Rice-wheat intercropping precision cultivation method and system
By using the rice-wheat intercropping precision cultivation method, soil structure was improved, fixed ridges and furrows were established, and water and fertilizer management was optimized. This solved the problems of difficult wheat sowing and insufficient rice growth in heavy clay soils, and achieved high and stable yields in the rice-wheat stubble area in the south.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHWEST A & F UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
Smart Images
Figure CN122349934A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of modern agricultural cultivation technology, and in particular to a method and system for precise rice-wheat intercropping. Background Technology
[0002] The southern rice-wheat stubble area is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Southwest China, and South China. The paddy soils in these areas exhibit distinct characteristics of being heavy, sticky, and soft. Soil physical properties data show that the clay content is generally 30-45%, and the soil bulk density is 1.35-1.50 g / cm³. 3 The total porosity is 45-50%, but the aeration porosity is only 8-12%. After rice harvest, the soil moisture content usually remains at 35-40%, forming a typical deep muddy field environment.
[0003] Under these soil conditions, traditional wheat sowing faces three major technical challenges: First, excessively wet soil prevents machinery from entering the field in a timely manner, making it difficult to determine the optimal sowing window; second, even if sowing is forced, seeds fail to germinate properly due to lack of oxygen, resulting in an emergence rate of only 60-65%; third, severe waterlogging damage occurs during the seedling stage, hindering root development and significantly reducing effective tillering. These problems directly lead to yield losses of 20-30%.
[0004] Existing solutions have obvious limitations: simply delaying the sowing period will result in insufficient growing season and increase the risk of premature ripening due to high temperatures later in the season; using large machinery for forced operation will over-compact the soil and damage its structure; and inadequate drainage measures will limit the effectiveness of preventing waterlogging.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive technical solution that can fundamentally improve soil physical properties, optimize water management, and adapt to operations in heavy clay soils. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precise cultivation method and system for rice-wheat intercropping to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation, comprising: S1. Improve the soil structure of rice stubble fields. The improvement operation should be carried out within two days after the rice harvest. S2. Ridging operation: Establish a fixed ridge and furrow structure according to fixed geometric parameters; the geometric parameters of the fixed ridge and furrow structure are: ridge bottom width 45cm±2cm, ridge top width 45cm±2cm, furrow bottom width 25cm±2cm, and ridge height 20cm~25cm. S3. Wheat sowing: Sow wheat using a shallow and uniform sowing method, and provide light irrigation after sowing until the wheat seedlings emerge. S4. The timing of direct seeding and intercropping rice at the bottom of the ditch was determined based on the accumulated temperature model, which showed that the intercropping time was 22-25 days after wheat flowering. S5. Gradual water and fertilizer synergistic management, adjusting management strategies in real time according to the growth process of wheat and rice.
[0008] Preferably, the soil structure improvement in rice stubble fields in step S1 specifically includes: Testing the basic physicochemical properties of rice stubble soil: determining the pH value, organic matter content, and mechanical composition of rice stubble soil; To adjust the soil pH in rice stubble fields, apply 100-150 kg / mu of lime powder to adjust the soil pH to 6.2-6.8. To increase the organic matter content of rice stubble soil, apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer, which will increase the soil organic matter content by 0.3-0.5 percentage points. After evenly spreading the fertilizer, immediately plow the soil to a depth of 25-28 cm.
[0009] Preferably, the specific parameters for wheat sowing in step S3 are as follows: Seed distribution: Seeds are evenly distributed on the top of the ridge; The sowing depth is 2.0cm ± 0.5cm; The basic number of seedlings is 200,000-250,000 per mu; The coefficient of variation for sowing uniformity is ≤15%; After sowing, the top of the ridges is supplemented with water through sprinkler and micro-irrigation facilities. Each time, 5 cubic meters of water per acre is added, and the water is added about once every 3 days to keep the surface of the soil on the ridges moist. Preferably, the accumulated temperature parameters of the accumulated temperature model in step S4 are as follows: The effective accumulated temperature required for wheat throughout its entire growth period is The starting temperature is 0℃; The effective accumulated temperature required for the entire growth period of rice is The starting temperature is 10℃; When intercropping, the wheat had already completed the effective accumulated temperature. ; Controlling the effective accumulated temperature consumption during the rice-wheat symbiosis period Within the range.
[0010] Preferably, the management strategy in step S5 includes: Rice-wheat co-cultivation period: Immediately after rice sowing, irrigate the soil and drain it promptly. The soil moisture content at the bottom of the furrow should be around 30%, and the soil moisture content at the top of the ridge should be 25-28%. Within 3 days after wheat harvest: Keep the furrows 1-2cm deep with water. During the rice tillering stage: Maintain a water depth of 1-2 cm and apply tillering fertilizer (4-5 kg / mu of pure nitrogen); During the rice booting stage: Maintain a water depth of 3-5cm and apply topdressing fertilizer (3-4kg / mu of pure nitrogen); During the rice grain-filling stage: irrigate the ditches once every 7 days; Stop irrigating 7 days before harvest.
[0011] A precision cultivation system for rice-wheat intercropping includes: Fixed furrow structure units are used to construct furrows according to fixed geometric parameters; The soil structure improvement unit adjusts the pH value of rice stubble soil and increases the organic matter content of rice stubble soil by applying lime powder; A rice-wheat intercropping timing control unit determines the intercropping time based on an accumulated temperature model. Specialized machinery for intercropping at the bottom of trenches, equipped with anti-adhesion function, suitable for working conditions with soil moisture content of 30-35%; The intelligent water level management unit enables precise control of field drainage and irrigation through a network of water level sensors.
[0012] Preferably, the special equipment for intercropping at the bottom of the trench includes: The trenching component is equipped with an anti-adhesion trencher, and its surface roughness Ra value is less than or equal to 0.8μm and friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.15; The walking mechanism adopts a tracked design, with a ground pressure range of 22-25 kPa. The hydraulic system has a working pressure range of 16-20MPa and a flow rate of 60-80L / min.
[0013] Preferably, the trenching depth control accuracy of the special intercropping machine is ±0.5cm, and the seedling placement positioning accuracy is ±1cm.
[0014] Preferably, the intelligent water layer management unit includes: The water level monitoring agency has a measurement accuracy of ±0.3cm and a sampling frequency of once per minute; The automatic drainage control mechanism has a response time of less than 2 minutes. A soil moisture content monitoring network was established, with monitoring depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The intelligent decision-making model optimizes management based on soil moisture characteristic curves and crop water requirement patterns.
[0015] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned method and system for precise rice-wheat intercropping, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Through the coordinated design of “soil structure improvement” and “fixed furrow structure”, the physical properties of heavy clay soil were systematically improved; the furrow structure created drainage channels, which could quickly drain surface water and excess water in the topsoil, so that the soil moisture in the ridge area could quickly reach the suitable sowing range (moisture content 25-28%), effectively solving the core contradiction that agricultural machinery could not go into the field and missed the best sowing period due to excessive soil moisture; (2) Optimized ridge structure (bulk density 1.30-1.35 g / cm³) 3 With a porosity of 15-18%, the raised ridges provide a well-balanced root zone environment for seed germination and seedling growth, ensuring adequate water, air, and heat. On the one hand, the raised ridges prevent waterlogging and improve wheat emergence rate and uniformity. On the other hand, the alternating furrows and ridges enhance field ventilation and light penetration, reduce disease occurrence, and promote root development and effective tillering. (3) Based on the accumulated temperature model, the intercropping time control scientifically determined the intercropping window of 22-25 days after wheat flowering; without affecting the normal grain filling and ripening of wheat, the growth cycle of rice was started in advance, so that rice could make full use of the light and temperature resources after wheat harvest, effectively extending its growth period, solving the risk of insufficient growth period of rice or premature ripening due to high temperature in traditional cropping, and realizing the optimization of light and heat distribution of two crops. (4) By adopting the "gradual water and fertilizer co-management" strategy, the water depth and fertilization plan are dynamically adjusted according to the water and fertilizer requirements during the rice-wheat co-existence period, after wheat harvest and during each growth stage of rice. This achieves precise temporal and spatial matching of water and nutrient supply, improves resource utilization efficiency, and lays a management foundation for a bumper harvest of rice and wheat.
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation method according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an architectural diagram of an embodiment of a rice-wheat intercropping precision cultivation system according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0019] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0020] Example Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation, comprising: S1. Improve the soil structure of rice stubble fields. This improvement should be carried out within two days after rice harvest, when the soil moisture content in the rice stubble fields is 30-35%. Specific improvements to the soil structure of rice stubble fields include: Testing the basic physicochemical properties of rice stubble soil: determining the pH value, organic matter content, and mechanical composition of rice stubble soil; To adjust the soil pH in rice stubble fields, apply 100-150 kg / mu of lime powder to adjust the soil pH to 6.2-6.8. To increase the organic matter content of rice stubble soil, apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer, which will increase the soil organic matter content by 0.3-0.5 percentage points. After spreading evenly, immediately plow the soil to a depth of 25-28 cm. Promotes soil aggregate structure in paddy stubble fields, ensuring that the content of water-stable aggregates >0.25mm reaches 25-30%; Optimize the soil porosity in rice stubble fields to achieve a total porosity of 48-52% and an aeration porosity of 15-18%.
[0021] S2. Ridging operation: Establish a fixed ridge and furrow structure according to fixed geometric parameters. The geometric parameters of the fixed ridge and furrow structure are: ridge bottom width 45cm±2cm, ridge top width 45cm±2cm, furrow bottom width 25cm±2cm, and ridge height 20cm~25cm.
[0022] Fixed furrow structures improve soil physical properties through the following parameters: The soil bulk density of the raised bed should be controlled at 1.30-1.35 g / cm³. 3 scope; The soil moisture content in the top of the ridge was maintained at 25-28%. The soil composition of the topsoil layer is 50-55% solid phase, 25-30% liquid phase, and 15-20% gas phase. The drainage rate can reduce the field water level by 3-4 cm per hour.
[0023] S3. Wheat sowing: Sow wheat using a shallow and uniform sowing method. After sowing, provide light irrigation until the wheat seedlings emerge.
[0024] The specific parameters for wheat sowing are as follows: Seed distribution: Seeds are evenly distributed on the top of the ridge; The sowing depth is 2.0cm ± 0.5cm; The basic number of seedlings is 200,000-250,000 per mu; The coefficient of variation for sowing uniformity is ≤15%.
[0025] After sowing, the top of the ridges is supplemented with water through sprinkler and micro-irrigation facilities. Each time, 5 cubic meters of water per acre is added, and the water is added about once every 3 days to keep the surface of the soil on the ridges moist until the wheat seedlings emerge.
[0026] S4. The timing of intercropping at the bottom of the furrow was determined based on the accumulated temperature model, which suggests intercropping 22-25 days after wheat flowering. The accumulated temperature parameters of the model are as follows: The effective accumulated temperature required for wheat throughout its entire growth period is The starting temperature is 0℃; The effective accumulated temperature required for the entire growth period of rice is The starting temperature is 10℃; When intercropping, the wheat had already completed the effective accumulated temperature. ; Controlling the effective accumulated temperature consumption during the rice-wheat symbiosis period Within the range.
[0027] S5. Gradual water and fertilizer management, adjusting management strategies in real time according to the growth stages of wheat and rice. Management strategies include: Rice-wheat co-cultivation period: Immediately after rice sowing, irrigate the soil and drain it promptly. The soil moisture content at the bottom of the furrow should be around 30%, and the soil moisture content at the top of the ridge should be 25-28%. Within 3 days after wheat harvest: Keep the furrows 1-2cm deep with water. During the rice tillering stage: Maintain a water depth of 1-2 cm and apply tillering fertilizer (4-5 kg / mu of pure nitrogen); During the rice booting stage: Maintain a water depth of 3-5cm and apply topdressing fertilizer (3-4kg / mu of pure nitrogen); During the rice grain-filling stage: irrigate the ditches once every 7 days; Stop irrigating 7 days before harvest.
[0028] like Figure 2It also provides a rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation system, including: Fixed furrow structure units are used to construct furrows according to fixed geometric parameters.
[0029] The soil structure improvement unit adjusts the pH value of rice stubble soil and increases the organic matter content of rice stubble soil by applying lime powder.
[0030] The rice-wheat intercropping timing control unit determines the intercropping time based on the accumulated temperature model.
[0031] This is a specialized intercropping machine for trenches, equipped with anti-adhesion features and suitable for soil moisture content of 30-35%. The trenching depth control accuracy is ±0.5cm, and the seedling placement accuracy is ±1cm. The specialized intercropping machine for trenches includes: The trenching component is equipped with an anti-adhesion trencher, and its surface roughness Ra value is less than or equal to 0.8μm and friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.15; The walking mechanism adopts a tracked design, with a ground pressure range of 22-25 kPa. The hydraulic system has a working pressure range of 16-20MPa and a flow rate of 60-80L / min.
[0032] The intelligent water level management unit achieves precise control of field drainage and irrigation through a network of water level sensors. It includes: The water level monitoring agency has a measurement accuracy of ±0.3cm and a sampling frequency of once per minute; The automatic drainage control mechanism has a response time of less than 2 minutes. A soil moisture content monitoring network was established, with monitoring depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The intelligent decision-making model optimizes management based on soil moisture characteristic curves and crop water requirement patterns.
[0033] Example 1 Soil structure improvement and ridging were carried out in the heavy clay paddy soil (grandiose paddy soil) area of the Jianghan Plain. The initial mechanical composition of the soil in this area was 38% clay, 45% silt, and 17% sand, with an initial pH of 5.8 and an organic matter content of 2.2%. During the improvement process, 120 kg / mu of lime powder was applied based on the target pH of 6.5, and immediately after being evenly spread and tilled. At the same time, 1800 kg / mu of fully decomposed cow manure with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 was used. The operation was carried out when the soil moisture content was 32%, and the deep plowing depth was 28 cm. Monitoring results after improvement showed that the soil pH reached 6.4 (target range 6.2-6.8), the soil bulk density decreased to 1.33 g / cm³ (target range 1.30-1.35 g / cm³), and the aeration porosity increased to 16.5% (target range 15-18%).
[0034] Precision sowing of wheat was implemented on the improved ridge-furrow structure. Sowing was carried out on November 12th, at which time the soil moisture content was 28%. Shallow and uniform sowing techniques were used to evenly sow seeds on the ridge tops at a depth of 2.8 cm. Immediately after sowing, micro-sprinklers were used to supplement the ridge tops with 5 cubic meters of water per acre. Three days later, another 5 cubic meters of water was applied to keep the surface soil moist until wheat emergence. Emergence results showed that seedlings emerged 6 days after sowing, with a uniformity of 87%. Seedling height and leaf age were consistent, and primary roots were well-developed with early secondary root formation.
[0035] Regarding quality control of intercropping operations at the bottom of furrows, the timing of intercropping is determined based on phenological stages and accumulated temperature: 23 days after wheat flowering (mid-grain filling stage), when the effective accumulated temperature has reached a certain level. The planting is carried out under suitable conditions, with the soil moisture content at the bottom of the furrow at 32%. The intercropping speed is 0.8 meters per second. First, the seed fertilizer is spread and shallow rotary tillage is carried out at the bottom of the furrow, with a tillage depth of 10 cm. Germinated seeds are used for sowing, with two rows sown in each furrow, with a row spacing of about 23 cm and a sowing depth of 1.5-2 cm. The work efficiency is 0.55 hectares per hour.
[0036] The intelligent water layer management system's monitoring configuration includes: a water level sensor with an accuracy of ±0.3 cm deployed at the bottom of the furrow, and soil moisture sensors deployed in two layers at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the middle of the ridge top. Data is collected every 10 minutes via LoRa wireless communication. Post-system evaluation shows that the water level control accuracy reaches ±0.5 cm, the soil moisture content at the ridge top is stably controlled at 26-28%, the furrow bottom can be adjusted as needed, the drainage response time is less than 30 minutes, and the system operates continuously, stably, and without failure.
[0037] Continuous trials conducted at three ecological sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2019 to 2024 verified the comprehensive effects of this embodiment. Regarding soil improvement, aeration porosity increased from 9.8% to 16.7% (an increase of 70%), soil bulk density decreased from 1.43 g / cm³ to 1.32 g / cm³ (a decrease of 7.7%), and drainage efficiency increased from 2.1 cm / hour to 3.6 cm / hour (an increase of 71%). Crop growth response was significant: wheat emergence rate increased from 63% to 87% (an increase of 38%), root depth increased from 28 cm to 38 cm (an increase of 36%), and the number of effective tillers increased from 2.8 per plant to 3.6 (an increase of 29%). In terms of yield and efficiency, wheat yield increased from 512 kg per mu to 662 kg per mu (an increase of 29%), rice yield increased from 785 kg per mu to 857 kg per mu (an increase of 9%), and total annual yield increased from 1297 kg per mu to 1519 kg per mu (an increase of 17%).
[0038] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation method and system. Through the system integration of soil improvement, structure optimization, equipment matching, time sequence control and intelligent management, a set of replicable and scalable rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation technology system has been formed, which effectively overcomes the main limiting factors of high and stable yield in the rice-wheat stubble area in the south and has significant potential for increasing yield and efficiency.
[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A precise cultivation method for rice-wheat intercropping, characterized in that, include: S1. Improve the soil structure of rice stubble fields. The improvement operation should be carried out within two days after the rice harvest. S2. Ridging operation: Establish a fixed ridge and furrow structure according to fixed geometric parameters; the geometric parameters of the fixed ridge and furrow structure are: ridge bottom width 45cm±2cm, ridge top width 45cm±2cm, furrow bottom width 25cm±2cm, and ridge height 20cm~25cm. S3. Wheat sowing: Sow wheat using a shallow and uniform sowing method, and provide light irrigation after sowing until the wheat seedlings emerge. S4. The timing of direct seeding and intercropping rice at the bottom of the ditch was determined based on the accumulated temperature model, which showed that the intercropping time was 22-25 days after wheat flowering. S5. Gradual water and fertilizer synergistic management, adjusting management strategies in real time according to the growth process of wheat and rice.
2. The method for precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1, the improvement of soil structure in paddy stubble fields, specifically includes: The basic physicochemical properties of rice stubble soil were tested, and the pH value, organic matter content, and mechanical composition of rice stubble soil were determined. To adjust the soil pH in rice stubble fields, apply 100-150 kg / mu of lime powder to adjust the soil pH to 6.2-6.
8. To increase the organic matter content of rice stubble soil, apply 1500-2000 kg / mu of well-rotted organic fertilizer, spread it evenly, and then immediately plow it to a depth of 25-28 cm.
3. The method for precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific parameters for wheat sowing in step S3 are as follows: Seed distribution: Seeds are evenly distributed on the top of the ridge; The sowing depth is 2.0cm ± 0.5cm; The basic number of seedlings is 200,000-250,000 per mu; The coefficient of variation for sowing uniformity is ≤15%; After sowing, the top of the ridges is supplemented with water through sprinkler and micro-irrigation facilities, with 5 cubic meters of water per acre each time, and the water is supplemented every 3 days.
4. The method for precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The accumulated temperature parameters of the accumulated temperature model in step S4 are as follows: The effective accumulated temperature required for wheat throughout its entire growth period is The starting temperature is 0℃; The effective accumulated temperature required for the entire growth period of rice is The starting temperature is 10℃; When intercropping, the wheat had already completed the effective accumulated temperature. ; Controlling the effective accumulated temperature consumption during the rice-wheat symbiosis period Within the range.
5. The method for precise rice-wheat intercropping cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The management strategies in step S5 include: Rice-wheat co-cultivation period: Immediately after rice sowing, irrigate the soil and drain it promptly. The soil moisture content at the bottom of the furrow should be 30%, and the soil moisture content at the top of the ridge should be 25-28%. Within 3 days after wheat harvest: Keep the furrows 1-2cm deep with water. During the rice tillering stage: Maintain a water depth of 1-2 cm and apply tillering fertilizer. During the rice booting stage: maintain a water depth of 3-5cm and apply topdressing fertilizer. During the rice grain-filling stage: irrigate the ditches every 7 days; Stop irrigating 7 days before harvest.
6. A rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation system, employing the rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Specialized machinery for intercropping at the bottom of trenches, equipped with anti-adhesion function, suitable for working conditions with soil moisture content of 30-35%; Fixed furrow structure units are used to construct furrows according to fixed geometric parameters; The soil structure improvement unit adjusts the pH value of rice stubble soil and increases the organic matter content of rice stubble soil by applying lime powder; A rice-wheat intercropping timing control unit determines the intercropping time based on an accumulated temperature model. The intelligent water level management unit enables precise control of field drainage and irrigation through a network of water level sensors.
7. The rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Specialized equipment for intercropping in trenches includes: The trenching component is equipped with an anti-adhesion trencher, and its surface roughness Ra value is less than or equal to 0.8μm and friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.15; The walking mechanism adopts a tracked design, with a ground pressure range of 22-25 kPa. The hydraulic system has a working pressure range of 16-20MPa and a flow rate of 60-80L / min.
8. The rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The trenching depth control accuracy of the special intercropping machine is ±0.5cm, and the seedling placement positioning accuracy is ±1cm.
9. A rice-wheat furrow intercropping precision cultivation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent water layer management unit includes: The water level monitoring agency has a measurement accuracy of ±0.3cm and a sampling frequency of once per minute; The automatic drainage control mechanism has a response time of less than 2 minutes. A soil moisture content monitoring network was established, with monitoring depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The intelligent decision-making model optimizes management based on soil moisture characteristic curves and crop water requirement patterns.