Silicon-carbon negative electrode material with cavity buffer structure and preparation method of silicon-carbon negative electrode material

By using molecular self-assembly and polydopamine sacrificial layer preparation methods, a tightly connected carbon nanotube-silicon core and carbon shell structure is formed, which solves the problems of environmental protection and poor conductive network connection in the preparation process of existing silicon-carbon materials, and improves the cycling stability and transport efficiency of the material.

CN122455643APending Publication Date: 2026-07-24ZHENGZHOU ZHONGKE EMERGING IND TECH RES INST +1
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202610722444.9
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-05-25
Publication Date
2026-07-24

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing cavity buffer structure silicon-carbon materials have problems such as poor environmental performance, insufficient buffer space, and only partial connection of the core and shell conductive network during the preparation process, which leads to limited ion and electron transport and poor cycle stability.

Method used

A silicon-carbon anode material with a cavity buffer structure was prepared by combining nano-silicon with quaternary ammonium salt and carboxylated carbon nanotubes using molecular self-assembly technology and a polydopamine sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer was decomposed by alkaline treatment to form tightly connected carbon nanotubes with silicon core and carbon shell, thereby improving the electron and ion transport rate.

Benefits of technology

An environmentally friendly and efficient cavity buffer structure was achieved, which enhanced the material's cycle stability and electronic and ion conduction capabilities, thereby improving the material's overall performance.

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode materials, discloses a silicon-carbon negative electrode material with a cavity buffer structure and a preparation method, and solves the technical problems that in the preparation process of the silicon-carbon material with the cavity buffer structure, the formation of a cavity is not environment-friendly, the buffer space is insufficient, and conductive network parts of an inner core and a shell are connected. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) self-assembling and compounding nano silicon and carboxylated carbon nanotubes; (2) preparing a polydopamine sacrificial layer; (3) preparing a polypyrrole coating layer; (4) decomposing the sacrificial layer; and (5) high-temperature carbonization. The material is formed by bridging carboxylated carbon nanotubes with silicon and a carbon coating layer, and the carboxylated carbon nanotubes can improve the combination effect of a carbon layer and silicon, enhance an internal conductive network of the material, prevent carbon layer separation caused by silicon expansion in the circulation process, and improve the circulation stability of the material. The polydopamine layer and the hydrogen-bond interaction of the inner-layer polymer and the outer-layer polymer are utilized to uniformly coat the surface of the silicon core through layer-by-layer induction, and meanwhile, the safety and environmental protection problems caused by using hydrofluoric acid are avoided.
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