Backscatter methods, apparatuses, systems, electronic devices, media, and program products

Abstract

This application relates to the field of backscatter communication technology, providing a backscattering method, apparatus, system, electronic device, medium, and program product. The backscattering method of this application can be applied to edge devices. The method includes: receiving an indication signal sent by a base station; and sending a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to a passive IoT device according to the indication signal; wherein the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information back to the base station. This application shifts the task of providing charging signals and sending control signals to passive IoT devices, which require close-range, high-power transmission, to flexibly deployable, low-cost edge devices. This eliminates the need for high-density construction of remote radio frequency units at base stations to ensure signal coverage for passive IoT devices, thus significantly reducing the cost of building new passive IoT systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of backscatter communication technology, and in particular to backscattering methods, apparatus, systems, electronic devices, media, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are backscatter communication systems. The communication process involves the reader sending charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals to a passive IoT device (e.g., a tag). The passive IoT device activates using the charging signal and then modulates its own information using the carrier signal based on the control signal, reflecting it back to the reader. Traditional RFID systems often use an integrated transceiver architecture for communication, where the reader and passive IoT device operate on the same full-duplex frequency band. Therefore, severe signal interference exists between the reader's carrier signal and the backscattered signal from the passive IoT device, resulting in short communication distances.

[0003] Currently, in the 3GPP Release 19 (R19) standard research (3GPP R19 RAN1 Ambient IoT WI), the first priority air interface topology is a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) + edge device air interface topology, which uses cellular base stations to read information from passive IoT devices. This topology can solve the problem of short communication distance to some extent, but in order to ensure the spectrum specifications for the terminal to transmit signals in the uplink band, edge devices need to be set up to provide the uplink carrier signal required for backscattering of passive IoT devices. However, in this type of topology, the downlink band charging signal needs to be transmitted through the remote radio unit, which is difficult because passive IoT devices have high receiving sensitivity (only... (Approximately), which will greatly increase the deployment density of remote radio frequency units in base stations, thus leading to high costs for new network construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a backscattering method that can reduce the deployment density of remote radio frequency units of base stations in backscattering scenarios where information from passive IoT devices is read using cellular base stations, thereby solving the problem of high cost of building new networks.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering method applied to an edge device, the method comprising: Receive indication signals sent by the base station; According to the indicated signal, a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal are sent to the passive IoT device. The charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information to the base station.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering method applied to passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the method comprising: Receives charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals sent by edge devices; The system reflects its own information to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering method applied to a base station, the method comprising: Sending an indication signal to the edge device, the indication signal being used to instruct the edge device to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive IoT device; The system receives information reflected by the passive IoT device, which is information about the passive IoT device itself reflected to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering device applied to an edge device, the device comprising: The receiving unit is used to receive the indication signal sent by the base station; The transmitting unit is used to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive Internet of Things device according to the indication signal; The charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information to the base station.

[0009] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering device applied to a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device, the device comprising: The receiving unit is used to receive charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals sent by the edge device. The reflection unit is used to reflect its own information to the base station according to the charging signal, the control signal and the carrier signal.

[0010] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering device applied to a base station, the device comprising: A transmitting unit is used to send an indication signal to an edge device, the indication signal being used to instruct the edge device to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to a passive IoT device; A receiving unit is configured to receive information reflected by the passive IoT device, wherein the information is information about the passive IoT device itself reflected to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

[0011] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a backscattering system, including the backscattering device as described in the fourth to sixth aspects above.

[0012] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory storing a computer program, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the backscattering method described in any one of the first to third aspects above.

[0013] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the backscattering method described in any one of the first to third aspects.

[0014] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the backscattering method described in any one of the first to third aspects.

[0015] By employing the backscattering method provided in this application, tasks requiring close-range, high-power transmission, such as providing charging signals and sending control signals, for passive IoT devices can be separated from the remote radio frequency units of high-cost, sparsely deployed base stations and transferred to flexible, low-cost edge devices. This eliminates the need for high-density construction of remote radio frequency units at base stations to ensure signal coverage for passive IoT devices, thus significantly reducing the cost of building new passive IoT devices. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication principle of a conventional radio frequency identification system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the first backscattering method in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a functional structure diagram of the first type of edge device shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the first type of communication frequency band allocation in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the second backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a functional structure diagram of a second type of edge device shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the second type of communication frequency band allocation in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the third backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is a functional structure diagram of the third edge device shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fourth backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a functional structure diagram of the fourth edge device shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for controlling an edge device from a base station, as shown in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall principle of the backscattering method shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 15 This is a structural block diagram of a backscattering device shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device as shown in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The following is an explanation of some of the terms used in this application.

[0020] Passive Internet of Things (IoT): A paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT) characterized by the fact that the terminal nodes (passive IoT devices) do not have their own independent, continuously powered power supply, but instead use energy harvested from the environment to maintain the operation of their circuits, thereby enabling functions such as sensing, computing, and communication.

[0021] Backscatter communication: a wireless communication technology in which the information sender does not generate its own radio frequency carrier, but instead modulates the reflection characteristics of its antenna to carry the information on an incident electromagnetic wave emitted by an external radio frequency source and reflects it back to the information receiver.

[0022] Air interface: short for air interface, refers to the connection between terminal equipment (such as passive IoT devices) and network infrastructure (such as base stations and readers) that communicates via radio waves, as well as all the technical specifications and protocols required to achieve this connection.

[0023] Air interface topology: refers to the architecture and layout of the wireless communication part (i.e., the air interface).

[0024] Transceiver integrated air interface architecture: This refers to a system architecture where the transmitter and receiver of a communication node share the same antenna and part of the RF front-end circuitry, and operate on the same frequency band. In RFID readers, this architecture manifests as follows: the reader transmits a high-power continuous wave signal through its antenna to activate and query tags, while simultaneously using the same antenna to receive the extremely weak backscattered signal returned from the tags.

[0025] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): especially passive RFID, is an application form of passive Internet of Things. In a passive RFID system (consisting of passive tags and readers), the reader wirelessly provides power to the unpowered tags and reads their identification information using a backscattering mechanism.

[0026] Downlink (DL): In the field of mobile communications, this refers to the direction in which signals are transmitted from the network side (base station) to the terminal.

[0027] Uplink (UL): In mobile communications, this refers to the direction of signal transmission from the terminal to the network side (base station). Downlink Frequency Band: This refers to the range of radio frequencies specifically allocated by communications management agencies for downlink communication.

[0028] Uplink Frequency Band: This refers to the range of radio frequencies specifically allocated by the communications management agency for uplink communication. In a frequency division duplex system, the uplink and downlink frequency bands are separate to avoid mutual interference.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication principle of a traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1In the RFID system shown in Part a, the charging signal is used to provide the electromagnetic energy required for tag activation, the control signal is used to specify the behavior of the tag, and the carrier signal is used to provide a reflective medium for tag backscatter communication.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, traditional RFID systems often use an integrated air interface architecture of reader + RFID tag transceiver for communication. This type of architecture is a full-duplex system, where the reader's transmission signal (downlink) and the tag's response signal (uplink) occupy the same radio frequency channel. Therefore, the strong original signal emitted by the reader will seriously interfere with the weak response signal reflected back by the tag, resulting in a short communication distance.

[0031] Currently, in the 3GPP Release 19 (R19) standard study (3GPP R19 RAN1 Ambient IoT WI), the highest priority air interface topology for environmental IoT is... Figure 1 The air interface topology of the RRU+ edge node shown in section b aims to use a cellular base station to read tag information. However, according to mobile communication regulations, terminal devices (such as tags) must use the uplink frequency band allocated to them to transmit data back, and passive tags cannot generate signals themselves, only reflect them. Therefore, a dedicated device (CW node, also known as an edge device) is needed to transmit carrier signals for it on the uplink frequency band.

[0032] exist Figure 1 In the air interface topology shown in section b, the reader refers to the base station, and the device refers to a passive IoT device, specifically a tag. R2D represents the signal link from the reader to the device. CW2D represents the signal link from the edge device to the device. D2R represents the signal link from the device to the reader.

[0033] The reader uses the downlink band (FDD DL) to provide charging and control signals to the tag, and controls the CW node to transmit carrier signals to the tag in the uplink band (FDD UL), and receive the uplink band signals reflected by the tag. Under the control of the reader, the CW node transmits carrier signals to the tag in the uplink band. The tag receives the charging and control signals from the downlink band of the reader, modulates its own information using the carrier signal from the uplink band of the CW node, and reflects it.

[0034] use Figure 1The air interface topology shown in section b allows cellular base stations to continue using their existing Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) communication mechanism (a technology that allows bidirectional communication, arranging transmission (downlink) and reception (uplink) on two different frequency bands), effectively reducing the cost of upgrading cellular base stations. However, due to the high sensitivity of passive IoT systems in receiving signals, and Figure 1 In the air interface topology shown in section b, the charging signal is provided by the remote radio frequency unit of the base station. Therefore, in this type of architecture, the deployment density of the remote radio frequency unit of the base station is relatively high, which leads to problems such as high cost of building new networks.

[0035] Facing the current standard, the first recommended Figure 1 The air interface topology shown in section b suffers from the problem of high deployment density of remote radio frequency units at the base station. This application provides an air interface topology for a backscattering system, including a base station, edge devices, and passive IoT devices. Furthermore, this application provides various backscattering methods based on this air interface topology to ensure that system signals reach the tags in an orderly manner, avoiding issues such as increased tag noise floor.

[0036] Next, starting from the edge device side, the backscattering method of this application will be described in detail. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the first backscattering method in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the backscattering method of this application may include the following steps: Step 101: Receive the indication signal sent by the base station.

[0037] In this embodiment, the edge device operates under the control of the base station, and specifically operates according to the instruction signals sent by the base station.

[0038] In this embodiment, all signals received by the edge device from the base station are referred to as indication signals, and the specific type of indication signal can be set according to actual needs.

[0039] Step 102: According to the instruction signal, send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive IoT device; wherein, the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information to the base station.

[0040] In this embodiment, the indication signal may include a method for transmitting a charging signal, a method for transmitting a control signal, and a method for transmitting a carrier signal. Thus, the edge device can send a charging signal to the passive IoT device according to the method for transmitting the charging signal, a control signal to the passive IoT device according to the method for transmitting the control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive IoT device according to the method for transmitting the carrier signal. Finally, the passive IoT device can activate based on the charging signal, and based on the control signal, modulate its own information using the carrier signal to obtain a modulated signal, which is then reflected back to the base station.

[0041] In this embodiment, tasks requiring close-range, high-power transmission, such as providing charging signals and sending control signals to passive IoT devices, are offloaded from the high-cost, sparsely deployed remote radio frequency units of base stations and transferred to flexibly deployable, low-cost edge devices. Using this approach, the remote radio frequency units of base stations no longer need to be built in a high-density manner to ensure signal coverage for passive IoT devices, thus significantly reducing the cost of building new passive IoT systems.

[0042] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, step 102 may include: The device sends charging and control signals to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band and carrier signals to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band; the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band.

[0043] In this embodiment, the edge device transmits charging and control signals via the first frequency band and carrier signals via the second frequency band. This ensures that when the base station is monitoring the weak reflected signals of passive IoT devices (operating in the second frequency band), it will not be interfered with by the strong transmitted signals (operating in the first frequency band) from edge devices in the same area. This frequency division design can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, thereby increasing the signal coverage and extending the communication distance.

[0044] In one implementation, based on the above embodiments, the first frequency band is a downlink frequency band and the second frequency band is an uplink frequency band.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first frequency band is the downlink band, for example, 934MHz to 949MHz. The second frequency band is the uplink band, for example, 889MHz to 904MHz. The first and second frequency bands can occupy the same transmission bandwidth, for example, both can be 180kHz bandwidth.

[0046] In this embodiment, a frequency division duplex design that separates the downlink and uplink frequency bands is adopted, which can eliminate the self-interference of strong signals from the system transmitter to the receiver, thereby extending the effective communication distance of passive IoT devices.

[0047] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, sending charging signals and control signals to the passive IoT device on a first frequency band, and sending carrier signals to the passive IoT device on a second frequency band, may include: Using a time-division multiplexing method, charging and control signals are sent to passive IoT devices on the first frequency band, and carrier signals are sent to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band.

[0048] In this embodiment, time-division multiplexing refers to the process of dividing the time axis into a series of discrete and non-overlapping time segments (slots) on the same physical channel or frequency resource, and then sequentially allocating different signals, tasks or data streams to these different time segments for transmission according to a predetermined logical order.

[0049] For example, an edge device can send a charging signal to a passive IoT device via a first frequency band in a first time segment, send a control signal to the passive IoT device via a first frequency band in a second time segment, and send a carrier signal to the passive IoT device via a second frequency band in a third time segment. The first, second, and third time segments are multiple discrete time segments arranged in chronological order.

[0050] In this embodiment, the edge device sends signals to the passive IoT device in a time-division multiplexing manner on the first and second frequency bands. That is, the edge device selectively sends signals on the first or second frequency band at different time segments according to a preset process, which can achieve fine-grained management of signals and interference avoidance.

[0051] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, step 102 may include: A charging signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the first frequency band, a control signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the second frequency band, and a carrier signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the third frequency band; wherein the third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and different from the second frequency band.

[0052] In this embodiment, the first frequency band and the second frequency band may be the same or different. The third frequency band is different from both the first and second frequency bands.

[0053] In practice, the duration for which edge devices send charging signals to passive IoT devices on the first frequency band can be set according to actual needs.

[0054] In this embodiment, the transmission of the charging signal is fixed in the first frequency band. Since the first frequency band is only used for transmitting the charging signal, and the duration of transmitting the charging signal can be set according to actual needs, when this duration is a large value, continuous and uninterrupted power supply to the passive IoT device can be achieved. This allows the passive IoT device to stably obtain energy throughout the entire process of receiving control signals, carrier signals, and performing signal reflection, avoiding communication interruption due to power depletion during long-term interaction, thereby enhancing the robustness of the communication link. Secondly, this frequency division design can minimize mutual interference between various signals, improving the reliability of the entire communication link.

[0055] In one embodiment, in conjunction with the above embodiments, the first frequency band is an uplink frequency band or a downlink frequency band, the second frequency band is a downlink frequency band, and the third frequency band is an uplink frequency band.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first frequency band is either a downlink band (e.g., 758MHz to 788MHz) or an uplink band (e.g., 703MHz to 733MHz). The second frequency band is a downlink band, e.g., 934MHz to 949MHz. The third frequency band can be an uplink band, e.g., 889MHz to 904MHz.

[0057] The first, second, and third frequency bands can occupy the same transmission bandwidth, for example, all of which can be 180kHz bandwidth.

[0058] In this embodiment, by separating the charging, downlink control and uplink response functions into three independent frequency bands, parallel communication under continuous power supply for passive IoT devices can be achieved, and the robustness of the communication link can be improved while eliminating system self-interference.

[0059] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, sending a control signal to a passive IoT device on a second frequency band and sending a carrier signal to the passive IoT device on a third frequency band includes: Using a time-division multiplexing method, control signals are sent to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band, and carrier signals are sent to passive IoT devices on the third frequency band.

[0060] For example, the edge device can send control signals to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band in the first time segment, and can send carrier signals to the passive IoT device on the third frequency band in the second time segment. In either the first or second time segment, the edge device can send charging signals to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band.

[0061] In this embodiment, the edge device can transmit signals simultaneously on both the first and second frequency bands, or simultaneously on both the first and third frequency bands. However, it must transmit signals on both the second and third frequency bands in a time-division multiplexing manner to avoid internal interference caused by the passive IoT device performing two complex radio frequency operations at the same time, thus ensuring reliable data transmission.

[0062] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, sending a charging signal to a passive IoT device on a first frequency band includes: Send a charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band and maintain this operation until a preset stop condition is met.

[0063] The preset stopping condition can be any of the following: the duration of sending the charging signal is longer than the preset duration, or the passive IoT device completes the reflection of its own information.

[0064] In this embodiment, the transmission of the charging signal is fixed in the first frequency band, and the operation of sending the charging signal to the passive IoT device is maintained on the first frequency band until the preset stop condition is reached. This can realize continuous and uninterrupted power supply to the passive IoT device, so that the passive IoT device can stably obtain energy throughout the entire process of receiving control signals, carrier signals and performing signal reflection. This avoids the situation where the passive IoT device is interrupted due to power depletion during long-term interaction, thereby enhancing the robustness of the communication link.

[0065] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the method of this application may further include: It generates charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals.

[0066] In this embodiment, the edge device can actively generate charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals based on the received instruction signals, and send the charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals to the passive IoT device.

[0067] In this embodiment, the edge device actively generates charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals. This applies to both the scenario described above where charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals are transmitted through the first and second frequency bands (this application refers to this communication mechanism as the first communication mechanism) and the scenario described above where charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals are transmitted through the first, second, and third frequency bands (this application refers to this communication mechanism as the second communication mechanism).

[0068] The first and second communication mechanisms will be described in detail below.

[0069] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating the first backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 In this context, f1 is the center frequency of the first frequency band, and f2 is the center frequency of the second frequency band. f1 and f2 refer to the first and second frequency bands, respectively. (See reference...) Figure 3 Under the first communication mechanism, the interaction process between the devices is as follows: 1. The base station sends an inventory initialization command to the edge device, configures the charging time of the edge device on the first frequency band, and activates the command format and other information used by the passive IoT device.

[0070] In this embodiment, the indication signal sent by the base station to the edge device carries an inventory initialization command. The inventory initialization command is a configuration command sent by the base station to the edge device before the entire communication process begins. Through this command, the base station sends the rules and parameters required for this inventory task to the edge device all at once.

[0071] The charging time and the instruction format used to activate passive IoT devices are both configuration parameters included in the inventory initialization instruction. Charging time refers to the duration for which the edge device needs to continuously transmit charging signals. The instruction format used to activate passive IoT devices defines the technical details (modulation method, encoding method, data rate, frame structure, etc.) of the control signals that the edge device will send.

[0072] 2-3. According to the base station configuration, the edge device first sends a charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band (the charging signal is a carrier signal with a higher proportion of high level than low level). Then, it sends a control signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band.

[0073] In one implementation, the control signal is specifically a query command, which carries at least the modulation and encoding methods of the passive IoT device's response signal, as well as the accessible time-frequency domain resources. The accessible time-frequency domain resources refer to the communication rules issued by the base station, which specify at what time and / or on what frequency each activated passive IoT device can respond. This is used to resolve conflicts in environments with multiple passive IoT devices, ensuring orderly and efficient communication.

[0074] 4. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to shut down signal transmission on the first frequency band and start transmitting carrier signals on the second frequency band.

[0075] 5. Edge devices send carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band according to the base station configuration.

[0076] 6. Once fully charged (activated), the passive IoT device is configured according to the instructions (inventory instruction signal) and reflects its own information to the base station on the second frequency band.

[0077] In one implementation, the information reflected by the passive IoT device to the base station may be an Ambient IoT Message 1 (AIOT MSG1). AIOT MSG1 carries at least an air interface random number for random access. This air interface random number is a temporary, non-unique identifier sent by the passive IoT device when initiating a communication request. Its purpose is to resolve channel contention and signal collisions in scenarios where multiple passive IoT devices respond simultaneously.

[0078] 7. After successfully receiving the AIOT MSG1 reflected by the passive IoT device, the base station sends an AIOTMSG2 initialization command to the edge device. The AIOT MSG2 initialization command is used to authorize and precisely configure the edge device to generate and send the random access response message (AIOT MSG2) in a specific manner and with specific parameters. The AIOT MSG2 initialization command must at least include the generation method of AIOT MSG2, including the transmission timing and transmission frequency band.

[0079] 8. According to the base station configuration, the edge device sends the AIOT MSG2 command to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band. The AIOT MSG2 command is used to inform the passive IoT device that "the base station has successfully received the AIOT MSG1 and the passive IoT device can continue to send data". The AIOT MSG2 command carries at least the air interface random number of AIOT MSG1.

[0080] If the current round of communication has not yet ended, proceed to steps 9-11. If the current round of communication has ended, do not proceed with the subsequent process.

[0081] 9. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to shut down signal transmission on the first frequency band and start transmitting carrier signals on the second frequency band.

[0082] 10. Edge devices, configured according to the base station, send carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band.

[0083] 11. Passive IoT devices are configured according to instructions and reflect their own information to the base station on the second frequency band.

[0084] In one implementation, the information reflected by the passive IoT device to the base station can be the AIOT MSG3, which carries at least a unique identifier for the tag across the entire network. The purpose of the AIOT MSG3 carrying the unique identifier for the tag across the entire network is to complete the conversion from anonymous request to real-name communication after a communication link is successfully established through random access, enabling the network to perform final identity verification, authentication, and service management for the passive IoT device.

[0085] If the current round of communication has not yet ended, it proceeds analogously to steps 7-11. The base station continues to send instructions to the edge device, controlling its signal transmission on the first and second frequency bands. The passive IoT device follows the instructions and reflects its own information on the second frequency band. If the current round of communication has ended, it will not continue.

[0086] Accordingly, this application designs the functional structure of the edge device, such as... Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 This is a functional structure diagram of the first type of edge device shown in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in the first communication mechanism, the edge device may include: The signal transceiver module is used to receive and process the indication signals sent by the base station, and send the processing results to the timing control module; The timing control module is used to determine the operating mode of the signal generation module based on the processing results; The signal generation module is used to generate charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals, and to send charging signals and control signals to passive IoT devices on the first frequency band, and to send carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band.

[0087] In this embodiment, the timing control module centrally schedules and precisely orchestrates signal generation, which can transform the high-level instructions of the base station into a series of complex multi-frequency, time-division multiplexing operations, thereby ensuring the orderly transmission of various signals such as charging, control, and carrier signals, and avoiding internal signal conflicts and mutual interference.

[0088] Secondly, in the first communication mechanism, the ranges of the first and second frequency bands can be as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the first type of communication frequency band allocation in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The first frequency band (f1) can be located on China Mobile's band 8 downlink band (934MHz to 949MHz), occupying 180kHz of transmission bandwidth. The second frequency band (f2) can be located on China Mobile's band 8 uplink band (889MHz to 904MHz), occupying the same transmission bandwidth as the first frequency band.

[0089] Of course, in actual implementation, the range of the first and second frequency bands can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0090] In this embodiment, a frequency division duplex design that separates the downlink and uplink frequency bands is adopted, which can eliminate the self-interference of strong signals from the system transmitter to the receiver, thereby improving the receiver sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio and extending the effective communication distance of passive IoT devices.

[0091] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram illustrating the second backscatter communication mechanism shown in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 In this context, f1 is the center frequency of the first frequency band, f2 is the center frequency of the second frequency band, and f3 is the center frequency of the third frequency band. f1, f2, and f3 respectively represent the first, second, and third frequency bands. (See reference...) Figure 6 Under the second communication mechanism, the interaction process between the devices is as follows: 1. The base station sends an inventory initialization command to the edge device, configures the charging time of the edge device on the first frequency band, and activates the command format and other information used by the passive IoT device.

[0092] 2. According to the base station configuration, the edge device first sends a charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band, and then sends a control signal to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band without turning off the charging signal on the first frequency band. In one embodiment, the control signal is an inventory command, which carries at least the modulation method and encoding method of the passive IoT device's response signal, as well as the accessible time and frequency domain resources.

[0093] 3. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to shut down the transmission of signals on the second frequency band and start transmitting carrier signals on the third frequency band.

[0094] 4. According to the base station configuration, the edge device sends a carrier signal to the passive IoT device on the third frequency band without shutting down the charging signal on the first frequency band.

[0095] 5. After being fully charged (activated), the passive IoT device is configured according to the instructions and reflects its own information to the base station on the third frequency band. In one embodiment, the information reflected by the passive IoT device may be AIOT MSG1, which carries at least an air interface random number for random access.

[0096] 6. After the base station successfully receives the AIOT MSG1 reflected by the passive IoT device, it sends the AIOTMSG2 initialization command to the edge device. The AIOT MSG2 initialization command shall at least carry the generation method of AIOT MSG2, including the timing of transmission and the transmission frequency.

[0097] 7. The edge device, according to the base station configuration, continues to transmit the charging signal on the first frequency band and sends the AIOT MSG2 command to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band. The AIOT MSG2 command is used to inform the passive IoT device that "the base station has successfully received AIOT MSG1 and the passive IoT device can continue to send data". The AIOT MSG2 command carries at least the air interface random number of AIOTMSG1.

[0098] If the current round of communication has not yet ended, proceed to steps 8-10. If the current round of communication has ended, do not proceed with the subsequent process.

[0099] 8. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to shut down the transmission of signals on the second frequency band and start transmitting command signals on the third frequency band.

[0100] 9. The edge device, according to the base station configuration, maintains the transmission of charging signals on the first frequency band and transmits carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the third frequency band.

[0101] 10. Passive IoT devices, configured according to instructions, reflect their own information to the base station on the third frequency band. In one implementation, the information reflected by the passive IoT device may be AIOT MSG3, which carries at least a unique identifier for the tag across the entire network.

[0102] If the current communication round has not yet ended, it proceeds analogously to steps 6-10. The base station continues to send instructions to the edge devices, controlling their signal transmission on the second and third frequency bands. The passive IoT devices, controlled by the instructions, reflect information on the third frequency band. If the current communication round has ended, it will not continue.

[0103] Accordingly, this application designs the functional structure of the edge device, such as... Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 This is a functional structure diagram of a second type of edge device shown in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 7 As shown, in the second communication mechanism, the edge device may include: The signal transceiver module is used to receive and process signals sent by the base station and send the processing results to the timing control module. The timing control module is used to determine the operating mode of the signal generation module based on the processing results; The first signal generation module is used to generate a charging signal and send the charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band. The second signal generation module generates control signals and carrier signals, and sends control signals to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band and carrier signals to the passive IoT device on the third frequency band. In this embodiment, the first signal generation module is specifically used to provide a continuous and stable charging signal to the passive IoT device through the first frequency band, thereby providing uninterrupted energy replenishment for the entire communication process of the passive IoT device. The second signal generation module can precisely execute dynamic switching and signal transmission tasks between the second and third frequency bands according to timing control. This dual-channel design, which combines energy and information, ensures efficient and reliable parallel communication of passive IoT devices.

[0104] Secondly, in the second communication mechanism, the ranges of the first, second, and third frequency bands can be as follows: Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the second type of communication frequency band allocation in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 8 The first frequency band (f1) can be located on the downlink band (758MHz to 788MHz) or uplink band (703MHz to 733MHz) of China Broadcasting Network and China Mobile's band28. The second frequency band (f2) can be located on the downlink band (934MHz to 949MHz) of China Mobile's band8, occupying 180kHz of transmission bandwidth. The third frequency band (f3) can be located on the uplink band (889MHz to 904MHz) of China Mobile's band8, occupying the same transmission bandwidth as the first frequency band.

[0105] Of course, in actual implementation, the range of the first frequency band, the second frequency band, and the third frequency band can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0106] In this embodiment, information interaction is limited to paired uplink and downlink frequency bands (f2 / f3) to eliminate system self-interference. At the same time, the charging frequency band (f1), which can be flexibly deployed in any frequency band, is used to achieve continuous power supply for passive IoT devices. This can maximize the robustness of the communication link while providing high flexibility in spectrum resource planning.

[0107] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the indication signal includes a first initialization signal. The first initialization signal is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal, control signal, and carrier signal. Generating the charging signal, control signal, and carrier signal includes: Based on the first initialization signal, a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal are generated.

[0108] In this embodiment, in both the first and second communication mechanisms, the indication signal includes a first initialization signal. The first initialization signal mainly includes inventory initialization instructions (such as...). Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this part of the instruction can carry instructions on how to generate charging signals, control signals and carrier signals, so that the edge device can accurately generate charging signals, control signals and carrier signals, and ultimately ensure that the passive IoT device can successfully reflect its own information to the base station.

[0109] In one embodiment, based on the above embodiments, the indication signal includes a control signal, sending a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive IoT device, including: Generate charging signals and carrier signals; Send charging signals, control signals in indication signals, and carrier signals to passive IoT devices.

[0110] In this embodiment, the base station actively generates control signals and sends them to the edge device. The edge device actively generates charging signals and carrier signals. This is applicable to both the scenario described above where charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals are sent through the first and second frequency bands (this application refers to this communication mechanism as the third communication mechanism) and the scenario described above where charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals are sent through the first, second, and third frequency bands (this application refers to this communication mechanism as the fourth communication mechanism).

[0111] The third and fourth communication mechanisms will be described in detail below.

[0112] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the third backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 9 Under the third communication mechanism, the interaction process between the devices is as follows: 1. The base station sends an inventory initialization command to the edge device. The inventory initialization command includes a charging time configuration command, instructing the edge device how to send charging signals on the first frequency band, for example, to start sending charging signals on the first frequency band after X seconds, where X is a number greater than 0.

[0113] 2. The edge device sends a charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band according to the base station configuration.

[0114] 3. The base station transmits control signals on the fourth frequency band (center frequency f0). In one embodiment, the control signal is an inventory command, which carries at least the modulation and encoding methods of the passive IoT device's response signal, as well as the accessible time and frequency domain resources.

[0115] 4. The edge device, according to the base station configuration, migrates the control signals from the base station from the fourth frequency band to the first frequency band, amplifies the signals, and then transmits them.

[0116] 5. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to shut down signal transmission on the first frequency band and start transmitting carrier signals on the second frequency band.

[0117] 6. Edge devices, configured according to the base station, send carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band.

[0118] 7. The fully charged (activated) passive IoT device is configured according to the instructions and reflects its own information to the base station on the second frequency band. In one embodiment, the information reflected by the passive IoT device may be AIOT MSG1, which carries at least an air interface random number for random access.

[0119] 8. After the base station successfully receives the information reflected by the passive IoT device, it sends the AIOT MSG2 command to the edge device on the fourth frequency band to confirm that the base station has successfully received AIOT MSG1. The passive IoT device can continue to send data. The AIOT MSG2 command carries at least the air interface random number of AIOT MSG1.

[0120] 9. According to the base station configuration, the edge device migrates the received AIOT MSG2 command from the fourth frequency band to the first frequency band, amplifies the signal, and then sends it.

[0121] If the current round of communication has not yet ended, proceed to steps 10-12. If the current round of communication has ended, do not proceed with the subsequent process.

[0122] 10. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to shut down the transmission of signals on the first frequency band and start transmitting carrier signals on the second frequency band.

[0123] 11. Edge devices, configured according to the base station, send carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the second frequency band.

[0124] 12. Passive IoT devices are configured according to instructions and reflect their own information to the base station on the second frequency band. In one implementation, the information sent by the passive IoT device may be AIOT MSG3, which carries at least a unique identifier for the tag across the entire network.

[0125] If the current round of communication has not yet ended, it proceeds analogously to steps 8-12. The base station continues to send instructions to the edge device, controlling its signal transmission on the first and second frequency bands. The passive IoT device follows the instructions and reflects information on the second frequency band. If the current round of communication has ended, it will not continue.

[0126] In the third communication mechanism, the task of generating complex control signals is moved back from the edge device to the base station, which can optimize the cost and complexity of the edge device.

[0127] Accordingly, this application designs the functional structure of the edge device, such as... Figure 10 As shown. Figure 10 This is a functional structure diagram of the third type of edge device shown in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 10 As shown, in the third communication mechanism, the edge device may include: The signal transceiver module is used to receive and process signals sent by the base station and send the processing results to the timing control module. The timing control module is used to determine the operating mode of the signal generation module based on the processing results; The signal generation module is used to generate a charging signal and a carrier signal, and to send the charging signal to the tag in the first frequency band and the carrier signal to the tag in the second frequency band. The frequency shift forwarding module is used to obtain control signals from the signals sent from the base station to the signal transceiver module, and send control signals to the tag on the first frequency band.

[0128] In this embodiment, moving the complex control signal generation task from the edge device back to the base station optimizes the cost and complexity of the edge device, thus laying the foundation for large-scale, low-cost deployment of passive IoT. Furthermore, the edge device employs... Figure 10 The structure shown has a signal generation module specifically responsible for generating charging signals and carrier signals, and a frequency shifting and forwarding module specifically responsible for shifting and amplifying the control signals from the base station in the radio frequency domain, enabling edge devices to efficiently perform two different radio frequency tasks with minimal hardware complexity.

[0129] Secondly, the ranges of the first and second frequency bands in the third communication mechanism are exactly the same as those in the first communication mechanism. For details, please refer to... Figure 5 As shown.

[0130] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fourth backscatter communication mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 11 Under the fourth communication mechanism, the interaction process between the devices is as follows: 1. The base station sends an inventory initialization command to the edge device. The inventory initialization command includes a charging time configuration command, instructing the edge device how to send charging signals, such as starting to send charging signals on the first frequency band after X seconds, where X is a number greater than 0.

[0131] 2. The edge device sends a charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band according to the base station configuration.

[0132] 3. The base station transmits control signals on the fourth frequency band (center frequency f0). In one embodiment, the control signal is an inventory command, which carries at least the modulation and encoding methods of the passive IoT device's response signal, as well as the accessible time and frequency domain resources.

[0133] 4. According to the base station configuration, the edge device migrates the received control signal from the fourth frequency band to the second frequency band without shutting down the charging signal on the first frequency band, and then transmits it after signal amplification.

[0134] 5. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to start transmitting carrier signals on the third frequency band.

[0135] 6. According to the base station configuration, the edge device sends a carrier signal to the passive IoT device on the third frequency band without shutting down the charging signal on the first frequency band.

[0136] 7. The fully charged (activated) passive IoT device is configured according to the instructions and reflects its own information to the base station on the third frequency band. In one embodiment, the information reflected by the passive IoT device may be AIOT MSG1, which carries at least an air interface random number for random access.

[0137] 8. After the base station successfully receives the information reflected by the passive IoT device, it sends the AIOT MSG2 command to the edge device on the fourth frequency band (f0) to confirm that the base station has successfully received AIOT MSG1. The passive IoT device can continue to send data. The AIOT MSG2 command carries at least the air interface random number of AIOT MSG1.

[0138] 9. The edge device, according to the base station configuration, maintains the transmission of the charging signal on the first frequency band, migrates the received AIOTMSG2 command from the fourth frequency band to the second frequency band, amplifies the signal, and then transmits it.

[0139] If the current round of communication has not yet ended, proceed to steps 11-12. If the current round of communication has ended, do not proceed with the subsequent process.

[0140] 10. Optionally, the base station sends a signal switching command, instructing the edge device to start sending command signals on the third frequency band.

[0141] 11. According to the base station configuration, the edge device maintains the transmission of charging signals on the first frequency band and sends carrier signals to passive IoT devices on the third frequency band.

[0142] 12. Passive IoT devices, configured according to instructions, reflect their own information to the base station on the third frequency band. In one implementation, the information sent by the passive IoT device may be AIOT MSG3, which carries at least a unique identifier for the tag across the entire network.

[0143] If the current communication round has not yet ended, it proceeds analogously to steps 8-12. The base station continues to send instructions to the edge device, controlling its signal transmission on the second and third frequency bands. The passive IoT device, controlled by the instructions, reflects information on the third frequency band. If the current communication round has ended, it will not continue.

[0144] In the fourth communication mechanism, by retaining the complex control signal generation task at the base station, while the edge device only forwards the signal via frequency shifting, the hardware design of the edge device can be greatly simplified. Secondly, providing continuous wireless charging for passive IoT devices on a separate first frequency band can solve the problem of communication failure due to energy depletion during prolonged interaction.

[0145] Accordingly, this application designs the functional structure of the edge device, such as... Figure 12 As shown. Figure 12 This is a functional structure diagram of the fourth edge device shown in the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 12 As shown, in the fourth communication mechanism, the edge device may include: The signal transceiver module is used to receive and process signals sent by the base station and send the processing results to the timing control module. The timing control module is used to determine the operating mode of the signal generation module based on the processing results; The first signal generation module is used to generate a charging signal and send the charging signal to the tag on the first frequency band; The frequency shift forwarding module is used to obtain control signals from the signals sent from the base station to the signal transceiver module, and send control signals to the tag on the second frequency band; The second signal generation module is used to generate a carrier signal and send the carrier signal to the tag on the third frequency band.

[0146] In this embodiment, the complex control signal generation task is retained at the base station, while the edge device only performs frequency forwarding of the control signals. This greatly simplifies the hardware design of the edge device and provides a foundation for large-scale, low-cost, dense deployment. Furthermore, the edge device employs... Figure 12 The structure shown can physically ensure that the three major tasks of charging, control, and carrier wave are executed efficiently and independently without interference.

[0147] Secondly, the frequency ranges of the first, second, and third bands in the fourth communication mechanism are exactly the same as those in the second communication mechanism. For details, please refer to... Figure 8 As shown.

[0148] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the indication signal includes a second initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal and the carrier signal. Generating the charging signal and the carrier signal includes: Based on the second initialization signal, a charging signal and a carrier signal are generated.

[0149] In this embodiment, in the third and fourth communication mechanisms, the indication signal includes a second initialization signal. The second initialization signal mainly includes an inventory initialization command, which can carry instructions on how to generate charging signals and carrier signals, enabling edge devices to accurately generate charging signals and carrier signals, ultimately ensuring that passive IoT devices can successfully reflect their own information to the base station.

[0150] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the indication signal includes a switching signal, which instructs the edge device to switch the frequency band used for transmitting signals. Based on the indication signal, a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal are sent to the passive IoT device, including: Based on the switching signal, charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals are sent to passive IoT devices.

[0151] In this embodiment, in any of the first to fourth communication mechanisms, the indication signal includes a switching signal, i.e. Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 The signal switching command is optional, therefore it is used in... Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 The dashed lines are used to represent this.

[0152] In this embodiment, the edge device can switch the frequency band used to transmit the signal according to the switching signal, thereby ensuring the use of the time-division relay strategy and realizing the smooth reflection of information from passive IoT devices.

[0153] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the method of this application may further include: A second confirmation message is sent to the passive IoT device. This second confirmation message is generated after the base station determines that it has received the first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device.

[0154] In this embodiment, the first confirmation message is used to notify the base station that "the edge device is about to send data," and the second confirmation message is used to notify the passive IoT device that "the base station is ready to receive data." The first confirmation message is AIOTMSG1 mentioned above, and the second confirmation message is AIOTMSG2 mentioned above.

[0155] If the first or second communication mechanism is adopted, when the edge device receives the AIOTMSG2 initialization command sent by the base station, it determines that the base station has received the first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device. After that, the edge device actively generates AIOT MSG2 according to the AIOT MSG2 initialization command.

[0156] If the third or fourth communication mechanism is adopted, after the base station confirms that it has received the first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device, it actively generates AIOT MSG2 and sends AIOT MSG to the edge device, which then forwards it to the passive IoT device via frequency shifting.

[0157] In this embodiment, the passive IoT device first reflects a first acknowledgment message to the base station. After receiving the first acknowledgment message, the base station controls the edge device to send a second acknowledgment message to the passive IoT device. In this way, the passive IoT device can continue to reflect its own information to the base station. Through this standardized communication method, the passive IoT device can safely and smoothly reflect its own information to the base station.

[0158] Next, the backscattering method of this application will be described in detail from the perspective of passive IoT devices. The backscattering method of this application may include the following steps: Step 201: Receive charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals sent by the edge device; Step 202: Based on the charging signal, control signal and carrier signal, reflect its own information to the base station.

[0159] In this embodiment, tasks requiring close-range, high-power transmission, such as providing charging signals and sending control signals to passive IoT devices, are offloaded from the high-cost, sparsely deployed remote radio frequency units of base stations and transferred to flexibly deployable, low-cost edge devices. Using this approach, the remote radio frequency units of base stations no longer need to be built in a high-density manner to ensure signal coverage of tags, thus significantly reducing the cost of building new passive IoT systems.

[0160] In one implementation, in conjunction with the above embodiments, step 202 may include: Activation is completed based on the charging signal; After activation, it reflects its own information to the base station using a carrier signal as the transmission medium, according to the control signal.

[0161] In this embodiment, the passive IoT device first completes activation based on the charging signal. After activation, it modulates its own information using a carrier signal according to the control signal to obtain a modulated signal, and finally reflects the modulated signal to the base station.

[0162] In this embodiment, tasks such as sending charging signals and sending control signals are transferred to low-cost edge devices for execution, eliminating the need to deploy high-density remote radio frequency units and greatly reducing the cost of building a new passive Internet of Things.

[0163] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, using a carrier signal as the transmission medium to reflect its own information to the base station includes: Using a carrier signal as the transmission medium, the first confirmation message is reflected back to the base station; After receiving the second confirmation message sent by the edge device, it reflects its own information back to the base station using a carrier signal as the transmission medium.

[0164] In this embodiment, after receiving a carrier signal, the passive IoT device first reflects a first acknowledgment message (AIOT MSG1) to the base station via the carrier signal, notifying the base station that it is about to send data. Then, after receiving a second acknowledgment message (AIOT MSG2), the passive IoT device reflects its own information (AIOT MSG3) to the base station via the carrier signal. Through this standardized data transmission method, the passive IoT device can safely and smoothly reflect its own information to the base station.

[0165] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, using a carrier signal as the transmission medium to reflect its own information to the base station includes: Using carrier signals as the transmission medium, the edge device reflects its own information back to the base station on the frequency band used when sending carrier signals.

[0166] In this embodiment, the frequency band used by the passive IoT device to reflect information is the same as the frequency band used by the edge device to send carrier signals. This ensures that the backscatter communication process complies with communication specifications and guarantees that the backscatter method of this application has strong applicability.

[0167] Next, the backscattering method of this application will be described in detail from the base station side. The backscattering method of this application may include the following steps: Step 301: Send an indication signal to the edge device. The indication signal is used to instruct the edge device to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive IoT device. Step 302: Receive information reflected by the passive IoT device. The information is the information reflected by the passive IoT device to the base station based on the charging signal, control signal and carrier signal.

[0168] In this embodiment, the indication signal may include a method for transmitting a charging signal, a method for transmitting a control signal, and a method for transmitting a carrier signal. Thus, the edge device can smoothly transmit charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals to the passive IoT device based on the indication signal, thereby achieving smooth reflection of information from the passive IoT device.

[0169] In this embodiment, tasks such as sending charging signals and control signals are transferred to low-cost edge devices for execution, eliminating the need to deploy high-density remote radio frequency units and significantly reducing the cost of building a new passive Internet of Things (IoT). In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the indication signal includes a first initialization signal, which indicates the generation method of the charging signal, control signal, and carrier signal.

[0170] In this embodiment, in both the first and second communication mechanisms, the indication signal includes a first initialization signal. The first initialization signal mainly includes an inventory initialization command. This command can carry instructions on how to generate charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals, enabling the edge device to accurately generate these signals and ultimately ensuring that the passive IoT device can successfully reflect its information back to the base station.

[0171] In one embodiment, in conjunction with the above embodiments, the indication signal includes a second initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal and the carrier signal.

[0172] In this embodiment, in the third and fourth communication mechanisms, the indication signal includes a second initialization signal. The second initialization signal mainly includes an inventory initialization command, which can carry instructions on how to generate charging signals and carrier signals, enabling edge devices to accurately generate charging signals and carrier signals, ultimately ensuring that passive IoT devices can successfully reflect their own information to the base station.

[0173] In one embodiment, in conjunction with the above embodiments, the indication signal further includes a control signal.

[0174] In this embodiment, the base station actively generates the control signal and sends it to the edge device, instead of the edge device generating the control signal. This optimizes the cost and complexity of the edge device, thus laying the foundation for large-scale, low-cost deployment of passive IoT.

[0175] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, the indication signal further includes a switching signal, which is used to instruct the edge device to switch the frequency band used for transmitting signals.

[0176] In this embodiment, in any of the first to fourth communication mechanisms, the indication signal includes a switching signal. The edge device can switch the frequency band used to transmit the signal according to the switching signal, thereby ensuring the use of the time-division multiplexing strategy and realizing the smooth reflection of information from passive IoT devices.

[0177] In one implementation, in conjunction with the above embodiments, step 302 may include: Receive the first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device; The system receives information reflected from the passive IoT device. This information is generated in response to a second confirmation message, which is generated and sent to the passive IoT device after the base station has received the first confirmation message.

[0178] In this embodiment, after receiving the first confirmation message, the base station controls the edge device to send a second confirmation message to the passive IoT device. Then, the base station receives information reflected from the passive IoT device. The specific interaction process can be found above. Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 as well as Figure 11 Through this standardized data transmission method, passive IoT devices can securely and smoothly reflect their information back to the base station.

[0179] In one embodiment, based on the above embodiments, the base station includes a baseband unit that sends an indication signal to the edge device, including: The baseband unit sends indication signals to the edge devices.

[0180] This embodiment provides a first method for base station to control edge devices, such as... Figure 13 The edge node control method a is shown in the diagram. In this method, the base station controls the edge devices through the baseband unit. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for controlling an edge device from a base station, as shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0181] In edge node control mode a, the remote radio unit (RRU) and the edge node are uniformly timed and controlled by the baseband unit (BBU). Time synchronization refers to the process of distributing and transmitting standard time or synchronous clock signals from a high-precision, unified master clock source to one or more other slave devices in the system. This ensures that all independent units in the system can operate based on the same time reference, thereby achieving high-precision time synchronization in operation.

[0182] In this embodiment, edge node control method a can provide a direct and flat management architecture. The BBU, as the sole control and timing core, can directly synchronize the RRU and edge nodes. This method is suitable for centralized deployment scenarios where timing accuracy requirements are extremely high or where the physical distance between the edge nodes and the BBU is relatively close.

[0183] In one embodiment, based on the above embodiments, the base station includes a remote radio frequency unit that sends an indication signal to the edge device, including: The remote radio frequency unit sends an indication signal to the edge device.

[0184] This embodiment provides a second method for base station to control edge devices, such as... Figure 13 The edge device control mode b is shown in the diagram. In this mode, the baseband unit controls the operation of the remote radio frequency unit, and the remote radio frequency unit controls the operation of the edge device.

[0185] In edge node control mode b, the baseband unit (BBU) controls the remote radio frequency unit (RRU) and provides timing to the RRU, which in turn controls the edge node and provides timing to the edge node.

[0186] Edge node control method b is a hierarchical architecture that greatly simplifies the cabling requirements from the BBU location to the remote edge node, allowing edge nodes to be easily connected to RRUs in closer physical locations. This method is suitable for scenarios where edge nodes are widely and distributed, and can significantly reduce the complexity and overall cost of network construction.

[0187] This application provides two methods for base station control of edge devices, which can achieve an optimized balance between cost and performance for different application scenarios.

[0188] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, sending an indication signal to an edge device includes: Indication signals are sent to edge devices via wired or wireless communication.

[0189] In this embodiment, wired connection refers to connecting base station equipment (such as BBU or RRU) and edge equipment via physical cables, such as fiber optic connections or Ethernet cables. Wireless connection refers to communication between the base station and edge equipment via dedicated radio waves, without physical cables, such as dedicated wireless links or control within a cellular network.

[0190] This embodiment provides both wired and wireless control methods, giving the backscatter system extremely high deployment flexibility and environmental adaptability, and allowing for cost and performance optimization for different application scenarios. The wired method ensures low latency, high reliability, and precise clock synchronization of the control link, while the wireless method enables rapid, low-cost, and flexible deployment.

[0191] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall principle of the backscattering method shown in the embodiments of this application. Figure 14 As shown, this application will offload tasks requiring close-range, high-power transmission, such as charging signals and control signals, for passive IoT devices from the remote radio frequency units of high-cost, sparsely deployed base stations, and transfer them to flexibly deployable, low-cost edge nodes. Using this approach, the remote radio frequency units of base stations no longer need to be built in a high-density manner to ensure signal coverage of tags, thus significantly reducing the cost of building new passive IoT devices.

[0192] The backscattering device provided in the embodiments of this application is described below. The backscattering device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the backscattering method described above.

[0193] This application first provides a first backscattering device for use in edge devices. Figure 15 This is a structural block diagram of a backscattering device shown in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 15 The first type of backscattering device 1500 includes: The receiving unit 1501 is used to receive the indication signal sent by the base station; The transmitting unit 1502 is used to transmit a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive Internet of Things device according to the indication signal; The charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information to the base station.

[0194] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: transmit the charging signal and the control signal to the passive IoT device in a first frequency band, and transmit the carrier signal to the passive IoT device in a second frequency band; wherein, the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band.

[0195] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the first frequency band is a downlink frequency band and the second frequency band is an uplink frequency band.

[0196] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: transmit the charging signal and the control signal to the passive IoT device in a first frequency band using a time-division multiplexing method, and transmit the carrier signal to the passive IoT device in a second frequency band.

[0197] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: transmit the charging signal to the passive IoT device in a first frequency band, transmit the control signal to the passive IoT device in a second frequency band, and transmit the carrier signal to the passive IoT device in a third frequency band; wherein the third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and different from the second frequency band.

[0198] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the first frequency band is an uplink frequency band or a downlink frequency band, the second frequency band is a downlink frequency band, and the third frequency band is an uplink frequency band.

[0199] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: transmit the control signal to the passive IoT device in a second frequency band using a time-division multiplexing method, and transmit the carrier signal to the passive IoT device in a third frequency band.

[0200] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: transmit the charging signal to the passive Internet of Things device in a first frequency band, and maintain the operation until a preset stop condition is reached.

[0201] The backscattering device 1500 provided in this application further includes: The generation unit is used to generate the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

[0202] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the indication signal includes a first initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal, the control signal and the carrier signal. The generation unit is specifically used to generate the charging signal, the control signal and the carrier signal according to the first initialization signal.

[0203] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the indication signal includes the control signal, and the transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: generate the charging signal and the carrier signal; and send the charging signal, the control signal in the indication signal, and the carrier signal to the passive Internet of Things device.

[0204] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the indication signal includes a second initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal and the carrier signal. The transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to generate the charging signal and the carrier signal according to the second initialization signal.

[0205] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the indication signal includes a switching signal, which is used to instruct the edge device to switch the frequency band used for transmitting the signal. The transmitting unit 1502 is specifically used to: send the charging signal, the control signal and the carrier signal to the passive Internet of Things device according to the switching signal.

[0206] According to the backscattering device 1500 provided in this application, the sending unit 1502 is specifically used to: send a second confirmation message to the passive Internet of Things device, wherein the second confirmation message is generated after determining that the base station has received the first confirmation message reflected by the passive Internet of Things device.

[0207] This application also provides a second backscattering device for use in passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The second backscattering device of this application includes: The receiving unit is used to receive charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals sent by the edge device. The reflection unit is used to reflect its own information to the base station according to the charging signal, the control signal and the carrier signal.

[0208] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the reflection unit is specifically used for: activating according to the charging signal; and after activation, reflecting its own information to the base station according to the control signal and using the carrier signal as the transmission medium.

[0209] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the reflection unit is specifically used to: reflect a first confirmation message to the base station using the carrier signal as a transmission medium; and after receiving a second confirmation message sent by the edge device, reflect its own information to the base station using the carrier signal as a transmission medium.

[0210] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the reflection unit is specifically used to: reflect its own information to the base station in the frequency band used by the edge device when transmitting the carrier signal, using the carrier signal as the transmission medium.

[0211] This application also provides a third backscattering device for use in a base station. The third backscattering device of this application includes: A transmitting unit is used to send an indication signal to an edge device, the indication signal being used to instruct the edge device to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to a passive IoT device; A receiving unit is configured to receive information reflected by the passive IoT device, wherein the information is information about the passive IoT device itself reflected to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

[0212] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the indication signal includes a first initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

[0213] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the indication signal includes a second initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal and the carrier signal.

[0214] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the indication signal further includes a control signal.

[0215] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the indication signal further includes a switching signal, which is used to indicate that the edge device switches the frequency band used to transmit the signal.

[0216] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the receiving unit is specifically configured to: receive a first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device; receive information of itself reflected by the passive IoT device, wherein the information of itself is generated in response to a second confirmation message, and the second confirmation message is generated and sent to the passive IoT device after it is determined that the base station has received the first confirmation message.

[0217] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the base station includes a baseband unit, and the transmitting unit is specifically used to: transmit the indication signal to the edge device through the baseband unit.

[0218] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the base station includes a remote radio frequency unit, and the transmitting unit is specifically used to: transmit the indication signal to the edge device through the remote radio frequency unit.

[0219] According to the backscattering device provided in this application, the transmitting unit is specifically used to: transmit the indication signal to the edge device via wired communication or wireless communication.

[0220] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device as illustrated in an embodiment of this application. Figure 16As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 1610, a communication interface 1620, a memory 1630, and a communication bus 1640. The processor 1610, communication interface 1620, and memory 1630 communicate with each other via the communication bus 1640. The processor 1610 can call a computer program in the memory 1630 to execute the steps of a backscattering method. Furthermore, the logical instructions in the memory 1630 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage media include: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media that can store program code.

[0221] On the other hand, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can perform the steps of a backscattering method provided in the above embodiments.

[0222] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a processor-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a processor to execute the steps of a backscattering method provided in the above embodiments.

[0223] The processor-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that the processor can access, including but not limited to magnetic memory (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, magneto-optical disk (MO)), optical memory (e.g., CD, DVD, BD, HVD), and semiconductor memory (e.g., ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile memory (NAND FLASH), solid-state drive (SSD)).

[0224] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort. Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0225] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A backscattering method, characterized in that, Applied to edge devices, the method includes: Receive indication signals sent by the base station; According to the indicated signal, a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal are sent to the passive IoT device. The charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information to the base station.

2. The method of claim 2, wherein, Sending charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals to passive IoT devices includes: The charging signal and the control signal are sent to the passive IoT device in the first frequency band, and the carrier signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the second frequency band; The first frequency band is different from the second frequency band.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The first frequency band is the downlink frequency band, and the second frequency band is the uplink frequency band.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The step of sending the charging signal and the control signal to the passive IoT device in the first frequency band, and sending the carrier signal to the passive IoT device in the second frequency band, includes: Using a time-division multiplexing method, the charging signal and the control signal are sent to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band, and the carrier signal is sent to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Sending charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals to passive IoT devices includes: The charging signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the first frequency band, the control signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the second frequency band, and the carrier signal is sent to the passive IoT device in the third frequency band. The third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and also different from the second frequency band.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The first frequency band is either an uplink or downlink frequency band, the second frequency band is a downlink frequency band, and the third frequency band is an uplink frequency band.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein, The step of sending the control signal to the passive IoT device in the second frequency band and sending the carrier signal to the passive IoT device in the third frequency band includes: Using a time-division multiplexing method, the control signal is sent to the passive IoT device on the second frequency band, and the carrier signal is sent to the passive IoT device on the third frequency band.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, Sending the charging signal to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band includes: The charging signal is sent to the passive IoT device on the first frequency band, and the operation is maintained until a preset stop condition is met.

9. The method of claim 2 or 5, wherein, The method further includes: The charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are generated.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The indication signal includes a first initialization signal, which indicates the generation method of the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal. Generating the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal includes: Based on the first initialization signal, the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are generated.

11. The method of claim 2 or 5, wherein, The indication signal includes the control signal, and the sending of the charging signal, control signal, and carrier signal to the passive IoT device includes: Generate the charging signal and the carrier signal; The passive IoT device is sent the charging signal, the control signal in the indication signal, and the carrier signal.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The indication signal includes a second initialization signal, which indicates the generation method of the charging signal and the carrier signal. The generation of the charging signal and the carrier signal includes: The charging signal and the carrier signal are generated based on the second initialization signal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The indication signal includes a switching signal, which instructs the edge device to switch the frequency band used for transmitting signals. The step of sending charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals to the passive IoT device according to the indication signal includes: Based on the switching signal, the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are sent to the passive IoT device.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A second confirmation message is sent to the passive IoT device, which is generated after determining that the base station has received the first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device.

15. A backscatter method, comprising: Applied to passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the method includes: Receives charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals sent by edge devices; The system reflects its own information to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The step of reflecting its own information to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal includes: Activation is completed based on the charging signal; After activation, according to the control signal, using the carrier signal as the transmission medium, it reflects its own information to the base station.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The step of reflecting its own information to the base station using the carrier signal as a transmission medium includes: Using the carrier signal as a transmission medium, the first confirmation message is reflected back to the base station; After receiving the second confirmation message sent by the edge device, it reflects its own information to the base station using the carrier signal as the transmission medium.

18. The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein, The step of reflecting its own information to the base station using the carrier signal as a transmission medium includes: Using the carrier signal as a transmission medium, the edge device reflects its own information to the base station on the frequency band used when transmitting the carrier signal.

19. A backscatter method, comprising: Applied to a base station, the method includes: Sending an indication signal to the edge device, the indication signal being used to instruct the edge device to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive IoT device; The system receives information reflected by the passive IoT device, which is information about the passive IoT device itself reflected to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The indication signal includes a first initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein, The indication signal includes a second initialization signal, which is used to indicate the generation method of the charging signal and the carrier signal.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The indication signal also includes a control signal.

23. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The indication signal also includes a switching signal, which is used to instruct the edge device to switch the frequency band used to transmit the signal.

24. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The receipt of information reflected by the passive IoT device includes: Receive the first confirmation message reflected by the passive IoT device; The system receives information reflected from the passive IoT device, which is generated in response to a second confirmation message. The second confirmation message is generated and sent to the passive IoT device after the base station determines that it has received the first confirmation message.

25. The method according to any one of claims 19-24, characterized in that, The base station includes a baseband unit, and the step of sending an indication signal to the edge device includes: The indication signal is sent to the edge device via the baseband unit.

26. The method according to any one of claims 19-24, characterized in that, The base station includes a remote radio frequency unit, and the sending of the indication signal to the edge device includes: The indication signal is sent to the edge device via the remote radio frequency unit.

27. The method according to any one of claims 19-24, characterized in that, Sending an indication signal to the edge device includes: The indication signal is sent to the edge device via wired or wireless communication.

28. A backscattering device, characterized in that, Applied to edge devices, the device includes: The receiving unit is used to receive the indication signal sent by the base station; The transmitting unit is used to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to the passive Internet of Things device according to the indication signal; The charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal are used by the passive IoT device to reflect its own information to the base station.

29. A backscattering device, characterized in that, The device is applied to passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices and includes: The receiving unit is used to receive charging signals, control signals, and carrier signals sent by the edge device. The reflection unit is used to reflect its own information to the base station according to the charging signal, the control signal and the carrier signal.

30. A backscattering device, characterized in that, Applied to a base station, the device includes: A transmitting unit is used to send an indication signal to an edge device, the indication signal being used to instruct the edge device to send a charging signal, a control signal, and a carrier signal to a passive IoT device; A receiving unit is configured to receive information reflected by the passive IoT device, wherein the information is information about the passive IoT device itself reflected to the base station based on the charging signal, the control signal, and the carrier signal.

31. A backscattering system, characterized in that, It includes the backscattering device according to claim 1, the backscattering device according to claim 5, and the backscattering device according to claim 19.

32. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, or implements the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 15 to 18, or implements the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 19 to 27.

33. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, or the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 15 to 18, or the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 19 to 27.

34. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, or the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 15 to 18, or the backscattering method as described in any one of claims 19 to 27.

Images