outer southeast corner 0127; the south wall 0097 includes the outer south wall 0108, extending from the outer southeast corner 0127 to the outer southwest corner 0128; the west wall 0098 includes the outer west wall 0109, extending from the outer southwest corner 0128 to the outer northwest corner 0129; the north wall 0099 includes the outer north wall 0110, extending from the outer northwest corner 0129 to the outer northeast corner 0126.

[0262] Furthermore, the inner wall surface 0101 of each sidewall 0091 can be a plane, extending between the two interior corners of the corresponding sidewall 0091. For example, in Figure 6BIn the middle, the east wall 0096 includes the inner east wall 0102, extending from the inner northeast corner 0121 to the inner southeast corner 0122; the south wall 0097 includes the inner south wall 0103, extending from the inner southeast corner 0122 to the inner southwest corner 0123; the west wall 0098 includes the inner west wall 0104, extending from the inner southwest corner 0123 to the inner northwest corner 0124; and the north wall 0099 includes the inner north wall 0105, extending from the inner northwest corner 0124 to the inner northeast corner 0121.

[0263] In some embodiments, the peripheral wall 0090 may be assembled from individual components. For example, in Figure 6B In the liquid-limiting housing 0080, four corner posts 0130 are included. These four corner posts 0130 are independent components assembled with the side walls 0091 (east wall 0096, south wall 0097, west wall 0098, and north wall 0099) to form the peripheral wall 0090. In other embodiments, such as... Figure 6C As shown, the peripheral wall 0090 can be assembled from two partially surrounding sidewalls. In other embodiments, such as Figure 6D As shown, the peripheral wall 0090 can be assembled from four independent side walls 0091.

[0264] In some embodiments, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include a structure integrating the battery holder 0050 and the liquid-limiting housing 0080. In embodiments where the liquid-limiting housing 0080 forms a tubular structure (e.g., ...), ... Figures 4A to 4C As shown, the battery holder 0050 can be disposed within the space surrounded by the liquid-limiting housing 0080 through the top opening 0094 or the bottom opening 0095 at both ends of the tubular structure. The liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include at least one battery holder stop structure 0140, which extends laterally inward from one of the inner surfaces of the peripheral wall 0090.

[0265] The vertical relative positions of the inner surfaces of the peripheral wall 0090 and the vertical dimensions of the battery holder stop structure 0140 define the vertical depth (vertical range) that the battery holder 0050 can reach within the space enclosed by the liquid-limiting housing. Therefore, this lateral structure (i.e., the battery holder stop structure 0140) can limit the vertical movement of the battery holder 0050 within the space surrounded by the peripheral wall 0090 by applying a vertical force to the battery holder 0050.

[0266] For example, Figures 7A to 7E This is a schematic diagram of a battery cell assembly 0010 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 7A to 7C This is a top view of battery cell assembly 0010. Figure 7AIn the battery cell assembly 0010, a liquid-limiting housing 0080 is included, which includes a peripheral wall 0090 and four side walls 0091. The liquid-limiting housing 0080 may also include a battery holder stop structure 0140 extending laterally inward from the inner surface of the peripheral wall 0090. Each battery holder stop structure 0140 may include an inner boundary 0141. The lateral cross-section (top view) of the inner boundary 0141 may be a line on a lateral plane. Figure 7A In the illustrated embodiment, each inner boundary 0141 can be a plane, parallel to the sidewall where the battery holder stop structure 0140 is provided; the transverse cross-section of the inner boundary 0141 is a straight line along the y-axis. Figure 7A In this context, the maximum distance between the inner boundary 0141 and the inner surface of the side wall 0091 where the battery holder stop structure 0140 is located is a constant, for example, its constant distance can be W2.

[0267] In other embodiments, the inner boundary 0141 may be non-planar, meaning the distance between the inner boundary 0141 and the inner surface of the sidewall 0091 where the battery holder stop structure 0140 is located is not constant. For example, in Figure 7B In the middle, the inner boundary 0141 is a curved surface, and the transverse section of the inner boundary 0141 is a curve on the transverse plane.

[0268] It should be noted that the inner wall surface 0101 of the peripheral wall 0090 can be curved, its shape conforming to the curved periphery of the battery holder 0050 or the curved periphery of the battery cell 0020. Because the inner wall surface 0101 is curved, conforming to the curved periphery of the battery holder 0050 or the battery cell 0020, the volume of the battery module can be reduced. The curved inner wall surface 0101 can also serve as a guide structure when the battery holder 0050 is placed into the liquid-limiting housing 0080 during the battery module assembly process.

[0269] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7B As shown, the curved inner boundary 0141 of the battery holder stop structure 0140 provides additional space to accommodate components of the battery cell assembly 0010, such as battery cell 0020 or other components. In some embodiments, the lateral section radius of the curved portion of the inner boundary 0141 may be greater than or equal to the lateral section radius of the battery cell 0020. Therefore, the battery cell 0020 may be disposed within the space partially surrounded by the curved inner boundary 0141.

[0270] Figure 7C A battery cell assembly 0010 is illustrated as an example. The battery cell assembly 0010 may include a battery holder 0050 disposed within the space surrounded by the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. The dashed lines A-A' correspond to... Figure 7D The cross-sectional schematic diagram shown.

[0271] Figure 7D For along Figure 7C A schematic diagram of a vertical cross-section along the dashed line A-A'. The battery cell assembly 0010 may include a liquid-limiting housing 0080, which includes a peripheral wall 0090, two battery holders 0050, and two battery holder stop structures 0140 (only one is shown). The battery holder stop structure 0140 is located on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 0090, and the middle portion of the battery holder stop structure 0140 is aligned vertically with the middle portion of the peripheral wall 0090.

[0272] In some embodiments, the vertical length (height) of the battery holder stop structure 0140 may be less than the height of the peripheral wall 0090; therefore, the height difference between the battery holder stop structure 0140 and the peripheral wall 0090 provides space to accommodate the battery holder 0050. For example, in Figure 7D In the design, the height of the battery holder stop structure 0140 is H4, and the height of the peripheral wall 0090 is H1. The difference between H1 and H4 is equal to twice H3. Therefore, the battery holder 0050 can be accommodated between the top opening 0094 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 and the battery holder stop structure 0140, with a spatial height of H3. The battery holder 0050 can also be disposed between the bottom opening 0095 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 and the battery holder stop structure 0140, with a spatial height of H3.

[0273] In some embodiments, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include a battery holder stop structure 0140 disposed on the inner surface of the sidewall 0091 and independently disposed therefrom. For example, in Figure 7E In the middle, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include a north wall surface 0099 and two battery holder stop structures 0140 disposed on the inner north wall surface 0105.

[0274] In some embodiments, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include at least one battery holder fixing structure 0150 for providing mechanical fixation to limit the displacement of the battery holder 0050 in various directions. For example, in Figure 8A In this embodiment, the liquid-limiting housing 0080, viewed from above, may include four battery holder fixing structures 0150 extending from the inner wall surface 0101 of the peripheral wall 0090. In this embodiment, the battery holder fixing structure 0150 may include fastener holes 0151 to restrict relative movement between the liquid-limiting housing 0080 and the battery holder 0050 via fasteners. In some embodiments, the battery holder fixing structure 0150 differs from the battery holder stop structure in several aspects, such as shape, lateral position, and vertical position.

[0275] Please refer to Figure 8B This is a top view of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. Figure 8BIn this configuration, the battery holder 0050 is disposed within the space formed by the peripheral wall of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. The liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include four fasteners 0152, which pass vertically through the battery holder 0050 and are fixed to the battery holder fixing structure 0150 (at... Figure 8B (Not shown in the text).

[0276] Please refer to Figure 8C , it is Figure 8B A schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 along the dashed line B-B'. (See diagram below.) Figure 8C As shown, the battery holder stop structure 0140 stops the battery holder 0050 in the vertical direction and fixes the battery holder 0050 to the liquid limiting housing 0080 by fastener 0152.

[0277] Please refer to Figure 9A as well as Figure 9B It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of two battery cell components stacked on top of each other.

[0278] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10A As shown, the liquid limiting housing 0080 may include a top wall surface 0160 and a bottom wall surface 0170 located at the vertical end of the liquid limiting housing 0080, and the top wall surface 0160 and the bottom wall surface 0170 may be the transverse surfaces of the vertical end of the liquid limiting housing 0080.

[0279] In some embodiments, the top wall surface 0160 and the bottom wall surface 0170 may include complementary locking features to resist lateral shear forces when vertically stacked. For example, the top wall surface 0160 may include at least one top interlocking structure 0180, and the bottom wall surface 0170 may include at least one bottom interlocking structure 0190, such as... Figure 10A As shown. The top interlocking structure 0180 and the bottom interlocking structure 0190 can be positioned laterally so that when the two liquid-limiting housings 0080 are stacked vertically (e.g. Figure 10B As shown, the top interlocking structure 0180 and the bottom interlocking structure 0190 combine to provide a lateral force to limit the relative displacement between the stacked liquid-limiting housings 0080. For example, the pair of top interlocking structures 0180 and bottom interlocking structures 0190 can be a protruding member and a connecting member.

[0280] Please refer to Figure 11A as well as Figure 11BIn some embodiments, at least one of the top wall surface 0160 and the bottom wall surface 0170 may include at least one sealing member receiving structure 0220 to provide space for accommodating a seal disposed at the interface of the two liquid-limiting housings 0080, thereby preventing liquid leakage from the interface of the two liquid-limiting housings 0080. For example, the seal may be an O-ring or an adhesive material. In some embodiments, at least one of the top wall surface 0160 and the bottom wall surface 0170 may further include at least one sealing member positioning structure 0210 for limiting lateral movement of the seal 0200. For example, such as Figure 11A as well as Figure 11B As shown, the seal positioning structure 0210 can be a gap used to provide a lateral force to limit the lateral movement of the seal 0200. Figure 11B As shown, the seal 0200 can be filled into the space provided by the seal receiving structure 0220 to produce a sealing effect.

[0281] In some embodiments, the peripheral wall 0090 may include a vertical wall channel 0230, which is a hollow space within the peripheral wall 0090. The vertical wall channel 0230 may be a through-hole penetrating the peripheral wall 0090. The vertical wall channel 0230 can be used to house a printed circuit board of a battery monitoring device 0260, which is signal-connected to the battery connection member 0026 of the battery cell assembly 0010, such as... Figure 12A As shown. The vertical wall channel 0230 can be used to accommodate the conductor rod 0280, which is used to ensure that the positive electrode 0271 and the negative electrode 0272 are both located on the same vertical end of the battery cell assembly 0010, as shown. Figure 12B As shown.

[0282] As disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 221,417, the vertical wall channel 0230 provides a vertical flow path for vertical liquid flow. For example, the vertical wall channel 0230 may refer to the inlet channel and outlet channel disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 221,417.

[0283] In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly 0010 may be integrated with other components to form a battery module (BM) 3010. For example, the battery module 3010 may be a battery module assembled from the battery cell assembly 0010 and other components (such as a liquid-limiting housing 0080, a heat dissipation assembly, battery management circuitry, and other components). The manufacture of the battery module 3010 is typically an intermediate step in the production of the entire system. That is, the battery module 3010 can be considered as an intermediate building block for forming a higher-order energy storage system, and the battery module 3010 may also be integrated from a more basic building block (i.e., the battery cell 0020). Therefore, the battery module 3010 may include a modular interface for modular integration with other battery modules 3010 or larger systems. For example, the battery module 3010 may include a modular-electric-energy-interface (MEEI) 3020 for providing electrical connections between energy transfer (charging or discharging). The modular power interface 3020 can be an electrode or connector disposed on the battery module 3010. For example, the modular power interface 3020 can be a conductor to directly contact one of the current conducting plates 0028 of the first battery module 3010, or it can directly contact one of the current conducting plates 0028 of the second battery cell assembly 0010, thereby establishing an electrical connection between the two battery modules 3010.

[0284] For example, battery module 3010 may include a heat dissipation component interface, such as a liquid interface, to allow thermally managed liquid to flow into or out of battery module 3010 to other liquid containers or channels (e.g., top opening 0094 and bottom opening 0095 of liquid-limiting housing 0080). For example, battery module 3010 may include a mechanical connection interface for connection to another battery module or other modules, such as a top interlock structure 0180 and a bottom interlock structure 0190.

[0285] In this invention, the battery pack (BP) 3030 refers to an assembled, manufactured, and packaged energy storage system for integration into electrical equipment (such as electric vehicles (EVs), battery energy storage systems (BESS), etc.), where the battery pack 3030 discharges to provide electrical energy. The battery pack 3030 is typically manufactured as a standalone product and is often supplied by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that supplies the final equipment. The battery pack 3030 possesses structural stability to ensure integrity during transportation and final equipment integration assembly processes (such as the assembly process of an electric vehicle), and has a standardized interface for electrical / mechanical integration with the larger system to which it is intended to be installed. The spatial dimensions of the battery pack 3030 are also designed with consideration for available equipment space.

[0286] Please refer to Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery pack 3030. In some embodiments, such as Figure 13 As shown, the battery pack 3030 may include two battery modules 3010 assembled in a stacked manner. In other embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may include only one or more battery modules 3010. The battery pack 3030 may also include a terminal module (TM) 3040 to provide electrical insulation as a cover for the battery pack 3030, allowing the battery cells 0020 ( Figure 13 (Not shown) provides electrical isolation from the outside of the battery pack 3030. The battery pack 3030 may also include an interface module (IM) 3050, which, in addition to serving as a cover, can also be the interface of the battery pack 3030. Figure 13 Each battery module 3010 can be assembled from the previously disclosed liquid-limiting housing 0080 and battery cell assembly 0010.

[0287] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may be liquid-tight, allowing the battery cell assembly 0010 in the battery module 3010 to be immersed in a thermal management liquid. For example, the liquid-limiting housing 0080, end cap module 3040, and interface module 3050 of each battery module 3010 may be assembled to form a liquid-tight battery-pack enclosure 3031 (BP-enclosure), hereinafter referred to as "liquid-tight battery pack enclosure" 3031. In this example, the liquid-tight battery pack enclosure 3031 is provided with a lateral liquid stop structure by the liquid-limiting housing 0080, and a vertical liquid stop structure by a cover plate at the vertical end. For example, the cover plate may be the end cap module 3040 or the interface module 3050. The lateral and vertical liquid stop structures together define the battery pack space 3032, which is enclosed by the liquid-tight battery pack enclosure 3031 (and simultaneously enclosed by the vertical and lateral liquid stops).

[0288] In some embodiments, the battery pack housing 3031 may be electrically insulated so that the circuitry encapsulated inside the battery pack housing 3031 does not leak to the outside. For example, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 and the cover may be formed of an electrically insulating material, or each may contain at least one layer of electrically insulating material.

[0289] In some embodiments, the end cap module 3040 and the interface module 3050 may also include a mechanical interface for cooperating, connecting, or sealing with the corresponding battery module 3010 or the corresponding liquid-limiting housing 0080. For example, the end cap module 3040 may include a top interlocking structure 0180, and the interface module 3050 may include a bottom interlocking structure 0190. For example, the end cap module and the interface module may also include the previously described sealing element receiving structure 0220.

[0290] like Figure 13 As shown, the battery pack 3030 may also include an electrical energy interface module (EEIM) 3060. The EEIM 3060 may include an EEIM housing 3062 to enclose or surround the EEIM space 3061. Figure 13 Not shown. The power interface module space 3061 is used to house battery management circuitry, high-voltage circuitry (e.g., circuitry that transfers high-voltage power from the battery pack 3030 to downstream loads (e.g., electric vehicles)), or both. The power interface module housing 3062 may be integrally formed or composed of multiple power interface module walls 3065. For example, the power interface module walls 3065 may be part of the integrally formed housing or a separate component. The power interface module 3060 may be mounted on the interface module 3050 via an assembly process.

[0291] In some embodiments, the interface module 3050 may include an interface module housing 3052 to surround or enclose the interface module space 3054. Figure 13 Not shown in the diagram. Interface module space 3054 is used to accommodate components that are connected to the battery module 3010 and the power interface module 3060.

[0292] In some embodiments, the interface module 3050 may further include an interface module electrical connection bar 3053 (in... Figure 13 (Not shown). One end of the interface module electrical connection bar 3053 can be electrically connected to the modular power interface 3020 of the battery module 3010, and the other end of the interface module electrical connection bar 3053 can be electrically connected to the high-voltage circuit disposed within the power interface module space 3061. The power interface module 3060 may include a high-voltage interface connector (HVIC) 3063 disposed on the power interface module housing 3062 for direct contact with the high-voltage circuit disposed within the power interface module space 3061. For example, such an electrical connector may be a terminal of the charge / discharge circuit 0040.

[0293] In this invention, the interface module 3050 and the end cap module 3040 (which are vertical caps and can be collectively referred to as "cap modules") may each include at least one cap electrical interface for providing an electrical connection path. The cap electrical interface is electrically connected between the high-voltage interface connector 3063 and the modular power interface 3020 of the battery module. In some embodiments, the cap electrical interface may be implemented as a rigid bus (e.g., interface module bus 3053), a flexible bus, a cable, a conductive trace on a printed circuit board, or any other suitable conductive component capable of transmitting high-voltage power.

[0294] In some embodiments, the power interface module space 3061 and the battery pack space 3032 can be hydraulically connected, allowing components located within the power interface module space 3061 to be immersed in a thermal management liquid.

[0295] In other embodiments, the power interface module space 3061 and the battery pack space 3032 can be hydraulically isolated. In this case, the interface module 3050 may include at least one interface module electrical channel 3051 (not shown) to provide an electrical connection channel between the power interface module space 3061 and the battery pack space 3032. For example, the interface module electrical channel 3051 may be a through hole provided on the side wall of the interface module 3050. In some embodiments, an interface module electrical connection bar 3053 (not shown) may be provided in the interface module electrical channel 3051 and extend to the power interface module space 3061 and the battery pack space 3032 to establish an electrical connection between the power interface module space 3061 and the battery pack space 3032. In some embodiments, to prevent liquid from passing through the interface module electrical channel 3051, the interface module 3050 may further include at least one sealing element, such as an O-ring, which is disposed within the interface module electrical channel 3051 to fit tightly with the inner wall surface of the interface module electrical channel 3051 and the interface module electrical connection bar 3053.

[0296] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may include at least one liquid communication interface 3034 for introducing and / or exporting liquid into and / or out of the battery pack 3030. For example, the liquid communication interface may be a liquid interface disposed on the liquid-tight battery pack housing 3031. For example, the liquid communication interface 3034 may be disposed on the wall of the interface module 3050 or the wall of the end cap module 3040 as a liquid inlet and / or liquid outlet. In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may include a first liquid communication interface 3034(a) (not shown) as a liquid inlet of the liquid-tight battery pack housing 3031, and may include a second liquid communication interface 3034(b) (not shown).

[0297] In some embodiments, the liquid communication interface 3034 can be used to connect to an external liquid circulation system, such as a liquid source or a liquid circulation system with a pump.

[0298] Figure 14A , Figure 14B , Figure 15A as well as Figure 15B This is a simplified diagram of a battery pack 3030 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0299] In some embodiments, such as Figure 14AAs shown, the battery pack 3030 may include a plurality of battery modules 3010 stacked vertically. The battery pack 3030 may further include and assemble a first interface module 3050(a) and a second interface module 3050(b) as a first vertical cover and a second vertical cover, respectively, which are disposed at opposite vertical ends of the stacked battery modules 3010. The battery pack 3030 may further include a first power interface module 3060(a) and a second power interface module 3060(b). The first power interface module 3060(a) is disposed on the first interface module 3050(a), and the second power interface module 3060(b) is disposed on the second interface module 3050(b). The first power interface module 3060(a) may include a first high-voltage interface connector 3063(a) disposed at a vertical end of the battery pack 3030, and the second power interface module 3060(b) may include a second high-voltage interface connector 3063(b) disposed at the other vertical end of the battery pack 3030. This configuration is used to connect to a downstream load, and the terminals are respectively disposed at different locations.

[0300] In some embodiments, such as Figure 14B As shown, the battery pack 3030 may include a plurality of battery modules 3010 stacked vertically. The battery pack 3030 may further include and assemble end cap modules 3040 and interface modules 3050 as a first vertical cap and a second vertical cap, respectively, disposed at opposite vertical ends of the stacked battery modules 3010. The battery pack 3030 may further include a power interface module 3060 disposed on the interface module 3050. The power interface module 3060 may include two high-voltage interface connectors 3063 disposed at the same vertical end. This configuration is used to connect to a downstream load, with the terminals disposed adjacent to each other. The liquid-limiting housing 0080 may further include vertical wall channels 0230. The vertical wall channels 0230 of each liquid-limiting housing 0080 may be sealed together to form a vertical through-hole extending vertically through the overall assembly structure of the stacked battery modules 3030. The battery pack 3030 may further include conductive rods 0280, which are used to place the first and second electrodes of the circuit formed by all battery cells connected in series and / or in parallel on the second vertical end of the overall assembly structure of the stacked battery modules 3030.

[0301] In some embodiments, the conductive rod 0280 may be connected to a first electrode located on a first vertical end of an integral assembly structure of stacked battery modules 3030. The first electrode may be formed by a circuit consisting of all battery cells 0020 electrically connected in series and / or parallel via battery connection member 0026 and modular power interface 3020, and the first vertical end is adjacent to end cap module 3040. The conductive rod 0280 may be disposed in a vertical through hole and may extend vertically along the vertical through hole, and may protrude from a second vertical end of the integral assembly structure of stacked battery modules 3030, the second vertical end being adjacent to interface module 3050. Thus, the first electrode and the second electrode of the circuit consisting of all battery cells connected in series and / or parallel may both be disposed on the second vertical end of the integral assembly structure of stacked battery modules 3030.

[0302] In some embodiments, conductor rod 0280 may be connected to a first electrode of a circuit formed by all BC0020s electrically connected in series and / or parallel via BCCM 0026 and MEEI 3020 at a first vertical end of the entire assembly of stacked BM 3030, adjacent to TM 3040. Conductor rods may be arranged in vertical vias, extending vertically through the vertical vias of the entire assembly of stacked BM 3030, and may protrude from a second vertical end of the entire assembly of stacked BM 3030, adjacent to IM 3050. Thus, both the first and second electrodes of the circuit formed by all series- and / or parallel-connected battery cells are located at the second vertical end of the entire assembly of stacked BM 3030.

[0303] In some embodiments, the high-voltage interface connector 3063 of the battery pack 3030 may be arranged on the same vertical end of the stacked BM 3020. This arrangement facilitates system integration because the liquid connection to the external coolant channel and the electrical connection to the downstream load can both be made on the same side of the battery pack. This not only reduces the complexity of installation and maintenance but also improves the compactness and reliability of the battery pack assembly.

[0304] Please see Figure 16A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of battery pack 3030. Components in this embodiment that share the same number as those mentioned in the above embodiments indicate that they have similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here. It should be noted that... Figure 16A This is not an accurate cross-sectional view of the 3030 battery pack. Figure 16A This is intended to illustrate several structural features of the battery pack 3030 that can be observed from the cross-sectional view. Although these structural features are shown on the same plane, this does not mean that these technical features must be located on the same xy-plane. Furthermore, the term "lateral" refers to... Figure 16A , Figure 16B , Figure 16C , Figure 16D , Figure 16E , Figure 21A , Figure 21B , Figure 21C , Figure 21D and Figure 21E Any vector in the yz plane. For example, a transverse fluid flow can be a fluid flow that moves only in the z direction in the yz plane; a transverse channel can be a channel located in the yz plane that extends only in the z direction.

[0305] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may be connected to a circulation and heat exchange system 3080 to form a closed-loop liquid circulation system. When the closed-loop liquid circulation system is filled with liquid and pressure is applied by a pump to initiate liquid circulation, a corresponding liquid flow is generated.

[0306] Generally, a battery pack is assembled from multiple battery modules and cover modules. For example, such as Figure 16A As shown, four battery modules 3010 (but not limited to this, meaning the configuration number of battery modules 3010 may vary depending on the actual application of the battery pack 3030) and two cover modules 3090(a) and 3090(b) are stacked on top of each other to form the battery pack 3030. The cover modules 3090(a) and 3090(b) may be the aforementioned interface modules or end cap modules, or other types of cover modules. In some embodiments, the battery modules 3010 and cover modules 3090(a) and 3090(b) can be assembled to form a liquid-tight battery pack housing having a battery pack space 3032. By introducing a thermal management liquid into the battery pack space 3032, the relevant battery pack components within the battery pack space 3032 can be immersed in the thermal management liquid for heat dissipation. For example, as... Figure 16A As shown, each battery module 3010 includes a liquid-tight housing 0080 providing a lateral fluid barrier (i.e., peripheral wall 0090). The battery modules 3010 can be stacked to form a battery module stack, and the peripheral walls 0090 can also be stacked to form a stack peripheral wall. Cover modules 3090(a) and 3090(b) can serve as vertical covers to form a liquid-tight battery pack housing together with the stack peripheral walls. It should be noted that any two stacked battery modules 3010 can employ the aforementioned sealing design to prevent liquid leakage from the interface between the two stacked battery modules 3010, the relevant description of which can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 11A as well as Figure 11B And so on, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0307] like Figure 16AAs shown, the battery pack 3030 is connected to the circulation and heat exchange system 3080 via a liquid circulation pipe 3081, and each cover module may include at least one interface liquid connector (ILC) 3091 connected to the liquid circulation pipe 3081. The circulation and heat exchange system 3080 drives the thermal management liquid into the battery pack 3030 in an inflow direction F1 via the liquid interface connector 3091, then through the entire battery pack space 3032, and out of the battery pack 3030 in an outflow direction F2 via another liquid interface connector 3091. The circulation and heat exchange system 3080 may include a heat exchanger or other design to regulate the temperature of the thermal management liquid before it enters the battery pack 3030 for the next circulation.

[0308] For more details, please see Figure 16A The battery pack 3030 may include multiple structural features that guide the flow of thermal management liquids. For example... Figure 16A As shown, each cover module includes a cover vertical channel 3092, which may be a through-hole extending in a vertical direction to allow thermal management fluid to flow vertically within the through-hole. In some embodiments, the cover vertical channel 3092 may communicate directly with the liquid interface connector 3091 and the battery pack space 3032, thereby allowing thermal management fluid to flow into or out of the battery pack space 3032 through the cover vertical channel 3092.

[0309] After the thermal management fluid flows into the battery pack space 3032 through the vertical channel 3092 of the cover, the area that the thermal management fluid can reach can be vertically divided into a cover module area 3093 and a battery module area 3011. Specifically, the cover module area 3093 refers to the area within each cover module of the battery pack space 3032. For example... Figure 16A The cover module 3090(a) may include an inner cover surface 3094. The cover module area 3093 may be defined by a region in the battery pack space 3032 extending from the module interface reference line 3012 between the cover module 3090(a) and the battery module 3010 to the inner cover surface 3094. Specifically, the battery module area 3011 refers to the region in the battery pack space 3032 covered within the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. Thermal management fluid flows from the cover module area 3093 into the battery module area 3011 through the module interface reference line 3012, preventing liquid leakage through a tight fit between the cover module 3090(a) and the battery module 3010. The aforementioned fluid flow through the stacked battery modules 3010 and through the tubular opening of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 is referred to in this invention as the in-housing fluid flow 0081.

[0310] Please see Figure 16B It is a cross-sectional view of battery pack 3030, showing... Figure 16ABut not displayed Figure 16B All component labels are applicable Figure 16B In the middle. It should be noted that, Figure 16B This is not an accurate cross-sectional view of the 3030 battery pack. Figure 16B The purpose is to illustrate several structural features of the battery pack 3030 that can be observed from the cross-sectional view. Although these structural features are shown on the same plane, it does not mean that these technical features must be located on the same xy section.

[0311] Please see Figure 16B In some cases, components or structures within the battery pack space 3032 may create flow resistance. For example, the battery cell assembly 0010 may include at least (but is not limited to) a battery holder 0050, a battery cell 0020, and a battery connection member 0026 (not shown). Figure 16B (Middle). The liquid-limiting housing 0080 may also include a battery holder stop structure 0140 or other structures that can be assembled with the battery holder 0050. These structures or components may generate vertical flow resistance or local eddies that affect the uniformity of the flow field distribution, causing hot spots within the battery pack space 3032, which in turn leads to heat dissipation problems.

[0312] Furthermore, since the thermal management fluid flows sequentially through each battery module 3010 after entering the battery pack space 3032, the first and last battery modules 3010 will have different heat dissipation conditions. For example, in each cycle, the thermal management fluid leaves the heat exchanger at its initial temperature; the further the thermal management fluid flows, the more its temperature deviates from the initial state. In the entire loop, the battery module 3010 closest to the pump outlet 3082 can be called the nearest battery module 3010 (i.e., the first battery module 3010), while the battery module 3010 farthest from the pump outlet 3082 can be called the farthest battery module 3010 (i.e., the last battery module 3010). The temperature of the nearest battery module 3010 may be closest to the predetermined target temperature, or have the smallest temperature fluctuation relative to the predetermined target temperature. On the other hand, the temperature of the farthest battery module 3010 may have the largest difference from the predetermined target temperature, or have the largest temperature fluctuation relative to the predetermined target temperature.

[0313] like Figure 16BAs shown, the area between the two battery holders 0050 within the battery module 3010 can be defined as the battery region 0051, while the area where these two battery holders 0050 extend to the top and bottom tubular openings of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 can be defined as the edge region 0052. As described above, due to the flow resistance generated by the battery holders 0050 and other components connected to them (e.g., the battery connection member 0026), the flow resistance from the edge region 0052 to the battery region 0051, or from the battery region 0051 to the edge region 0052, is relatively large. In the aforementioned series connection design of the flow channels, the flow resistance will increase with the increase in the number of battery modules 3010 configured.

[0314] Please see Figure 16C It is a cross-sectional view of battery pack 3030, showing... Figure 16A and Figure 16B But not displayed Figure 16C The component number can be applied to Figure 16C In the middle. It should be noted that, Figure 16C This is not an accurate cross-sectional view of the 3030 battery pack. Figure 16C The purpose is to illustrate several structural features of the battery pack 3030 that can be observed from the cross-sectional view. Although these structural features are shown on the same plane, it does not mean that these technical features must be located on the same xy section. It should be noted that the gravity vector in the diagram may not point in the -x direction, meaning that when the battery pack 3030 is placed on an electrical device, the battery pack 3030 may not be configured in the orientation shown in the diagram.

[0315] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may include Figure 16C The structural design shown and Figure 16D The fluid flow design is shown. (As shown in the image.) Figure 16CAs shown, the cover module 3090(a) may include a first cover vertical channel 3095(a), a cover lateral channel 3096(a), and a second cover vertical channel 3097(a). The first cover vertical channel 3095(a) is in communication with the liquid interface connector 3091 and the battery pack space 3032 of the cover module 3090(a). The cover lateral channel 3096(a) is in communication with the first cover vertical channel 3095(a) to guide the thermal management liquid to flow laterally to the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid limiting housing 0080. The cover vertical channel 3097(a) is in communication with the cover lateral channel 3096(a) to guide the thermal management liquid into at least one module wall vertical channel 3098 within the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid limiting housing 0080. In some embodiments, the first cover vertical channel 3095(a) may directly penetrate the cover module 3090(a) and communicate with the battery pack space 3032. In some embodiments, the battery module 3010 may further include a module wall vertical channel 3098, which can be considered an implementation of the aforementioned vertical wall channel 0230. The module wall vertical channel 3098 may be located in the lateral direction within the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 and extend vertically to penetrate the liquid-limiting housing 0080. Each battery module 3010 may have at least one module wall vertical channel 3098. In some embodiments, the module wall vertical channels 3098 of two stacked battery modules 3010 are laterally aligned with each other, thereby allowing thermal management fluid to flow from the module wall vertical channel 3098 in one battery module 3010 to the module wall vertical channel 3098 in another battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the module wall vertical channels 3098 are tightly joined in the vertical direction. In some embodiments, the module wall vertical channels 3098 are not tightly joined in the vertical direction, but may have a gap (not shown). In some embodiments where the module wall vertical channel 3098 and the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) are laterally aligned, the module wall vertical channel 3098 and the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) are not tightly joined in the vertical direction, but may have a gap (not shown). At least one module wall lateral channel 3099 may be formed on the peripheral wall 0090 and is a lateral through hole. One end of the module wall lateral channel 3099 is in fluid communication with the battery pack space 3032, and the other end of the module wall lateral channel 3099 is in fluid communication with the module wall vertical channel 3098, thereby enabling the module wall vertical channel 3098 and the battery pack space 3032 to be in fluid communication with each other. It should be noted that although the module wall lateral channel 3099 appears to penetrate the battery holder stop structure 0140, the invention is not limited thereto, that is, in another embodiment, the module wall lateral channel 3099 that appears to penetrate the battery holder stop structure 0140 may be offset from the battery holder stop structure 0140 in the z-direction.

[0316] In some embodiments, the vertical extension range of the transverse channel 3099 in the x direction of the module wall may include the two edge regions 0052 and the battery region 0051 of the battery module 3010, thereby allowing the transverse flow of thermal management liquid in the battery module 3010 to occur within the two edge regions 0052 and the battery region 0051.

[0317] Please see Figure 16D It is a cross-sectional view of battery pack 3030, showing... Figure 16A , Figure 16B as well as Figure 16C But not displayed Figure 16D The component number can be applied to Figure 16D In the middle. It should be noted that, Figure 16D This is not an accurate cross-sectional view of the 3030 battery pack. Figure 16D The purpose is to illustrate several structural features of the battery pack 3030 that can be observed from the cross-sectional view. Although these structural features are shown on the same plane, it does not mean that these technical features must be located on the same xy section.

[0318] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may be interconnected with the circulation and heat exchange system 3080 to form a closed-loop liquid circulation system. When the closed-loop liquid circulation system is filled with liquid and pressure is applied by a pump to initiate liquid circulation, a corresponding liquid flow is generated.

[0319] For example, such as Figure 16C and Figure 16D As shown, the battery pack 3030 may include multiple battery modules 3010, a cover module 3090(a) near the pump outlet 3082, and a cover module 3090(b) away from the pump outlet 3082 to generate liquid flows within cover module 3090(a) and cover module 3090(b). The liquid flow within cover module 3090(a) may include a first proximal cover vertical flow 3101, a proximal cover lateral flow 3102, and a second proximal cover vertical flow 3103. The first proximal cover vertical flow 3101 flows within a first cover vertical channel 3095(a) and receives thermal management liquid from the liquid interface connector 3091 of cover module 3090(a). The proximal cover lateral flow 3102 flows within a cover lateral channel 3096(a) and flows toward the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid limiting housing 0080 to guide the thermal management liquid into the module wall vertical channel 3098. The second proximal cover vertical flow 3103 flows within the second cover vertical channel 3097(a), and the second proximal cover vertical flow 3103 receives the proximal cover lateral flow 3102, and then flows into the battery pack space 3032 or the module wall vertical channel 3098, or simultaneously flows into the battery pack space 3032 and the module wall vertical channel 3098.

[0320] The liquid flow within the cover module 3090(b) may include a second remote cover vertical flow 3106, a remote cover lateral flow 3107, and a first remote cover vertical flow 3108. The second remote cover vertical flow 3106 flows within the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) of the cover module 3090(b) and receives the module wall vertical flow 3104 from the battery pack space 3032. The remote cover lateral flow 3107 flows within the cover lateral channel 3096(b) of the cover module 3090(b) and flows away from the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 to guide the thermal management liquid into the first cover vertical channel 3095(b) of the cover module 3090(b). The first remote cover vertical flow 3108 flows within the first cover vertical channel 3095(b) and receives the thermal management liquid from the remote cover lateral flow 3107 of the cover lateral channel 3096(b).

[0321] Please see Figure 16E It is a cross-sectional view of battery pack 3030, showing... Figure 16A , Figure 16B , Figure 16C as well as Figure 16D However, it was not displayed. Figure 16E The component number can be applied to Figure 16E In the middle. It should be noted that, Figure 16E This is not an accurate cross-sectional view of the 3030 battery pack. Figure 16E The purpose is to illustrate several structural features of the battery pack 3030 that can be observed from the cross-sectional view. Although these structural features are shown on the same plane, it does not mean that these technical features must be located on the same xy section.

[0322] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may be connected to a circulation and heat exchange system 3080 to form a closed-loop liquid circulation system. When the closed-loop liquid circulation system is filled with liquid and pressure is applied by a pump to initiate liquid circulation, a corresponding liquid flow is generated.

[0323] For example, such as Figure 16E As shown, the battery pack 3030 may include multiple battery modules 3010, a cover module 3090(a) near the pump outlet 3082, and a cover module 3090(b) away from the pump outlet 3082 to generate liquid flow 0081 inside the housing, liquid flow inside the cover module 3090(a), liquid flow inside the cover module 3090(b), and liquid flow inside the battery module 3010.

[0324] The liquid flow within the housing 0081 may include the housing liquid flow between the cover module 3090(a) and the nearest battery module 3010, the housing liquid flow between the cover module 3090(b) and the farthest battery module 3010, and the housing liquid flow between any two adjacent battery modules 3010. The liquid flow within the cover module 3090(a) may include a first proximal cover vertical flow 3101, a proximal cover lateral flow 3102, and a second proximal cover vertical flow 3103. The first proximal cover vertical flow 3101 flows within the first cover vertical channel 3095(a) and receives thermal management liquid from the liquid interface connector 3091 of the cover module 3090(a). The proximal cover lateral flow 3102 flows within the cover lateral channel 3096(a) and flows towards the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 to guide the thermal management liquid into the module wall vertical channel 3098. The second proximal cover vertical flow 3103 flows within the second cover vertical channel 3097(a). The second proximal cover vertical flow 3103 receives the proximal cover lateral flow 3102 and then flows into the battery pack space 3032 or the module wall vertical channel 3098, or simultaneously into the battery pack space 3032 and the module wall vertical channel 3098.

[0325] The liquid flow within the cover module 3090(b) may include a second remote cover vertical flow 3106, a remote cover lateral flow 3107, and a first remote cover vertical flow 3108. The second remote cover vertical flow 3106 flows within the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) and receives the module wall vertical flow 3104 from the battery pack space 3032. The remote cover lateral flow 3107 flows within the cover lateral channel 3096(b) and flows away from the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 to guide thermal management liquid into the first cover vertical channel 3095(b). The first remote cover vertical flow 3108 flows within the first cover vertical channel 3095(b) and receives the thermal management liquid from the remote cover lateral flow 3107 in the cover lateral channel 3096(b). The liquid flow within the battery module 3010 may include a vertical flow 3104 flowing within the vertical channel 3098 of the module wall, and a lateral flow 3105 flowing within the battery pack space 3032 of the module wall.

[0326] In some embodiments, the seal 0200 may be configured to surround the periphery of the top opening 0094 or the bottom opening 0095 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. Specifically, the seal 0200 may form a continuous closed loop that laterally surrounds the space enclosed by the peripheral wall 0090 and the peripheral wall 0090 itself (i.e., the wall thickness covering the module wall vertical channel 3098). In this configuration, the seal 0200 can establish a comprehensive seal to prevent thermal management fluid from leaking out of the battery pack, whether the fluid is located in the battery pack space 3032 or within the module wall vertical channel 3098.

[0327] Please see Figure 17A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery cell assembly 0010 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar designations as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0328] like Figure 17A As shown, the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 has four side walls 0091. The side wall 0091 located on the right side of the peripheral wall 0090 (i.e., the east wall) has a plurality of module wall vertical channels 3098 arranged along the z-direction in the transverse plane, and the side wall 0091 located on the left side of the peripheral wall 0090 (i.e., the west wall) also has a plurality of module wall vertical channels 3098 arranged along the z-direction in the transverse plane, thereby allowing the thermal management liquid to flow from the east wall to the west wall (but not limited thereto). In some embodiments, the battery holder stop structure 0140 may be formed only on the side walls 0091 located on the top and bottom sides of the peripheral wall 0090 to ensure that the east and west walls have sufficient space to form the module wall vertical channels 3098.

[0329] In some embodiments, the battery holder stop structure 0140 and the module wall vertical channel 3098 may be formed on the same side wall 0091. For example, the east and west walls may have the battery holder stop structure 0140 and the module wall vertical channel 3098 formed thereon, while the side walls 0091 located on the top and bottom sides of the peripheral wall 0090 (i.e., the north and south walls) may only have the battery holder stop structure 0140. By forming the battery holder stop structure 0140 on the four side walls of the peripheral wall 0090 as described above, the battery holder 0050 can be assembled more stably.

[0330] Please see Figure 17B This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery cell assembly 0010 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar designations as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0331] like Figure 17BAs shown, the peripheral wall 0090 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may include a module wall vertical channel 3098 and a module wall vertical channel 3098'. The module wall vertical channel 3098 communicates with the module wall transverse channel 3099, while the module wall vertical channel 3098' is a through-hole penetrating the peripheral wall 0090 in the vertical direction and does not communicate with any module wall transverse channel 3099. The module wall vertical channel 3098' is used to guide the thermal management liquid to flow directly through the stacked battery modules 3010 without entering the battery pack space 3032. Therefore, the two stacked module wall vertical channels 3098' must be tightly joined. Thus, sealing members (e.g., seal 0200) and sealing structures 30981 (e.g., sealing member receiving structure 0220 or sealing member positioning structure 0210) can be formed on the top or bottom wall surface of the peripheral wall 0090, or on the plane corresponding to the cover module. The aforementioned sealing design ensures a liquid-tight fluid connection between the vertical channels 3098' of the stacked two module walls, or between the vertical channel 3098' of the module wall and the second cover vertical channel of the cover module, thereby preventing leakage of the thermal management fluid at the module connection interface. Regarding the description of the sealing components and housing structure, it can be found in... Figure 11A The corresponding paragraphs in the instruction manual are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0332] Please see Figure 17C This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cover module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0333] In some embodiments, the cover module may include a plurality of second cover vertical channels. For example... Figure 17C As shown, the second cover vertical channel 3097, which is connected to the first cover vertical channel 3095 via the cover transverse channel 3096, is spaced apart from each other in the z direction (but not limited thereto) to form a splitter with a split port.

[0334] Please see Figure 17D This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cover module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0335] In some embodiments, the cover module may include a cover transverse channel 3096'. For example... Figure 17DAs shown, the cover transverse channel 3096' may include a first transverse channel portion 30961 extending in the y direction and a second transverse channel portion 30962 extending in the z direction (but the present invention is not limited thereto), thereby, the first cover vertical channel 3095 can communicate with the second cover vertical channel 3097 through the first transverse channel portion 30961 and the second transverse channel portion 30962.

[0336] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery pack 3030 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar designations as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0337] The battery pack 3030 may include a cover module 3090(a), a plurality of battery modules 3010, and a cover module 3090(b). The cover module 3090(a) may be connected to a battery module 3010 located at the front of the battery pack 3030, and the cover module 3090(b) may be connected to a battery module 3010 located at the rear of the battery pack 3030. In some embodiments, the number of battery modules 3010 configured in the battery pack 3030 may be equal to or greater than two. For example, the number of battery modules 3010 configured in the battery pack 3030 may be equal to two, three, or other positive numbers greater than three. In some embodiments, when the number of battery modules 3010 configured in the battery pack 3030 is equal to or greater than two, the cover module 3090(a) may be connected to the first battery module 3010, and the cover module 3090(b) may be connected to the last battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may contain only one battery module 3010 (e.g., only the battery module 3010 located on the front side of the battery pack 3030), so the cover modules 3090(a) and 3090(b) may be connected to the front and rear sides of this battery module 3010.

[0338] In some embodiments, cover module 3090(a) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(a) and a first power interface module 3060(a), and cover module 3090(b) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(b) and a second power interface module 3060(b). The interface liquid connector 3091(a) of cover module 3090(a) allows thermal management liquid to flow into battery pack 3030, and the interface liquid connector 3091(b) of cover module 3090(b) allows thermal management liquid to flow out of battery pack 3030. Therefore, thermal management liquid can flow into battery pack 3030 through interface liquid connector 3091(a) of cover module 3090(a) and out of battery pack 3030 through interface liquid connector 3091(b) of cover module 3090(b), thereby flowing through battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the first power interface module 3060(a) may be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030, and the second power interface module 3060(b) may be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030.

[0339] In some embodiments, each battery module 3010 may further include a plurality of battery cells 0020 (not shown) and a plurality of module electrodes (not shown). In some embodiments, each module electrode may be an electrode plate. Each module electrode may be electrically connected to a portion of the battery cells 0020 in the corresponding battery module 3010. In some embodiments, when the number of battery modules 3010 configured in the battery pack 3030 is equal to or greater than two, one of the module electrodes of the first battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to the first power interface module 3060(a), and one of the module electrodes of the last battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to the second power interface module 3060(b). Furthermore, another module electrode of the first battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to another module electrode of the second battery module 3010 (e.g., adjacent to the first battery module 3010), and one of the module electrodes of the last battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to, for example, one of the module electrodes in the penultimate battery module 3010. In some embodiments, for example when the number of battery modules 3010 configured in the battery pack 3030 is equal to one, one of the module electrodes of the battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to the first power interface module 3060(a), and the other of the module electrodes of the battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to the second power interface module 3060(b).

[0340] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 19A , Figure 19B as well as Figure 19C It is illustrated Figure 18Other structures of the battery pack 3030. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0341] exist Figure 19A In the middle, the cover module 3090(a) may also include an interface liquid connector 3091(a), a first electrical interface module 3060(a), an interface liquid connector 3091(c), and a third electrical interface module 3060(c). Therefore, in Figure 19A In this configuration, the first power interface module 3060(a) can be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030, and the third power interface module 3060(c) can be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030. Figure 19B In the case of the cover module 3090(a), the cover module 3090(a) may further include an interface liquid connector 3091(a), a first electrical interface module 3060(a), and an interface liquid connector 3091(c), and the cover module 3090(b) may further include a second electrical interface module 3060(b). Therefore, in Figure 19B In this configuration, the first power interface module 3060(a) can be one of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack 3030, and the second power interface module 3060(b) can be the other of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack 3030. Figure 19C In the case of the cover module 3090(a), the cover module 3090(a) may further include an interface liquid connector 3091(a), a first electrical interface module 3060(a), and a third electrical interface module 3060(c), and the cover module 3090(b) may further include an interface liquid connector 3091(b). Therefore, in Figure 19C In the first power interface module 3060(a), it can be one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030, and the third power interface module 3060(c) can be the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030.

[0342] In some embodiments, the positions of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack 3030 may vary depending on the distribution of the module electrodes and the connection direction of the battery cells 0020. In some embodiments, the positions of the interface liquid connectors 3091(a) and 3091(b) of the battery pack 3030 may vary depending on the liquid flow structure of the battery pack 3030. In other words, the positive and negative electrodes and the interface liquid connectors of the battery pack 3030 may be disposed on different cover modules or the same cover module according to the liquid flow structure design of the battery pack 3030.

[0343] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 20A as well as Figure 20B The fluid flow structure design of the battery pack is illustrated.

[0344] In this embodiment, components that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components that have similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0345] To clearly describe the fluid flow structure design of the 3030 battery pack, in Figure 20A as well as Figure 20B The first power interface module 3060(a) and the second power interface module 3060(b) are omitted (e.g.) Figure 18 , Figure 19A , Figure 19B as well as Figure 19C The illustration shown is shown, but Figure 20A as well as Figure 20B Each battery pack 3030 may still include a first power interface module 3060(a) and a second power interface module 3060(b).

[0346] In some embodiments, such as in Figure 20A In this embodiment, cover module 3090(a) may further include one or more cover vertical channels 3092(a). Each cover vertical channel 3092(a) may communicate with an interface liquid connector 3091(a) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from cover module 3090(a) into the first battery module 3010. In some embodiments, cover module 3090(b) may further include one or more cover vertical channels 3092(b). Each cover vertical channel 3092(b) may communicate with an interface liquid connector 3091(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from battery module 3010 out of battery pack 3030.

[0347] In some embodiments, each battery module 3010 may include a liquid-limiting housing 0080, one or more first module wall vertical channels 3098(a), one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b), and a battery pack space 3032.

[0348] In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) may be a through hole to pass through the corresponding liquid-limiting housing 0080, so that the thermal management liquid flows through the corresponding liquid-limiting housing 0080. Therefore, the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the first battery module 3010 may communicate with the cover vertical channel 3092(a) so that the thermal management liquid flows from the cover module 3090(a) into the first battery module 3010; the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the second battery module 3010 may communicate with the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the first battery module 3010 so that the thermal management liquid flows from the first battery module 3010 into the second battery module 3010; and the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the last battery module 3010 may communicate with the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the second battery module 3010 so that the thermal management liquid flows from the second battery module 3010 into the last battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) may further include one or more inlet slits (not shown) to allow thermal management liquid to flow into the battery pack space 3032, thereby cooling the battery cells 0020 in the battery pack space 3032.

[0349] In some embodiments, the battery pack space 3032 may communicate with a first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) in the battery module 3010 to allow thermal management liquid to flow into the battery pack space 3032 through one or more inlet slits in the battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the battery pack space 3032 may also communicate with a second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) in the battery module 3010 to allow thermal management liquid to flow out of the battery pack space 3032 through one or more outlet slits (not shown) in the battery module 3010, so as to guide the thermal management liquid out of the battery pack 3030 through the cover vertical channel 3092(b).

[0350] In some embodiments, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may include one or more outlet slits to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the corresponding battery pack space 3032 into the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b). In some embodiments, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may be a through-hole to pass through the corresponding liquid-limiting housing 0080 to allow thermal management liquid to flow through the corresponding liquid-limiting housing 0080. Therefore, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) in the first battery module 3010 can be connected to the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) in the second battery module 3010 to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the first battery module 3010 into the second battery module 3010; each module wall vertical channel 3098(b) in the second battery module 3010 can be connected to the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) in the last battery module 3010 to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the second battery module 3010 into the last battery module 3010; and each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) in the last battery module 3010 can be connected to the corresponding cover vertical channel 3092(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the last battery module 3010 into the cover module 3090(b), and then out of the battery pack 3030 through the interface liquid connector 3091(b).

[0351] In some embodiments, such as Figure 20B As shown, the larger battery pack 3030(a) may include a cover module 3090(a), a cover module 3090(b), and battery modules 3010(a)-3010(f). The cover module 3090(a) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(a), an interface liquid connector 3091(b), one or more cover vertical channels 3092(a), and one or more cover vertical channels 3092(b). Each battery module 3010(a)-3010(f) in the larger battery pack 3030(a) may be substantially similar to or identical to the battery module 3010 in the battery pack 3030. Therefore, each battery module 3010(a)-3010(f) may include a liquid-limiting housing 0080, one or more first module wall vertical channels 3098(a), one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b), and a battery pack space 3032.

[0352] In some embodiments, the mounting process and method of battery module 3010 in battery pack 3030 may be substantially similar to or the same as the mounting process and method of battery modules 3010(a)-3010(f) in larger battery pack 3030(a). Furthermore, the positional relationship of battery module 3010 in battery pack 3030 may be substantially similar to or the same as the positional relationship of battery modules 3010(a)-3010(f) in larger battery pack 3030(a). However, the mounting direction of battery module 3010 in battery pack 3030 may be substantially similar to or the same as one of the mounting directions of battery modules 3010(a)-3010(c) and battery modules 3010(d)-3010(f), and opposite to the other of the mounting directions of battery modules 3010(a)-3010(c) and battery modules 3010(d)-3010(f). Figure 20B In this configuration, the mounting direction of battery module 3010 within battery pack 3030 may be substantially similar to or the same as the mounting directions of battery modules 3010(a)-3010(c), and opposite to the mounting directions of battery modules 3010(d)-3010(f). Therefore, cover module 3090(b) may include a cover transverse channel 3096 for connecting the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of battery module 3010(c) to the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of battery module 3010(d), allowing thermal management liquid to flow from battery module 3010(c) into battery module 3010(d). Furthermore, a cover vertical channel 3092(b) and an interface liquid connector 3091(b) may be provided in cover module 3090(a) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from battery module 3010(f) out of the larger battery pack 3030(a).

[0353] In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of battery module 3010(a) may be connected to a corresponding cover vertical channel 3092(a) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from cover module 3090(a) into battery module 3010(a). In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of battery module 3010(d) may be connected to a cover transverse channel 3096 to allow thermal management liquid to flow from cover module 3090(b) into battery module 3010(d). In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of battery modules 3010(b), 3010(c), 3010(e), and 3010(f) may be connected to a corresponding first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of battery modules 3010(a), 3010(b), 3010(d), and 3010(e), respectively, to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the previous battery module into the corresponding battery module. In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) may include one or more inlet slits (not shown) to allow thermal management liquid to flow into the corresponding battery pack space 3032, thereby cooling a plurality of battery cells 0020 in battery modules 3010(a)-3010(f).

[0354] In some embodiments, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may include one or more outlet slits (not shown) to allow thermal management fluid to flow from the corresponding battery pack space 3032 into the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b). In some embodiments, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of battery module 3010(f) may communicate with a corresponding cover vertical channel 3092(b) to allow thermal management fluid to flow from battery module 3010(f) back to cover module 3090(a). In some embodiments, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of battery module 3010(c) may communicate with a cover transverse channel 3096 to allow thermal management fluid to flow from battery module 3010(c) into cover module 3090(b). In some embodiments, each of the second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of battery modules 3010(a), 3010(b), 3010(d) and 3010(e) can be connected to the corresponding second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of battery modules 3010(b), 3010(c), 3010(e) and 3010(f) respectively, so that thermal management liquid flows from the corresponding battery module into the next battery module.

[0355] In some embodiments, the larger battery pack 3030(a) may be (substantially) larger than the battery pack 3030. For example, in some embodiments, the larger battery pack 3030(a) may be twice the size of the battery pack 3030. In some other embodiments, the larger battery pack 3030(a) may be greater than or less than twice the size of the battery pack 3030. In some embodiments, the cover module 3090(a) may also include an interface liquid connector 3091(c), such as Figure 19A As shown, the battery pack 3030 may also include a flexible hose for connecting to, for example... Figure 20A One or more cover vertical channels 3092(b) of the cover module 3090(b) and one or more cover vertical channels (not shown) of the cover module 3090(a) are connected to the interface liquid connector 3091(c) to one or more cover vertical channels 3092(b). Therefore, even though both the interface liquid connector 3091(a) and the interface liquid connector 3091(c) are provided in the cover module 3090(a), the number of battery modules in the battery pack 3030 can remain unchanged, and the size of the battery pack 3030 can also remain (almost) unchanged, because all interface liquid connectors are integrated to the same side of the battery pack 3030.

[0356] Please see Figure 21A , Figure 21B as well as Figure 21C . Figure 21A as well as Figure 21B The diagram illustrates the flow direction of the thermal management fluid when the two interface fluid connectors are respectively located on two opposite cap modules. Figure 21C For the corresponding Figure 21A as well as Figure 21B A three-dimensional schematic diagram.

[0357] In this embodiment, components that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components that have similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0358] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may be connected to a circulation and heat exchange system 3080 to form a closed-loop liquid circulation system. When the closed-loop liquid circulation system is filled with liquid and pressure is applied by a pump to initiate liquid circulation, a corresponding liquid flow is generated.

[0359] In this embodiment, the battery pack 3030 may include a plurality of battery modules 3010, a cover module 3090(a) near the pump outlet 3082, and a cover module 3090(b) away from the pump outlet 3082 to generate liquid flow in cover module 3090(a) and liquid flow in cover module 3090(b).

[0360] Please see Figure 21B as well as Figure 21CAfter entering the cover module 3090(a) through the interface liquid connector 3091(a), the thermal management liquid flows into the first cover vertical channel 3095(a) and then enters the cover transverse channel 3096(a) in the z-direction to form a proximal cover transverse flow 3102. Through the communication between the cover transverse channel 3096(a) and the plurality of second cover vertical channels 3097(a), the proximal cover transverse flow 3102 flows from the plurality of second cover vertical channels 3097(a) into the plurality of first module wall vertical channels 3098(a) to form a first module wall vertical flow 3104(a).

[0361] Please see Figure 21A as well as Figure 21C The first module wall vertical flow 3104(a) flows into the battery pack space 3032 through multiple module wall lateral channels 3099(a) to form module wall lateral flow 3105.

[0362] When the module wall lateral flow 3105 flows within the battery pack space 3032, the module wall lateral flow 3105 can flow across the module interface reference line 3012 to form an in-shell liquid flow 0081. In this way, thermal management liquid can flow from one battery pack space 3032 into another adjacent battery pack space 3032, and form the module wall lateral flow 3105 again.

[0363] The module wall lateral flow 3105 can exit the battery pack space 3032 through multiple module wall lateral channels 3099(b), and then enter multiple second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) to form a second module wall vertical flow 3104(b). For example... Figure 21A As shown, the multiple second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) and the multiple first module wall vertical channels 3098(a) are not located on the same xz plane.

[0364] Since multiple second cover vertical channels 3097(b) are connected to the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) and the cover transverse channel 3096(b), the second module wall vertical flow 3104(b) can flow from the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) into the cover transverse channel 3096(b) to form a remote cover transverse flow 3107. Subsequently, since the cover transverse channel 3096(b) is connected to the first cover vertical channel 3095(b) within the cover module 3090(b), and the first cover vertical channel 3095(b) is connected to the interface liquid connector 3091(b), the remote cover transverse flow 3107 can flow into the first cover vertical channel 3095(b) and then flow out of the battery pack 3030 through the interface liquid connector 3091(b).

[0365] Please see Figure 21D , Figure 21E as well as Figure 21F . Figure 21D as well as Figure 21E The diagram illustrates the flow direction of the thermal management fluid when two interface fluid connectors are located on the same cover module. Figure 21F For corresponding Figure 21D as well as Figure 21E A three-dimensional schematic diagram.

[0366] In this embodiment, components that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components that have similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0367] In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may be connected to a circulation and heat exchange system 3080 to form a closed-loop liquid circulation system. When the closed-loop liquid circulation system is filled with liquid and pressure is applied by a pump to initiate liquid circulation, a corresponding liquid flow is generated.

[0368] In this embodiment, the battery pack 3030 may include multiple battery modules 3010, cover modules 3090(a) and cover modules 3090(b).

[0369] Please see Figure 21D as well as Figure 21F After entering the cover module 3090(a) through the interface liquid connector 3091(a), the thermal management liquid flows from the cover module 3090(a) into the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) to form the first module wall vertical flow 3104(a). Subsequently, the first module wall vertical flow 3104(a) flows into the cover lateral channel 3096' of the cover module 3090(b) to form the remote cover lateral flow 3107.

[0370] Please see Figure 21F The cover transverse channel 3096' may include a first transverse channel portion 30961 extending in the z direction and a second transverse channel portion 30962 extending in the y direction, so that the remote cover transverse flow 3107 can flow from the first transverse channel portion 30961 to the second transverse channel portion 30962.

[0371] like Figure 21D , Figure 21E as well as Figure 21F As shown, since the cover lateral channel 3096' is connected to multiple second module wall vertical channels 3098(b), the remote cover lateral flow 3107 can flow into the multiple second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) to form a second module wall vertical flow 3104(b). Subsequently, the second module wall vertical flow 3104(b) can flow into the battery pack space 3032 through multiple module wall lateral channels 3099(a) to form a module wall lateral flow 3105.

[0372] like Figure 21D as well as Figure 21FAs shown, the module wall lateral flow 3105 can flow from the battery pack space 3032 into multiple third module wall vertical channels 3098(c) through multiple module wall lateral channels 3099(b) to form a third module wall vertical flow 3104(c).

[0373] like Figure 21E as well as Figure 21F As shown, since multiple third module wall vertical channels 3098(c) are connected to the cover transverse channel 3096(a) of the cover module 3090(a), a proximal cover transverse flow 3102 is formed within the cover module 3090(a) after the third module wall vertical flow 3104(c) flows into the cover transverse channel 3096(a). Subsequently, the third module wall vertical flow 3104(c) can flow out of the battery pack 3030 through the interface liquid connector 3091(b).

[0374] It should be noted that, such as Figure 21F As shown, the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) and the third module wall vertical channel 3098(c) are disposed on the same xz plane and separated in the z direction. However, as Figure 21D As shown, the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall and the vertical channel 3098(c) of the third module wall are separated in the y-direction. This is only for illustrating the liquid flow and does not mean that the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall and the vertical channel 3098(c) of the third module wall are actually separated in the y-direction.

[0375] Furthermore, in the cover module 3090(b), the thick dashed liquid flow is used to indicate that the cover transverse channels 3096' are not limited to being arranged along the four sides of the cover module 3090(b). In some embodiments, the cover transverse channels 3096' may be arranged along any straight line connecting opposite sides of the cover module 3090(b), such as along the diagonal of the cover module 3090(b). For example, the second cover module may include at least one cover vertical channel that first communicates with the cover transverse channel along the y-direction, then with the cover transverse channel along the z-direction, and finally with another cover transverse channel along the y-direction.

[0376] pass Figure 21A , Figure 21B , Figure 21C , Figure 21D , Figure 21E as well as Figure 21FThe technical features presented herein allow the interface liquid connector to be positioned anywhere on the cover module. In some embodiments, multiple interface liquid connectors may be positioned on opposite cover modules or on the same cover module. In some embodiments, the interface liquid connector may be positioned on the four sides of the cover module or in the central area of ​​the cover module. Regardless of the location of the interface liquid connector, the thermal management liquid can still flow uniformly within the battery pack space through the aforementioned design to achieve uniform heat dissipation. In this way, the present invention solves the problem that the piping used to connect the battery pack to the circulation and heat exchange system is limited by environmental space and cannot be installed, or that this results in messy piping. The present invention also solves the problem that the battery pack installation space is occupied by messy piping.

[0377] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 22A as well as Figure 22B A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery pack 3030 is shown. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar designations as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0378] The battery pack 3030 may include a cover module 3090(a), a plurality of battery modules 3010, and a cover module 3090(b). The cover module 3090(a) may be connected to a first battery module 3010, and the cover module 3090(b) may be connected to a last battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the cover module 3090(a), battery modules 3010, and cover module 3090(b) may be sealed together to prevent thermal management fluid from leaking from the battery pack 3030.

[0379] In some embodiments, cover module 3090(a) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(a) and a high-voltage interface connector 3063, and cover module 3090(b) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(b) and another high-voltage interface connector 3063. In some embodiments, interface liquid connector 3091(a) may be disposed on cover module 3090(a) to allow thermal management liquid to flow into battery pack 3030. In some embodiments, interface liquid connector 3091(b) may be disposed on cover module 3090(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow out of battery pack 3030. Therefore, thermal management liquid can flow into the first battery module 3010 through interface liquid connector 3091(a) of cover module 3090(a) and out of the last battery module 3010 through interface liquid connector 3091(b) of cover module 3090(b). In some embodiments, interface liquid connector 3091(a) may be disposed on cover module 3090(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow into battery pack 3030. In some embodiments, the interface liquid connector 3091(b) may be disposed on the cover module 3090(a) (e.g. Figure 19BThe interface liquid connector 3091(c) shown is used to supply thermal management liquid to the battery pack 3030. Therefore, interface liquid connectors 3091(a) and 3091(b) can be located in the same cover module (e.g., cover module 3090(a)) or in different cover modules.

[0380] In some embodiments, the high-voltage interface connector 3063 of the cover module 3090(b) can be the negative electrode of the battery pack 3030, and the high-voltage interface connector 3063 of the cover module 3090(a) can be the positive electrode of the battery pack 3030.

[0381] In some embodiments, the number of battery modules 3010 may be equal to two, three, or other positive numbers greater than three. In some embodiments, the battery pack 3030 may contain only one battery module 3010.

[0382] In some embodiments, cover module 3090(a) may further include interface liquid connector 3091', and cover module 3090(b) may further include interface liquid connector 3091" (not shown). In some embodiments, interface liquid connector 3091' and interface liquid connector 3091" may have the same function as interface liquid connector 3091(a) and interface liquid connector 3091(b), respectively. For example, thermal management fluid may flow into battery pack 3030 from interface liquid connector 3091" and out of battery pack 3030 through interface liquid connector 3091'. Therefore, battery pack 3030 may have two sets of interface liquid connectors. In some embodiments, interface liquid connector 3091' and interface liquid connector 3091" may be omitted from battery pack 3030, so battery pack 3030 may have only one set of interface liquid connectors (i.e., interface liquid connector 3091(a) and interface liquid connector 3091(b)) to simplify the interface liquid connector configuration of battery pack 3030.

[0383] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 23 It is illustrated Figure 22B A partially exploded view of the battery pack 3030. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar designations as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0384] The battery pack 3030 may include a cover module 3090(a), a battery module 3010, and a cover module 3090(b). The cover module 3090(a) may be connected to the first battery module 3010, and the cover module 3090(b) may be connected to the last battery module 3010.

[0385] like Figure 22A as well as Figure 23 In some embodiments, the cover module 3090(a) may further include an interface liquid connector 3091(a), one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a), and a diverter 3109(a). The diverter 3109(a) may have one or more diversion ports 31091(a). In some embodiments, one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a) may communicate with the interface liquid connector 3091(a) to allow heat management liquid to flow out of the cover module 3090(a) through one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a). In some embodiments, the diverter 3109(a) may cover one or more outlet holes (not shown) of the cover module 3090(a) to create one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a). In some embodiments, the cover module 3090(a) may further include one or more cover transverse channels 3096(a). In some embodiments, the size and shape of one or more outlet holes may be the same as (or substantially similar to) or different from the size and shape of one or more cover transverse channels 3096(a). In some embodiments, when the thermal management fluid flows through the interface fluid connector 3091', the shunt may cover one or more cap lateral channels 3096(a) to create one or more first cap openings (not shown).

[0386] In some embodiments, the first battery module 3010 may further include a liquid-limiting housing 0080, one or more first module wall vertical channels 3098(a), and one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b). In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) and each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010 may be a through-hole to pass through the liquid-limiting housing 0080 of the first battery module 3010 to allow thermal management liquid to flow through the first battery module 3010. Therefore, when the first battery module 3010 is connected to the cover module 3090(a), each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) may communicate with a corresponding second cover vertical channel 3097(a) to receive thermal management liquid entering the first battery module 3010 via the interface liquid connector 3091(a) of the cover module 3090(a). In some embodiments, when the first battery module 3010 is connected to the cover module 3090(a), each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) may be aligned with a corresponding second cover vertical channel 3097(a) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) into the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a), and further flow out of the first battery module 3010 from the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b). In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) may be located in a portion of the sidewall of the liquid-limiting housing 0080, and each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may be located in a portion of the other sidewall of the liquid-limiting housing 0080.

[0387] In some embodiments, the last battery module 3010 may further include a liquid-limiting housing 0080, one or more first module wall vertical channels 3098(a), and one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b). In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) and each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010 may be a through-hole to pass through the liquid-limiting housing 0080 of the last battery module 3010. Therefore, when the last battery module 3010 is connected to the first battery module 3010, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the last battery module 3010 may communicate with the corresponding first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the first battery module 3010. In some embodiments, when the last battery module 3010 is connected to the first battery module 3010, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the last battery module 3010 may be aligned with the corresponding first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the first battery module 3010, so that thermal management liquid flows from the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the first battery module 3010 into the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) of the last battery module 3010, and further flows out from the last battery module 3010. Furthermore, when the last battery module 3010 is connected to the first battery module 3010, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010 may communicate with the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010. In some embodiments, when the last battery module 3010 is connected to the first battery module 3010, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010 may be aligned with the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010 so that thermal management liquid flows from the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010 into the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010, and further flows out of the last battery module 3010 from the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b).

[0388] like Figure 22B as well as Figure 23In some embodiments, the cover module 3090(b) may further include an interface liquid connector 3091(b), one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b) (not shown), and a distributor 3109(b) (not shown), and the distributor 3109(b) may also have one or more distribution ports 3109(b) (not shown). The descriptions of the second cover vertical channels 3097(b) and the distributor 3109(b) can be inferred by analogy from the descriptions of the second cover vertical channels 3097(a) and the distributor 3109(a). In some embodiments, the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) may communicate with the interface liquid connector 3091(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow into the cover module 3090(b) and out of the battery pack 3030 through the second cover vertical channel 3097(b). Furthermore, when the cover module 3090(b) is connected to the last battery module 3010, each of the second cover vertical channels 3097(b) may communicate with the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the last battery module 3010 to the cover module 3090(b). In some embodiments, when the cover module 3090(b) is connected to the last battery module 3010, each of the second cover vertical channels 3097(b) may be aligned with the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) into the second cover vertical channel 3097(b), and further flow out of the cover module 3090(b) of the battery pack 3030 from the interface liquid connector 3091(b).

[0389] In some embodiments, a distributor 3109(b) of the cover module 3090(b) may cover one or more inlet holes (not shown) of the cover module 3090(b) to create one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b). In some embodiments, the cover module 3090(b) may also include one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b) (not shown). The description of the cover transverse channels 3096(b) can be inferred by analogy to the description of the cover transverse channels 3096(a). In some embodiments, the size and shape of one or more inlet holes of the cover module 3090(b) may be the same as or different from the size and shape of one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b). In some embodiments, when thermal management fluid flows through the cover transverse channels 3096(b) of the cover module 3090(b), the distributor may cover one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b) to create one or more second cover openings (not shown).

[0390] In some embodiments, when the first battery module 3010 is connected to the cover module 3090(a), each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010 may be connected to a corresponding first cover opening. In some embodiments, when the first battery module 3010 is connected to the cover module 3090(a), each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may be aligned with a corresponding first cover opening to allow thermal management liquid to flow between the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) and the first cover opening.

[0391] In some embodiments, when the cover module 3090(b) is connected to the last battery module 3010, each second cover opening may be connected to a corresponding first module wall vertical channel 3098(a). In some embodiments, when the cover module 3090(b) is connected to the last battery module 3010, each second cover opening may be aligned with a corresponding first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) to allow thermal management liquid to flow between the second cover opening and the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a).

[0392] In some embodiments, each battery module 3010 may further include a liquid-limiting housing 0080, one or more first module wall vertical channels 3098(a), one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b), and a battery pack space 3032. In some embodiments, each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) and each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may be a through-hole to pass through the liquid-limiting housing 0080. Therefore, as Figure 23 As shown, when the first battery module 3010 is connected to the cover module 3090(a), each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) can communicate with a corresponding second cover vertical channel 3097(a). In some embodiments, when the first battery module 3010 is connected to the cover module 3090(a), each first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) can be aligned with a corresponding second cover vertical channel 3097(a) so that thermal management liquid flows from the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) into the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a), and further flows out of the first battery module 3010 from the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a).

[0393] In some embodiments, when the last battery module 3010 is connected to the first battery module 3010, each of one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010 may communicate with a corresponding one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010. In some embodiments, when the last battery module 3010 is connected to the first battery module 3010, each of one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010 may be aligned with a corresponding one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010 to allow thermal management liquid to flow from one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of the first battery module 3010 into one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) of the last battery module 3010, and further out of the last battery module 3010 from the second module wall vertical channels 3098(b).

[0394] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 24A as well as Figure 24B They were drawn respectively Figure 22A The images show a front view and a rear view of the cover module 3090(a). In some embodiments, the outer surface of the cover module 3090(a) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(a), a high-pressure interface connector 3063, and an interface liquid connector 3091'. Furthermore, the inner surface of the cover module 3090(a) may also include one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a), one or more cover transverse channels 3096(a), and a distributor 3109(a).

[0395] In some embodiments, the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) (the related description of which can be deduced by analogy with the first cover vertical channel 3095(a)) may be a through hole to pass through the cover module 3090(a). Therefore, the inner surface of the cover module 3090(a) may also include the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a). In some embodiments, the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) may communicate with one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a). Therefore, when thermal management liquid flows into the cover module 3090(a) through the interface liquid connector 3091(a), the thermal management liquid can flow out of the cover module 3090(a) through one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a). In some embodiments, the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) may not be aligned with one or more second cover vertical channels 3097.

[0396] In some embodiments, the central hole of the interface liquid connector 3091' (as described in analogy to the first cover vertical channel 3095(a)) may be a through hole through which the cover module 3090(a) passes. Therefore, the inner surface of the cover module 3090(a) may include the central hole of the interface liquid connector 3091'. In some embodiments, the central hole of the interface liquid connector 3091' may communicate with one or more cover transverse channels 3096(a). Therefore, when thermal management liquid flows into the cover module 3090(a) through the interface liquid connector 3091', thermal management liquid can flow out of the cover module 3090(a) through one or more cover transverse channels 3096(a). In some embodiments, when thermal management liquid flows out of the cover module 3090(a) through the interface liquid connector 3091', thermal management liquid can flow into the cover module 3090(a) through one or more cover transverse channels 3096(a).

[0397] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 24C It is illustrated Figure 24B Rear view of cover module 3090(a) without splitter 3109(a), and Figure 24D It is illustrated Figure 24B A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the shunt 3109(a).

[0398] In some embodiments, when the distributor 3109(a) is removed from the cover module 3090(a), one or more cover lateral channels 3096(a) and the inlet orifice of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) may be exposed to the internal surface of the cover module 3090(a). Figure 24C As shown, compared to Figure 24B In some embodiments, the inlet orifice of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) may not be aligned with one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a).

[0399] In some embodiments, the shunt 3109(a) may have one or more shunt ports 31091(a). In some embodiments, the one or more shunt ports 31091(a) may be different from each other. For example, the one or more shunt ports 31091(a) may have the same shape, but the dimensions of the one or more shunt ports 31091(a) may be different from each other. Alternatively, the shape and dimensions of the one or more shunt ports 31091(a) may be different from each other.

[0400] In some embodiments, when the cover module 3090(a) includes a diverter 3109(a), one or more diverter ports 31091(a) can be considered as one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a). Therefore, in some embodiments, each second cover vertical channel 3097(a) may be different from the other second cover vertical channels 3097(a). For example, the shapes of one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a) may be the same as each other, but the dimensions of one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a) may be different from each other; or, the shapes and dimensions of one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(a) may be different from each other.

[0401] In some embodiments, the distributor 3109(a) may be directly integrated with the cover module 3090(a) to form a single component (e.g., via a monolithic molding process). Therefore, the cover module 3090(a) may include one or more first fluid cavities (not shown in the figures, such as monolithic manifold structures). In some embodiments, the one or more first fluid cavities may communicate with each other to allow thermal management fluid to flow between the one or more first fluid cavities, and may communicate with at least one second cover vertical channel 3097(a) to allow thermal management fluid to flow out of the cover module 3090(a). Furthermore, the inlet orifice of the interface fluid connector 3091(a) may communicate directly with one of the one or more first fluid cavities to allow thermal management fluid to flow into the cover module 3090(a).

[0402] like Figure 23 as well as Figure 24B In some embodiments, because each second cover vertical channel 3097(a) can communicate with a corresponding module wall vertical channel 3098(a), the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(a) can be equal to the number of module wall vertical channels 3098(a). In some embodiments, the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(a) can be one, and the number of module wall vertical channels 3098(a) can also be one. In some embodiments, such as Figure 24B As shown, the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(a) can be equal to three, and the number of module wall vertical channels 3098(a) can also be equal to three. In other words, the cover module 3090(a) can contain multiple second cover vertical channels 3097(a), and the battery module 3010 can also contain the same number of module wall vertical channels 3098(a).

[0403] like Figure 23 as well as Figure 24BAs shown, in some embodiments, when the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(a) is greater than one, the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) adjacent to the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) may be smaller than the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) distant from the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a). In some embodiments, the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) may be associated with the distance between the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) and the second cover vertical channel 3097(a). In some embodiments, the size of each second cover vertical channel 3097(a) may be determined based on its distance from the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a). In some embodiments, as the distance from the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) to the inlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(a) increases, the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(a) also increases accordingly. Therefore, as Figure 24B As shown, the leftmost second cover vertical channel 3097(a) of the distributor 3109(a) can be the smallest among the plurality of second cover vertical channels 3097(a), and the rightmost second cover vertical channel 3097(a) of the distributor 3109(a) can be the largest among the plurality of second cover vertical channels 3097(a). In this way, the distributor 3109(a) provided by the present invention can control the liquid flow rate / velocity at different distribution ports 31091(a), thereby making the liquid flow rate / velocity in the battery pack space 3032 more uniform.

[0404] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 25A as well as Figure 25B They were drawn respectively Figure 22B The figures show a front view and a rear view of the cover module 3090(b). In some embodiments, the outer surface of the cover module 3090(b) may include an interface liquid connector 3091(b), a high-pressure interface connector 3063, and an interface liquid connector 3091". Furthermore, the inner surface of the cover module 3090(b) may also include one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b), one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b), and a distributor 3109(b).

[0405] In some embodiments, the outlet port of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) (the relevant description of which can be deduced by analogy with the foregoing description of the first cover vertical channel 3095(b)) may be a through-hole to pass through the cover module 3090(b). Therefore, the inner surface of the cover module 3090(b) may also include the outlet port of the interface liquid connector 3091(b). In some embodiments, the outlet port of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) may communicate with one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b). Therefore, the thermal management liquid may first flow into the cover module 3090(b) through one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b), and then flow out of the cover module 3090(b) through the interface liquid connector 3091(b). In some embodiments, the outlet port of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) may not be aligned with one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b).

[0406] In some embodiments, the central hole of the interface liquid connector 3091” (the relevant description of which can be deduced by analogy with the foregoing description of the first cover vertical channel 3095(b)) may be a through hole to pass through the cover module 3090(b). Therefore, the internal surface of the cover module 3090(b) may also include the central hole of the interface liquid connector 3091”. In some embodiments, the central hole of the interface liquid connector 3091” may communicate with one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b). Therefore, when thermal management liquid flows into the cover module 3090(b) through the interface liquid connector 3091”, thermal management liquid can flow out of the cover module 3090(b) through one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b). In some embodiments, when thermal management liquid flows out of the cover module 3090(b) through the interface liquid connector 3091”, thermal management liquid can flow into the cover module 3090(b) through one or more cover transverse channels 3096(b).

[0407] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 25C It is illustrated Figure 25B The rear view of the cover module 3090(b) does not include the diverter 3109(b). In some embodiments, when the diverter 3109(b) is removed from the cover module 3090(b), one or more cover lateral channels 3096(b) and the outlet orifice of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) may be exposed to the internal surface of the cover module 3090(b). Figure 25C As shown, compared to Figure 25B In some embodiments, the outlet orifice of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) may not be aligned with one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b).

[0408] In some embodiments, the shunt 3109(b) may have one or more shunt ports 31091(b), and the description of the shunt ports 31091(b) can be deduced by analogy with the foregoing description of the shunt port 31091(a). In some embodiments, the one or more shunt ports 31091(b) may be different from each other. For example, the one or more shunt ports 31091(b) may have the same shape, but the size of the one or more shunt ports 31091(b) may be different from each other. Alternatively, the shape and size of the one or more shunt ports 31091(b) may be different from each other.

[0409] In some embodiments, when the cover module 3090(b) includes a diverter 3109(b), one or more diverter ports 31091(b) can be considered as one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b). Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b) may be different from each other. For example, one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b) may have the same shape, but the dimensions of one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b) may be different from each other; or, the shape and dimensions of one or more second cover vertical channels 3097(b) may be different from each other.

[0410] In some embodiments, the distributor 3109(b) may be directly integrated with the cover module 3090(b) to form a single component (e.g., via a monolithic molding process). Therefore, the cover module 3090(b) may include one or more second fluid cavities (not shown in the figures, such as monolithic manifold structures). In some embodiments, the one or more second fluid cavities may communicate with each other to allow thermal management fluid to flow between the one or more second fluid cavities and communicate with at least one second cover vertical channel 3097(b) to allow thermal management fluid inflow into the cover module 3090(b). Furthermore, the outlet orifice of the interface fluid connector 3091(b) may communicate directly with one of the one or more second fluid cavities to allow thermal management fluid outflow from the cover module 3090(b).

[0411] Depend on Figure 23 as well as Figure 25B It is understood that, in some embodiments, since each second cover vertical channel 3097(b) can communicate with a corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b), the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(b) can be equal to the number of second module wall vertical channels 3098(b). In some embodiments, the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(b) can be equal to one, and the number of second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) can also be equal to one. In some embodiments, such as Figure 25BAs shown, the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(b) can be equal to three, and the number of second module wall vertical channels 3098(b) can also be equal to three. In other words, cover module 3090(b) can contain multiple second cover vertical channels 3097(b), and battery module 3010 can contain the same number of second module wall vertical channels 3098(b).

[0412] like Figure 23 as well as Figure 25B In some embodiments, when the number of second cover vertical channels 3097(b) is greater than one, the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) adjacent to the outlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) may be larger than the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) farther from the outlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(b). In some embodiments, the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) may be determined based on its distance from the outlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(b). In some embodiments, as the distance from the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) to the outlet hole of the interface liquid connector 3091(b) increases, the size of the second cover vertical channel 3097(b) also increases accordingly. Therefore, in Figure 25B In this design, the leftmost second cover vertical channel 3097(b) of the distributor 3109(b) can be the smallest among the plurality of second cover vertical channels 3097(b), and the rightmost second cover vertical channel 3097(b) of the distributor 3109(b) can be the largest among the plurality of second cover vertical channels 3097(b). In this way, the distributor 3109(b) provided by this invention can control the liquid flow rate / velocity at different distribution ports 31091(b), thereby making the liquid flow rate / velocity in the battery pack space 3032 more uniform.

[0413] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 26A for Figure 23 A 3D schematic diagram of the 3010 battery module. Figure 26B for Figure 23 Front view of battery module 3010 Figure 27A For the corresponding Figure 26A A magnified view of the upper left corner area of ​​battery module 3010. Figure 27B for Figure 26B A cross-sectional view of the battery module 3010 along section line C-C'. Figure 27C for Figure 26B An enlarged schematic diagram of region B. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0414] In some embodiments, the battery module 3010 may further include a battery holder 0050. In some embodiments, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may further include four side walls 0091 (i.e., the east wall 0096, south wall 0097, west wall 0098, and north wall 0099 of the peripheral wall 0090), a plurality of battery holder fixing structures 0082 extending from the peripheral wall 0090, and a battery holder stop structure 0140 extending from the peripheral wall 0090. In some embodiments, the battery holder fixing structure 0082 and the battery holder stop structure 0140 may be used to support a battery bracket (e.g., the battery holder 0050). In some embodiments, the battery bracket may be used to accommodate and support a plurality of battery cells 0020 (not shown in the figure). For example, the battery bracket and the battery holder 0050 may respectively accommodate two electrode ends of the battery cells 0020.

[0415] In some embodiments, each second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) may further include one or more module wall transverse channels 3099(b) and a flow guide 0053 to guide thermal management liquid from the battery pack space 3032 into the corresponding second module wall vertical channel 3098(b), thereby cooling the battery cells 0020 in the battery pack space 3032. Therefore, the battery pack space 3032 may communicate with the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) to allow thermal management liquid to flow from the battery pack space 3032 into the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) and out from the interface liquid connector 3091(b) of the battery pack 3030. In some embodiments, the module wall transverse channel 3099(b) and the flow guide 0053 may together form at least one transverse slit corresponding to the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b). The angle between the peripheral wall 0090 and the flow direction Dfs of the thermal management liquid flowing through the transverse slit may be an acute angle, such as... Figure 27C As shown. In some embodiments, at least one lateral slit can guide the lateral flow 3105 of the module wall flowing in the flow direction Dfs to have a lateral flow component, thereby guiding the thermal management liquid to flow to the corner of the battery pack space 3032. In this way, the thermal management liquid can flow sufficiently through the battery module 3010, and the temperature of the thermal management liquid in the battery module 3010 can be reduced more uniformly.

[0416] In some embodiments, a plurality of battery accommodating structures 0060 located in the battery pack space 3032 may be formed by a battery holder 0050 connected to a liquid-limiting housing 0080. Each battery accommodating structure 0060 formed by the battery holder 0050 may be used to accommodate one of the electrode ends of a battery cell 0020.

[0417] like Figure 27AAs shown, when the battery holder 0050 is assembled with the liquid-limiting housing 0080 and the battery cell 0020 to form the battery module 3010, the battery holder 0050 may have an inner surface 0054 facing the battery cell 0020 (i.e., facing the battery area 0051) and an outer surface opposite to the inner surface 0054. In some embodiments, the flow guide 0053 may extend from the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050 and be disposed between the battery holder stop structures 0140, or between the battery holder stop structures 0140 and the transverse channel 3099 of the module wall (but not limited thereto, that is, the position of the flow guide 0053 on the inner surface 0054 may vary according to the actual liquid flow control and heat dissipation requirements).

[0418] When two battery holders are fixed within the battery pack space 3032, the height of the flow guide 0053 in the x-direction is less than or equal to the shortest distance between the inner surfaces 0054 of the two battery holders. When any two battery cells 0020 are fixed between two adjacent battery holder fixing structures 0082, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow guide 0053 in the xy or xz plane (hereinafter referred to as the flow guide cross-sectional area) is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area between the two battery cells 0020 in the xy or xz plane (hereinafter referred to as the battery cell cross-sectional area). The liquid flow velocity between the two battery cells 0020 decreases as the flow guide cross-sectional area increases. When the flow guide cross-sectional area is almost equal to the battery cell cross-sectional area, the liquid flow velocity between the two battery cells 0020 is zero. In other words, the arrangement of multiple flow guides 0053 on the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050 determines the liquid flow direction within the battery pack space 3032, ensuring uniform heat dissipation of the components within the battery pack space 3032.

[0419] In some embodiments, the flow guide 0053 may include a plurality of extending posts 00531 (e.g., in a triangular prism shape, but not limited thereto) extending from the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050. In some embodiments, the extending posts 00531 may be arranged along the east wall surface 0096 and the west wall surface 0098. Thus, as Figure 26A as well as Figure 27A A portion of the extension pillars 00531 may be adjacent (e.g., within the diameter of the battery cell 0020) to a sidewall 0091 having a first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) (e.g., east wall 0096), and another portion of the extension pillars 00531 may be adjacent (e.g., within the diameter of the battery cell 0020) to a sidewall 0091 having a second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) (e.g., west wall 0098), to change the flow direction of the module wall lateral flow 3105 when entering the battery pack space 3032. In other words, a portion of the extension pillars 00531 may be adjacent to one or more first module wall vertical channels 3098(a), and the remaining portion of the extension pillars 00531 may be adjacent to one or more second module wall vertical channels 3098(b).

[0420] In some embodiments, each extension post 00531 may be disposed between three adjacent battery housing structures 0060. In some embodiments, the extension post 00531 may be adjacent to one of the west wall surface 0098 and the east wall surface 0096. In some embodiments, the distance from the extension post 00531 to one of the west wall surface 0098 and the east wall surface 0096 may be approximately the diameter of the battery housing structure 0060. In some embodiments, the distance from the extension post 00531 to one of the west wall surface 0098 and the east wall surface 0096 may be equal to or less than the diameter of the battery housing structure 0060. In some embodiments, the minimum distance d from the extension post 00531 to one of the west wall surface 0098 and the east wall surface 0096 is... m It can be smaller than the diameter of the battery housing structure 0060. In some embodiments, along direction D from the axis of the extension post 00531 LO (Right now Figure 27A The distance d from the y-direction shown to the curved edge of either the west wall (0098) or the east wall (0096) is... l It can be smaller than the diameter of the battery housing structure 0060.

[0421] In some embodiments, the distance Ds from the battery holder stop structure 0140 to the top wall surface 0083 of the liquid limiting housing 0080 may be slightly shorter than the distance Dc from the extension post 00531 to the top wall surface 0083. It should be noted that, as Figure 27B As shown, distance Ds can be defined as the minimum vertical distance from the battery holder stop structure 0140 to the top wall surface 0083, and distance Dc can be defined as the minimum vertical distance from the extension post 00531 to the top wall surface 0083. Therefore, when the battery holder is assembled with the liquid-limiting housing 0080, the distance from the battery holder to the extension post 00531 can be equal to the difference between distance Ds and distance Dc. Furthermore, the distance from the battery holder to the extension post 00531 can be reduced to prevent thermal management fluid from flowing through the extension post 00531. In other words, the thermal management fluid may not flow through the extension post 00531, so that when the thermal management fluid flows through the transverse slit, the extension post 00531 can guide the thermal management fluid along the transverse direction D. LA (Right now Figure 27A (As shown in the z-direction) flows towards the corner of the battery pack space 3032. Therefore, the thermal management fluid can flow sufficiently through the battery module 3010, and the temperature of the thermal management fluid in the battery module 3010 can be reduced more uniformly.

[0422] like Figure 26A as well as Figure 27AAs shown, in some embodiments, the transverse channel 3099(a) of the module wall and the guide member 0053 may together form at least one transverse slit corresponding to the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall to guide the thermal management liquid from the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall into the battery pack space 3032 to cool the battery cells 0020 in the battery pack space 3032. In some embodiments, the angle between one of the west wall surface 0098 and the east wall surface 0096 and the flow direction Dfs of the thermal management liquid flowing through the transverse slit may be an acute angle. In some embodiments, the transverse slit may guide the transverse flow 3105 of the module wall flowing along the flow direction Dfs to have a transverse flow component to guide the thermal management liquid to flow towards the corner of the battery pack space 3032, so that the thermal management liquid can flow sufficiently through the battery module 3010 and the temperature of the thermal management liquid in the battery module 3010 can be reduced more uniformly.

[0423] In some embodiments, the flow direction of the thermal management fluid flowing through the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall may be parallel to the assembly direction between the battery module 3010 and the cover module 3090(a), and may be perpendicular to the flow direction Dfs of the thermal management fluid flowing through the transverse slit. In some embodiments, the flow direction of the thermal management fluid flowing through the vertical channel 3098(b) of the second module wall may be parallel to the assembly direction between the battery module 3010 and the cover module 3090(a), and perpendicular to the flow direction Dfs of the thermal management fluid flowing through the transverse slit.

[0424] According to another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 28 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the upper left corner area corresponding to battery module 3010. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0425] In some embodiments, a plurality of battery accommodating structures 0060 may be formed by a battery holder 0050 connected to a liquid-limiting housing 0080 for accommodating battery cells 0020 in a battery pack space 3032. Each battery accommodating structure 0060 formed by the battery holder 0050 may be used to accommodate one of the two electrode ends of the battery cell 0020. In some embodiments, a flow guide 0053 may include a plurality of extending posts 00531 and a plurality of extending walls 00532, all of which may extend from the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050. In some embodiments, the extending walls 00532 may be disposed at the four corners of the battery holder 0050. In some embodiments, each extending wall 00532 may extend from the battery holder 0050 and be sandwiched between two adjacent battery accommodating structures 0060.

[0426] Depend on Figure 27B as well as Figure 28It is understood that the flow guide 0053 may also include a plurality of extending walls 00532 (e.g., in the form of curved sheets, but not limited thereto) extending from the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050. In some embodiments, the distance Ds from the battery holder stop structure 0140 to the top wall surface 0083 may be slightly shorter than the distance Dc from the extending post 00531 to the top wall surface 0083, and the distance Dc may be equal to the distance from the extending wall 00532 to the top wall surface 0083. It should be noted that, as Figure 27B As shown, distance Ds can be defined as the minimum vertical distance from the battery holder stop structure 0140 to the top wall surface 0083, and distance Dc can be defined as the minimum vertical distance from the extension wall 00532 to the top wall surface 0083. Therefore, when the battery holder is assembled with the liquid-limiting housing 0080, the distance from the battery holder to each extension wall 00532 can be equal to the difference between distances Ds and Dc. Furthermore, the distance from the battery holder to each extension wall 00532 can be reduced to prevent thermal management fluid from flowing through the extension wall 00532. In other words, the thermal management fluid may not flow through the extension wall 00532, allowing the extension wall 00532 to guide the thermal management fluid along the lateral direction D. LA (Right now Figure 28 The thermal management fluid flows towards the corner of the battery pack space 3032 in the z direction (as shown), thereby allowing the thermal management fluid to flow sufficiently through the battery module 3010 and reducing the temperature of the thermal management fluid in the battery module 3010 more uniformly.

[0427] Please see Figure 29A , Figure 29B , Figure 29C as well as Figure 29D . Figure 29A This is a cross-sectional view of the 3030 battery pack. Figure 29B for Figure 29A A partial cross-sectional view of the battery pack 3030 along section line D-D'. Figure 29C as well as Figure 29D for Figure 29A A cross-sectional view of the battery pack 3030 along section line E-E'. Note that the term "lateral" refers to... Figure 29A , Figure 29B , Figure 29C as well as Figure 29D Any vector located on the yz plane. For example, a lateral fluid flow can be a fluid flow that moves only in the z direction on the yz plane; a lateral channel can be a channel located on the yz plane that extends only in the z direction. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar designations as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0428] Please see Figure 29BThis is a cross-sectional view of the battery area 0051. In the y-direction, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may have module wall transverse channels 3099 formed on two opposing sidewalls 0091. Module wall vertical flow 3104 flows into the battery pack space 3032 from the module wall transverse channels 3099 to form module wall transverse flow 3105. Without the guide 0053, the module wall transverse flow 3105 would mainly flow along the y-direction in the space between the battery cells 0020, resulting in less flow in the z-direction. This situation would cause some areas within the battery pack space 3032 to have almost no or no liquid flow, thereby hindering heat dissipation and causing uneven cooling. Therefore, in order to increase the lateral fluid flow in the z-direction, the battery holder 0050 may have multiple flow guides 0053. The multiple flow guides 0053 are arranged at the positions of the corresponding module wall lateral channels 3099 and are located between the battery housing structures 0060. Thus, the lateral flow 3105 of the module wall can be blocked by the flow guides 0053 and the battery cells 0020 and flow simultaneously in the z and y directions, so as to generate a more uniform liquid temperature distribution in the battery pack space 3032, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the battery pack 3030 and solving the problem of uneven cooling.

[0429] Please see Figure 29C This is a cross-sectional view of the edge region 0052. In the y-direction, the liquid-limiting housing 0080 may have transverse modules 3099 formed on two opposing sidewalls 0091. In the edge region 0052, multiple flow guides 0053 may be positioned at corresponding transverse modules 3099 and arranged along the y-direction. Thus, the flow guides 0053 can guide the transverse flow 3105 of the modules 3105 to flow in both the z and y directions, thereby generating a more uniform liquid temperature distribution within the battery pack space 3032 and improving the cooling efficiency of the battery pack 3030. Furthermore, the flow guides 0053 can also restrict the installation position of the battery connection member 0026.

[0430] Please see Figure 29D This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the edge region 0052 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a plurality of flow guides 0053 can be arranged along the z-direction, thereby guiding the transverse flow 3105 of the module wall to flow in both the z and y directions through the space between the flow guides 0053, so as to generate a more uniform liquid temperature distribution within the battery pack space 3032, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the battery pack 3030. In addition, the flow guides 0053 can also restrict the installation position of the battery connecting member 0026. It is understood that, in one embodiment, the flow guides 0053 arranged along the y and z directions respectively can be used in combination as needed, and are not limited to being arranged only in a single direction.

[0431] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 30B This is a 3D schematic diagram of battery holder 0050' (i.e., battery bracket). Figure 30A for Figure 26A Battery module 3010 and Figure 30B The diagram shows the assembly of battery holder 0050'. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0432] In some embodiments, the battery holder 0050' may include a plurality of battery accommodating structures 0060, a plurality of fixing planes 0056, and an internal surface 0054. For example... Figure 27A as well as Figure 30A As shown, the battery housing structure 0060 of battery holder 0050 and battery holder 0050' can accommodate the two opposite electrode ends of battery cell 0020. In some embodiments, when battery holder 0050 and battery holder 0050' are assembled in the liquid-limiting housing 0080, the fixing plane 0056 can be fixed to the battery holder fixing structure 0082, and the inner surface 0054 of battery holder 0050' can be connected to the battery holder stop structure 0140 of battery holder 0050. It should be noted that the fixing plane 0056 extends outward from the peripheral edge of battery holder 0050' along the y-direction or z-direction and has a fixing hole formed thereon. When the fixing hole is aligned with the battery holder fixing structure 0082, the fastener 0152 can pass through the fixing plane 0056 to lock into the battery holder fixing structure 0082, so that battery holder 0050' can be locked in the liquid-limiting housing 0080 by the fastener 0152. In one embodiment, the thickness of the fixed plane 0056 in the x-direction is less than the thickness of the battery holder 0050' in the x-direction.

[0433] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 31A for Figure 30B Front view of the assembly of battery module 3010 and battery holder 0050'. Figure 31B for Figure 31A This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery module 3010 and battery holder 0050' assembled along section line F-F'. Components in this embodiment that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components with similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0434] In some embodiments, each battery receiving structure 0060 formed by the battery holder 0050 may be aligned with the battery receiving structure 0060 of the battery holder 0050'. For example... Figure 27B as well as Figure 31BThe battery holder 0050' can be supported by the battery holder stop structure 0140 of the liquid-limiting housing 0080. In some embodiments, since the battery holder 0050' is assembled in the liquid-limiting housing 0080, a portion of the transverse channel 3099 of each module wall can be blocked by the battery holder 0050'. Therefore, thermal management fluid can flow from the battery pack space 3032 into the vertical channel 3098(b) of the second module wall through the unblocked portion of the transverse channel 3099 of each module wall. Similarly, as Figure 26B as well as Figure 31A As shown, in some embodiments, since the battery holder 0050' is assembled in the liquid-limiting housing 0080, a portion of each inlet slit of the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) can be blocked by the battery holder 0050'. Therefore, thermal management fluid can flow from the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a) into the battery pack space 3032 through the unblocked portion of each inlet slit of the first module wall vertical channel 3098(a).

[0435] Depend on Figure 27A as well as Figure 31B It is understood that, in some embodiments, the distance Df from the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050 to the top wall surface 0083 of the liquid limiting housing 0080 can be substantially greater than the distance Da from the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050 to the inner surface 0054 of the battery holder 0050'. In some embodiments, the length of the unobstructed portion of each module wall transverse channel 3099 can be equal to the distance Da. In this way, when the thermal management liquid flows into the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b), the thermal management liquid can easily flow into the second module wall vertical channel 3098(b) because the length of the unobstructed portion of each module wall transverse channel 3099 is long enough.

[0436] Similarly, as Figure 26B as well as Figure 31A As shown, in some embodiments, the length of the unobstructed portion of each inlet slit can be equal to the distance Da. In this way, when the thermal management liquid flows into the battery pack space 3032 from the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall, the thermal management liquid can easily flow into the battery pack space 3032 because the length of the unobstructed portion of each inlet slit of the vertical channel 3098(a) of the first module wall is long enough.

[0437] In some embodiments, the distance Ds from the battery holder stop structure 0140 to the top wall surface 0083 of the liquid limiting housing 0080 may be slightly shorter than the distance Dc from the extension post 00531 to the top wall surface 0083 of the liquid limiting housing 0080. Therefore, when the battery holder 0050' is assembled with the liquid limiting housing 0080, the distance from the battery holder 0050' to the extension post 00531 may be equal to the difference between distances Ds and Dc. Furthermore, the distance from the battery holder 0050' to the extension post 0053 may be reduced to prevent thermal management fluid from flowing through the extension post 00531. In other words, the thermal management fluid may not flow through the extension post 00531, allowing the extension post 00531 to guide the thermal management fluid along... Figure 27C The horizontal direction D in LA It flows towards the corners of the battery pack space 3032. In this way, the thermal management fluid can flow sufficiently through the battery module 3010, and the temperature of the thermal management fluid in the battery module 3010 can be reduced more uniformly.

[0438] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 32A for Figure 22B Battery pack 3030 not displayed Figure 23 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the liquid-limiting shell at 0080°. Figure 32B It is illustrated Figure 32A The electronic connection structure of the battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120.

[0439] In this embodiment, components that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components that have similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0440] like Figure 22B as well as Figure 32A In some embodiments, each battery module 3010 may include corresponding battery monitoring circuits 3110, 3120 (i.e., Figure 12A The battery monitoring device 0260 shown is illustrated. In some embodiments, battery monitoring circuit 3110 may be electrically connected to battery monitoring circuit 3120 for transmitting monitoring data or control signals. In some embodiments, the electrical connector of battery monitoring circuit 3110 may be mounted on battery module 3010 and may be exposed on liquid-limiting housing 0080. The electrical connector of battery monitoring circuit 3120 may be mounted on battery module 3010 and may be exposed on liquid-limiting housing 0080. When battery modules 3010 are connected to each other, the electrical connector of battery monitoring circuit 3110 may also be directly or electrically connected to the electrical connector of battery monitoring circuit 3120. In some embodiments, when battery modules are connected to each other, the electrical connectors of battery monitoring circuit 3110 and battery monitoring circuit 3120 may not be exposed outside battery module 3010.

[0441] In some embodiments, such as Figure 32A as well as Figure 32B As shown, the battery module 3010 may also include at least one printed circuit board (PCB) with specific functions. Such functional PCBs may be arranged within the battery pack space 3032, or as previously disclosed (see...). Figure 12A (and its related description) are located in vertical wall channel 0230, or simultaneously in both of the above spaces.

[0442] In some embodiments, such as Figure 32B As shown, the battery module 3010 may also include at least one flexible printed circuit (FPC) assembly with specific functions. Such functional flexible printed circuit board assemblies may be arranged within the battery pack space 3032, or as previously disclosed (see...). Figure 12A (and its related description) are located in vertical wall channel 0230, or simultaneously in both of the above spaces.

[0443] In some embodiments, such as Figure 32B As shown, the battery module 3010 may also include at least one circuit board (PCB-FPC) interface 3163 for electrically or signal connecting the printed circuit board and the flexible circuit board. In some embodiments, the circuit board interface 3163 may be a pair of connectors respectively disposed on the printed circuit board and the flexible circuit board and interconnected.

[0444] For example, such as Figure 32B As shown, each battery module 3010 of the battery pack 3030 includes a printed circuit board disposed in a vertical wall channel 0230 (not shown in this figure), and includes two flexible circuit board assemblies disposed in another vertical wall channel (or the same vertical wall channel on which the printed circuit board is disposed) and the battery pack space 3032, wherein the circuit board interface 3163 is disposed in the vertical wall channel and on the printed circuit board.

[0445] like Figure 32B As shown, each flexible circuit board assembly includes a first portion located in a vertical wall channel and a second portion located in a battery pack space 3032. In the vertical wall channel, the first portions of the two flexible circuit board assemblies are signal- and electrically connected to the circuit board interface 3163 and the printed circuit board. In the vertical wall channel, the body of the first portion of each flexible circuit board assembly extends vertically to a vertical position within the vertical wall channel. At this vertical position, the body of each flexible circuit board assembly can continuously extend along the z-direction and thus enter the battery pack space 3032 (this portion is considered the second portion of the flexible circuit board assembly).

[0446] In some embodiments, a second portion of the flexible circuit board assembly may extend laterally in the battery pack space 3032 to be directly attached to the battery cell assembly 0010 in any lateral direction to establish an electrical and / or signal connection between the flexible circuit board assembly and the battery cell assembly 0010.

[0447] For example, such as Figure 32B As shown, the second part of the flexible circuit board assembly extends along the +y edge (in the z direction) of the battery cell assembly 0010 and connects to and directly contacts each battery connection member 0026.

[0448] For example, such as Figure 32B As shown, the second part of the flexible circuit board assembly may also include a branch that extends from the +y edge of the battery cell assembly 0010 along the -y direction of the battery cell assembly 0010 to reach a specific lateral position of the battery cell assembly 0010, and connects to and directly contacts the battery connection member 0026 at the specific lateral position.

[0449] In some embodiments, the functional purpose of the circuit configuration of the printed circuit board and flexible circuit board assembly may be battery monitoring. For example, the printed circuit board may be a battery monitoring device, which may include a processor, controller, and driver to control sensors used to sense the state of battery cell 0020 or battery cell assembly 0010. Such sensors and the circuit configuration for sensing may be disposed on the flexible circuit board assembly and form a loop connected to the printed circuit board on which the battery monitoring device is disposed.

[0450] In some embodiments, the functional purpose of the circuit configuration of the printed circuit board and flexible circuit board assembly may be to heat the battery pack. For example, the printed circuit board may be a battery heating device, which may include a processor, controller, and driver to control a heater used to heat the battery pack space 3032. Such a heater and the circuit configuration for heating may be disposed on the flexible circuit board assembly and form a loop connected to the printed circuit board on which a battery monitoring device is disposed.

[0451] In some embodiments, each battery module 3010 may also include a plurality of battery cells 0020. In some embodiments, the first battery module 3010 may further include a plurality of battery connection members 0026(a) and a plurality of battery connection members 0026(b), and each battery cell 0020 of the first battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(a) and one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(b). In some embodiments, the last battery module 3010 may further include a plurality of battery connection members 0026(c) and a plurality of battery connection members 0026(d), and each battery cell 0020 of the last battery module 3010 may be electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(c) and one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(d). In some embodiments, the plurality of battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b), 0026(c), and 0026(d) can be used to electrically connect the battery cells 0020 to each other. Furthermore, the battery cell 0020 can be electrically connected in series or in parallel via multiple battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b), 0026(c), and 0026(d). For example... Figure 22A , Figure 22B as well as Figure 32A As shown, in some embodiments, one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(a) is electrically connected to the high-voltage interface connector 3063 of the cover module 3090(a), and one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(d) is electrically connected to the high-voltage interface connector 3063 of the cover module 3090(b). Furthermore, one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(b) is electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery connection members 0026(c). In this way, the battery cell 0020 can be discharged or store energy through the high-voltage interface connectors 3063 of both the cover module 3090(a) and the cover module 3090(b).

[0452] In some embodiments, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 may be electrically connected to battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b) and a plurality of battery sensing circuits 3111. The battery sensing circuits 3111 may be electrically connected to at least one battery connection member 0026(a) and at least one battery connection member 0026(b). In some embodiments, the battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b) and the battery sensing circuits 3111 may be housed in the battery pack space 3032 of the battery module 3010, such that the battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b) and the battery sensing circuits 3111 may be immersed in the thermal management liquid contained in the battery module 3010 to dissipate heat from the battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b) and the battery sensing circuits 3111. In some embodiments, the battery monitoring circuit 3120 may be electrically connected to the battery connection members 0026(c) and 0026(d) via a plurality of battery sensing circuits 3121. Multiple battery sensing circuits 3121 may be electrically connected to battery connection members 0026(c) and 0026(d). In some embodiments, battery connection members 0026(c) and 0026(d) and battery sensing circuits 3121 may be immersed in a thermal management liquid contained in the battery module 3010 to dissipate heat from the battery connection members 0026(c) and 0026(d) and battery sensing circuits 3121. In some embodiments, battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 may be flexible circuit boards.

[0453] In some embodiments, battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 can be used to measure the voltage and temperature of battery connection members 0026(a), 0026(b), 0026(c), and 0026(d) to provide measurement results to battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120. In some embodiments, battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120 can control the temperature / voltage of battery cell 0020 and battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 based on the measurement results to control the temperature of the thermal management liquid. For example, battery monitoring circuit 3110 can control / use battery sensing circuit 3111 to convert electrical energy of battery cell 0020 electrically connected to battery connection members 0026(a) and 0026(b) into heat energy to control the voltage and temperature of battery cell 0020. In some embodiments, the way battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120 control the temperature / voltage of battery cell 0020 and further control battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 can be accomplished by programmable drive signals. For example, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 can generate a switching control signal, a current limiting command, or a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to allow controlled current to flow through the battery cell 0020 or through the heating element within the battery sensing circuit 3111. In this way, the controlled current can be converted into heat energy by the internal resistance of the battery cell 0020 or the heating element of the battery sensing circuit 3111, thereby increasing or stabilizing the temperature of the battery cell 0020 or the thermal management fluid. Similarly, voltage regulation can be achieved by adjusting the magnitude, duration, or duty cycle of the current supplied by the battery sensing circuit 3111 to control the voltage level of the battery cell 0020.

[0454] In some embodiments, the battery monitoring circuit 3120 can control / use the battery sensing circuit 3121 to convert the electrical energy of the battery cell 0020 into heat energy to control the voltage and temperature of the battery cell 0020. Therefore, when the battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120 control the temperature of the battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121, the electrical energy of the battery cell 0020 can be directly used to heat the thermal management liquid and the battery cell 0020 to increase the temperature of the thermal management liquid. In this way, since the battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120 themselves have voltage and temperature control functions, there is no need to install additional heating devices in the battery module 3010. Furthermore, since the battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120 and the battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 can be installed in the battery module 3010 rather than exposed outside the battery module 3010, the possibility of component damage can be reduced, and the durability of the component can be improved. In some embodiments, battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 may include heating wires, so that when current flows through battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 under the control of battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120, the heating wires can generate heat. At this time, the resistive loss generated by battery sensing circuits 3111 and 3121 can be dissipated as heat and then transferred from battery monitoring circuits 3110 and 3120 to the thermal management fluid. In this way, the temperature of the thermal management fluid can be increased without the need for additional heating components.

[0455] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 33 for Figure 32A as well as Figure 32B The circuit diagram of the battery cell 0020, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 and the battery sensing circuit 3111.

[0456] In this embodiment, components that have the same or similar numbers as those mentioned in the above embodiments represent components that have similar structures or functions, and their related descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0457] like Figure 32B as well as Figure 33As shown, in some embodiments, the battery module 3010 may further include one or more switches 3130 and a heating module 3140. In some embodiments, the switch 3130 may be electrically connected to the battery cell 0020, the battery monitoring circuit 3110, and the heating module 3140. In some embodiments, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 may send a switch signal to control the switch 3130 to turn on or off. In some embodiments, when the switch 3130 is turned off by the battery monitoring circuit 3110, the current of the battery cell 0020 may not flow through the heating module 3140. Therefore, the heating module 3140 may not convert the electrical energy of the battery cell 0020 into heat energy. In some embodiments, when the switch 3130 is turned on by the battery monitoring circuit 3110, the current of the battery cell 0020 may flow through the heating module 3140. Therefore, the heating module 3140 may convert the electrical energy of the battery cell 0020 into heat energy to heat the battery cell 0020 and the thermal management liquid contained in the battery module 3010. In some embodiments, the heating module 3140 may be a heating copper wire. In some embodiments, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 may generate drive signals (e.g., gate control voltage, base current, or pulse width modulation signals, depending on the type of switch 3130 (e.g., MOSFET, BJT, or other semiconductor switching components)) to provide corresponding electrical control over the switch 3130. These drive signals may selectively drive the switch 3130 into an off state or an on state. It should be noted that in practical applications, the battery module 3010 may include at least two of the battery monitoring circuit, battery sensing circuit, and heating module.

[0458] In some embodiments, the battery module 3010 may further include an electrical safety device 3150, which is electrically connected to the switch 3130 and the heating module 3140. In some embodiments, the electrical safety device 3150 may include a fusible metal wire / strip that melts or interrupts the circuit when the current exceeds a threshold current. Therefore, when the current in the heating module 3140 exceeds the threshold current, the electrical safety device 3150 can cut off the current to stop heating the thermal management liquid and the battery cell 0020. In some embodiments, when the electrical safety device 3150 melts due to excessive current, the conductive path between the switch 3130 and the heating module 3140 can be physically disconnected. In this way, the electrical connection supplying current to the heating module 3140 is interrupted, causing the heating module 3140 to stop receiving electrical energy, thereby correspondingly stopping the generation of heat energy by the heating module 3140, thus terminating the heating operation of the thermal management liquid and the battery cell 0020.

[0459] In some embodiments, the heating module 3140 may further include a temperature sensor 3141, which is electrically connected to the battery monitoring circuit 3110. The battery monitoring circuit 3110 can control the temperature sensor 3141 to monitor the temperature of the thermal management fluid and the battery cell 0020. In some embodiments, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 can control the temperature sensor 3141 to activate the temperature measurement function by transmitting a sensing control signal. For example, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 can periodically transmit a reference voltage or current to the temperature sensor 3141, causing the temperature sensor 3141 to generate a temperature sensing signal; subsequently, the battery monitoring circuit 3110 can receive the temperature sensing signal to monitor the temperature of the thermal management fluid and the battery cell 0020. It should be noted that the aforementioned battery sensing circuit may also include temperature sensing, and the battery sensing circuit and the temperature sensor 3141 can be used to monitor the temperature of different components in the battery pack 3030.

[0460] In summary, the electrical energy of battery cell 0020 can be directly used to heat the thermal management liquid and battery cell 0020. Therefore, since the battery monitoring circuit 3110 itself has voltage and temperature control functions, there is no need to install other heating devices in the battery module 3010. Furthermore, since the battery monitoring circuit 3110, switch 3130, and heating module 3140 can all be installed inside the battery module 3010 rather than exposed outside, the possibility of damage to the battery monitoring circuit 3110 and battery sensing circuit 3111 can be reduced, and their durability can be improved.

[0461] In some embodiments, since the heating module 3140 (such as a heating copper wire or a resistor assembly) generates heat when current flows through it, the battery sensing circuit 3111 can be used to increase the temperature of the thermal management fluid. When the battery monitoring circuit 3110 turns on the switch 3130, the resistance loss generated by the current flowing through the heating module 3140 can be converted into heat and then transferred to the thermal management fluid, causing the temperature of the thermal management fluid to rise.

[0462] In some embodiments, the printed circuit board (e.g., battery monitoring circuit 3110) may also include a vertical stacking connector 3160 disposed at the vertical end of the battery module.

[0463] The vertical stack connector 3160 serves as a signal interface between a printed circuit board (such as battery monitoring circuit 3110) of a lower-level battery module 3010 and another printed circuit board (such as battery monitoring circuit 3110) of an adjacent battery module 3010. The vertical stack connector 3160 can electrically connect two adjacent battery modules (i.e., battery modules 3010 directly stacked together).

[0464] In some embodiments, the two vertically stacked connectors 3160 connected to each other can achieve blind mating (or automatic mating), that is, when the battery modules 3010 are stacked vertically to each other, the vertically stacked connectors 3160 can automatically mechanically align to ensure a fast and reliable electrical connection, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and automation of the battery pack manufacturing process.

[0465] In some embodiments, the printed circuit board (such as the battery monitoring circuit 3110) located in the vertical channel 3098 of the module wall may also include a vertical interface connector 3162 located at the vertical end of the printed circuit board.

[0466] When the battery module 3010 and the cover module 3090 are assembled vertically, the vertical interface connector 3162 can electrically connect the circuit board to a corresponding connector located on one of the two cover modules. The main purpose of this connection is to transmit the status information (such as voltage, temperature, or current) captured by the circuit board to the main electronic control unit located within the cover module 3090.

[0467] More specifically, the power interface module 3100 located on one of the two cover modules 3090 can be used to house or electrically couple with the battery management circuitry in order to perform further processing or control.

[0468] In some embodiments, the vertical stack connector 3160 and the vertical interface connector 3162 may be a single physical connector located on a circuit board, wherein the single physical connector may be configured with independent pins or contacts to perform stacking connections between battery modules and signal interface functions between battery modules and power interface modules.

[0469] In this way, the vertical interface connector 3162 can be used to electrically connect the battery monitoring circuit 3110 to the battery management circuit located in the power interface module 3100, thereby realizing the modular transmission of accurate battery data and directly transmitting it to the battery management circuit for control and protection, thus greatly improving the modularity and maintainability of the battery pack.

[0470] The above embodiments are merely examples. Many technical details exist in related technical fields, and therefore are not shown or described in detail herein. Although the foregoing description has revealed many features and advantages of the present invention and elaborated upon them in conjunction with their structural and functional details, the present invention is only illustrative, and changes to the details are still possible. Therefore, it should be understood that the above embodiments can be modified without departing from the appended claims.

[0471] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that, include: At least one battery module, including: Multiple battery cells, each battery cell having an electrode including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein at least a portion of the electrodes of the multiple battery cells together define an electrode surface. At least one battery holder for limiting the position of each battery cell, the at least one battery holder comprising a plurality of battery housing structures distributed along a lateral direction, wherein a portion of the body of each battery cell is disposed in a corresponding battery housing structure. At least one battery connection member is electrically connected to the electrodes of the plurality of battery cells, wherein the at least one battery connection member is disposed on the at least one battery holder and arranged on the electrode surface, and the at least one battery connection member is mechanically connected to the at least one battery holder to restrict relative movement between the at least one battery connection member and the at least one battery holder. A liquid-limiting shell, which is a tubular structure and includes: A peripheral wall laterally surrounds a space and extends vertically from a first vertical end to a second vertical end, wherein the space accommodates the plurality of battery cells, the at least one battery holder, and the at least one battery connection member, and the first vertical end and the second vertical end of the peripheral wall respectively define a first opening and a second opening; and At least one first interlocking structure is disposed at the first vertical end or the second vertical end of the liquid-limiting housing; and At least one modular power interface is electrically connected to the at least one battery connection member; and Two cover modules are disposed at opposite vertical ends of the at least one battery module, wherein the two cover modules comprise: At least one high-voltage interface connector relays the power of the battery pack to a downstream load; At least one interface liquid connector for introducing a thermal management liquid into or out of the battery pack; At least one second interlocking structure is mechanically connected to the first interlocking structure of the liquid-limiting housing to limit the relative displacement between the cover module and the at least one battery module; At least one cover electrical interface, electrically connected to the at least one high-voltage interface connector and the at least one modular power interface; and At least one cover channel is in fluid communication with the at least one interface liquid connector, the first opening and the second opening of the liquid-limiting housing; The peripheral wall of the liquid-limiting housing of the at least one battery module is stacked and assembled perpendicularly with the two cover modules to jointly form a liquid-tight battery pack housing. The liquid-tight battery pack housing encloses a battery pack space to contain the thermal management liquid, such that the plurality of battery cells, the at least one battery holder, and the at least one battery connection member are immersed in the thermal management liquid; The peripheral wall also includes: A first wall surface is located at the first vertical end; A second wall surface, located at the second vertical end; and At least one sealing element receiving structure is located on the first wall surface or the second wall surface; The battery pack further includes a seal housed within the at least one seal housing structure; At least one of the two cover modules includes a cover sealing surface that compresses the seal; The mechanical connection between the at least one second interlocking structure and the at least one first interlocking structure restricts the relative lateral displacement between the cover module and the liquid-limiting housing to maintain the compression state of the seal against lateral shear forces.

2. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing element accommodating structure further includes: A sealing element positioning structure is provided to restrict the lateral movement of the sealing element within the sealing element receiving structure.

3. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing element is an O-ring, a gasket, or a sealing adhesive.

4. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The peripheral wall includes four side walls arranged to form a rectangular tubular structure.

5. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes multiple battery modules vertically stacked between the two cover modules, wherein a first interlocking structure of adjacent battery modules engages with each other, and the seal is compressed between adjacent battery modules to form a liquid-tight interface.

6. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first interlocking structure includes a protruding member disposed on one of the first vertical end and the second vertical end, and a connecting member disposed on the other of the first vertical end and the second vertical end.

7. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid-limiting shell is formed of an electrically insulating material.

8. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The seal surrounds the periphery of the first opening or the second opening, and the seal establishes a seal around the space and the peripheral wall.

9. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one high-pressure interface connector and the at least one interface liquid connector are disposed on the same cover module.

10. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An electrical interface module is disposed in one of the two cover modules; The cover module includes an electrical channel extending between the battery pack space and the internal space of the power interface module; the cover electrical interface extends through the electrical channel to be electrically connected to the power interface module. The battery pack also includes: A channel seal is disposed within the electrical channel, the channel seal sealing the gap between an inner wall of the electrical channel and the electrical interface of the cover body, thereby hydraulically isolating the internal space of the electrical interface module from the battery pack space.

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