Hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of energy storage, specifically a hybrid energy storage device for photovoltaic equipment. It includes an energy storage body, a frame on the outer wall of the energy storage body, and multiple lifting transmission mechanisms mounted on the frame. Each lifting transmission mechanism is connected to an energy storage module. The lifting transmission mechanism includes a counterweight that can move vertically and a pull rope for traction of the counterweight. The end of the pull rope is wound around a winding wheel located at the top of the frame. The winding wheel is connected to a primary motor, which is connected to both the energy storage body and the energy storage module via a power control module. This hybrid energy storage device effectively solves the problem of power wastage caused by energy storage saturation. When the energy storage body is fully charged, this invention can convert excess electrical energy into gravitational potential energy for storage by lifting the counterweight, avoiding the energy waste problem caused by energy storage saturation in traditional photovoltaic systems, thereby significantly improving the overall energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage, specifically a hybrid energy storage device for photovoltaic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of photovoltaic power generation technology, distributed photovoltaic and off-grid photovoltaic systems have been widely used in mountainous, desert, and remote areas. Because photovoltaic power generation is characterized by significant intermittency and fluctuations, its output power is easily affected by changes in sunlight intensity (such as cloud cover and day-night cycles), resulting in poor power supply stability. Therefore, energy storage devices are typically required in photovoltaic systems to achieve smooth energy output and regulation.

[0003] In existing technologies, to address the mismatch between photovoltaic power generation and electricity load, energy storage devices (such as batteries or supercapacitors) are typically configured to store electrical energy for use at night or when sunlight is insufficient. However, in actual operation, when daytime sunlight conditions are good and power generation is high, the energy storage device can reach full charge in a short time. Once the energy storage device is fully charged, any subsequent excess electricity generated lacks effective storage or consumption pathways and is usually only handled through methods such as limiting power output, cutting off power generation, or operating under no-load conditions, resulting in energy waste.

[0004] Especially in off-grid or weak grid systems, the problem is more prominent because the lack of grid regulation capacity means that excess power cannot be absorbed by the grid. For example, during the midday hours when sunlight is strongest, the output power of photovoltaic systems often far exceeds the actual load demand, but the capacity of energy storage devices is limited and cannot continue to absorb excess energy, resulting in a large amount of unused power and reducing the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0005] Therefore, how to effectively utilize or convert excess electrical energy in existing photovoltaic systems when the energy storage device is fully charged, avoid energy waste, and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field.

[0006] Therefore, a hybrid energy storage device for photovoltaic equipment is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to the present invention includes an energy storage body, a frame provided on the outer side wall of the energy storage body, and a plurality of lifting transmission mechanisms provided on the frame. The lifting transmission mechanisms are connected to energy storage modules, and the energy storage modules are provided on the energy storage body. The lifting transmission mechanism includes a counterweight that can move vertically and a pull rope for pulling the counterweight. The end of the pull rope is wound around a winding wheel at the top of the frame. The winding wheel is connected to a No. 1 motor, and the No. 1 motor is connected to the energy storage body and the energy storage module through a power control module.

[0009] Preferably, multiple vertical grooves are formed on the side wall of the frame, each groove is opposite to the pull rope, and a drive block is provided on the counterweight block. The drive block passes through the groove and is threadedly connected to a lead screw. The lead screw is set along the direction of the groove. The upper end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the top of the frame, and the lower end of the lead screw is connected to a second motor. The second motor is connected to the energy storage module through the power control module.

[0010] Preferably, each of the frames is also provided with a No. 3 motor at the top. The No. 3 motor is connected to the energy storage module through the power control module, and the output end of the No. 3 motor is connected to a rotating shaft, with a flat coil spring wound around the outer ring of the rotating shaft.

[0011] Preferably, each of the rotating shafts is provided with a locking mechanism at its end. The locking mechanism includes a locking tooth provided at the end of the rotating shaft, and a locking plate provided on the outside of the locking tooth. The locking plate is driven to move by an electric push rod and is embedded in the locking tooth to lock the rotating shaft.

[0012] Preferably, each of the counterweights has a magnetic post on its lower surface and a copper tube below it. The upper end of the copper tube is equipped with a buffer spring. The magnetic post is inserted into the copper tube to work with the buffer spring to slow down the falling speed of the counterweight.

[0013] Preferably, each of the outer side walls of the frame is provided with multiple lifting mechanisms. Each lifting mechanism is set on one side of the slide groove. Each lifting mechanism includes a horizontal plate fixed to the frame. A slider is slidably connected to the horizontal plate. A lifting plate is rotatably connected to the slider. A U-shaped notch is opened at the end of the lifting plate. A lead screw is placed in the notch. The driving block moves upward, passes over the lifting plate, and is placed on the lifting plate. Multiple sliders on the same side are connected to a screw on their outer sidewalls. When the screw rotates, it drives the slider to move, and the lifting plate moves away from the driving block, releasing the counterweight.

[0014] Preferably, each lead screw has a turntable at its lower end, a plurality of pawls on the outer ring of the turntable, a toothed ring on the outer ring of the turntable, ratchet teeth on the inner ring of the toothed ring, and the toothed ring is connected to the second motor.

[0015] Preferably, each of the frame top lower surfaces is provided with multiple limit switches, each limit switch is set above the counterweight, and the limit switches are used to control the counterweight to rise sequentially.

[0016] Preferably, the energy storage body is provided with a canopy on top, and the lower surface of the canopy is supported by multiple support rods on the upper surface of the energy storage body. A water guide groove is provided at the edge of the canopy, and a water guide pipe is provided at the water accumulation point of the water guide groove, extending downward to the ground.

[0017] Preferably, the energy storage body has a base at its bottom, and a platform for supporting the water pipe is provided on the outer wall of the base. The platform works with the water pipe to support the roof, and a drain pipe is connected to the lower outer ring of the water pipe.

[0018] The advantages of this invention are: 1. This hybrid energy storage device effectively solves the problem of power waste caused by energy storage saturation. When the energy storage body (such as a battery) is fully charged, the present invention can convert excess electrical energy into gravitational potential energy for storage by lifting the counterweight, thereby avoiding the problem of power waste caused by energy storage saturation in traditional photovoltaic systems and significantly improving the overall energy utilization rate of photovoltaic systems.

[0019] 2. This hybrid energy storage device enables bidirectional conversion between electrical and mechanical energy. By setting up a reversible No. 1 motor, the same device can be used as a driving source for energy storage and as a power generation device for energy recovery. It has a compact structure and does not require additional independent power generation equipment, thus reducing system complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the energy storage body in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the frame in this invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inner structure of the frame in this invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the frame in this invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a section at point D; Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the winding reel in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the lead screw and the turntable in this invention; Figure 12This is a schematic diagram illustrating the engagement of the pawl and the ratchet teeth in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the base platform and the energy storage body in this invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the roof and the energy storage body in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Energy storage body; 2. Frame; 3. Counterweight; 4. Pull rope; 5. Rewinding wheel; 6. Motor 1; 7. Slide groove; 8. Drive block; 9. Lead screw; 10. Motor 2; 11. Motor 3; 12. Shaft; 13. Flat coil spring; 14. Clamping tooth; 15. Clamping plate; 16. Electric push rod; 17. Magnetic column; 18. Copper pipe; 19. Buffer spring; 20. Horizontal plate; 21. Slider; 22. Lifting plate; 23. Screw; 24. Turntable; 25. Pawl; 26. Gear ring; 27. Racket tooth; 28. Limit switch; 29. ​​Canopy; 30. Water pipe; 31. Base; 32. Drain pipe; 33. Servo motor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device includes an energy storage body 1, a frame 2 on the outer side wall of the energy storage body 1, and a plurality of lifting transmission mechanisms disposed on the frame 2. The lifting transmission mechanisms are connected to energy storage modules, and the energy storage modules are disposed on the energy storage body 1. The energy storage module is used to temporarily store electrical energy. When the hybrid energy storage device is saturated and there is no external power consumption, the electrical energy generated by gravitational potential energy can be temporarily stored and then used to power the cooling equipment of the hybrid energy storage device or for lighting, etc. The lifting transmission mechanism includes a counterweight 3 that can move in a vertical direction, and a pull rope 4 for pulling the counterweight 3. The end of the pull rope 4 is wound around a winding wheel 5 at the top of the frame 2. The winding wheel 5 is connected to a No. 1 motor 6, and the No. 1 motor 6 is connected to the energy storage body 1 and the energy storage module respectively through a power control module. The No. 1 motor 6 is connected to the winding wheel 5 through a gear set. In this embodiment of the invention, the designed No. 1 motor 6 is a reversible motor, which can operate as both a motor (converting electrical energy into mechanical energy) and a generator (converting mechanical energy into electrical energy). The specific working process of this hybrid energy storage device is as follows: During the energy storage phase (when sunlight is sufficient), when the photovoltaic equipment is operating under good sunlight conditions during the day, the photovoltaic modules continuously generate electricity, and the system prioritizes supplying power to the load. At the same time, the remaining electrical energy is input into the energy storage body 1 for storage. When the electrical energy in the energy storage body 1 gradually increases and approaches full capacity, the power control module adjusts the system, causing the first motor 6 to enter motor operation mode. At this time, the first motor 6 outputs mechanical energy and drives the winding wheel 5 to rotate, thereby driving the pull rope 4 wound on it to wind up. Under the traction of the pull rope 4, the counterweight 3 moves upward along the frame 2, converting electrical energy into the gravitational potential energy of the counterweight 3, realizing mechanical energy storage. Through this process, even when the energy storage body 1 is close to full capacity, it can continue to absorb and store excess electrical energy, avoiding energy waste.

[0024] During the energy release phase (at night or when sunlight is insufficient), when the photovoltaic power generation capacity decreases or stops (such as at night or in cloudy or rainy weather), the system enters a discharge state. In this state, the counterweight 3 begins to descend under the action of gravity, the pull rope 4 drives the winding wheel 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the winding wheel 5 drives the No. 1 motor 6 to reverse. At this time, motor 6 operates as a generator, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and outputting it to energy storage body 1 or directly supplying the load through the power control module, thereby realizing energy recovery. This hybrid energy storage device effectively solves the problem of power wastage caused by energy storage saturation. When the energy storage unit 1 (such as a battery) is fully charged, the invention can convert excess electrical energy into gravitational potential energy for storage by lifting the counterweight 3, avoiding the energy waste problem caused by energy storage saturation in traditional photovoltaic systems, thereby significantly improving the overall energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system. It also achieves bidirectional conversion between electrical and mechanical energy. By setting up a reversible primary motor 6, the same device can serve as both a drive source for energy storage and a power generation device for energy recovery. The structure is compact, requiring no additional independent power generation equipment, reducing system complexity. Furthermore, it improves system reliability and reduces dependence on batteries. By introducing gravity energy storage, the invention converts some electrical energy into mechanical energy for storage, reducing reliance on electrochemical energy. The invention reduces reliance on energy storage, thereby lowering the battery charging and discharging frequency, extending battery life, and improving overall system reliability. Its simple structure makes it suitable for engineering applications. The invention employs conventional mechanical structures such as counterweights 3, ropes 4, and winding wheels 5, with mature manufacturing processes, low cost, and ease of integration or modification into existing photovoltaic systems, demonstrating promising engineering application prospects. The energy storage capacity is flexibly expandable; by increasing the number of counterweights 3 or raising their height, the energy storage capacity can be expanded, exhibiting good scalability and adapting to the needs of photovoltaic systems of different scales. It is suitable for off-grid and weak grid scenarios. Under off-grid or weak grid conditions, the invention can effectively store and utilize excess electrical energy without relying on grid regulation, making it particularly suitable for remote areas, communication base stations, and other similar scenarios.

[0025] In actual operation, this hybrid energy storage device can dynamically adjust its operation based on photovoltaic power generation, load demand, and energy storage status. Specifically, when the power generation is high, the lifting speed of counterweight 3 is increased through the power control module; when the load demand is high, the descent speed of counterweight 3 is controlled through the power control module to stabilize the output of electrical energy. Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 Multiple vertical grooves 7 are formed on the side wall of the frame 2. Each groove 7 is opposite to the pull rope 4. The counterweight 3 is provided with a drive block 8. The drive block 8 passes through the groove 7 and is threadedly connected to a lead screw 9. The lead screw 9 is set along the direction of the groove 7. The upper end of the lead screw 9 is rotatably connected to the top of the frame 2. The lower end of the lead screw 9 is connected to a second motor 10. The second motor 10 is connected to the energy storage module through the power control module. During the charging and lifting phase, the power control module drives the second motor 10 to start, which in turn drives the lead screw 9 to rotate. Since the drive block 8 and the lead screw 9 are connected by a thread, the rotation of the lead screw 9 causes the drive block 8 to move along the slide 7. The drive block 8 further drives the counterweight 3 to rise steadily along the slide 7. The pull rope 4 provides the main lifting power. The lead screw 9 provides rigid constraint and precise guidance on the movement trajectory of the counterweight 3, thereby preventing the counterweight 3 from swinging or deviating during the lifting process, achieving stable and controllable lifting motion, and converting electrical energy into gravitational potential energy for storage. During the energy release phase (nighttime or low light), motor 6 switches to generator mode. Simultaneously, motor 10 can be in braking or low-speed reverse mode. Through the threaded action of the lead screw 9 on the drive block 8, the descent speed of the counterweight 3 is limited and adjusted. The coordinated action of the pull rope 4 and the lead screw 9 ensures a smooth and controllable descent of the counterweight 3, preventing free fall and achieving a stable conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Throughout the operation, motor 10 primarily performs speed regulation and stability control. Specifically, during the lifting phase, the speed of the lead screw 9 is adjusted to maintain a uniform upward speed for the counterweight 3; during the descent phase… By controlling the rotational resistance of the lead screw 9, the descent speed of the counterweight 3 is limited. When there is uneven load or uneven force, the lead screw 9 and the slide 7 work together to suppress the swing of the counterweight 3, thereby making the overall system operation more stable and improving energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, the designed second motor 10 also includes the following protection mechanisms during operation. Specifically, when the system is powered off or abnormal, the self-locking action or braking structure of the lead screw 9 can prevent the counterweight 3 from falling freely. The guiding cooperation between the slide 7 and the drive block 8 prevents the counterweight 3 from shifting laterally or getting stuck, thereby ensuring that the device can operate stably and safely under different working conditions.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10Each of the aforementioned frames 2 is also equipped with a third motor 11 at its top. The third motor 11 is connected to the energy storage module via a power control module, and the output end of the third motor 11 is connected to a rotating shaft 12. A flat coil spring 13 is wound around the outer ring of the rotating shaft 12. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the output end of motor 11 is connected to shaft 12 via a gear set, and the gear set connected to motor 11 has the same structure as the gear set connected to motor 6. In this embodiment, motor 11 is a reversible motor, which can operate as both a motor (converting electrical energy into mechanical energy) and a generator (converting mechanical energy into electrical energy). This hybrid energy storage device, through the coordinated control of motors 6, 10, and 11, and combining gravity energy storage with elastic energy storage structures, achieves graded storage and stable release of excess electrical energy from the photovoltaic system. Its specific working process is as follows: In the primary energy storage stage (electrochemical energy storage prioritized), when the photovoltaic equipment is operating under good sunlight conditions during the day, the photovoltaic modules generate electricity. The system prioritizes supplying power to external loads, while storing any remaining electricity in the energy storage unit 1. During this stage, the power control module monitors the charge status of the energy storage unit 1 in real time. When the charge of the energy storage unit 1 falls below a set threshold, battery charging is prioritized, and all lifting transmission mechanisms and spring energy storage modules are in standby mode. In the secondary energy storage stage (gravity energy storage start-up), when the charge of the energy storage unit 1 reaches a preset upper limit or approaches saturation, the power control module starts the energy storage module, motor 6 enters motor mode, driving the winding wheel 5 to rotate and pulling the rope 4. The counterweight 3 is wound up, applying an upward traction force. The counterweight 3 moves upward along the slide 7. At the same time, the second motor 10 drives the lead screw 9 to rotate. The lead screw 9, through the threaded engagement with the drive block 8, drives the counterweight 3 to rise steadily along the slide 7. In the third stage of energy storage (elastic energy storage intervention), when the counterweight 3 of the energy storage module is raised to the set height or close to the upper limit of the stroke, the system activates the flat coil spring 13. The third motor 11 is powered on and drives the rotating shaft 12 to rotate. The rotating shaft 12 drives the flat coil spring 13 to gradually tighten, further converting the remaining electrical energy into elastic potential energy for storage. Through this stage, the remaining electrical energy is further absorbed, avoiding energy waste. During the energy release phase (nighttime or low power generation), when photovoltaic power generation is insufficient or stops, the system enters a discharge state, and each energy storage module releases energy in sequence. The flat coil spring 13 is released first. During the release process, the flat coil spring 13 drives the rotating shaft 12 to rotate in the opposite direction. The rotating shaft 12 outputs electrical energy through the reverse drive or power generation mode of the No. 3 motor 11. Due to the fast response speed of the spring, it can be used to compensate for short-term load fluctuations. Gravity energy storage provides continuous power. The counterweight 3 moves downward under the action of gravity. The pull rope 4 drives the winding wheel 5 to rotate in the opposite direction. The winding wheel 5 drives the No. 1 motor 6 to generate electricity in reverse. At the same time, the No. 2 motor 10 limits the descent speed of the counterweight 3 through the lead screw 9 to ensure that the descent process is smooth and controllable, thereby achieving continuous and stable power supply.

[0027] Reference Figure 10 Each of the rotating shafts 12 is provided with a locking mechanism at its end. The locking mechanism includes a locking tooth 14 provided at the end of the rotating shaft 12. A locking plate 15 is provided on the outside of the locking tooth 14. The locking plate 15 is driven to move by the electric push rod 16 and is embedded in the locking tooth 14 to lock the rotating shaft 12. During the energy storage and locking preparation stage, when the No. 3 motor 11 drives the rotating shaft 12 to rotate and wind the flat coil spring 13 to store energy, the electric push rod 16 is in the retracted state; the clamping plate 15 disengages from the clamping tooth 14, and the rotating shaft 12 is in a free rotation state. At this time, the No. 3 motor 11 outputs torque to drive the rotating shaft 12 to rotate continuously, and the flat coil spring 13 gradually winds up and stores elastic potential energy. The locking mechanism does not participate in the action to avoid generating resistance to the winding process. After the energy storage is completed and locked, when the flat coil spring 13 is wound to a set degree (such as reaching a preset torque or angle), the power control module sends a control signal to the electric push rod 16. The electric push rod 16 extends and pushes the locking plate 15 to move radially inward. The locking plate 15 gradually engages with the locking teeth 14 at the end of the rotating shaft 12. After the locking plate 15 is fully engaged with the locking teeth 14, the rotating shaft 12 is restricted from rotating. The flat coil spring 13 remains in a tightly wound state, and the elastic potential energy is stably locked, thereby preventing the flat coil spring 13 from rebounding or releasing energy. During the locking and holding phase, in the locked state, the card plate 15 is continuously embedded inside the card tooth 14, the rotating shaft 12 is mechanically locked and cannot rotate, and the No. 3 motor 11 can stop working or be in standby mode. During this period, even if the system is powered off or there is external disturbance, the rotating shaft 12 remains locked and the energy stored in the flat coil spring 13 will not be released, thus improving system safety. During the unlocking and release preparation phase, when the system needs to release elastic energy storage (such as when the load increases or photovoltaic power generation is insufficient), the power control module issues an unlocking command, the electric push rod 16 retracts, and the locking plate 15 is driven out of the locking tooth 14. After the locking plate 15 is completely disengaged from the locking tooth 14, the rotating shaft 12 returns to its free state, and the flat coil spring 13 is ready to release. During the energy release phase, after the shaft 12 is unlocked, the flat coil spring 13 begins to release energy under its own elasticity. The shaft 12 rotates under the drive of the flat coil spring 13. At this time, according to the system design, the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy output by the reverse power generation of the No. 3 motor 11. In addition, the rotational speed of the shaft 12 can be adjusted by controlling the No. 3 motor 11 or the additional damping structure to make the spring release process smooth and avoid instantaneous impact.

[0028] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 7 Each of the counterweights 3 has a magnet post 17 on its lower surface and a copper tube 18 below it. The upper end of the copper tube 18 is provided with a buffer spring 19. The magnet post 17 is inserted into the copper tube 18 and works with the buffer spring 19 to slow down the falling speed of the counterweight 3. During the initial descent phase, when the system enters the energy release state, the counterweight 3 begins to move downward under its own gravity. At this time, the counterweight 3 maintains a vertical guiding motion state, and the magnetic column 17 on the lower surface of the counterweight 3 gradually approaches the upper end of the copper tube 18. Since it has not yet entered the interior of the copper tube 18, the descent speed of the counterweight 3 is mainly controlled by gravity and the overall resistance of the system. In the magnetic damping stage, as the counterweight 3 continues to descend, the magnet column 17 enters the upper port of the copper tube 18. The magnet column 17 gradually inserts into the interior of the copper tube 18. The change in magnetic field induces eddy currents in the tube wall of the copper tube 18. The eddy currents form a reverse magnetic field, which generates a damping force on the magnet column 17. At this time, the descent speed of the counterweight 3 begins to decrease significantly, and the damping force gradually increases with the increase of the insertion depth, realizing a non-contact gradual deceleration process. During the main deceleration phase, when the magnet column 17 further enters the middle region of the copper tube 18, the eddy current effect reaches a strong state, the magnetic damping force increases significantly, and the descent speed of the counterweight 3 is further suppressed and tends to stabilize. During this phase, the system gradually converts gravitational potential energy into heat energy loss, realizes the main deceleration process, and avoids free fall. During the buffer contact phase, when the counterweight 3 descends to near the lowest position, the magnet column 17 is basically inserted into the bottom area of ​​the copper tube 18, and the buffer spring 19 set at the upper end of the copper tube 18 begins to be compressed. At this time, the buffer spring 19 undergoes compression deformation, absorbs the remaining kinetic energy, and performs secondary buffering on the residual impact after magnetic damping deceleration, thereby further reducing the impact force. In the final stable stopping stage, after the counterweight 3 has completely descended to the predetermined position, the magnetic column 17 and the copper tube 18 are in a stable engagement state, the buffer spring 19 is in a compressed balance state, the counterweight 3 stops moving and remains stable. At this time, the magnetic damping and the buffer spring 19 work together to achieve a dual shock absorption effect, effectively avoiding structural impact, rebound or vibration.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 - Figure 4 Each of the frame 2 has multiple lifting mechanisms on the upper part of its outer side wall. Each lifting mechanism is set on one side of the slide groove 7 and includes a horizontal plate 20 fixed to the frame 2. A slider 21 is slidably connected to the horizontal plate 20. A lifting plate 22 is rotatably connected to the slider 21. A U-shaped notch is opened at the end of the lifting plate 22. The screw 9 is placed in the notch. The driving block 8 moves upward, passes over the lifting plate 22, and is placed on the lifting plate 22. The outer side walls of multiple sliders 21 on the same side are connected to a screw 23. When the screw 23 rotates, it drives the slider 21 to move, and the lifting plate 22 moves away from the driving block 8, releasing the counterweight 3. During the lifting preparation stage, as the counterweight 3 rises along the slide 7, the lifting plate 22 is in an initial horizontal support state, the slider 21 remains fixed on the horizontal plate 20, and the U-shaped notch at the end of the lifting plate 22 corresponds to the position of the lead screw 9 but does not contact the drive block 8. At this time, the lifting mechanism does not carry the counterweight 3, and the counterweight 3 is mainly driven to rise by the lifting mechanism. During the overload phase, as the counterweight 3 continues to rise during the lifting process, the drive block 8 moves upward synchronously with the counterweight 3. When the drive block 8 moves to the height of the lifting plate 22, it enters the U-shaped recess area of ​​the lifting plate 22. At this time, the drive block 8 continues to move upward and passes the end of the lifting plate 22. The lifting plate 22 deflects upward, and the drive block 8 finally lands above the lifting plate 22, thereby achieving temporary and stable support of the counterweight 3 at the set height position.

[0030] During the release phase, when it is necessary to release the lifting mechanism, the servo motor 33 controls the screw 23 to rotate. Specifically, the power control module controls the servo motor 33 and drives the screw 23 to rotate. Multiple sliders 21 on the same side move synchronously under the drive of the screw 23. The sliders 21 drive the lifting plate 22 away from the position of the drive block 8. During this process, the lifting plate 22 gradually moves away from the support position below the drive block 8. When the lifting plate 22 is completely moved out of the bearing area of ​​the drive block 8, the drive block 8 loses its lifting support, and the counterweight 3 resumes free movement or controlled descent. The lifting mechanism completes the release action.

[0031] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 Each lead screw 9 has a turntable 24 at its lower end. The outer ring of the turntable 24 has multiple pawls 25. The outer ring of the turntable 24 has a toothed ring 26. The inner ring of the toothed ring 26 has ratchet teeth 27. The toothed ring 26 is connected to the second motor 10. In the initial drive phase, when the system enters the lifting phase of counterweight 3, motor 10 starts and outputs rotational power. Motor 10 drives gear ring 26 to rotate synchronously. Gear ring 26 engages with turntable 24's outer ring pawl 25 through inner ring ratchet 27 structure. At this time, power is transmitted from gear ring 26 to turntable 24, and turntable 24 begins to rotate under control. During the lifting and lowering stage of the lead screw 9, the turntable 24 is rigidly connected to the lower end of the lead screw 9 during the rotation of the turntable 24. The rotation of the turntable 24 drives the lead screw 9 to rotate synchronously. The lead screw 9 moves in the vertical direction through the threaded engagement with the drive block 8. Thus, the counterweight 3 achieves stable lifting and lowering under the drive of the lead screw 9. The turntable 24 converts the rotational motion into axial displacement control of the lead screw 9. During the limiting and anti-reverse phase of the pawl 25, when the load fluctuates or external force causes the lead screw 9 to have a reverse rotation tendency during system operation, the pawl 25 on the outer ring of the turntable 24 and the ratchet 27 on the inner ring of the toothed ring 26 engage in a one-way constraint. At this time, the pawl 25 smoothly passes over the ratchet 27 when rotating in the forward direction, and forms a mechanical locking effect when moving in the reverse direction, preventing the lead screw 9 from undergoing uncontrolled reverse rotation. Thus, the one-way stable drive of the lead screw 9 is realized, improving the safety and stability of the counterweight 3 movement. During the dynamic speed regulation stage, when the No. 2 motor 10 is running, the rotation speed of the gear ring 26 is controlled by adjusting the motor speed, and the turntable 24 synchronously adjusts the speed of the lead screw 9, thereby changing the lifting speed of the counterweight 3. At the same time, the pawl 25 structure provides stable engagement in the low-speed range and overload protection and buffering in the high-speed range. During the stop and lock phase, when the system stops running or enters the position holding state, the No. 2 motor 10 stops outputting, the gear ring 26 stops rotating, and under the action of the load, the pawl 25 and the ratchet 27 enter the meshing and locking state. At this time, the turntable 24 is mechanically locked, the lead screw 9 cannot rotate freely, and the counterweight 3 remains in its current position. During the reset and startup phase, when the system restarts, motor 10 drives the gear ring 26 to rotate again. Under the action of forward rotation, the pawl 25 gradually disengages from the ratchet 27, the turntable 24 resumes free rotation, and the lead screw 9 re-enters the drive working mode. Through the above process, the pawl 25-ratchet 27 structure between the turntable 24 and the toothed ring 26 realizes the unidirectional transmission and reverse self-locking function of the screw 9 system, which makes the counterweight 3 have higher safety and stability during the lifting process, and at the same time improves the system's adaptability to load changes.

[0032] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 Each frame 2 has multiple limit switches 28 on its top lower surface. The limit switches 28 are arranged one by one above the counterweight 3 and are used to control the counterweight 3 to rise sequentially. In this embodiment, after the system is started, the power control module first controls the first motor 6 to work to drive the corresponding first counterweight 3 to rise. When the first counterweight 3 rises to the preset height position under the action of the lifting mechanism and contacts the first limit switch 28, it is squeezed and triggered. The first limit switch 28 feeds back the trigger signal to the power control module. The power control module stops or locks the continued lifting state of the first counterweight 3 according to the signal, and switches the control output to the second motor 6 to drive the second counterweight 3 to start rising. When the second counterweight 3 also rises to the corresponding preset height and triggers the second limit switch 28, it feeds back the control signal to the power control module again, thereby sequentially linking and controlling the subsequent motors 6 and the corresponding counterweights 3 to start in sequence, realizing the hierarchical control process of multiple counterweights 3 being lifted sequentially in time. This design reduces instantaneous load impact and improves system stability. Specifically, the power control module sequentially drives different No. 1 motors 6, preventing multiple counterweights 3 from starting and rising simultaneously. This reduces instantaneous current peaks and mechanical impact loads, minimizes the impact on the photovoltaic power supply system and motor drive system, and improves overall operational stability. To achieve tiered energy storage and improve energy utilization, limit switch 28 is used as a position trigger node, so that counterweight 3 triggers the start of the next station in sequence after reaching different heights. This achieves a tiered energy storage method of "starting the next station only after the first station is completed", so that surplus photovoltaic power can be continuously and segmentedly absorbed, avoiding saturation waste caused by centralized energy storage. To improve control accuracy and system manageability, the limit switch 28 is not only used for limiting, but also as a state switching signal source, enabling the power control module to make logical judgments based on the actual physical position, realize closed-loop sequential control of multiple energy storage units, and improve the system's automation level and control reliability. To enhance system scalability, this structure adopts a method where one limit switch 28 corresponds to one counterweight 3 starting logic. This allows the system to be modularly expanded by increasing the number of counterweights 3, the number of motors 6, and the number of limit switches 28, without changing the core control logic, thus exhibiting good scalability. To avoid energy competition and improve operating efficiency, the simultaneous operation of multiple motors can easily lead to power contention or insufficient power supply. By using a sequential triggering mechanism, each motor is allocated operating resources according to time, avoiding multiple loads competing for the same power output capacity, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. To enhance safety and prevent structural overload, since the start and stop of each counterweight 3 are controlled by limit switch 28, the next process will not be triggered when a certain counterweight 3 fails to reach the designated position. This logically forms a physical position constraint, which can effectively avoid accidental start or overload operation and improve system safety.

[0033] Reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 The energy storage body 1 is provided with a canopy 29 on top. The lower surface of the canopy 29 is supported by multiple support rods on the upper surface of the energy storage body 1. The edge of the canopy 29 is provided with a water guide groove. A water guide pipe 30 is provided at the water accumulation point of the water guide groove. The water guide pipe 30 extends downward to the ground. A canopy 29 is installed on the top of the energy storage unit 1, which can provide overall shelter and protection for the energy storage device, effectively reducing the direct impact of rainwater, dust, and external debris on the internal electrical components and mechanical transmission structure. The canopy 29 is supported on the upper surface of the energy storage unit 1 by multiple support rods, so that the canopy 29 is evenly stressed and structurally stable, which can improve the overall wind load resistance and external impact resistance. Water guide channels are set at the edges of the canopy 29 to collect rainwater in an orderly manner, avoiding the risk of local water accumulation or leakage caused by disorderly flow of rainwater on the surface of the canopy 29. Water guide pipes 30 are set at the water accumulation points and extend downward to the ground, so that the collected rainwater can be discharged quickly and in a direction, thereby avoiding water from stagnating on the top of the equipment for a long time, causing corrosion or structural damage. At the same time, it reduces the impact of rainwater on the operating environment of the energy storage system, improves the overall protection performance and long-term operational reliability of the device, and has strong adaptability, especially suitable for application scenarios in remote areas with insufficient grid coverage or limited maintenance conditions.

[0034] Reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 The energy storage body 1 has a base 31 at the bottom, and a platform for supporting the water pipe 30 is provided on the outer wall of the base 31. The platform works with the water pipe 30 to support the roof 29, and the lower outer ring of the water pipe 30 is connected to a drain pipe 32. A base 31 is installed at the bottom of the energy storage unit 1, which can improve the installation stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall device, so that the equipment can maintain structural reliability under complex terrain or long-term operation conditions. A platform supporting the water guide pipe 30 is set on the outer wall of the base 31, so that the water guide pipe 30 not only undertakes the function of rainwater diversion, but also serves as a structural support. Together with the water guide pipe 30, it forms multi-point support for the roof 29, thereby enhancing the overall wind load and impact resistance of the roof 29 and preventing the roof 29 from sinking or deforming due to external forces. The lower outer ring of the water guide pipe 30 is connected to the drainage pipe 32, so that the rainwater collected by the water guide channel of the roof 29 can be quickly collected through the water guide pipe 30 and enter the drainage pipe 32 and be discharged in a direction to an area far away from the equipment, thereby avoiding the risk of foundation softening or corrosion caused by the drainage stagnating around the equipment.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device, comprising an energy storage body, characterized in that: The outer wall of the energy storage body is provided with a frame and multiple lifting transmission mechanisms set on the frame. The lifting transmission mechanisms are connected to energy storage modules, and the energy storage modules are set on the energy storage body. The lifting transmission mechanism includes a counterweight block that can move in a vertical direction and a pull rope for pulling the counterweight block. The end of the pull rope is wound around a winding wheel set at the top of the frame. The winding wheel is connected to a No. 1 motor, and the No. 1 motor is connected to the energy storage body and the energy storage module respectively through a power control module. Multiple vertical grooves are opened on the side wall of the frame, each groove is opposite to the pull rope, and a drive block is provided on the counterweight block. The drive block passes through the groove and is threadedly connected to a lead screw. The lead screw is set along the direction of the groove. The upper end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the top of the frame, and the lower end of the lead screw is connected to a second motor. The second motor is connected to the energy storage module through the power control module. Each of the frames is also equipped with a No. 3 motor at the top. The No. 3 motor is connected to the energy storage module through the power control module, and the output end of the No. 3 motor is connected to a rotating shaft with a flat coil spring wound around the outer ring of the rotating shaft. Each of the frames is provided with multiple lifting mechanisms on the upper part of the outer side wall. Each lifting mechanism is set on one side of the slide groove and includes a horizontal plate fixed to the frame. A slider is slidably connected to the horizontal plate and a lifting plate is rotatably connected to the slider. A U-shaped notch is opened at the end of the lifting plate. A lead screw is placed in the notch, and the drive block moves up, passes over the lifting plate, and is placed on the lifting plate. Multiple sliders on the same side are connected to a screw on their outer sidewalls. When the screw rotates, it drives the slider to move, and the lifting plate moves away from the driving block, releasing the counterweight.

2. The hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the said rotating shafts is provided with a locking mechanism at its end. The locking mechanism includes a locking tooth provided at the end of the rotating shaft, and a locking plate provided on the outside of the locking tooth. The locking plate is driven to move by an electric push rod and is embedded in the locking tooth to lock the rotating shaft.

3. A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the counterweights has a magnetic post on its lower surface and a copper tube below it. The upper end of the copper tube is equipped with a buffer spring. The magnetic post is inserted into the copper tube to work with the buffer spring to slow down the falling speed of the counterweight.

4. A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each lead screw has a turntable at its lower end, with multiple pawls on the outer ring of the turntable, a toothed ring on the outer ring of the turntable, and ratchet teeth on the inner ring of the toothed ring. The toothed ring is connected to the No. 2 motor.

5. A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each frame has multiple limit switches on its top lower surface. The limit switches are positioned above the counterweights and are used to control the counterweights to rise sequentially.

6. A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage body is provided with a canopy on top. The lower surface of the canopy is supported by multiple support rods on the upper surface of the energy storage body. A water guide groove is provided at the edge of the canopy. A water guide pipe is provided at the water accumulation point of the water guide groove and extends downward to the ground.

7. A hybrid energy storage device on a photovoltaic device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy storage body has a base at its bottom, and a platform for supporting the water pipe is provided on the outer wall of the base. The platform, together with the water pipe, is used to support the roof, and a drain pipe is connected to the lower outer ring of the water pipe.

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