A method and device for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology and discloses a method for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau areas. The method includes first selecting a relatively flat surface, placing the base of a monitoring device on the ground, and then fixing the base with an anchor rod equipped with a first temperature and humidity sensor. After the anchor rod is inserted into the soil, the temperature and humidity deep within the soil layer can be monitored using the first temperature and humidity sensor in contact with the soil. The lower end of the base of the monitoring device is inserted into the ground under the action of the anchor rod, at which point the bottom of the base is seamless with the ground, maintaining a relatively sealed state. Then, a second temperature and humidity sensor on the base is unfolded and suspended above the base, and finally, the end cap of the monitoring device is closed. This method and device for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau areas can increase the monitoring range of the monitoring device and also help to increase the temperature within the monitoring space, facilitating the testing of soil moisture evaporation rates at different temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau regions. Background Technology

[0002] The Loess Plateau region is characterized by complex and fragmented landforms, leading to severe soil erosion. Vegetation is a crucial factor influencing watershed hydrological processes and soil erosion. On one hand, changes in surface cover type and density affect soil infiltration and surface runoff, thereby impacting the regional hydrological cycle. On the other hand, vegetation changes also affect watershed soil erosion and sediment transport. Therefore, vegetation is often considered a key controlling factor in studies of runoff processes, erosion and sediment production processes, and water and sediment changes in the Yellow River basin. Since 2000, forest and grassland vegetation in the Loess Plateau region has improved significantly, with substantial changes in area, structure, and coverage. Statistical data on forest and grassland vegetation can reflect the effectiveness of afforestation and grass planting measures for soil and water conservation on the plateau to a certain extent. Furthermore, forest and grassland vegetation information in plateau soil and water loss analysis primarily relies on statistical data. Traditional statistical methods use data on forest and grassland area, vegetation coverage, and naturally restored forest and grassland vegetation to assess the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on the plateau.

[0003] Currently, traditional monitoring methods mainly rely on the coverage area of ​​forest and grassland vegetation. Obviously, this monitoring method is too general and cannot accurately reflect the actual soil moisture content. Furthermore, traditional monitoring equipment can only monitor the moisture content of deeper soil layers, making it difficult to comprehensively monitor the rate of soil moisture evaporation. Consequently, the actual measured data is difficult to provide accurate data for subsequent soil remediation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas. This method and apparatus can solve the problem that traditional monitoring equipment can only monitor the moisture content of soil at deeper depths and cannot comprehensively monitor the rate of soil moisture evaporation.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau regions, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a flat surface and place the base of the monitoring device on the ground. Use an anchor rod with a first temperature and humidity sensor to fix the base of the monitoring device. Use the first temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature and humidity deep in the soil. Step 2: Insert the lower end of the base of the monitoring device into the ground and unfold the second temperature and humidity sensor on the base. Then cover the end cap of the monitoring device to form a monitoring space between the end cap and the base. Use the second temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the temperature and humidity in the monitoring space and test the evaporation rate of water in the surface soil. Step 3: Periodically remove moisture from the monitoring space to maintain the same temperature and humidity as the outside environment, which is used to monitor the evaporation rate of surface soil moisture at different time periods. Step 4: Use the air quality sensor installed on the end cap to monitor the air quality at regular intervals under uniform airflow conditions.

[0007] Preferably, the temperature in the monitoring space is adjusted by the surface of the shielding end cap and by extracting some of the gas in the monitoring space. The evaporation rate of moisture can also be monitored at a set temperature by adjusting the temperature.

[0008] The present invention also provides a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau areas, including an electrical control unit, a base, an end cap and multiple anchor rods. The top of the end cap is fixedly connected to a shell through a round hole. The lower end of the shell has multiple round openings. An outer shell is provided inside the shell. An inner shell is fitted inside the outer shell. An adjustment mechanism is installed between the outer shell and the inner shell. The adjustment mechanism is used to change the distance between the inner shell and the outer shell to switch the air intake direction, thereby adjusting the temperature and humidity inside the end cover. An exhaust pipe is installed on one side of the inner shell, and an exhaust assembly is installed inside the exhaust pipe. A ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base. The ring is sleeved with the lower end of the end cap. An opening is provided at the upper end of the end cap. Multiple positioning holes are provided circumferentially along the opening. Multiple anchor rods are inserted into the multiple positioning holes respectively. A retaining ring is sleeved inside the base. An air inlet mechanism is installed on the retaining ring.

[0009] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes a circular plate, with two guide posts fixedly connected to the lower end of the circular plate. Sliding sleeves are fitted onto the side walls of both guide posts. A cover plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner shell. A first exhaust port is opened on one side of the inner shell, and a second exhaust port is opened at the bottom of the inner shell. The sliding sleeve is fixed at the second exhaust port. Multiple evenly distributed exhaust channels are opened at the lower corner of the outer shell. Two threaded sleeves with opposite helical directions are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner shell. A lead screw is threaded into each of the two threaded sleeves. One end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer shell via a ball bearing, and the other end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the bottom of the circular plate via a rolling bearing. The upper end of the circular plate is rotatably connected to a horizontal shaft via a bearing seat. Both ends of the horizontal shaft are fixedly connected to a first bevel gear. A second bevel gear meshes with one side of each of the two first bevel gears. The lower end of the second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the upper end of a lead screw. A first worm gear is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the horizontal shaft. A first worm is meshed with one side of the first worm gear. A first motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the circular plate. The output end of the first motor is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the first worm.

[0010] Preferably, the exhaust assembly includes two rotating shafts, and the exhaust pipe is provided with two exhaust sections. The two rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the two exhaust sections respectively through bearing seats. A fan blade is fixedly connected to one end of each rotating shaft. A second motor is fixedly connected to the wall of the exhaust pipe. A drive wheel is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor. A transmission belt is wound around the side wall of the drive wheel. Two driven wheels are wound inside the transmission belt. The two driven wheels are fixedly coaxially connected to one end of each of the two rotating shafts. Multiple air quality sensors are fixedly connected to the wall of the exhaust pipe.

[0011] Preferably, a central shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the housing and the outer shell. Two support arms are rotatably connected to the shaft wall of the central shaft via ball bearings. Each of the two support arms has a strip-shaped through hole on one side. A third motor is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the housing. A second worm is fixedly connected to the output end of the third motor. Two second worm wheels mesh on the shaft wall of the second worm. A main shaft is fixedly connected to the center of each of the two second worm wheels. The main shaft is rotatably connected between the outer shell and the outer shell via needle roller bearings. A transmission rod is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the main shaft. A pin is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission rod. The pin is sleeved in the strip-shaped through hole. Two baffles are provided on one side of the end cap, and both baffles cooperate with the side wall of the end cap. Two mounting holes are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the outer shell. One end of the support arm passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly connected to one end of the baffle. A first arc-shaped block is fixedly connected to one side of one of the baffles. The first arc-shaped block fits against the outer side of the outer shell. A second arc-shaped block is fixedly connected to one end of the other baffle. The second arc-shaped block fits against the inner side of the outer shell.

[0012] Preferably, the upper end of the baffle is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, the lower end of the end cap is provided with an annular groove, the arc-shaped protrusion is slidably connected in the annular groove, and the upper ends of the outer shell and the housing are fixedly connected with a ring.

[0013] Preferably, the air intake mechanism includes an internal gear ring, the sidewall of which is fixedly connected to the inner side of a retaining ring via a connecting rod. Multiple gear shafts are rotatably connected to the sidewall of the base via rolling bearings, and all gear shafts mesh with the internal gear ring. A reduction motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base, and the output end of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of one of the gear shafts. A limiting ring is fixedly connected inside the base, with its upper end contacting the lower end of the retaining ring. Multiple air intake holes are provided on the sidewall of the retaining ring, and multiple air intake channels are provided on the sidewall of the base.

[0014] Preferably, the upper end of the ring is provided with multiple slots, and each of the multiple slots is provided with a snap-fit ​​part. The snap-fit ​​part snaps a snap-fit ​​block, and the snap-fit ​​block is fixed to the inner side of the end cap. The lower end of the snap-fit ​​block is provided with a top plate, and the lower end of the top plate is fixedly connected with two pins. The side wall of the base is sleeved with the pins through a round hole. The side wall of the pin is sleeved with a spring. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the lower end of the top plate, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base.

[0015] Preferably, the anchor rod has a hollow structure, a first temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected to the tube wall of the anchor rod, the lower end of the anchor rod has a tapered structure, a limit ring is fixedly connected to the rod wall of the anchor rod, a plurality of first brackets are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base, and a second bracket is hinged to the upper end of each of the plurality of first brackets via a hinge shaft. A second temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected to one end of the second bracket, and a support block is fixedly connected to one end of the first bracket.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau areas, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. By adjusting the height of the inner shell through the adjustment mechanism, external air enters the monitoring space through the air inlet channel. The exhaust component in the exhaust pipe then expels the internal air, thus periodically removing moisture from the monitoring space and maintaining the temperature and humidity inside the monitoring space at the same level as outside. This is used to monitor the evaporation rate of surface soil moisture at different time periods. By adjusting the height of the inner shell again through the adjustment mechanism, external air enters through the first exhaust port and then exits through the exhaust pipe. The air quality sensor installed on the exhaust pipe can then periodically monitor the air quality under uniform airflow conditions. At this time, the gas in the monitoring space is not circulating, which does not affect the monitoring of temperature and humidity by the second temperature and humidity sensor. The temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the surface of the end cover and by extracting some gas from the monitoring space. By adjusting the temperature, the evaporation rate of moisture can also be monitored at the set temperature.

[0017] 2. The adjustment mechanism of this invention, when in use, starts the first motor to drive the first worm gear to rotate the first worm wheel. The rotation of the first worm wheel drives the horizontal shaft to rotate the first bevel gear. The rotation of the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to rotate the lead screw. When the lead screw rotates, it uses the thread to drive the internal thread sleeve to move the inner shell. The movement of the inner shell drives the exhaust pipe to move the exhaust assembly to the outside of the shell. At this time, when the exhaust assembly is working, it can drive the external air through the air inlet channel, the monitoring space, the circular opening, the exhaust channel and the second exhaust port into the inner shell, and then exhaust it through the exhaust pipe. In this way, the air and moisture in the monitoring space can be discharged. When the lead screw moves the inner shell to the top dead center, the bottom of the inner shell contacts the circular plate, making the second exhaust port unconductable. At this time, when the exhaust assembly is working, the external air directly enters the inner shell through the first exhaust port and finally exits from the exhaust pipe. In this way, the air quality in the natural environment can be directly tested. Moreover, the monitoring space is in a relatively sealed state during the test, which does not affect the operation of the second temperature and humidity sensor. At the same time, it can also help to increase the temperature in the monitoring space, which is convenient for testing the evaporation rate of soil moisture at different temperatures.

[0018] 3. The air intake mechanism of this invention, when in use, starts the reduction motor to drive the gear shaft to rotate the internal gear ring. The rotation of the internal gear ring drives the connecting rod to rotate the baffle ring inside the base. When the baffle ring rotates, different positions of the air intake hole are connected to the air intake channel, thus achieving different air intake speeds. When the baffle ring completely blocks the air intake channel, the air intake stops. When the second motor is working, the driving wheel drives the transmission belt to rotate the driven wheel. The rotation of the driven wheel drives the rotating shaft to rotate the fan blades. When the fan blades rotate, they can push the gas in the exhaust pipe to flow. Thus, the exhaust pipe can be used to draw gas from the inner pipe, thereby enabling the gas to be discharged in different directions in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This invention provides a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas. Figure 1 A sectional view of the structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle, end cap, and shell in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle and support arm in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the internal adjustment mechanism and exhaust assembly in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal adjustment mechanism and exhaust assembly in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal adjustment mechanism and exhaust assembly in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell, inner shell, circular plate, and adjustment mechanism in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shell, outer shell, second worm, second worm wheel and support arm in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas proposed in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the circular plate and adjustment mechanism in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation component structure in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the inner shell and exhaust pipe structure of a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas proposed in this invention. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell of a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the base and air intake mechanism in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake mechanism in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the second temperature and humidity sensor, the first support, and the second support structure in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus proposed in this invention. Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of multiple bases stacked in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention. Figure 20This is a schematic diagram of multiple end caps stacked in a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, as proposed in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. End cap; 3. Cover plate; 4. Baffle; 5. Air inlet channel; 6. Anchor bolt; 7. First temperature and humidity sensor; 8. Housing; 9. Locking block; 10. Locking slot; 11. Top plate; 12. Pin; 13. Spring; 14. First arc-shaped block; 15. Second arc-shaped block; 16. Ring; 17. Second temperature and humidity sensor; 18. Gear shaft; 19. Internal gear ring; 20. Retaining ring; 21. Air inlet; 22. Support arm; 23. Arc-shaped protrusion; 24. Annular groove; 25. Exhaust pipe; 26. Inner shell; 27. Outer shell; 28. Second worm gear; 29. ​​Second worm wheel; 30. 31. Circular opening; 32. Transmission rod; 33. Lead screw; 34. Guide post; 35. Circular plate; 36. First motor; 37. Second motor; 38. First exhaust port; 39. Exhaust channel; 40. Threaded sleeve; 41. Second exhaust port; 42. Shaft pin; 43. First bevel gear; 44. Second bevel gear; 45. Third motor; 46. First worm gear; 47. Transmission belt; 48. Driven wheel; 49. Driving wheel; 50. Air quality sensor; 51. Fan blade; 52. First bracket; 53. Second bracket; 54. Gear motor; 55. Support block; 56. Snap-fit ​​part. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Refer to Appendix Figure 1-20This invention provides a monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in high-altitude areas, comprising an electrical control unit, a base 1, an end cap 2, and multiple anchor rods 6. The anchor rods 6 are hollow, with a first temperature and humidity sensor 7 fixedly connected to the tube wall of each anchor rod 6. The lower end of each anchor rod 6 is tapered, and a limit ring is fixedly connected to the rod wall. Multiple first supports 52 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1. Each of the first supports 52 has a second support 53 hinged to its upper end via a hinge shaft. A second temperature and humidity sensor 17 is fixedly connected to one end of each second support 53, and a second temperature and humidity sensor 17 is fixedly connected to one end of each first support 52. A support block 55 is attached. The top of the end cover 2 is fixedly connected to a housing 8 through a round hole. Multiple round openings 30 are provided at the lower end of the housing 8. An outer shell 27 is provided inside the housing 8. An inner shell 26 is fitted inside the outer shell 27. An adjustment mechanism is installed between the outer shell 27 and the inner shell 26. The adjustment mechanism is used to change the distance between the inner shell 26 and the outer shell 27 to switch the air intake direction and realize the adjustment of the temperature and humidity inside the end cover 2. An exhaust pipe 25 is installed on one side of the inner shell 26. An exhaust assembly is installed inside the exhaust pipe 25. Multiple air quality sensors 50 are fixedly connected to the pipe wall of the exhaust pipe 25. A ring 16 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1. The ring 16 is sleeved with the lower end of the end cover 2. The upper end of the end cover 2 has an opening, and multiple positioning holes are circumferentially opened along the opening. Multiple anchor rods 6 are inserted into the multiple positioning holes respectively. A retaining ring 20 is sleeved inside the base 1. An air inlet mechanism is installed on the retaining ring 20. Multiple slots 10 are opened at the upper end of the ring 16. A locking part 56 is provided on one side of each slot 10. A locking block 9 is locked in the locking part 56. The locking block 9 is fixed to the inner side of the end cover 2. A top plate 11 is provided at the lower end of the locking block 9. Two pins 12 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the top plate 11. The side wall of the base 1 is sleeved with the pins 12 through a round hole. A spring 13 is sleeved on the side wall of the pin 12. One end of the spring 13 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the top plate 11, and the other end of the spring 13 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1.

[0023] The method for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus using the above-mentioned devices is as follows: First, select a relatively flat surface and place the base 1 of the monitoring device on it. Then, use an anchor rod 6 with a first temperature and humidity sensor 7 to fix the base 1 of the monitoring device. After the anchor rod 6 is inserted into the soil, the first temperature and humidity sensor 7, which is in contact with the soil, can monitor the temperature and humidity deep in the soil layer. The lower end of the base 1 of the monitoring device is inserted into the ground under the action of the anchor rod 6. At this time, there is no gap between the bottom of the base 1 and the ground, and it is in a relatively sealed state. Then, unfold the second temperature and humidity sensor 17 on the base 1 and suspend it above the base 1. Finally, cover the end cap 2 of the monitoring device, so that a monitoring space is formed between the end cap 2 and the base 1. The temperature and humidity in the monitoring space are monitored using the second temperature and humidity sensor 17 to test the evaporation rate of water in the surface soil. Moisture in the monitoring space is periodically discharged to keep the temperature and humidity in the monitoring space the same as the outside. This is used to monitor the evaporation rate of water in the surface soil at different time periods. The air quality sensor 50 installed on the end cover 2 is used to monitor the air quality at regular intervals under uniform airflow conditions. The temperature in the monitoring space is adjusted by blocking the surface of the end cover 2 and by extracting some of the gas in the monitoring space. By adjusting the temperature, the evaporation rate of water can also be monitored at the set temperature.

[0024] The electronic control unit (not shown in the figure) adopts existing technology and includes a temperature and humidity and air quality acquisition module (first temperature and humidity sensor 7, second temperature and humidity sensor 17 and air quality sensor 50), a signal transmission module, a signal conditioning module, a main control unit and a power supply module. The power supply module directly uses commercially available solar panels to collect energy, and the power supply uses a 6V, 2W solar panel to charge the lithium battery. The main control unit includes a microcontroller, a storage module, a GPRS remote transmission module, and a USB module. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the storage module, the GPRS remote transmission module, the USB module, and the analog switch module. It is used to control the analog switch module to convert the temperature signals of each parallel sensor into serial signals according to the pre-set temperature sensor order, store the digital information converted by the analog-to-digital converter chip into the storage module, and control the GPRS remote transmission module to send the digital information converted by the analog-to-digital converter chip, i.e., the temperature information of each temperature sensor, to the host computer. The USB module is used to manually download the temperature information of each temperature sensor from the storage module. The signal transmission module includes a modulation circuit, a carrier frequency circuit, and a demodulation circuit. The signal conditioning module includes an analog switch module, a conditioning circuit, and an analog-to-digital converter chip. These technologies are common in the prior art and are known to those skilled in the art, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0025] When using this invention, first select a relatively flat ground and place the base 1 of the monitoring device on the ground, and use the anchor rod 6 with the first temperature and humidity sensor 7 to fix the base 1 of the monitoring device. After fixing the base 1, connect each sensor component to the electronic control unit according to the wiring requirements. After the anchor rod 6 is inserted into the soil, the temperature and humidity deep in the soil layer can be monitored by the first temperature and humidity sensor 7 in contact with the soil. Secondly, after the lower end of the base 1 of the monitoring device is inserted into the ground under the action of the anchor rod 6, the bottom of the base 1 is seamless with the ground and is in a relatively sealed state. Then, the second temperature and humidity sensor 17 on the base 1 is unfolded and suspended above the base 1. Then, the end cover 2 of the monitoring device is covered to form a monitoring space between the end cover 2 and the base 1. The temperature and humidity in the monitoring space are monitored by the second temperature and humidity sensor 17 to test the evaporation rate of water in the surface soil. The height of the inner shell 26 is adjusted by adjusting the mechanism. At this time, the outside air enters the monitoring space through the air inlet channel 5. The air inside is discharged through the exhaust component in the exhaust pipe 25. In this way, the moisture in the monitoring space can be discharged in a timely manner, so that the temperature and humidity in the monitoring space are the same as those outside. This is used to monitor the evaporation rate of water in the surface soil at different time periods. The height of the inner shell 26 is raised again by the adjustment mechanism. At this time, the outside air enters through the first exhaust port 37 and is then discharged from the exhaust pipe 15. The air quality sensor 50 installed on the exhaust pipe 25 can be used to monitor the air quality at regular intervals under uniform airflow conditions. At this time, the gas in the monitoring space is not circulating, which does not affect the second temperature and humidity sensor 17 from monitoring the temperature and humidity in the monitoring space. The temperature is adjusted by adjusting the surface of the end cover 2 and by extracting some of the gas in the monitoring space. The evaporation rate of moisture can also be monitored at the set temperature by adjusting the temperature.

[0026] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that; See attached document Figure 3-15 The adjustment mechanism includes a circular plate 34, with two guide posts 33 fixedly connected to the lower end of the circular plate 34. Sliding sleeves are fitted onto the side walls of the two guide posts 33. A cover plate 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner shell 26. A first exhaust port 37 is opened on one side of the inner shell 26, and a second exhaust port 40 is opened at the bottom of the inner shell 26. The sliding sleeve is fixed at the second exhaust port 40. Multiple evenly distributed exhaust channels 38 are opened at the lower corner of the outer shell 27. Two threaded sleeves 39 with opposite spiral directions are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner shell 26. A lead screw 32 is threaded into each of the two threaded sleeves 39. One end of the lead screw 32 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer shell 27 through a ball bearing, and the other end of the lead screw 32 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the circular plate 34 through a rolling bearing. The upper end of the circular plate 34 is rotatably connected to a horizontal shaft via a bearing seat. Both ends of the horizontal shaft are fixedly connected to a first bevel gear 42. A second bevel gear 43 meshes with one side of each of the two first bevel gears 42. The lower end of the second bevel gear 43 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lead screw 32. A first worm gear 46 is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the horizontal shaft. A first worm 45 meshes with one side of the first worm gear 46. A first motor 35 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the circular plate 34. The output end of the first motor 35 is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the first worm 45. A central shaft is fixedly connected at the center of housing 8 and outer shell 27. Two support arms 22 are rotatably connected to the shaft wall of the central shaft via ball bearings. Each support arm 22 has a slotted through hole on one side. A third motor 44 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of housing 8. A second worm 28 is fixedly connected to the output end of the third motor 44. Two second worm wheels 29 mesh on the rod wall of the second worm 28. A main shaft is fixedly connected at the center of each of the two second worm wheels 29. The main shaft is rotatably connected between outer shell 27 and housing 8 via needle roller bearings. A transmission rod 31 is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the main shaft. A pin 41 is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission rod 31. The pin 41 is sleeved in the slotted through hole. End cap 2 Two baffles 4 are provided on one side of the housing 27, and both baffles 4 are matched with the side wall of the end cap 2. Two mounting holes are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the housing 27. One end of the support arm 22 passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly connected to one end of the baffle 4. A first arc-shaped block 14 is fixedly connected to one side of one of the baffles 4, and the first arc-shaped block 14 fits against the outer side of the housing 27. A second arc-shaped block 15 is fixedly connected to one end of the other baffle 4, and the second arc-shaped block 15 fits against the inner side of the housing 27. An arc-shaped protrusion 23 is provided at the upper end of the baffle 4. An annular groove 24 is opened at the lower end of the end cap 2. The arc-shaped protrusion 23 is slidably connected in the annular groove 24. A ring 16 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the housing 27 and the housing 8.

[0027] The adjustment mechanism provided in this invention, when in use, starts the first motor 35 to drive the first worm gear 45, causing the first worm wheel 46 to rotate. The rotation of the first worm wheel 46 drives the horizontal shaft to rotate the first bevel gear 42. The rotation of the first bevel gear 42 drives the second bevel gear 43 to rotate the lead screw 32. When the lead screw 32 rotates, it uses the thread to drive the internal thread sleeve 39 to move the inner shell 26. The movement of the inner shell 26 drives the exhaust pipe 25 to move the exhaust assembly to the outside of the housing 8 (e.g., Figure 7 As shown), when the exhaust assembly is working, it can drive the external air through the air inlet channel 5, the monitoring space, the round opening 30, the exhaust channel 38 and the second exhaust port 40 into the inner shell 26, and then discharge it through the exhaust pipe 25, thus realizing the discharge of air and moisture in the monitoring space.

[0028] When the lead screw 32 moves the inner housing 26 to the top dead center (e.g.) Figure 8As shown), the bottom of the inner shell 26 contacts the circular plate 34, making the second exhaust port 40 non-conductive. At this time, when the exhaust assembly is working, the external gas directly enters the inner shell 26 through the first exhaust port 37 and is finally discharged from the exhaust pipe 25. In this way, the air quality in the natural environment can be directly tested, and the monitoring space is in a relatively sealed state during the test, which does not affect the operation of the second temperature and humidity sensor 17. The end cap 2 is made of a hemispherical light-transmitting material, and its lower end is a cylindrical structure, which facilitates its connection with the ring 16. The baffle 4 on its side wall is made of an opaque material with a one-eighth spherical structure. In actual use, half of the side wall of the end cap 2 can be coated with light-shielding or reflective material, so that only the part of the side wall blocked by the baffle 4 is light-transmitting. Therefore, when the baffle 4 is closed into a quarter spherical structure, the end cap 22 is opaque. At this time, the temperature rise range in the monitoring space is small when exposed to sunlight, which can reduce the difficulty of temperature control. When it is necessary to increase the temperature, the third motor 44 is turned on to drive the second worm 28 to rotate the two second worm wheels 29. When the second worm wheels 29 rotate, they drive the transmission rod 31 to drive the shaft pin 41 to swing the support arm 22. When the support arm 22 swings, it drives the baffle 4 to move on the surface of the end cap 2. At this time, a certain gap is formed between the two baffles 4 so that the surface of the end cap 2 can be exposed to sunlight. This can help increase the temperature in the monitoring space, which is convenient for testing the evaporation rate of soil moisture at different temperatures.

[0029] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that; See attached document Figure 12 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 The air intake mechanism includes an internal gear ring 19. The side wall of the internal gear ring 19 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the retaining ring 20 via a connecting rod. The side wall of the base 1 is rotatably connected to multiple gear shafts 18 via rolling bearings. All multiple gear shafts 18 mesh with the internal gear ring 19. A reduction motor 54 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base 1. The output end of the reduction motor 54 is fixedly connected to the upper end of one of the gear shafts 18. A limit ring is fixedly connected inside the base 1. The upper end of the limit ring contacts the lower end of the retaining ring 20. Multiple air intake holes 21 are opened on the side wall of the retaining ring 20. Multiple air intake channels 5 are opened on the side wall of the base 1. The exhaust assembly includes two rotating shafts, and the exhaust pipe 25 is provided with two exhaust sections. The two rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the two exhaust sections through bearing seats. A fan blade 51 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. A second motor 36 is fixedly connected to the pipe wall of the exhaust pipe 25. A drive wheel 49 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 36. A transmission belt 47 is wound around the side wall of the drive wheel 49. Two driven wheels 48 are wound inside the transmission belt 47. The two driven wheels 48 are fixedly connected to one end of the two rotating shafts coaxially.

[0030] The air intake mechanism of this invention, when in use, starts the reduction motor 54 to drive the gear shaft 18 to rotate the internal gear ring 19. The rotation of the internal gear ring 16 drives the connecting rod to rotate the baffle ring 20 within the base 1. When the baffle ring 20 rotates, different positions of the air intake hole 21 are connected to the air intake channel 5, thus achieving different air intake speeds. When the baffle ring 20 completely blocks the air intake channel 5, the air intake stops. When the second motor 36 is working, the driving wheel 49 drives the transmission belt 47 to rotate the driven wheel 48. The rotation of the driven wheel 48 drives the rotating shaft to rotate the fan blade 51. When the fan blade 51 rotates, it can push the gas in the exhaust pipe 25 to flow. Thus, the exhaust pipe 25 can be used to draw gas from the inner pipe, thereby enabling the discharge of gas in different directions in conjunction with the adjustment mechanism.

[0031] It should be noted that the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in plateau regions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select a flat ground and place the base (1) of the monitoring device on the ground. Use an anchor rod (6) with a first temperature and humidity sensor (7) to fix the base (1) of the monitoring device. Use the first temperature and humidity sensor (7) to monitor the temperature and humidity deep in the soil. Step 2: Insert the lower end of the base (1) of the monitoring device into the ground and unfold the second temperature and humidity sensor (17) on the base (1). Then cover the end cap (2) of the monitoring device to form a monitoring space between the end cap (2) and the base (1). Use the second temperature and humidity sensor (17) to monitor the temperature and humidity in the monitoring space and test the evaporation rate of water in the surface soil. Step 3: Periodically remove moisture from the monitoring space to maintain the same temperature and humidity as the outside environment, which is used to monitor the evaporation rate of surface soil moisture at different time periods. Step 4: Use the air quality sensor (50) installed on the end cap (2) to monitor the air quality at regular intervals under uniform airflow conditions.

2. The method for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature in the monitoring space is adjusted by the surface of the shielding end cap (2) and by extracting some of the gas in the monitoring space. The evaporation rate of water can also be monitored at a set temperature by adjusting the temperature.

3. An apparatus for monitoring the effectiveness of plateau soil and water conservation measures as described in any one of claims 1-2, comprising an electrical control unit, a base (1), an end cap (2), and multiple anchor rods (6), characterized in that: The top of the end cap (2) is fixedly connected to a housing (8) through a round hole. The lower end of the housing (8) is provided with multiple round openings (30). The housing (8) is provided with an outer shell (27). An inner shell (26) is fitted inside the outer shell (27). An adjustment mechanism is installed between the outer shell (27) and the inner shell (26). The adjustment mechanism is used to change the distance between the inner shell (26) and the outer shell (27) to switch the air intake direction and adjust the temperature and humidity inside the end cover (2). An exhaust pipe (25) is installed on one side of the inner shell (26), and an exhaust assembly is installed inside the exhaust pipe (25). A ring (16) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base (1). The ring (16) is sleeved with the lower end of the end cap (2). An opening is provided at the upper end of the end cap (2). Multiple positioning holes are provided circumferentially along the opening. Multiple anchor rods (6) are inserted into the multiple positioning holes respectively. A retaining ring (20) is sleeved inside the base (1). An air intake mechanism is installed on the retaining ring (20).

4. The monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a circular plate (34), with two guide columns (33) fixedly connected to the lower end of the circular plate (34). Sliding sleeves are fitted on the side walls of the two guide columns (33). A cover plate (3) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner shell (26). A first exhaust port (37) is opened on one side of the inner shell (26). A second exhaust port (40) is opened at the bottom of the inner shell (26). The sliding sleeve is fixed at the second exhaust port (40). Multiple evenly distributed exhaust channels (38) are opened at the lower corner of the outer shell (27). Two threaded sleeves (39) with opposite spiral directions are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner shell (26). A lead screw (32) is threaded into each of the two threaded sleeves (39). One end of the lead screw (32) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer shell (27) through a ball bearing. The other end of the lead screw (32) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the circular plate (34) through a rolling bearing. The upper end of the circular plate (34) is rotatably connected to a horizontal shaft via a bearing seat. Both ends of the horizontal shaft are fixedly connected to a first bevel gear (42). A second bevel gear (43) meshes with one side of each of the two first bevel gears (42). The lower end of the second bevel gear (43) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lead screw (32). A first worm gear (46) is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the horizontal shaft. A first worm (45) meshes with one side of the first worm gear (46). A first motor (35) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the circular plate (34). The output end of the first motor (35) is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the first worm (45).

5. A monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The exhaust assembly includes two rotating shafts. The exhaust pipe (25) is provided with two exhaust sections. The two rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the two exhaust sections through bearing seats. A fan blade (51) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. A second motor (36) is fixedly connected to the wall of the exhaust pipe (25). A drive wheel (49) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (36). A transmission belt (47) is wound around the side wall of the drive wheel (49). Two driven wheels (48) are wound inside the transmission belt (47). The two driven wheels (48) are fixedly connected to one end of the two rotating shafts coaxially. Multiple air quality sensors (50) are fixedly connected to the wall of the exhaust pipe (25).

6. A monitoring device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 3, characterized in that: A central shaft is fixedly connected at the center of the housing (8) and the outer shell (27). Two support arms (22) are rotatably connected to the shaft wall of the central shaft via ball bearings. A strip-shaped through hole is opened on one side of each of the two support arms (22). A third motor (44) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the housing (8). A second worm (28) is fixedly connected to the output end of the third motor (44). Two second worm wheels (29) mesh on the rod wall of the second worm (28). A main shaft is fixedly connected at the center of each of the two second worm wheels (29). The main shaft is rotatably connected between the outer shell (27) and the housing (8) via needle roller bearings. A transmission rod (31) is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the main shaft. A shaft pin (41) is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission rod (31). The shaft pin (41) is sleeved in the strip-shaped through hole. Two baffles (4) are provided on one side of the end cap (2). Both baffles (4) are in contact with the side wall of the end cap (2). Two mounting holes are symmetrically opened on the side wall of the outer shell (27). One end of the support arm (22) passes through the mounting hole and is fixedly connected to one end of the baffle (4). A first arc-shaped block (14) is fixedly connected to one side of one of the baffles (4). The first arc-shaped block (14) fits against the outer side of the outer shell (27). A second arc-shaped block (15) is fixedly connected to one end of the other baffle (4). The second arc-shaped block (15) fits against the inner side of the outer shell (27).

7. The monitoring method and device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper end of the baffle (4) is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion (23), and the lower end of the end cap (2) is provided with an annular groove (24). The arc-shaped protrusion (23) is slidably connected in the annular groove (24), and the upper ends of the outer shell (27) and the housing (8) are fixedly connected with a ring (16).

8. The monitoring method and device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake mechanism includes an internal gear ring (19), the side wall of which is fixedly connected to the inner side of the retaining ring (20) via a connecting rod. The side wall of the base (1) is rotatably connected to multiple gear shafts (18) via rolling bearings. All of the gear shafts (18) mesh with the internal gear ring (19). The upper end of the base (1) is fixedly connected to a reduction motor (54), the output end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of one of the gear shafts (18). A limit ring is fixedly connected inside the base (1), the upper end of which contacts the lower end of the retaining ring (20). The side wall of the retaining ring (20) is provided with multiple air intake holes (21), and the side wall of the base (1) is provided with multiple air intake channels (5).

9. The monitoring method and device for the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the ring (16) is provided with multiple slots (10), and each of the multiple slots (10) is provided with a snap-fit ​​part (56). The snap-fit ​​part (56) snaps into a snap-fit ​​block (9). The snap-fit ​​block (9) is fixed to the inside of the end cover (2). The lower end of the snap-fit ​​block (9) is provided with a top plate (11). The lower end of the top plate (11) is fixedly connected with two pins (12). The side wall of the base (1) is sleeved with the pins (12) through a round hole. The side wall of the pins (12) is sleeved with a spring (13). One end of the spring (13) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the top plate (11), and the other end of the spring (13) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the base (1).

10. A method and apparatus for monitoring the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures on plateaus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod (6) is a hollow structure. A first temperature and humidity sensor (7) is fixedly connected to the tube wall of the anchor rod (6). The lower end of the anchor rod (6) is a tapered structure. A limit ring is fixedly connected to the rod wall of the anchor rod (6). A plurality of first supports (52) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base (1). A second support (53) is hinged to the upper end of each of the plurality of first supports (52) through a hinge shaft. A second temperature and humidity sensor (17) is fixedly connected to one end of the second support (53). A support block (55) is fixedly connected to one end of the first support (52).

Images