Supply chain liquidity platform

Abstract

Systems and methods are directed to a supply chain liquidity platform that includes a transaction manager configured to receive requests associated with the supply chain liquidity platform. An accounts receivable (A / R) data store can record, for various entities associated with the supply chain liquidity platform, authenticated A / R to be paid to the various entities, while an accounts payable (A / P) data store can record, for various entities associated with the supply chain liquidity platform, authenticated A / P to be paid by the various entities. In operation, a payment processor, in response to the authenticated A / R, disburses a discount payment for the authenticated A / R to the associated entity, and provides an investor that funds the discount payment with an investment payment that includes at least the funds and an additional interest payment.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 556,254, filed February 21, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to an electronic supply chain liquidity optimization platform for various electronic transactions. More specifically, the systems and methods are designed for a liquidity optimization platform to record, monitor, and implement various transactions throughout the supply chain. Background Technology

[0004] One aspect of capitalist economies is the fractional reserve banking system (FRBS), used by banks in all countries. It has been effective for centuries, bringing prosperity and lifting billions out of poverty. However, because banks only approve credit for reputable government entities, corporations, and individuals who comply with their credit committee requirements, and because the credit lines, commissions, and interest rates they charge depend on the borrower's credit risk and the inflation rate, most of them lack access to bank credit, particularly in underdeveloped countries and those with high inflation rates. This limits their financial inclusion and prevents them from realizing their full economic potential.

[0005] If the goal is to provide liquidity to all government entities, corporations, and individuals in the economy, then FRBS is inefficient, expensive, discriminatory, and fraught with conflicts of interest. FRBS contributes to asset bubbles, bank runs, budget deficits, and financial instability in speculative economies, leading to increased unemployment, inflation, and widening income inequality due to rising debt and interest payments.

[0006] Under FRBS (Fundamental, Free, and Balanced Banking), commercial banks amplify the economic cycle by creating money through lending and destroying money by repaying loans. During economic expansions, banks actively create new money by issuing loans, as rising asset values ​​and optimistic growth expectations encourage borrowing. When banks issue new loans, they simultaneously create corresponding deposits, effectively generating new money into circulation. This money creation is not constrained by pre-existing deposits as commonly believed in the money multiplier theory—banks can create money "out of thin air" and then obtain any necessary reserves through deposits or interbank lending.

[0007] During expansion, rising asset values ​​and optimism fueled excessive lending, inflating the money supply and creating bubbles. During contraction, lending tightened, and as loans were repaid, the money supply shrank, deepening the recession. This process creates a feedback loop, exacerbating booms and busts and leading to greater economic volatility and instability.

[0008] To achieve its economic objectives, central banks rely on the intermediary role of banks. However, as profit-maximizing entities, banks pursue their own interests rather than those of the central bank or the economy. For example, they may reduce lending activity during economic crises and inflation, refuse credit to certain sectors of the economy, fail to pass on interest savings to customers when annual interest rates fall, or increase customer annual interest rates by a larger margin when their funding costs rise. Under FRBS (Fundamental Financial Markets), central banks cannot effectively regulate both the real and speculative economies. It is necessary to find a more effective way to control both the real and speculative economies without bank intermediation, while simultaneously increasing financial inclusion and providing liquidity to countless companies and individuals lacking access to bank credit.

[0009] The lack of centralization and maturity synchronization in the economy's credit electronic invoices, accounts payable (A / P, including taxes and debts owed to financial institutions), accounts receivable (A / R, including demand and time deposits, investments, and government tax credits and subsidies), and collections and payments necessitates that most business transactions use bank loans or lines of credit, factoring, and / or credit cards to meet working capital needs. This lack of centralization and maturity synchronization results in a system where money does not easily circulate in the economy and does not reach most companies (primarily small, medium, and micro-sized enterprises) and individuals. Businesses and individuals in need of liquidity are forced to draw down bank loans, increasing the total amount of debt and interest payments in the economy. However, if this money is spent on speculative activities or used to repay previous loans, it can reduce the velocity of money (the number of times the money supply circulates in the economy within a year). As a result, in order to maintain nominal gross domestic product (GDP), central banks are forced to significantly increase the money supply, leading to inflation. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The applicant identified limitations in the existing financial system, particularly the lack of access to bank credit for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and liquidity bottlenecks in local and international supply chains. To address these challenges, the applicant conceived and developed an implementation plan for a centralized and fully transparent Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform (SCLOP) to host and support a variety of government fiscal transactions, including but not limited to taxes, penalties, fees, and subsidies, as well as cross-economic commercial and financial electronic invoice transactions.

[0011] The platform uses real-time dynamic algorithms configured to optimally allocate funds by linking supplier receivables, investor funds, and payment obligations, centralizing and synchronizing the maturity dates of all accounts receivable and payable e-invoice transactions across all supply chains in the economy. These algorithms maximize liquidity reuse within the system while ensuring fair and efficient fund allocation.

[0012] The embodiments disclosed herein further provide a system and method for providing cheap and immediate liquidity to companies and individuals engaging in credit transactions without relying on credit risk analysis, debt, or banks. In various embodiments, liquidity transactions occur within a supply chain led by a government entity or a large debtor with an investment-grade credit rating. The debtor verifies the suppliers' receivables and guarantees fixed-date payments to investors who purchase them at a discounted price as part of an immediate payment discount arrangement. The system coordinates and facilitates these transactions, ensuring access to low-cost liquidity without reliance on banks. The debtor benefits by earning interest rate spreads or gaining additional credit days for free.

[0013] The disclosed implementation further provides a system and method for facilitating the efficient settlement of multiple accounts payable with minimal capital. This system reduces reliance on short-term bank loans while providing liquidity at a fraction of the annual interest earned by investors. As more participants join the platform, the annual interest rate for each party decreases proportionally, creating a self-optimizing dynamic that incentivizes widespread adoption across industries and sectors.

[0014] The publicly disclosed implementation plan enables central banks or government authorities to directly control key macroeconomic variables within specific supply chains, economic sectors, or broader economic areas in both the real and speculative economies. These variables include, but are not limited to, the velocity of money, the marginal money supply, the marginal lending rate, money circulation, and inflation. This real-time capability allows policymakers to optimize economic performance without relying on banking intermediaries.

[0015] The platform's modular and scalable architecture supports diverse industries, regions, and transaction types. It operates seamlessly between the public and private sectors, ensuring compliance with local regulations and adaptability for global use. It excels in cross-border supply chains, enabling automated liquidity allocation.

[0016] This disclosure represents a new approach to supply chain finance by eliminating reliance on banks and reducing risk. By leveraging a centralized, transparent, and inclusive approach, the implementation significantly improves the financial and operational efficiency of SMEs, large enterprises, and individuals. It promotes financial inclusion, economic empowerment, and poverty alleviation by providing affordable liquidity.

[0017] In one embodiment, a supply chain liquidity optimization platform includes a transaction manager configured to receive requests related to the supply chain liquidity optimization platform. The platform also includes an accounts receivable (A / R) data store for recording certified A / Rs to be received from each entity associated with the supply chain liquidity optimization platform. The platform further includes an accounts payable (A / P) data store for recording certified A / Ps to be paid by each entity associated with the supply chain liquidity optimization platform. The platform includes a payment processing service for distributing discounted payments for the certified A / Rs to associated entities in response to the certified A / Rs, and for providing investment payments to investors who funded the discounted payments upon maturity of the total value of the certified A / Rs, the investment payments including the funds and a discount as interest income.

[0018] In one implementation, a method includes receiving a request from an entity participating in a supply chain liquidity optimization platform. The method also includes certifying the entity and at least one associated accounts receivable (A / R) owed to the entity. The method further includes receiving payment from an investor for the purchase of the certified A / R rights at a discounted price. The method includes distributing a discounted payment to the entity less than the total value of the A / R. The method includes receiving a settlement payment from the debtor entity of the A / R for the total value of the certified A / R upon maturity. The method also includes distributing a payment for the total value of the certified A / R to the investor upon maturity.

[0019] One or more implementations involve SCLOP for effective liquidity management in fiscal, commercial, and financial electronic transactions. This platform centralizes and synchronizes the maturity dates of all receivables and payables in the economy. It provides instant, low-cost liquidity for credit-based supply chain transactions without debt or bank intermediaries, regardless of credit risk. The platform ensures inclusive access to liquidity for all by facilitating the sale of certified receivables at a discounted price as part of an immediate payment discount arrangement. Real-time dynamic algorithms optimize capital allocation by linking supplier receivables, investor funds, and payment obligations across multiple layers of the supply chain. These algorithms maximize liquidity reuse, enabling efficient settlement of payment obligations with minimal capital, thereby reducing operating costs and enhancing financial inclusion for SMEs. The system reduces reliance on short-term loans, providing liquidity at a fraction of the investor annual interest rate shared across supply chain participants. Furthermore, it enables governments or central banks to directly control macroeconomic variables, including the velocity of money, marginal money supply, marginal lending rates, money circulation, and inflation. Implementations can be used across cross-border supply chains to streamline and automate liquidity allocation for improved financial efficiency and transparency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] This technology will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of its non-limiting embodiments and by viewing the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1

[0022] [ Figure 1 This illustrates an environment for establishing a supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 2A

[0024] [ Figure 2A The image shows an example graphical representation of a current fractional reserve banking system according to an embodiment of this disclosure, where there is a lack of centralization and maturity synchronization of all A / Rs and A / Ps in the economy;

[0025] Figure 2B

[0026] [ Figure 2B This document shows an example flowchart of central bank operations regarding the economy and inflation according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2C

[0028] [ Figure 2C This document shows an example flowchart of central bank operations regarding the economy and inflation according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0029] Figure 2D

[0030] [ Figure 2D An example graphical representation of a supply chain liquidity optimization platform allocation system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 3A

[0032] [ Figure 3A This document shows an example flowchart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 3B

[0034] [ Figure 3B This document shows an example flowchart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0035] Figure 3C

[0036] [ Figure 3C A sample flowchart of the netting process according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 4A

[0038] [ Figure 4A This illustration shows an example representation of a transaction using a supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 4B

[0040] [ Figure 4B The illustration shows a series of example representations of transactions using a supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 4C

[0042] [ Figure 4C The illustration shows a series of example representations of transactions using a supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 4D

[0044] [ Figure 4D This illustrates an example of how the annual interest rate decreases as the number of companies participating in the supply chain, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 5

[0046] [ Figure 5 This document illustrates an example flowchart of the process for receiving payments using a supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 6

[0048] [ Figure 6 [This is an example configuration of a computing device according to an embodiment of this disclosure;]

[0049] Figure 7

[0050] [ Figure 7 A sample flowchart of a circular supply chain cash flow according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0051] Figure 8

[0052] [ Figure 8 This shows an example representation of the variables used to implement a supply chain liquidity optimization platform;

[0053] Figure 9A

[0054] [ Figure 9AAn example flowchart illustrating a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; and

[0055] Figure 9B

[0056] [ Figure 9B An example flowchart of a process corresponding to supply chain liquidity optimization according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The foregoing aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will be further understood when considered in conjunction with the following description of embodiments and accompanying drawings. In describing embodiments of this disclosure as illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be used for clarity. However, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology used, and it should be understood that each specific term includes an equivalent that operates in a similar manner to achieve a similar purpose. Furthermore, similar reference numerals may be used for similar components, but such use should not be construed as limiting this disclosure.

[0058] When describing elements of various embodiments of this disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” are intended to indicate the presence of one or more of that element. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be other elements besides those listed. Any examples of operating parameters and / or environmental conditions do not exclude other parameters / conditions of the disclosed embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that references to “an embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “some embodiments,” or “other embodiments” of this disclosure are not intended to be construed as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the described features. Additionally, references to terms such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” “side,” “front,” “back,” or other terms relating to direction or orientation are made with reference to the illustrated embodiment and are not intended to limit or exclude other orientations or directions. Similar numbers may be used throughout to refer to similar elements, but it should be understood that the use of similar numbers is for convenience and clarity and is not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. Furthermore, references to “substantially,” “approximately,” or “about” may refer to a difference within a range of + / -10%.

[0059] The implementation scheme disclosed herein overcomes the problems of fractional-reserve banking systems by using a centralized Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform (SCLOP) to implement a series of transaction monitoring and management tools consistent with the Supply Chain Liquidity Economics (LSCET) theory. Directly opposite to how fractional-reserve banking operates (where banks effectively create new deposits when issuing loans, increasing the total money supply, inflationary pressures, total debt, and total interest expenses, and applying different annual interest rates based on each customer's credit risk), the system and method provide an improved SCLOP for implementing LSCET. In a centralized, synchronized, and fully transparent SCLOP, the initial money supply circulates rapidly among companies and individuals across different supply chains in the economy. Because of the sharply controlled increase in the velocity of money circulation within the supply chain, there is no increase in the money supply, no new short-term loans, no debt, and no increased interest expenses. The SCLOP can act as a national collection and payment institution, centralizing and synchronizing the maturity dates of all financial, commercial, and tax collection A / R and A / P transactions in the economy to reduce overall debt, interest expenses, and tax evasion.

[0060] Systems and methods can use SCLOP to allow tracking of common / identical money supplies along collection and payment paths based on, for example, certified A / Rs. As a non-limiting example, companies and individuals using SCLOP can allocate their certified A / Rs to a Supply Chain Liquidity Trust (SCLT) and can offer their certified A / Rs for sale at a discount, or their value can be calculated using one or more algorithms (e.g., calculating net present value, calculations conforming to different immediate payment discounts, calculations using one or more factors based on company and / or personal assets, etc.). Using SCLOP, the sum of all payments made to suppliers in the supply chain, interest earned by investors, any cash held by suppliers, plus SCLOP fees and any taxes, equals the certified A / R amount owed by the debtor to the supplier, which may be referred to as a "Tier 1 supplier."

[0061] Various implementation schemes can be implemented, in which one or more databases can store and track suppliers and participants at different levels, and select different annual interest rates to use SCLOP based on their level and / or parameters. For example, government entities may receive the lowest annual interest rates in the country due to their unique status / parameters, such as borrowing large amounts of money, tax collection capacity, ability to enforce laws regarding debt repayment, and the ability to imprison tax evaders. The database can also identify other entities at the same or different levels, such as banks, corporations, and individuals, who may be charged higher annual interest rates when participating in SCLOP. Therefore, SCLOP can use a variety of different factors to track and / or monitor different transactions at different levels based on the parameters of various entities. An example provided for clarity rather than limitation is that a government entity may issue bonds or short-term investment instruments to pay operating costs or contractors for infrastructure projects, but once the funds are transferred to its suppliers in the SCLT (e.g., Tier 1 suppliers), the same currency circulates down the supply chain through SCLOP, accelerating the velocity of money and allowing multiple certified A / Rs to be settled among supply chain participants with the same initial money supply, unlike banks that artificially create more money through lending. Various implementation schemes can be positioned to leverage SCLOP for scale utilization because, as more companies and individuals participate in the supply chain and join SCLOP, the total interest earned by investors purchasing certified A / Rs (ideally with investment-grade ratings) from government or private debtors sold at a discount by Tier 1 suppliers is paid proportionally by all supply chain participants (including Tier 1 suppliers). Each participating company or individual pays the same but significantly lower annual interest rate than investors, and there is no interest rate discrimination based on their different credit risks or the size of their certified A / R transactions. Government entities or large public or private debtors gain free extensions of credit terms without incurring debt and interest expenses because they have certified existing A / Rs that Tier 1 suppliers allocate to SCLTs and sell at a discount to investors. As discussed in this paper, this model offers several advantages compared to existing financing models used by government or large public or private debtors. Given that existing financing models require them to incur new debt to pay their obligations, increasing their total debt and interest expenses, under SCLOP, not only do governments and large public or private debtors obtain free credit days without incurring debt and interest expenses, but it also helps all companies and individuals involved in their supply chains minimize their interest expenses without incurring debt, without bank intermediaries, and regardless of their credit risk. Therefore, the system and approach provide a platform where SCLOP is in the best interests of companies and individuals, as it seeks to minimize the annual interest rate and interest expenses of all participants, charging only a fee plus sales tax (if any).To this end, various implementation plans offer debtors free extensions of credit terms, while also providing investors with higher annual returns and lower risk, and offering most companies and individuals very quick and cheap access to liquidity without credit analysis, debt, incremental interest expenses, and bank intermediaries.

[0062] One implementation allows government entities, or large public or private companies acting as debtors and payment guarantors in their supply chains, to optimize liquidity by reusing funds initially paid for by investors. It allows these debtors to settle smaller transactions with their direct suppliers without requiring additional investment from new investors. For example, suppose a debtor has certified $1,000,000 worth of A / R to a Tier 1 supplier, which an investor purchases at a discount. The Tier 1 supplier owes $800,000 to a Tier 2 supplier, $600,000 to a Tier 3 supplier, $500,000 to a Tier 4 supplier, and $400,000 to a Tier 5 supplier. If the Tier 5 supplier is also a debtor, the debtor can recover this $400,000 to pay the additional Tier 1 supplier. This process extends the supply chain by incorporating new participants and lowers the annual interest rate for all involved, while utilizing the same initial $1,000,000 investment made by investors to purchase the certified receivables from the Tier 1 supplier. This approach is particularly beneficial to government entities because it ensures that all companies and individuals contribute taxes, allowing the government to operate with minimal overall debt. This approach offers several advantages, including but not limited to at least:

[0063] a) Interest income: The debtor can earn the interest income that the investor would have accumulated on the $400,000.

[0064] b) Extending the credit term: The credit term can be further extended to the debtor without incurring additional costs.

[0065] c) Cost savings: These savings can be passed on to other suppliers, improving their cash flow and incentivizing supply chain participation.

[0066] By effectively recovering funds within the supply chain, this mechanism improves financial efficiency, reduces reliance on external capital, and supports the economic stability of all supply chain participants. The implementation plan can refer to this process and function as the Circular Supply Chain Money Flow.

[0067] Systems and methods can provide a platform (e.g., SCLOP) for use by one or more entities, such as government entities, one or more companies or banks, individuals, and / or similar entities. Furthermore, SCLOP can accommodate a variety of different tools or modules, offering a range of services to users of the platform. For example, SCLOP can execute and implement a module that uses Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization (SCLO) to maximize the velocity of money circulation across the supply chain from an initial fixed money supply, as the same amount of money flows down the supply chain to pay a larger amount of certified A / Rs to all suppliers without causing inflation. Central banks can even issue new money through SCLOP to pay off government debt (e.g., to pay for investments that increase nominal GDP) without incurring debt and interest payments. When Tier 1 suppliers sell certified A / Rs at a discount, the net proceeds received by SCLT—after deducting interest income for investors, any cash that companies want to retain, SCLOP fees, and any applicable sales taxes—are used to settle all certified A / Rs throughout the supply chain. An example of this process could include SCLT paying each company in the supply chain the difference between the net proceeds from discounted A / R sales and the amount of certified A / Rs owed by the company to its suppliers. When these net payments are added together, they equal the total certified A / R amount for a Tier 1 supplier.

[0068] In an unrestricted example, a Tier 1 supplier holds a certified A / R of $100,000 owed by a large private debtor, with a term of 90 days and not participating in SCLOP. The investor earns an 8% annual interest rate and a credit days multiplier of 1.50. The large private debtor has three options:

[0069] 1) Earn a 4% annual interest spread as a certification bonus (calculated as 12% - 8% = 4%) and continue to make payments in 90 days.

[0070] 2) Use the certification bonus to pay investors additional interest income and delay payments for 135 days, gaining 45 additional free credit days (90×1.5 = 135 - 90 = 45).

[0071] 3) Any combination of the above two items, as long as the income does not exceed the certification bonus.

[0072] Tier 1 suppliers can sell a 90-day A / R at a 12% annualized discount (equivalent to 8% for a 135-day A / R), which includes:

[0073] • The investor earned $3,000 in interest ($100,000 x 12% x 90 / 360).

[0074] • A $1,000 handling fee (1% of the A / R amount), and

[0075] • $70 in sales tax (7% of the handling fee), total deduction of $4,070.

[0076] In this example, after deductions, SCLT receives $95,930 ($100,000 - $4,070). This represents a 4.07% immediate payment discount ($4,070 / $100,000). Tier 1 suppliers may further decide to retain $10,000 for cash needs (or any other amount within the total amount), leaving $85,930 to pay the certified A / R they owe to the supplier.

[0077] Continuing the example, if a Tier 1 supplier now joins the SCLOP, it can certify A / Rs to one or more Tier 2 suppliers for a 60-day period, totaling $85,930. Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers will jointly pay $3,000 in interest earned by the investor from purchasing the certified A / Rs at a discount from the Tier 1 supplier. In one or more implementations, the interest income earned by the investor from purchasing discounted certified A / Rs from Tier 1 suppliers will be distributed among all supply chain participants. This distribution is based on the interest earned by the investor if it lent directly to each supplier at the same annual interest rate. In this example, the investor's annual interest rate reflects the credit risk of the primary debtor (e.g., a large public or private company or government entity). Since the marginal annual interest rate for Tier 2 and above is 0%, the SCLOP administrator can set different annual interest rates, even 0%, to encourage participation. Any difference paid by suppliers below the investor's rate (e.g., suppliers selling for cash might participate in the SCLOP for free, facilitating the flow of funds down the supply chain) is borne by other suppliers, increasing their share of interest expenses. Therefore, implementation of the systems and methods disclosed herein could result in the following financial terms of the transaction:

[0078] If the investor lends directly to the debtor at the debtor's annual interest rate, the interest paid by the Tier 2 supplier to the investor would be: $85,930 × 12% × 60 / 360 = $1,718.60

[0079] • Interest share for Tier 1 suppliers: $3,000 ($3,000) / ($3,000 + $1,718.60) = $1,907.35. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate ($1,907.35). 360) / (100,000 USD) 90) = 7.63% applies to both, which is far lower than the 12% paid by Tier 1 suppliers alone.

[0080] Therefore, the interest share for Tier 2 suppliers is: $3,000 - $1,907.35 = $1,092.65.

[0081] The additional terms and benefits of the transaction include:

[0082] 1) Fees and Taxes: Tier 2 suppliers pay $1,092.65 in interest, $859.30 in handling fees (= $85,930 × 1%), and $60.15 in sales tax (7%), for a total deduction of $2,012.10. This represents a 2.342% immediate payment discount ($2,012.10 / $85,930).

[0083] 2) Payment to Tier 2 Suppliers: If Tier 1 suppliers use the $1,092.65 interest savings to pay Tier 2 suppliers, then the total payment to Tier 2 suppliers is now $85,930 + $1,092.65 = $87,022.65.

[0084] 3) Interest recalculated:

[0085] If the investor lends directly to the supplier, the interest paid by the Tier 2 supplier to the investor would be: $87,022.65 × 12% × 60 / 360 = $1,740.45

[0086] Interest share for Tier 1 suppliers: $3,000 ($3,000 / ($3,000 + $1,740.45)) = $1,898.55. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate ($1,898.55). 360) / (100,000 USD) 90) = 7.60% applies to both, which is far lower than the 12% paid by Tier 1 suppliers alone.

[0087] The recalculated interest expense for Tier 2 suppliers at the new, lower annual interest rate is: $3,000.00 - $1,898.55 = $1,101.45. This represents a savings of $1,740.45 - $1,101.45 = $639.00 in interest expense relative to the debtor's annual interest rate.

[0088] 4) Recalculate interest expense, fees, and taxes for Tier 2 suppliers: Pay $1,101.45 in interest, $870.23 in fees ($87,022.65 × 1%), and $60.92 in sales tax (7%), for a total deduction of $2,032.60. This represents an immediate payment discount of 2.336% ($2,032.60 / $87,022.65).

[0089] 5) Cash retained by Tier 2 suppliers: Tier 2 suppliers decide to retain $15,000 in cash (as a non-restricted example), and after deductions, the remaining $87,022.65 - $2,032.60 = $84,990.05 - $15,000 = $69,990.05 will be used to pay for their A / R certification to Tier 3 suppliers.

[0090] In at least one implementation, SCLOP continues to optimize these calculations until the difference is $0.01 or less.

[0091] Continuing the example, suppose a Tier 2 supplier certifies an A / R with a 75-day credit term to a Tier 3 supplier. The Tier 3 supplier will also share the $3,000 interest earned by the investor who purchased the certified A / R from the Tier 1 supplier, along with the Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. The share of interest expense is based on the interest the investor would earn if they lent to each supplier in the supply chain at the same annual interest rate. In this unrestricted example, the annual interest rate earned by the investor is based on the credit risk of the large public or private debtor or government entity that guarantees payments and dominates the supply chain.

[0092] • If the investor lends directly to the supplier, the interest paid by the Tier 3 supplier to the investor would be: $69,990.05 × 12% × 75 / 360 = $1,749.75

[0093] • If the investor lends directly to the supplier, the interest paid by the Tier 2 supplier to the investor would be: $87,022.65 × 12% × 60 / 360 = $1,740.45

[0094] • Interest share for Tier 1 suppliers: $3,000 ($3,000) / ($3,000 + $1,740.45 + $1,749.75) = $1,386.71. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate ($1,386.71). 360) / (100,000 USD) 90) = 5.55% applies to 3 suppliers, far lower than the 12% paid by the Tier 1 supplier alone. This results in an additional saving of $1,898.55 - $1,386.71 = $511.84 in interest expense for the Tier 1 supplier.

[0095] In this example, if a Tier 1 supplier uses this saving to pay a Tier 2 supplier, the Tier 2 supplier will receive $87,022.65 + $511.84 = $87,534.49. If a Tier 3 supplier also uses it to pay one or more of their Tier 4 suppliers, the Tier 3 supplier receives an additional $511.84. After deducting the 1% handling fee and 7% sales tax, they receive $511.84. 98.93% = $506.36 net growth, so Tier 3 suppliers will receive $69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.41.

[0096] In at least one implementation, interest recalculation may include:

[0097] • If the investor lends directly to the supplier, the interest paid by the Tier 3 supplier to the investor would be: ($69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.41) × 12% × 75 / 360 = $1,762.41

[0098] • If the investor lends directly to the Tier 2 supplier, the interest paid to the investor would be: ($87,022.65 + $511.84 = $87,534.49) × 12% × 60 / 360 = $1,750.69

[0099] • Interest share for Tier 1 suppliers: $3,000 ($3,000) / ($3,000 + $1,750.69 + $1,762.41) = $1,381.83. This results in an additional saving of $1,898.55 - $1,381.83 = $516.72 in interest expense for Tier 1 suppliers. This leads to a new, lower annual interest rate ($1,381.83). 360) / (100,000 USD) 90) = 5.53% applies to 3 suppliers, which is far lower than the 12% paid by a Tier 1 supplier alone.

[0100] • Interest share for Tier 2 suppliers: $3,000 ($1,750.69) / ($3,000 + $1,750.69 + $1,762.41) = $809.83. This results in an additional saving of $1,101.45 - $806.38 = $295.07 in interest expense for Tier 2 suppliers.

[0101] • Interest share for Tier 3 suppliers: $3,000 (1,762.41 USD) / (3,000 USD + 1,750.69 USD + 1,762.41 USD) = 811.79 USD.

[0102] The net amount received by the Tier 1 supplier will be $100,000 - $1,381.83 - $1,000 - $70 = $97,548.17. The total cost is $2,451.83. This represents a 2.45% immediate payment discount ($2,451.83 / $100,000).

[0103] The net amount received by the Tier 2 supplier will be ($87,534.49 + $295.07 = $87,829.56) - $806.38 - $878.30 - $61.48 = $86,083.40. The total cost is $1,746.16. This represents a 1.99% immediate payment discount ($1,746.16 / $87,829.56).

[0104] The net amount received by the Tier 3 supplier will be ($69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.41) - $811.79 - $704.96 - $49.35 = $68,930.31. The total cost is $1,566.10. This represents a 2.22% immediate payment discount ($1,566.10 / $70,496.41).

[0105] In one or more implementations, a Tier 3 supplier may choose to retain some cash, such as $15,000. After deduction, the Tier 3 supplier will have $68,930.31 - $15,000 in cash = $53,930.31 on hand to pay for the A / R for certification to one or more Tier 4 suppliers.

[0106] Continuing the example, suppose a Tier 3 supplier certifies an A / R with a 90-day credit term to a Tier 4 supplier. The Tier 4 supplier will also share the $3,000 interest earned by the investor who purchased the certified A / R from the Tier 1 supplier, along with the Tier 1, 2, and 3 suppliers. The share of interest expense is based on the interest the investor would earn if they lent to each supplier in the supply chain at the same annual interest rate. In this unrestricted example, the annual interest rate earned by the investor is based on the credit risk of the large public or private debtor or government entity that guarantees payments and dominates the supply chain.

[0107] • If the investor lends directly to the supplier, the interest paid by the Tier 4 supplier to the investor would be: $53,930.31 × 12% × 90 / 360 = $1,617.91

[0108] • If investors directly contact them Therefore, the interest paid by the Tier 3 supplier to the investor is: $70,496.41 × 12% × 75 / 360 = $1,762.41

[0109] • If investors directly contact them Therefore, the interest paid by the Tier 2 supplier to the investor is: $87,829.56 × 12% × 60 / 360 = $1,756.59

[0110] • Interest share for Tier 1 suppliers: $3,000 ($3,000) / ($3,000 + $1,756.59 + $1,762.41 + $1,617.91) = $1,106.07. This results in a new, lower annual interest rate ($1,106.07). 360) / (100,000 USD) 90) = 4.42% applies to 3 suppliers, far lower than the 12% paid by the Tier 1 supplier alone. This results in an additional saving of $1,379.61 - $1,106.07 = $273.54 in interest expense for the Tier 1 supplier.

[0111] • Interest share for Tier 2 suppliers: $3,000 ($1,756.59) / ($3,000 + $1,756.59 + $1,762.41 + $1,617.91) = $647.64. This results in an additional saving of $1,101.45 - $647.64 = $453.81 in interest expense for Tier 2 suppliers.

[0112] • Interest share for Tier 3 suppliers: $3,000 (1,762.41 USD) / (3,000 USD + 1,756.59 USD + 1,762.41 USD + 1,617.91 USD) = 649.78 USD.

[0113] • Interest share for Tier 4 suppliers: $3,000 (1,617.91 USD) / (3,000 USD + 1,756.59 USD + 1,762.41 USD + 1,617.91 USD) = 596.51 USD.

[0114] In this example, if the Tier 1 supplier uses the $273.54 saving to pay the Tier 2 supplier, then the Tier 2 supplier will receive $87,829.56 + $273.54 = $88,103.10. If the Tier 2 supplier also uses it to pay the Tier 3 supplier, then the Tier 3 supplier receives an additional $273.54. After deducting the 1% handling fee and 7% sales tax, they receive $273.54. 98.93% = a net increase of $270.61. If the Tier 3 supplier also uses this to pay the Tier 4 supplier, then the Tier 4 supplier receives an additional $270.61. After deducting the 1% commission and 7% sales tax, they receive $270.62. 98.93% = a net increase of $267.72.

[0115] The net amount received by the Tier 1 supplier will be $100,000 - $1,106.07 - $1,000 - $70 = $97,823.93. The total cost is $2,176.07. This represents a 2.18% immediate payment discount ($2,176.07 / $100,000).

[0116] The net amount received by the Tier 2 supplier will be ($87,534.49 + $511.84 + $273.54 = $88,319.87) - $647.64 - $883.20 - $61.82 = $86,727.21. The total cost is $1,592.66. This represents a 1.80% immediate payment discount ($1,592.66 / $88,310.87).

[0117] The net amount received by the Tier 3 supplier will be ($69,990.05 + $506.36 = $70,496.86) - $649.78 - $704.97 - $49.35 = $69,092.76. The total cost is $1,404.10. This represents a 1.99% immediate payment discount ($1,404.10 / $70,496.41).

[0118] Therefore, the system and methodology can be used to reduce the annual interest rate for all suppliers to 4.42%, significantly lower than the 12% that Tier 1 suppliers pay themselves. SCLOP continuously refines these calculations throughout the supply chain until the difference is less than $0.01, ensuring efficient liquidity allocation. This process minimizes total interest expense and reduces the annual interest rate for all companies that sell their certified A / Rs at a discount through SCLOP.

[0119] SCLOs can be implemented at regular intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, etc.) or based on one or more factors that are assessed, determined to exceed a threshold, and thus trigger SCLO execution. The timing of SCLOs can be at least partially based on the expected velocity of money in the supply chain, where a higher expected velocity of money may require less frequent SCLO executions. The more frequently SCLOs are executed, the fewer certified transactions are available to optimize supply chain liquidity, reducing the chance that the algorithm will use the same investor's funds to settle certified receivables across multiple supplier tiers. Higher velocity of money requires less money supply to achieve the same nominal GDP, thereby reducing debt and interest payments across the economy. Using SCLOs on SCLOP, central banks can regulate the velocity of money in the supply chain, the marginal money supply, the marginal interest rate, the money circulation flow in the supply chain, and inflation. Various implementation schemes can also implement a netting module for all debtor-certified applicable A / Rs and all supplier-certified A / Ps, regardless of their credit risk, and can be implemented in any country. Systems and methods (e.g., netting algorithms) can minimize certified accounts payable and receivable balances in an economy without actual monetary flows, utilizing only accounting entries. To this end, netting modules can be used to settle long-overdue accounts receivable and payable, particularly those generating interest expenses. With the help of SCLO, the circulating flow of money in the supply chain, and netting algorithms, SCLOP can optimize cash flow and profitability across the economy. In various implementations, netting can be performed at intervals (e.g., every six months) based on one or more factors.

[0120] Various implementation schemes can also implement a bottleneck identification module to identify entities using SCLOP with negative working capital (e.g., A / P balance higher than A / R and cash balance, and / or A / R balance higher than A / P balance, where the A / R balance is somewhat overdue). Systems and methods can leverage artificial intelligence to implement this module to identify which bottleneck companies have the highest velocity of money circulation in their supply chains, thus providing them with conventional loans that would have the greatest overall liquidity effect on the economy, and setting a marginal lending rate (e.g., at or near zero percentage) to provide near-free liquidity to all participants without increasing the money supply, total debt, and interest payments. For this purpose, all local and international companies and individuals involved in credit sales and purchases within the supply chain can access liquidity without credit analysis and bank intermediaries. If the bottleneck company is creditworthy, it may be referred to as a "creditworthy bottleneck company"; otherwise, it may be referred to as a "dead-end bottleneck company." The identification of these companies can also be accomplished using artificial intelligence. This involves providing information gathered through onboarding questionnaires completed via SCLT regarding reputable bottleneck companies willing to participate to all affiliated competing financial institutions, including Supply Chain Liquidity Economics Theory (LSCET) banks and institutional investors. This allows these institutions to offer them their best conventional lending options to achieve positive working capital in exchange for fees. As described in this article, LSCET banks are specifically designed to provide short-term liquidity to companies and individuals in the real economy participating in SCLOP. LSCET banks can offer higher annual interest rates to investors and depositors due to their unique operating model.

[0121] When Tier 1 suppliers sell accounts receivable (A / R) certified by large and / or investment-grade debtors (such as government entities or large corporations) at a discount to obtain working capital, any interest earned by investors is distributed proportionally among all supply chain participants. This cost-sharing structure, coupled with increased velocity of money in the supply chain, allows LSCET Bank to operate with minimal capital while settling large volumes of accounts payable (A / P) transactions. This efficiency enables LSCET Bank to offer higher annual interest rates to funding sources and lower rates to supply chain participants, while still operating profitably with negative interest rate spreads—a comparative advantage over traditional banks.

[0122] Various implementation schemes may also include a risk assessment module implemented to minimize the risk of doing business with new customers and suppliers participating in SCLOP. Such a module can encourage transactions with new entrants. In at least one implementation scheme, an algorithm can be implemented that uses artificial intelligence to identify companies with negative and positive working capital and assigns them credit ratings based on the likelihood of direct, on-time payments. All SCLOP participants will have a credit rating indicating the likelihood of receiving payments on time. This is similar to a traditional credit rating system, but it applies to all SCLOP participants. In this case, the risk lies with the company or individual, not the debtor dominating the supply chain. In another example, artificial intelligence can be used to implement an algorithm that indicates the likelihood of receiving an A / R from each company in the SCLOP through SCLO or netting. This algorithm indicates the likelihood of receiving payment from a company or individual in the SCLOP despite negative working capital. In other words, through direct discounting certified A / R or netting. The idea is that commercial transactions between the parties will not require bank financing and are virtually risk-free because SCLO and netting minimize collection risk. The algorithm facilitates new business opportunities between previously unrelated local and international companies and individuals.

[0123] The disclosed implementation offers several advantages over conventional systems. For example, from the perspective of entities needing liquidity, the implementation provides the advantage that most companies and individuals buying and selling credit will immediately obtain cheap or free liquidity, regardless of their credit risk, with no debt, minimal interest expense, and no bank intermediaries. Furthermore, from the perspective of large debtors or governments, these entities can obtain up to 360 days of free extended credit by certifying an A / R and being obligated to pay in full with enforceability on that date, without incurring incremental debt or interest expense. Moreover, from the investor's perspective, they will earn an annual interest rate higher than the market rate with minimal risk because the certification of large (e.g., investment-grade) debtors or governments has enforceability and is backed by internationally rated investment-grade credit insurers or government credit default swaps. Therefore, the interest earned by investors is paid proportionally by all companies and individuals participating in the supply chain liquidity optimization platform (not just Tier 1 suppliers). The same currency circulates multiple times throughout the supply chain, collecting and paying all synchronized A / Rs and A / Ps, with no debt, no incremental interest expense, and increased velocity of money circulation in the supply chain, so the effective annual interest rate paid by everyone is far lower than the annual interest rate earned by investors. The centralization and synchronized maturity dates of all A / R and A / P transactions in the economy allow supply chain liquidity optimization platforms to control marginal lending rates, marginal money supply, the velocity of money circulation in the supply chain, the money circulation flow in the supply chain, and inflation—all of which are currently beyond the control of central banks or governments.

[0124] The various implementations disclosed herein can implement SCLOP to control the velocity of money within different supply chains and / or within one or more sectors of the economy, among other benefits. Furthermore, SCLOP can be used to control the marginal amount of money circulating in one or more different supply chains, and to set marginal interest rates for specific local or international companies, which may include financial institutions and their employees who buy and sell credit and are part of a specific supply chain in a target economic sector to achieve one or more desired targets, such as a target nominal GDP, and other options. SCLOP enables governments to implement targeted nominal interest rate policies across different economic sectors. This allows for the customization of annual interest rates for specific groups, such as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), helping authorities better manage economic development and financial inclusion objectives.

[0125] The systems and methods disclosed herein can be implemented using one or more SCLOP platforms to provide immediate, short-term liquidity to one or more downstream entities on a national and international scale, which can be low-cost or even interest-free, depending on settings by one or more administrators. Participants can have certified A / Rs and allocate them to SCLTs. In one or more implementations, A / Rs can be received and certified on the platform by participating investment-grade debtors or government entities (debtors) and all other companies and individuals participating in the debtor's supply chain as buyers. Once the A / Rs are certified by the debtor and all other companies and individuals participating in the debtor's supply chain, Tier 1 suppliers (those selling directly to the debtor) sell them to investors on the platform at a discount. Investors can make payments to the SCLT, and the platform can initialize and establish immediate payments, or even all or part of the certified amount, less one or more discounts, fees, taxes, etc., according to the instructions of the Tier 1 suppliers. Tier 1 suppliers retain less than the net amount received. The remaining balance, less fees / expenses / taxes, etc., is paid to Tier 2 suppliers (e.g., suppliers of Tier 1 suppliers), who can also discount A / Rs certified by Tier 1 suppliers on the platform. A similar process can be repeated down to other tiers of suppliers, with subsequent suppliers certifying their A / Rs through the platform. Therefore, only tier #1 suppliers incur funding costs for their A / R discounts, which are paid to investors. All other tiers of suppliers have no funding costs because the same money is passed down the supply chain from the customers who pay their suppliers.

[0126] In one or more implementations, SCLOP allows debtors to see A / Rs allocated to the SCLT by their suppliers for certification. Debtors verify the amounts they owe these suppliers and only certify the amounts they owe. Any discrepancies between the amounts submitted by suppliers and certified by debtors are handled by them outside of SCLOP. SCLOP may include customized certification screens for government entities, which may depend on specific payment procedures. For example, an entity may require its suppliers to upload electronic versions of numerous other documents besides invoices and account statements, in addition to allocating their suppliers' invoices to the SCLT. Certification approvals are identical for all debtors, who are obligated to pay the certified amount to the SCLT by the due date. Certifications made by debtors are contractually obligated to pay. SCLOP is unaware of which debts are genuine and which are not. If a debtor certifies an A / R submitted by its supplier, it is considered “genuine.” In operation, SCLOP may operate under a set of rules outlining the rights and obligations of the parties, which may include clearly outlining the rights and obligations of debtors, investors, and suppliers before they join SCLOP and the SCLT.

[0127] The implementation of this disclosure can improve the profitability of SCLOP administrators or LSCET banks by generating higher interest income from supply chain participants than the interest paid to investors who purchase discounted, certified A / R from Tier 1 suppliers. This is achieved while offering SCLOP participants the same or different annual interest rates that remain lower than the rates earned by investors and significantly lower than the annual interest rates offered by traditional banks.

[0128] Other implementation schemes could leverage the improved profitability described above to extend the number of free credit days available to debtors or to offer investors higher annual interest rates, as marginal annual interest rates decrease with the participation of other companies in the new supply chain tier.

[0129] SCLOP provides the ability to seamlessly synchronize the maturity dates of all commercial, financial, and fiscal A / R and A / P transactions across the economy. It further provides free liquidity to debtors who dominate the supply chain, while extending liquidity to most companies and individuals within these chains, even those unable to access bank credit, without incurring debt or requiring credit risk assessments. This is achieved by proportionally distributing the interest earned by the investor (who purchases debtor-certified A / Rs from Tier 1 suppliers at a discount) among all supply chain participants. As a result, every participant enjoys the same extremely low annual interest rate, regardless of size or creditworthiness, thus completely eliminating the need for bank intermediaries. In addition to optimizing cash flow for all participants, SCLOP reduces operating costs and promotes financial inclusion, fundamentally transforming liquidity management in local and international supply chains.

[0130] The systems and methods disclosed herein can depart from traditional banking practices and use real-time verification of economic milestones to guide money creation, underwriting, and liquidity management. Traditional fractional-reserve banking allows financial institutions to lend multiples of their deposits, operating on the assumption that not all depositors will withdraw funds simultaneously. While this model has supported economic growth for centuries, it carries the flaw of insufficient record-keeping—especially during periods of panic or speculative bubbles. In contrast, SCLOP embodies a “real-time full reserve” approach, in which new units of money are created only when a tangible, verified production (or service) event occurs. As a non-restrictive example, if a factory ships 1,000 units of product, recorded by a shipping manifest and verified invoice, then SCLOP’s ledger acknowledges the possibility of minting additional X units of money to reflect the actual output currently present in the economy. Therefore, systems and methods using SCLOP can incorporate environmental or social indicators—for example, verifying that raw materials are sustainably extracted or produced—to anchor new money creation to concrete evidence of food and services, unlike fractional-reserve systems that may inject funds simply in response to interest rates, policy statements, or the bank lending "multiplier." Thus, implementation can reduce the likelihood of and / or prevent unsustainable credit booms by bridging the gap between assumed lending capacity and actual production output.

[0131] Systems and methodologies integrated with SCLOP can be deployed using a variety of technologies, including blockchain-like ledgers and / or smart contracts. For example, SCLOP can be built on top of a fully distributed or quasi-distributed ledger system that leverages redundancy (multiple nodes or participants verifying data) to track transactions. These ledgers act as an "immutable layer of facts," recording who, what, and how each step of production is done. SCLOP can further utilize automated, programmable logic to release credit or funds only upon confirmation that a given milestone has been reached. Smart contracts can connect to Internet of Things (IoT) devices (e.g., GPS on freight containers or onboard weight sensors). Once the system confirms that goods have arrived and meet specified quantity / quality, it automatically updates the ledger and releases payments or new credit lines.

[0132] SCLOP implementation plans can be used to influence currency issuance using various governance models. For example, public or central bank integration of SCLOP can enable real-time data tracking from various sectors. Furthermore, cooperatives or private consortia, such as alliances of stakeholders (e.g., cooperatives, private enterprises, local governments, etc.), can collectively validate transactions and set sectoral interest rates. Such implementation can reduce centralization and encourage competition and innovation.

[0133] Compared to traditional banking, SCLOP offers various advantages, such as reduced time lag, lower credit risk, and greater financial inclusion. For example, because SCLOP disburses funds the instant milestones are verified, transaction settlement becomes near-instantaneous. This "smooth speed" effect allows supply chains to dynamically expand or adjust based on real-time demand signals, thereby reducing overproduction or bottlenecks. Furthermore, a central repository using continuous performance metrics provides early warnings of potential shortages. For instance, if a farm's harvest begins to fall short of expected production, SCLOP can reduce or halt additional credit payments before farmers accumulate unmanageable debt, thus providing real-time underwriting to mitigate default risk and help borrowers avoid debt spirals. Moreover, instead of rejecting SMEs or individuals lacking traditional credit histories, SCLOP focuses on tangible, proven productivity (e.g., stable, recurring sales or shipments), thereby unlocking capital for entrepreneurs, farmers, or cooperatives with tangible output but historically considered "credit invisible" by traditional banks.

[0134] One or more implementations of this disclosure can be used to optimize liquidity across the economy (or obtain guarantees using SCLOP) by implementing one or more algorithms to centralize and synchronize the maturity dates of all accounts receivable and accounts payable. These algorithms integrate electronic transactions of commerce, finance, and treasury, ensuring efficient management of payment flows. SCLOP can achieve this synchronization within a manageable service that receives and balances disparate flows of real-time economic data. By aligning maturity dates, implementations can settle much larger amounts of accounts payable using relatively small amounts of currency. In operation, electronic transactions captured in the economy can be used to build supply chains by mapping buyers and sellers. After these supply chains are established, the system and methods can then implement one or more algorithms to calculate the present value of all certified accounts receivable based on the annual interest earned by investors. Next, one or more implementations can determine how much each company at each level of the supply chain must contribute to pay a portion of the interest earned by investors who purchase certified accounts receivable from first-tier suppliers. Cash transactions can remain within the supply chain without incurring interest or fees. Instead, they serve as a transfer mechanism, enabling suppliers to obtain cheap, debt-free liquidity simply by participating in their respective supply chains. In this way, each supply chain is constructed as a debtor-tier 1 supplier relationship, meaning that each debtor forms multiple supply chains, and each tier 1 supplier forms one supply chain. Each of these supply chains operates with unique characteristics, including unique velocity of money, marginal money supply, marginal annual interest rate, and circulating flow of money.

[0135] Based on the teachings and suggestions contained herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other similar functions may also be used within the scope of various embodiments of the invention.

[0136] Figure 1 An example environment 100 is shown that can be used with embodiments of this disclosure. In this example, a Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform (SCLOP) 102 can be used to centralize and synchronize all maturity dates of various commercial, governmental, and financial transactions of at least a subset of the economy. As will be described herein, SCLOP 102 can implement one or more modules or algorithms to calculate the present value of all transactions and settle these transactions in cash or equivalent accounting entries. Systems and methods can be targeted at one or more applications, such as those that execute on a processor on one or more client devices according to instructions stored in memory, to provide transaction support, management, maintenance, and centralization. As discussed herein, various features of SCLOP 102 can be executed in response to user-provided permissions, such as permissions to access financial accounting software, banking information, and / or similar information.

[0137] As discussed herein, SCLOP 102 can be used to provide immediate, short-term liquidity, which can be low-cost or cost-free (e.g., interest-free or substantially interest-free), and can be established by one or more administrators, such as those associated with government and / or banking systems. In operation, SCLOP 102 can be used to monitor transactions within one or more supply chains, which can further comprise different sectors of the economy in which entities buy and sell credit.

[0138] In operation, one or more clients 104A-104N (e.g., users) can submit requests through one or more networks 106 to access and / or use features associated with SCLOP 102. Clients 104A-104N can be represented by one or more client devices (e.g., client computing devices) that act as agents for clients / users, issuing requests in response to one or more input commands. Furthermore, clients can use the device to navigate to one or more applications or access points to submit requests, among other options. As another example, requests can be sent as part of automated or semi-automated workflows, which may or may not receive user interaction. Therefore, one or more client computing devices associated with clients 104A-104N can be used in conjunction with direct input from one or more users, stored software instructions, execution of various workflows, or combinations thereof. For example, one type of request from clients 104A-104N could be a user requesting to become a member of SCLOP 102. As another example, a request could include automatically uploading various accounts receivable (A / R) or accounts payable (A / P) information to SCLOP 102, for example, by a registered user. In another example, a request could include a client wishing to invest in or otherwise provide funds to SCLOP 102 and its users in exchange for a return, such as interest. As a non-limiting example, requests could also include accounting requests to verify transactions, assess the assets of different users, and / or similar circumstances. Therefore, the system and methods can facilitate a variety of automated, manual, or combined requests.

[0139] Network 106 may include any suitable network, such as the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a cellular network, Ethernet, or other such wired and / or wireless networks. Furthermore, SCLOP 102 may be associated with various resource provider environments, such as environments providing distributed computing services, which may include any suitable resources for providing content and / or services, and may include various servers, data storage devices, and other such components. In various embodiments, the client device may be any suitable computing or processing device and may include desktop or laptop computers, smartphones, tablets, wearable computers (i.e., smartwatches, glasses, or contact lenses), set-top boxes, kiosks, interactive displays, or other such systems or devices.

[0140] One or more requests can be submitted via network 106 to be received at SCLOP 102, for example, at an interface layer that can be used as a login page or application programming interface (API) to access different resources and / or content elements. User credentials can be checked before granting access to content or resources within SCLOP 102, for example, using one or more user data stores 108 that can store user information for a given service associated with SCLOP 102. Credentials can be authenticated using one or more authentication services, which are not described or discussed in this document for clarity. Various services can also be provided for registering and authenticating users, such as onboarding module 110, to collect information about potential participants in SCLOP 102 (and related supply chain theory transactions).

[0141] Onboarding Module 110 offers a comprehensive Know Your Customer (KYC) program, where the Supply Chain Liquidity Trust (SCLT) requires all companies and individuals wishing to participate in SCLOP 102 to complete an onboarding questionnaire. Due to the velocity of money circulating within the supply chain, the questionnaire can help other entities (e.g., government entities, lenders, investors, etc.) use artificial intelligence to better understand the impact they will have on the supply chain and the economy as a whole by providing liquidity or lending to specific companies that dominate or act as bottlenecks in the supply chain. Various implementations can also (with permission) interconnect with data from various other agencies (e.g., the Department of Labor, tax authorities, the Department of Commerce, etc.) to provide near real-time (e.g., without significant delays) information on key economic data such as employment, taxes, new company formation, etc. This information can also assist central banks in managing the economy more effectively. In at least one implementation, the onboarding module 110 can be used to obtain general and financial information collected through onboarding questionnaires completed at the SCLT regarding reputable bottleneck companies willing to participate, and provide this information to all competing financial institutions (including Supply Chain Liquidity Economics Theory (LSCET) banks and institutional investors) to allow these institutions to offer them their best conventional lending options to achieve positive working capital in exchange for fees paid to the SCLOP. Furthermore, the onboarding module 110 can be used to verify the identity of potential participants and to associate and / or link different accounts, such as bank accounts, accounting software, etc. Additionally, as discussed herein, the information obtained by the onboarding module 110 and / or from it can be used for bottleneck identification. For example, a bottleneck company might refer to a company with negative working capital, which could impede the flow of money across various supply chains. Information associated with the onboarding module 110 can be used to assess bottleneck companies for targeted interventions, such as providing loans to companies associated with the highest velocity of money circulation across various supply chains.

[0142] The trading manager 112 can be used to monitor and control trading inputs provided to the SCLOP 102, such as notifications of new A / R and / or A / P, notifications of payments in progress, notifications of new investors at various levels, and / or similar situations. The trading manager 112 can be implemented as one or more APIs or web services, and / or can serve as a login page for clients interacting with the SCLOP 102. For example, the trading manager 112 can receive input, determine one or more parameters of the input, and then route and / or execute different operations based on one or more parameters.

[0143] In this example, different data storage devices 114 and 116 can be established to track and store information in an easily accessible format. For example, data storage devices 114 and 116 can be associated with A / R and A / P respectively, enabling SCLOP 102 to centralize and synchronize the maturity dates of various financial transactions. As a non-limiting example, in operation, SCLOP 102 can centralize and synchronize the maturity dates of all A / Rs (including bank interest income, tax credits, etc.) and all A / Ps (including interest expenses and debts to banks, tax payments to governments, etc.) of participants in the economy and / or SCLOP 102. SCLOP 102 can acquire and use electronic invoices from participants (such as national or global economies) to determine who buys or borrows from whom on credit, and who sells or lends on credit, thereby establishing different supply chains in the economy. Data storage devices 114 and 116 may also store additional information to facilitate such identification, which may include, but is not limited to, the unique ID of the local or foreign company purchasing goods or services on credit; the unique ID of the local or foreign company selling goods or services on credit; the invoice or credit note number for each electronic transaction; the invoice or credit note date for each electronic transaction; the total amount of the invoice or credit note for each electronic transaction; the total tax amount of the invoice or credit note for each electronic transaction; and / or the payment date or credit days for each electronic transaction. In one or more embodiments, the electronic invoice is used to track or otherwise collect information, which may then be stored in one or more databases. Software systems may be built to communicate with a national tax authority and / or with one or more intermediaries. This information may be provided directly by the company that generates the invoice / credit note or by a third party representing the company, such as an electronic invoice processor or a government agency. The information is stored in the database so that the SCLO algorithm can process it.

[0144] Various implementations may also include an authentication module 118, in which the debtor of the A / R pays an agreement irrevocably and in full on a specific due date, without any deductions, in the event of the debtor's default. In at least one implementation, enforcement means that the SCLT is not only pre-authorized to debit the debtor's checking account on due date, but also pre-authorized to seize any assets owned by the debtor after the specified period (such as the due date) has elapsed, in the event that the debtor has not made payment to the SCLT, without needing to prove the debtor's debt in court. Thus, the authentication module 118 can be used to identify and confirm appropriate assets to support the owed certified A / R. In operation, suppliers may upload their electronic invoices or, if they do not have electronic invoices, send their physical invoices to the platform provider. In the latter case, the platform provider scans an image of the physical invoice and uploads it to SCLOP 102 so that the debtor can view and authenticate them in SCLOP 102. The physical invoices may be kept by the SCLT. Once the debtor has certified the A / R and SCLT confirms receipt of the physical or electronic invoice, SCLOP 102 makes the certified A / R available to investors, offering it at a discount to those with the lowest annual interest rate. The certification module 118 serves as a gating mechanism, as uncertified A / Rs may not be available to investors within SCLOP 102.

[0145] Various implementation schemes may also include an annual interest rate generation module 120, which can be used to determine different annual interest rates at different levels associated with SCLOP 102. The annual interest rate generation module 120 can implement the annual interest rates for each level in a variety of different methods, such as having the rate determined and set by the administrator, setting the rate based on transaction size, implementing a market where users can bid on the rate, and / or similar methods. For example, the platform administrator can decide what annual interest rate to charge each vendor individually. This can be an adjustable amount that the platform administrator can adjust to encourage or discourage participation. For example, the interest rate (e.g., return) may initially be high to encourage investor participation. Then, once investors are satisfied with the platform and recognize a reduction in risk associated with using the platform, the return can be reduced to confirm the reduction in risk associated with the platform. In another example, the annual interest rate can be based on the attributes of different transactions. For example, transaction size, industry, supply chain, physical or speculative economy, etc., can be used to set different interest rates. Furthermore, interest rates can be charged proportionally across the platform so that each vendor has the same annual interest rate. In such an implementation, the annual interest rate paid by each supplier is significantly lower than the annual interest rate paid if a Tier 1 supplier were to act alone, because the interest expense incurred by a Tier 1 supplier is paid proportionally by all companies and individuals participating in the supply chain. As mentioned above, the annual interest rate can be adjusted by the administrator, or it can be automatically adjusted based on the attributes of different transactions, and in some implementations, it can change dynamically over a period of time. In another implementation, the platform administrator can integrate other variables to target specific companies and individuals. For example, the government could stipulate that local companies with annual sales of $1 million or less will not pay interest on liquidity they receive, or that local companies and individuals investing in the real economy (such as purchasing newly built homes, apartments, or office space) within the next 12 months will not pay interest for the first 5 years. SCLOP allows governments or central banks to better control one or more macroeconomic variables in the real and speculative economies (e.g., five discussed here as non-restrictive examples: the velocity of money in the supply chain, the marginal quantity of money, the marginal lending rate, the circulating flow of money in the supply chain, and inflation) without the intervention of banking intermediaries.

[0146] In this example, the identification module 122 may use artificial intelligence to implement one or more algorithms to identify bottleneck entities, private or government entities that dominate supply chains with the highest velocity of money circulation, entities associated with different products or services, entities experiencing financial difficulties, solvent entities, and / or similar entities. In this way, the identification module 122 can be used as a tool to identify inefficiencies and / or efficiencies within the platform, which can be used to direct additional resources to those identified entities. For example, a government or central bank could stipulate that local and international companies and individuals participating in the liquidity ecosystem to build major infrastructure government projects will not pay interest expenses when discounting certified A / Rs related to their projects, thereby minimizing total costs.

[0147] For example, identification module 122 may include one or more algorithms to determine bottleneck entities (e.g., companies or individuals), as used herein, which refers to entities with negative working capital. In other words, a bottleneck entity may be an entity whose A / P balance is higher than its A / R and cash balance, or an entity whose A / R balance is higher than its A / P balance but whose A / R balance is long overdue and therefore unable to pay its suppliers, thus hindering the flow of money throughout the supply chain. The determination of bottleneck entities may be based on one or more comparisons of information, such as A / R or A / P, and may also be weighted by industry, entity type, entity or speculative economy, and / or similar factors. For example, some industries may be known to have long payment cycles, and therefore entities within these industries may have different weights than entities within industries with shorter payment cycles. Furthermore, the size of the entity can also be used for trade-off assessment when determining whether an entity is a bottleneck entity. The algorithm can further identify which bottleneck entities have the highest velocity of money in the supply chain so that conventional loans to them can have the greatest total liquidity effect on the economy at a 0% marginal annual lending rate, providing near-free liquidity to all participants without increasing the money supply, total debt, and interest expenses. The system and method disclosed herein can also provide general and financial information on the fees collected by participating reputable bottleneck entities through an onboarding questionnaire completed by the SCLT, to all competing financial institutions (including LSCET banks and institutional investors), so that these financial institutions can provide them with their best conventional lending options to achieve positive working capital in exchange for fees paid to the SCLOP.

[0148] As another example, implementation of identification module 122 can be used to identify entities with high money velocity, such as those within their supply chains. Identification of such entities can be used to recognize which entities provide the greatest potential liquidity impact. For example, an implementation could implement an algorithm that identifies the money velocity of each private or public entity (debtor) dominating the supply chain. By providing liquidity to these entities, the central bank can have the greatest impact on the economy because the same initial money supply is reused multiple times throughout the supply chain, paying higher amounts of certified A / R without incurring debt or additional interest expenses. Therefore, the central bank can easily determine which entities to lend to or provide liquidity to to maximize the impact on desired variables by combining aggregated and anonymized individual socioeconomic data with each entity's money velocity. In at least one implementation, this information can be combined with additional data, such as the number of employees at each entity in the supply chain, allowing the government or central bank to achieve specific socioeconomic objectives. For example, if the objective is to maximize employment, preferential interest-free liquidity can be provided to the entities and supply chains that employ the most workers. Or it can be provided to companies facing financial difficulties to prevent them from going bankrupt and to maintain employment.

[0149] As another implementation example of identification module 122, it can be used to identify products and services offered by different entities using SCLOP. For example, when affiliated with a local SCLOP, each entity may be required to disclose the products and / or services they offer. This data will be in the form of international standard codes (such as UN codes) to facilitate searching via these codes, keywords, barcodes, HMI codes, etc. In this way, entities seeking new local and / or international suppliers and / or customers can easily search and quickly identify a list of entities to which they wish to sell and / or from which they wish to purchase, in order to interconnect with existing supply chains and take advantage of their low cost of capital without debt and bank intermediaries. In other words, platform members can prioritize doing business with other members of the platform to achieve the various economic benefits described herein, while helping to reduce the annual interest rates for all companies participating in the supply chains they add. In some implementations, entities can be encouraged to integrate SCLOP into their local systems (e.g., ERPs and barcodes) to facilitate the automation of buying and selling within the SCLOP liquidity ecosystem.

[0150] As another example, implementation of identification module 122 can be used to identify entities experiencing financial difficulties. Early identification of these entities can encourage parties to provide assistance before dissolution. In at least one implementation, the systems and methods associated with SCLOP 102 can be used to determine which entities do not have sufficient or certified A / Rs to sell at a discount to pay for their multiple A / Ps. Governments and / or various investors can provide services (if, for example, SCLOP also has information on its bank debt and bank account balances) such as: i) identifying individuals in extreme poverty; ii) identifying companies on the verge of bankruptcy; iii) identifying consolidation loan opportunities for companies and individuals to minimize interest expense, minimize costs, and reduce monthly installments to improve cash flow; and iv) identifying new customers and suppliers to help increase sales and reduce procurement costs. As noted herein, individual entities participating in SCLOP may need to provide information for initiation purposes, such as as part of initiation module 110. This information can be combined with socioeconomic data to alleviate extreme poverty in specific economic sectors. For example, questionnaires can provide an understanding of variables associated with different entities (e.g., number of employees, total wages and average wages, percentage of total wages used to repay financial obligations, net wages / total wages, percentage of women versus men, rural versus urban, geographic location, age, employees who save a portion of their wages through direct wage discounts, length of service with the employing company, and whether they are full-time or part-time). These variables can be anonymized and aggregated for identity protection purposes. Therefore, the government or SCLOP administrator can then implement different services based on the identified entities. For example, services that can be provided include identifying and matching entities in need of employees with unemployed individuals. For instance, entities that are developing and / or recruiting can be alerted to potential unemployed individuals. Furthermore, systems and methods can be used to identify distressed communities to create a cooperative that allows members to collectively pool their purchasing power to try to obtain better pricing and / or consolidate commodity production at lower prices and / or maximize their efficiency through economies of scale. Additionally, identification information can be used to allocate and define different subsidies.

[0151] As another example, the implementation of identification module 122 can be used to identify solvent bottleneck entities and provide funding to alleviate bottlenecks. For example, SCLOP (e.g., its system and methods) can be used to identify creditworthy, solvent companies whose certified A / P balances exceed their certified A / R balances and cash. In other words, these identified entities will be unable to pay their suppliers with the proceeds from their discounted certified A / Rs and cash on hand, even though they are solvent companies. If an entity cannot obtain bank financing, it cannot be considered a subordinate debtor and cannot pay its suppliers along the supply chain. This entity will be a bottleneck, and the only way to obtain liquidity is to become part of the supply chain in which its customers pay it via SCLO or net settlement. The system and methods can be used to identify these creditworthy bottleneck entities that have short- or medium-term loan credits from various financial institutions (e.g., LSCET Bank (or only from the central bank)) to pay their suppliers short-term A / Ps, thereby obtaining positive working capital, increasing the velocity of money, and assisting other suppliers further downstream in the supply chain to collect their certified A / Rs. Under this implementation scheme, the solvent bottleneck company that obtains bank financing acts as the subordinated debtor, and although the solvent bottleneck company incurs bank debt, interest expenses are minimized because the interest earned by the bank is paid proportionally by the subordinated debtor and the companies and individuals participating in the supply chain. One advantage of this approach is that lending financial institutions obtain payment guarantees from the solvent bottleneck entity (subordinated debtor) through SCLOP. This includes allowing payments to be received at any time through net settlement of certified A / Rs and certified A / Ps, and the option to collect payments from future discounted certified A / Rs to cover monthly loan installments. By providing conventional financing to subordinated debtors to settle their outstanding A / P balances, the velocity of money in the economy can be further accelerated while reducing overall debt levels and interest expenses. Furthermore, the longer the supply chain, the lower the annual interest rate each participating company needs to pay, thereby improving affordability and financial inclusion across the economy.

[0152] Various implementation schemes can also deploy a module to perform Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization (SCLO)124. For example, an algorithm can be implemented to maximize the velocity of money circulation to double the initial money supply across the supply chain without causing inflation, as the same amount of money flows down to all suppliers in the supply chain. SCLO must be executed frequently (e.g., daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, etc.) or as needed. One or more factors can be used to determine whether to implement SCLO, such as the desired velocity of money circulation, the desired nominal gross domestic product (GDP), the desired inflation target rate, the desired marginal interest rate, etc. With SCLO operating on SCLOP 102, central banks can adjust the following macroeconomic variables across different supply chains, economic sectors, and the real and speculative economies: the velocity of money circulation in the supply chain, the marginal money quantity, the marginal lending rate, the money circulation flow in the supply chain, and inflation.

[0153] SCLOP 102 can be used to provide one or more instruments to facilitate control and / or regulation of one or more transactions and / or the money supply in the economy. For example, SCLOP 102 can be used to operate and / or implement one or more other services, or to provide a localized area for implementing functions associated with economic regulation and control. In one or more implementations, SCLOP 102 and / or its instruments can centralize and synchronize all credit e-invoices, accounts payable (A / P, including debt to financial institutions) balances, accounts receivable (A / R, including demand and time deposits, investments, and government tax credits and subsidies) balances, and due dates of receipts and payments throughout the economy. Centralizing and synchronizing the payment schedules of all certified A / Rs in the economy increases the velocity of money circulation in the supply chain. This allows governments or central banks to achieve their nominal GDP targets with less money in circulation, thereby reducing reliance on short-term bank debt and its associated interest payments. With SCLOP, governments or central banks can better control inflation. In some implementations, SCLOP 102 can access information from various parts of the economy, including, as a non-limiting example, commercial, governmental, and financial transactions in the economy in electronic format involving government entities, companies, and individuals. Thus, SCLOP 102 can act as a central repository recording who sells to whom, who buys from whom, who owes whom how much and on what terms, and who lends to whom and who borrows from whom. In at least one implementation, SCLOP 102 allows for the electronic allocation of A / Rs to the SCLT, the certification of A / Rs by debtors, bidding among investors for certified A / Rs at a discount, the custody of negotiable physical or digital documents by the SCLT, and the corresponding ACH receipts and payments involved up to maturity, as will be discussed in more detail herein.

[0154] SCLOP 102 can also be implemented to calculate and / or execute one or more payment controls or modifications, such as offering immediate payment discounts to suppliers. Under LSCET, traditional A / R financing transactions between suppliers of large investment-grade companies or government entities (debtors) and banks or factoring companies are transformed into short-term fixed-income investment instruments guaranteed by these debtors. By allowing suppliers to sell their certified A / Rs to investors at a discount (immediate payment discount) through SCLOP, SCLOP centralizes and synchronizes all maturity dates of receipts and payments in the supply chain. This is selling assets at a discount, not financing. In this way, suppliers sell their certified A / Rs at a discount to obtain liquidity without needing loan approval from a bank's credit committee, with no debt and low interest expenses. In the supply chain, each company is both a debtor to its suppliers and a supplier to its customers. All suppliers in the supply chain that have customer-certified A / Rs can sell these A / Rs to investors at a discount through SCLOP, thereby obtaining near-free liquidity. This occurs without incurring debt, without the involvement of banks, and regardless of the supplier's credit risk.

[0155] SCLOP 102 can also be used to provide investors with guaranteed payments, for example, by implementing different certification and payment processes. LSCET offers investors higher returns at the same level of risk compared to other short-term fixed-income investment alternatives. Risk is minimized because it is typically guaranteed by investment-grade debtors or government entities. Furthermore, there are often credit enhancement mechanisms in the form of international investment-grade credit insurance companies, which, as a non-restrictive example, typically pay 90% of the certified amount within 60 days if the debtor fails to pay on the due date. However, it should be understood that different terms may be proposed within the scope and content of this disclosure. SCLOP 102 can be used to manage debt certification and registration with credit insurance companies. Under LSCET banking, deposits are linked to specific debtors to reduce risk, while the velocity of money circulation in the supply chain allows these deposits to obtain higher annual returns than usual with minimal risk, as the required initial money supply is much lower than in traditional fractional-reserve banking.

[0156] As discussed in this paper, the SCLO module 124 can be implemented as one or more algorithms to maximize the velocity of money circulation, multiplying the initial money supply across the supply chain without causing inflation, as the same money circulates downwards to all suppliers in the supply chain. SCLOs must be executed frequently, such as daily, weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly. The higher the desired velocity of money circulation, the less frequently SCLOs may need to be executed. With SCLOs running on SCLOP 102, governments or central banks can regulate the velocity of money circulation, marginal money quantity, marginal lending rates, money circulation flows within supply chains, and inflation across different supply chains, economic sectors, and the real and speculative economies.

[0157] One or more implementations of SCLOP 102 may also include algorithms for netting certified A / P and A / R. For example, one or more algorithms may be applicable to all A / Rs certified by all debtors, regardless of their credit risk. One or more implementations can be used to minimize the outstanding balance of certified A / P and A / R in the economy using only accounting entries, without any actual monetary flow. It can be used to collect long-overdue A / Rs and A / Ps, particularly those incurring interest expenses. Through netting algorithms, SCLOP can optimize cash flow and profitability across the economy. For example, netting of A / P and A / R can be implemented every six months.

[0158] As discussed herein, one or more implementations may also include systems and methods for identifying bottleneck companies, which can provide insights into companies that impede the flow of money in the supply chain. In at least one implementation, a bottleneck company is defined as a company with negative working capital (e.g., an A / P balance greater than both the A / R balance and the cash balance). Furthermore, entities with long-term overdue A / Rs, even if their A / R balance is greater than their A / P balance, may also be considered bottleneck companies because even if these companies have sufficient funds on paper, they may be unable to pay their suppliers, thus hindering the flow of money throughout the supply chain. In at least one implementation, negative working capital can be calculated as A / P > A / R. Additionally, the implementation may specify long-term overdue amounts (e.g., A / Rs not certified by the debtor and therefore not collectable within the next 30 days, and therefore not discountable to cash). Alternatively, they may be certified but only used for netting, as customers lack the liquidity to actually pay. The system and methodology can further identify which bottleneck companies have the highest velocity of money in the supply chain, making it possible to provide them with conventional loans that would have the greatest aggregate liquidity effect on the economy at a marginal annual lending rate of 0%, providing near-free liquidity to all participants without increasing the money supply, total debt, and interest expenses. Since the implementation can utilize electronic A / R and A / P, the system and methodology can identify bottleneck companies, at least in part, based on their ability to pay their suppliers. Assume the supply chain becomes two or more layers deep (e.g., with a higher velocity of money in the supply chain). In this case, the interest expenses incurred by the bottleneck company are shared with other companies below it in the supply chain, thus lowering the aggregate annual interest rate for everyone. These bottleneck companies effectively act as subordinate debtors. The longer the supply chain, the lower the annual interest rate for all participating companies and individuals. The extension of the supply chain by bottleneck companies helps SCLOP determine which bottleneck companies are worthy of conventional loans or net settlement.

[0159] In one or more implementation schemes, all companies and individuals involved in the supply chain can access liquidity without credit analysis and banking intermediaries. If a bottleneck company is creditworthy, it is referred to as a "creditworthy bottleneck company"; otherwise, it is referred to as a "dead-end bottleneck company".

[0160] Example

[0161] SCLOP 102 can also implement a rating system to facilitate business transactions between platform participants. For example, implementation plans could implement algorithms using artificial intelligence to minimize the risk of doing business with new customers and suppliers participating in the SCLOP and help increase transactions between them. As a non-limiting example, a first algorithm could be deployed to identify companies with negative and positive working capital and assign credit ratings based on the likelihood of direct, on-time payments. In at least one implementation plan, all, or substantially all, SCLOP participants would have credit ratings indicating the likelihood of receiving payments on time. This is similar to a traditional credit rating system, but it applies to all SCLOP participants. In this case, the risk rests with the company or individual, rather than the debtor dominating the supply chain. Further algorithms could be deployed to determine the likelihood of collecting A / R from each company. For example, the algorithm could indicate the likelihood of receiving payment from a company or individual in the SCLOP despite having negative working capital. In other words, through direct discounting or netting of certified A / Rs. The idea is that business transactions between them will not require bank financing and are virtually risk-free because SCLOs and netting minimize collection risk. This algorithm facilitates new business opportunities between previously unrelated local and international companies and individuals. One or more other algorithms can also be deployed to identify companies with the highest velocity of money to generate the greatest economic impact. For example, one or more algorithms can identify the velocity of money for each company in a supply chain. As discussed in this paper, the longer the supply chain, the higher the velocity of money, and the lower the annual interest rate for all companies and individuals participating in the supply chain. Other factors contributing to high velocity of money include: the less cash a company holds for itself (e.g., the more it pays its suppliers, the higher the velocity of money); if a company chooses to earn certification bonuses rather than extended days of free credit, the higher the velocity of money; the shorter the standard credit term, the higher the velocity of money; and the lower the commissions and taxes involved, the more cash available to pay suppliers, and therefore the higher the velocity of money. By providing liquidity to these companies, central banks can have the greatest impact on the economy because the same money supply is reused multiple times throughout the supply chain without incurring debt or interest expenses. One or more implementations can use this platform and, in some examples, use additional information (e.g., number of employees) to achieve specific socioeconomic objectives. For example, if the objective is to maximize employment, then priority liquidity can be provided to the companies and supply chains that employ the most workers. Alternatively, it could be provided to companies facing financial difficulties to prevent them from going bankrupt and thus preserve jobs.

[0162] The system and methodology can also be used to proactively identify companies or individuals experiencing financial difficulties and then take proactive action. For example, SCLOP 102 can identify which businesses and individuals lack sufficient or certified A / Rs to sell at a discount and pay their multiple A / Ps. If SCLOP also has information on its bank debt and bank account balances, the government can provide services such as: identifying people in extreme poverty; identifying companies on the verge of bankruptcy; identifying consolidated loan opportunities for companies and individuals to minimize interest expenses, minimize costs, and reduce monthly installments to improve cash flow; and / or identifying new customers and suppliers to help increase sales and reduce procurement costs. Participants can provide information for registration questionnaires that can be used to understand the socioeconomic variables of their employees and customers, such as number of employees, total wages and average wages, percentage of total wages used to repay loans, net wages / total wages, percentage of women versus men, percentage of rural versus urban residents, geographic location, age, employees who save a portion of their wages through direct wage discounts, length of service with the company, and whether they are full-time or part-time. In addition to being aggregated, this information can also be presented on a personal but anonymous basis. Therefore, governments or other entities can use SCLOP 102 to provide services to reduce extreme poverty and help companies on the verge of bankruptcy, such as identifying developing companies to alert unemployed individuals to potential matching; helping companies and individuals in impoverished communities create a cooperative to pool their purchasing power to obtain lower prices, thereby minimizing their A / P or pooling together to produce goods or services more efficiently and obtain higher prices, thereby maximizing their A / R; if it also has access to bank and credit card debt, advising companies and individuals to consolidate loans to minimize total interest expense and monthly loan installments; and / or to allocate and regulate recurring subsidies more efficiently.

[0163] The implementation scheme disclosed herein can also be used to control and / or manage certain macroeconomic variables of the economy, such as marginal money supply, velocity of money in different supply chains, marginal lending rates, money circulation flows in supply chains, and inflation. For example, SCLOP administrators have greater flexibility in implementing desired monetary policies for each different supply chain and / or economic sector. In direct contrast to how central banks influence the money supply across the economy through banking intermediaries, with SCLOP, central banks can target desired money supplies to different sectors of the real economy while ensuring that less money is used for speculative activities without banking intermediaries. To this end, SCLOP administrators can increase or decrease the number of companies or individuals participating in the supply chain, the amount of money passed down, and the amount of cash held by each individual, including or excluding companies with high or low velocity of money, high or low circulating supply chain cash flow capabilities, etc. As another example of controlling the velocity of money, SCLOP administrators can accelerate or slow it down by executing SCLOs and net settlements more or less frequently, respectively. Higher velocity of money requires a smaller money supply to achieve nominal GDP targets. This has a direct impact on the total debt incurred by governments, companies, and individuals in the economy, as they can complete short-term transactions more quickly and increase economic activity without getting bogged down in debt, while significantly reducing total short-term interest payments in the economy. Furthermore, SCLOP administrators can increase or decrease the velocity of money by providing liquidity to companies with high money velocity or bottleneck companies, and by limiting the percentage of total money that can be passed down to other companies, or by limiting the number of companies in the supply chain, or by allowing or restricting the participation of companies with the ability to circulate supply chain funds, thereby further increasing or decreasing other controlled macroeconomic variables. Additionally, SCLOP administrators can increase or decrease the proportion of money held as currency in the supply chain. Since it is the same currency that is paid and circulates down the supply chain, rather than new money created by banks when lending to each participant in the supply chain, the amount of money passed down is reduced by fees and their corresponding sales taxes (if any, and whenever a company prefers to retain a portion of the amount received from selling its certified A / R at a discount as cash).

[0164] The systems and methods disclosed herein can also implement monitoring and automation techniques to facilitate supply chain management. For example, because SCLOP possesses total data on A / R and A / P balances in the economy, including debt owed to financial institutions and taxes owed to government entities, it can perform various optimizations. As one example, the systems and methods can monitor companies / individuals with negative working capital and automatically offer them traditional loan options from affiliated financial institutions. As another example, the systems and methods can monitor companies / individuals owing taxes to government entities and automatically collect from the proceeds of discounted sales of certified A / Rs or from the net settlement of A / P and A / R, minimizing tax evasion. As yet another example, by enabling the circulating flow of money within the supply chain, governments can optimize their cash flow and significantly reduce their need for external financing. The same funds collected can be recovered to pay Tier 1 suppliers, eliminating the need for new debt, avoiding interest expenses, and gaining free credit days. This approach provides liquidity to all participants in the supply chain, regardless of their credit risk, with minimal interest expenses and without reliance on bank intermediaries. As another example, systems and methods can monitor companies / individuals with positive working capital and automatically offer them investment options to make use of excess funds, such as within SCLOP 102.

[0165] Figure 2A A graphical representation 200 of the traditional central bank model for bringing liquidity to the economy is shown. In this example, different nodes 202 are shown in the model to represent the different parties that may be involved in a single transaction. For example, firm 202A may have multiple suppliers 202B and / or customers 202C with different payment terms, which may result in a lack of working capital while awaiting payment and involve bringing in banks 202D or other lenders to provide short-term loans to cover working capital needs. As discussed herein, this system is inefficient and typically leads to increased debt, interest expenses, and complexity for entities. For example, firm 202A will need to track A / R, A / P, and their respective maturity dates separately to determine if there are sufficient funds (e.g., from A / R) to pay A / P on time. If not, firm 202A may need to apply directly to one or more banks 202D for working capital credit lines or loans. As profit-maximizing organizations, banks (202D) have no incentive to offer the lowest interest rates to companies (202A). Furthermore, if a company (202A) is deemed uncreditworthy, it may be completely denied a loan even if it is solvent and liquid. The implementation scheme disclosed herein addresses and overcomes these various problems and inefficiencies by using SCLOP.

[0166] As shown in the diagram, individual borrowing entities must go through intermediaries (e.g., banks, credit unions, etc.) to increase their working capital because they must collect payments from customers before they can pay suppliers. This is caused by the centralization of all A / R and A / P transactions in the economy and the lack of synchronized maturity. Financial intermediaries can then apply their credit committee standards and biases to determine who deserves credit, regulate cash flows, limit risk, and maximize profits. Intermediaries can set different credit checks to prevent borrowing entities from entering the financial markets. If they are not adequately compensated (e.g., by high interest rates), intermediaries may reject credit requests due to the borrowing entity's credit risk.

[0167] The systems and methods disclosed herein can be used to address and overcome problems related to economic expansion and inflation control by incorporating SCLOP. Figure 2B and 2C Example flowcharts 220A, 220B, 260A, and 260B compare traditional central banking operations with SCLOP. As shown in diagrams 220A and 220B, the central bank can use the first process 220A to expand the economy, while simultaneously using the second process 220B to control inflation. The central bank / Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) 206 can decide to purchase U.S. Treasury securities from primary dealers 222 to increase reserves in the banking system 224, thereby lowering the federal funds rate 226 and making capital more readily available (e.g., lower borrowing costs). Commercial banks 208, now able to obtain funds to lend at lower interest rates, can provide loans to clients in the real economy 210 or speculative economy 212 to fuel expansion (e.g., in the economy / employment 228 or the housing / stock market 230), thus creating what is commonly referred to as a "boom" cycle.

[0168] An increase in the money supply can lead to inflation, which the central bank 206 may attempt to control using a second process 220B. In this process, the central bank / FOMC 206 may decide to sell U.S. Treasury securities to primary dealers 242 to reduce reserves in the banking system 244, thereby raising the federal funds rate 246 and making capital more difficult to obtain (e.g., higher borrowing costs). Commercial banks 208 respond to changes in the federal funds rate and may subsequently alter their behavior as it becomes more expensive for them 208 to obtain funds from the government for lending. As a result, borrowing may become more expensive for customers in both the real economy 210 and speculative 212 sectors, driving an economic contraction 248 or a housing / stock market crash 250, commonly referred to as a "depression" cycle.

[0169] In the traditional fractional-reserve banking system, financial intermediaries can obtain funds from one or more central banks, but operate on a decentralized collection and payment system with asynchronous maturities. Borrowing entities can obtain credit lines or loans from specific financial intermediaries, and theoretically, they could obtain better interest rates from those intermediaries if they knew different intermediaries were willing to lend them money. As discussed in this paper, this system significantly increases the debt level and interest payments across the economy, contributing to inflation, boom-bust cycles, unemployment, and other economic problems. Central banks could encourage lending by printing more money and providing it to financial intermediaries at low annual interest rates, hoping this would encourage them to lend more to companies and individuals in the real economy, thus increasing nominal GDP and employment. Instead, as occurred during the 2008 and 2020 financial crises, financial intermediaries often end up investing this cheap money in speculative sectors, hoping to maximize their profits and minimize their risks, further exacerbating income inequality without benefiting the real economy.

[0170] The implementation of this disclosure addresses and overcomes these problems and others by using the SCLOP discussed herein. Figure 2C This illustrates that SCLOP can use process 260A to expand the economy, while SCLOP can use process 260B to control inflation. The central bank 206, the SCLOP administrator, and / or the tax authorities can collect invoices for all credit transactions 262 and then provide them to SCLOP 102. For example, this information can be provided to government entities participating in the economy. SCLOP 102 can be used to centralize and synchronize the maturity dates of all credit transactions in the economy to determine who sold to whom and who bought from whom. For example, SCLOP can be used to centralize and synchronize all commercial, financial, and / or government credit transactions in the economy to determine certified A / Rs and A / Ps between participants to optimize liquidity in the supply chain with minimal debt and interest expenses, as discussed herein. As a result, an economic picture of actual transactions can be established. SCLOP can execute 266 on clients of the real economy 210 or the speculative economy 212 in each of the first and second processes 260A and 260B. As shown in the figure, SCLOP achieves various benefits and improvements in the first and second processes 260A and 260B 268 and 270.

[0171] For example, benefits associated with economic growth / expansion can include lowering / managing marginal interest rates, increasing / managing the marginal money supply, allowing / managing the circulation of money within supply chains, increasing / managing the velocity of money, and controlling / managing inflation. Similarly, benefits associated with controlling inflation can include increasing / managing marginal interest rates, lowering / managing the marginal money supply, allowing / managing the circulation of money within supply chains, and lowering / managing the velocity of money across different supply chains.

[0172] Implementations of this disclosure can be used to control one or more macroeconomic variables. As a non-limiting example, the systems and methods can be used to reduce / manage marginal interest rates, increase / manage marginal money supply, increase / manage the velocity of money, allow / manage the circulation of money in a supply chain, and / or control / manage inflation. For example, reducing / managing marginal interest rates can be controlled using implementations of this disclosure. Since the marginal annual interest rate for Tier 2 suppliers and above is 0%, the systems and methods can control the annual interest rate paid by specific Tier 2 and above suppliers by increasing or decreasing their annual interest rates. One or more implementations can enable an SCLOP administrator (such as a government entity) to define that a specific supplier or supply chain in an entity or speculative economy pays 0%, while others pay 5% (as an example). Implementations can also be used to control how much money is added or not added in the supply chain. For example, if the SCLOP administrator allows a higher or lower proportion of money to be held on hand or paid to suppliers. Implementations can also be used to control the velocity of money in the supply chains of entities and speculative economies. For example, the SCLOP administrator can restrict liquidity to specific supply chains or suppliers at specific tiers, or offer preferential SCLO and net settlement services only to micro and small companies, or to large bottleneck companies operating in supply chains with the highest money velocity and in industries with high unemployment or high idle capacity. Other implementation schemes can be used to control / manage the circulation of money within the supply chains of entities and speculative economies. For example, the SCLOP administrator can allow money to circulate to government entities to optimize their cash flow and minimize reliance on external financing. It can also limit the number of times money circulation can be implemented, or restrict participation to only local companies operating in the agricultural sector and disallow the circulation of money with participating international companies. It can also offer a 0% annual interest rate to companies or entities that allow money circulation within their supply chains, provided that the funds are paid to suppliers rather than held as cash by these companies or entities. Other implementation schemes can be used to control / manage inflation within the supply chains of entities and speculative economies. For example, the SCLOP administrator can reduce inflation within specific supply chains or entities or speculative economic sectors by adjusting key monetary variables. This might involve reducing the marginal money supply, increasing the marginal annual interest rate, and allowing money circulation. By simultaneously increasing the velocity of money circulation within these supply chains, participating companies can obtain liquidity without borrowing from banks, thereby preventing further expansion of the total money supply and alleviating inflationary pressures.

[0173] By providing a centralized and expiration-synchronized platform for electronic invoicing in the economy, the system and method disclosed herein solve and overcome the challenges of... Figure 2BThe system addresses the shortcomings shown. It can effectively control one or more macroeconomic variables in the economy in a more efficient, inexpensive, and equitable manner than current methods by reducing and / or eliminating bank intermediaries and providing improved liquidity to different entities in the economy. Figure 2CGraphical representations 260A and 260B illustrating the implementation of SCLOP 102 described herein are shown. Various implementations can use SCLOP 102 to implement one or more aspects of the Supply Chain Liquidity Economics (LSCET) theory to allow a centralized entity, including but not limited to central banks, government entities, authorized managers, etc., to monitor and control key macroeconomic indicators of the real and speculative (or non-real) economies through SCLT and SCLOP, without relying on banks as financial intermediaries for short-term liquidity to achieve economic growth, minimize debt, interest expenses, tax evasion, unemployment, economic crises caused by market bubbles and inflation, while increasing financial inclusion, aggregate demand, and living standards. By eliminating the need for financial intermediaries for short-term financing, the centralized entity can democratize money and make it available at low cost, debt-free, and with zero or very low interest expenses to anyone with an A / R certified by entities or individuals participating in these supply chains, instead of relying on banks to lend only to those who meet their credit committee requirements, offering vastly different annual interest rates based on their credit risk, and excluding most low-income groups and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises from access to bank credit, particularly in underdeveloped countries. The system and methodology eliminate the traditional approach where high-risk borrowing entities are required to pay higher costs, perpetuating lower profitability and higher debt-to-equity ratios that limit their ability to access additional loans and grow. SCLOP enables administrators to convert typical short-term A / R financing transactions (factoring or short-term bank credit lines) into short-term fixed-income investment transactions guaranteed (certified) by local investment-grade debtors or government entities that irrevocably agree to pay the certified amount to the SCLT on a fixed date. The risk for investors—those purchasing certified A / R—is not the credit risk of selling at a discount to its suppliers or employees, but rather the credit risk of the local investment-grade debtor or government entity guaranteeing payment of the certified A / R to the SCLT on a fixed date. Because the debtor guaranteeing the certified A / R has extremely low credit risk, all participants in the supply chain led by that debtor benefit from paying a fraction of the low annual interest rate. Therefore, using the implementation scheme disclosed herein, SCLOP administrators can control the velocity of money, the circulating flow of money in supply chains, the marginal money supply, and the target marginal lending rate for different supply chains of specific local or international companies (including financial institutions and their employees) that are involved in credit trading in target economic sectors of the real and speculative economies and are part of specific supply chains, in order to achieve desired nominal GDP. In this way, controlling inflation is easier, as the marginal lending rate can even be set to 0% per annum. Simultaneously, specific inflation rates can be set for specific companies and specific supply chains in specific industries within the real and speculative economies, regardless of their credit risk and the overall current inflation rate.

[0174] Figure 2D A schematic diagram 280 illustrates an implementation scheme of SCLOP 102 implemented with investment-grade debtor 282. As shown in this example, the implementation scheme provides investment-grade debtor 282 as the initial investor utilizing SCLOP 102. As described herein, investment-grade debtor 282 can be a government entity, a corporate entity, a private entity, or various combinations thereof. For example, investment-grade debtor 282 could be the government of the economy in which SCLOP 102 is implemented, or it could be a sovereign wealth fund willing to invest in another economy, among other options. In this example, manager 284 could be an authorized entity overseeing SCLOP 102, such as a government entity or an entity authorized by a government or central bank to implement SCLOP 102. Manager 284 can then facilitate the allocation of funds to suppliers at different levels along the supply chain. Certified A / Rs from Tier 1 suppliers are sold to investors at a discount, and the funds are deposited into the SCLT (which can be managed by SCLOP manager 284). As a result, funds move rapidly between suppliers at different levels within the system. As described in this article, SCLOP centralizes and synchronizes the collection and payment times of all certified A / Rs and A / Ps across local and international supply chains. This significantly improves the velocity of money circulation without causing inflation, as the same initial money supply (provided by debtors or investors purchasing discounted certified A / Rs) is reused to pay certified A / Ps throughout the supply chain. This process provides affordable liquidity to virtually any business or individual engaging in credit transactions, eliminating the need for short-term bank debt, lines of credit, and reducing most short-term interest expenses without bank intermediaries. Companies selling in cash can also join SCLOP. Instead of paying interest or fees, they will receive additional credit days (as an unrestricted example, 15 days) to pay their certified accounts payable as a reward for keeping funds flowing throughout the supply chain. However, cash-selling companies that choose not to participate act as a bottleneck, preventing funds from flowing through their supply chains.

[0175] In this example, a series of Tier 1 (e.g., Tier 1) suppliers 286 (shown as 286A and 286B in this non-restrictive example, as there can be any number of Tier 1 suppliers 286) certify the A / Rs of Tier 2 (e.g., Tier 2) suppliers 288 (shown as 288A-1, 288A-2, 288B-1, and 288B-2, again a non-restrictive example, as there can be any number of Tier 2 suppliers 288), and they also sell them at a discounted price. Since the funds paid to Tier 2 suppliers 288 come from the same funds received by Tier 1 suppliers 286, there is no additional debt or funding cost. In other words, the marginal annual interest rate from Tier 2 suppliers 288 and beyond is effectively 0%. Additional tiers of suppliers (not shown) can also be added to the process to handle different A / Rs and A / Ps throughout the supply chain.

[0176] As an example, since the marginal lending rate from Tier 2 suppliers and beyond is 0%, there may be two options.

[0177] 1) An annual interest rate is charged to suppliers at Tier 2 and beyond. Interest income is shared among investors, the debtor leading the supply chain, direct debtors (e.g., Tier 1 suppliers are direct debtors of Tier 2 suppliers, Tier 2 suppliers are direct debtors of Tier 3 suppliers, and so on), and possibly the SCLOP if set up by the SCLOP administrator (usually the government). This approach reduces net interest expense for all direct debtors, increases investor income, and enhances the certification bonus or extended credit period for the debtor leading the supply chain. Under this model, companies in the supply chain may pay different annual interest rates. Changes may include adjusting the credit multiplier for each supplier tier or increasing it as the supply chain extends. For example, if the credit multiplier for Tier 1 suppliers is 1.50 (e.g., a debtor paying in 90 days now pays in 135 days: 90 × 1.50 = 135 days), the multiplier for Tier 2 suppliers might rise to 1.55, the multiplier for Tier 3 suppliers might rise to 1.55, and so on. With each new supplier tier added, this increases the total free credit days or certification bonus for the debtor. Similarly, SCLOP administrators can implement a compensation structure for investors, in which they earn progressively increasing annual interest rates: for example, 5.00% for Tier 1 suppliers, 5.25% for Tier 2 suppliers, 5.50% for Tier 3 suppliers, and so on. This incentivizes participation and aligns interests across the entire supply chain.

[0178] 2) Interest charged to Tier 1 suppliers through immediate payment discounts is shared by all participants in the supply chain, including Tier 1 suppliers. As more companies participate, each company's interest expense decreases, resulting in a lower annual interest rate for everyone. This approach ensures that each company in the supply chain pays a significantly lower annual interest rate than that charged to Tier 1 suppliers. Simultaneously, the debtor leading the supply chain benefits from certification bonuses based on the Tier 1 supplier credit multiplier or extended credit terms, while investors only earn interest from the annual interest rate applicable to certified A / Rs used to purchase Tier 1 suppliers at a discount. In this model, all savings are distributed throughout the supply chain, enabling all participants to access the same low annual interest rate, regardless of their size or credit risk, without the need for bank intermediaries.

[0179] In practice, the implementation of various alternative operations, suppliers, interest rates, and / or similar matters can be determined at least in part by the SCLOP administrator. For example, a central bank or government could be the SCLOP administrator and could set policies to ensure all participants receive the lowest possible annual interest rate, or facilitate liquidity provision to the poorest or smallest companies lacking access to bank credit. Furthermore, in certain industries or applications, different annual interest rates can be charged to different companies. This approach might be appropriate, for example, when participating companies have excess cash flow and do not wish to discount their certified A / R. In these cases, highly liquid companies could be given a 0% annual interest rate, or allowed to collect payment at maturity, effectively making them a transfer company without generating any direct revenue for the SCLOP. Additionally, in one or more implementation schemes, companies can choose the terms under which they wish to participate.

[0180] As described herein, different annual interest rates can be charged to suppliers at different tiers, for example, to attract investment and / or cover risks within SCLOP 102. In at least one implementation, the annual interest rate charged to Tier 1 suppliers (e.g., Supplier A 286A and Supplier B 286B) may increase or decrease based on fluctuations in international interest rates. When interest rates fall, the savings can be shared among investment-grade debtors 282, investors, and Tier 1 suppliers 286A, 286B, rather than being retained by the SCLOP manager 284 as in the case of a bank. In some implementations, the annual interest rate charged to a debtor's Tier 1 suppliers varies minimally (if any) because the debtor's cost of funds is the same regardless of the certified amount. For example, SCLOP may construct a single annual interest rate to charge all Tier 1 suppliers regardless of the certified amount, or it may construct different annual interest rates based on the certified amount. As a non-restrictive example, the annual interest rate could be 8.50% for each certified A / R transaction of $1 million or more, 8.75% for $500,000 to $1 million, 9% for $100,000 to $500,000, 9.25% for $25,000 to $100,000, and 9.50% for $25,000 or less. In this example, the annual interest rate charged to the smallest supplier is only 1% higher than that charged to the largest supplier. In this example, the certification bonus or extended credit term for the debtor dominating the supply chain increases with the increase in the annual interest rate charged to the supplier. As described herein, because the investor's non-payment risk is borne by the government entity or investment-grade debtor (e.g., debtor 282) of the certified Tier 1 supplier (e.g., supplier 286), these suppliers do not require credit committee approval and do not incur debt or financing-related fees or taxes, as they are simply selling this debtor-guaranteed asset (certified A / R) at a discounted price under an immediate payment discount mechanism (which is not financing). Under LSCET, the annual interest rate charged to Tier 1 suppliers is based on the credit risk of the debtor in the certified A / R, not the credit risk of the Tier 1 supplier. In practice, this allows Tier 1 suppliers to leverage their customers' low credit risk to provide credit to them at a lower cost of capital, rather than incurring debt at a higher cost of capital (plus any financing taxes and additional charges) to provide credit to their customers.

[0181] Considering the discounting of investment-grade debtor-certified A / R owned by a Tier 1 supplier and purchased at a discount by investors, an example of SCLOP 102 operation can be provided. For this example, assume that the minimum acceptable annual interest rate for investors purchasing investment-grade debtor-certified A / R at a discount is 6% (for up to 135 days). SCLOP can utilize a credit multiplier equal to 1.5 times the cost of funds, generating a 9% annual interest rate (6% × 1.5 = 9%) on the applied discount when the supplier sells its certified A / R to investors. Therefore, the debtor earns a 3% (= 9% - 6%) spread (certification bonus) on 100% of the Tier 1 supplier transaction. The debtor can choose to receive the certification incentive in cash or by extending the credit term. Thus, the Tier 1 supplier pays 9%, with 6% allocated to investors and 3% to the debtor. Assuming a Tier 1 supplier provides a debtor with 90 days of credit, the debtor can request to pay the 3% interest spread in cash and continue payment for 90 days, or request SCLOP to defer payment to 135 days (90 days x 1.5 = 135 days). The Tier 1 supplier's total cost will consist of the immediate payment discount, SCLOP's handling fee, and any applicable sales tax on the handling fee.

[0182] Continuing the example, suppose a Tier 1 supplier allocates an invoice amount of $105,000 to SCLT, but due to a pending $5,000 credit note, the debtor certifies $100,000. This $100,000 certified A / R will then be offered to investors at a discount, with the investor offering the lowest annual interest rate winning the bid. In one example, if the debtor certifies an A / R allocated to SCLOP by a Tier 1 supplier, it will pay the certified amount to SCLT at maturity, not to the Tier 1 supplier. The following table provides a certification bonus as a non-restrictive example:

[0183]

[0184] Figure 3A and 3BAn example flowchart 300 corresponding to the SCLO process is shown, which can be used with one or more embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in the flowchart, the process may begin by searching the accounts of major debtors 302 and then calculating an immediate payment discount 304. For example, the discount may be a percentage of the total amount, a specific fee, and / or a similar form. In the example table shown herein, the immediate payment discount is 3.32%, which is determined by calculating the supplier's total cost as a percentage of the total certified amount. Accounts may be assigned to one or more investors 306, such as investors offering the lowest annual interest rate in an example using an auction or bidding process for investors. In one or more embodiments, investors may set investment parameters such as the percentage discount they offer to the supplier; the minimum / maximum certified A / R amount of the transaction they are interested in; the minimum / maximum maturity days they are interested in investing in a particular debtor or economic sector (debtors are categorized by sector); and the total amount, etc. In operation, when the system needs to assign investors to a transaction, it will first exclude all uninterested investors, for example, by using one or more filters or parameters. The remaining available investors may be ranked or otherwise assigned one or more indicators to provide investment.

[0185] In at least one implementation, SCLOP generates an external electronic debit 308 to the investor's checking account and awaits funds from the investor to arrive at SCLT 310. Funds may be provided by a single investor or a group of investors. Furthermore, in one or more implementations, an investment may be crowdsourced or otherwise offered to various investors for participation. SCLOP may determine whether all debits have been completed 312. If not, SCLOP may determine whether the maximum waiting period 314 has been reached. If not, the waiting continues. If it has been reached, or if all debits have been completed, the process may reverse accounts that failed to debit or were not completed within the maximum waiting period 316. Otherwise, the account may be marked as having received a debit completed at SCLT 318, and a temporary account deposit to the supplier may be executed 320.

[0186] In at least one implementation, the process may further include SCLOP determining whether there is a balance in the temporary supplier account. If so, the balance may be transferred to the permanent account and used to pay other balances. These other balances may be discounted due to immediate payment, may be paid, and may then be marked as completed. If there are no remaining funds in the temporary account, an interest rate adjustment may be applied to the permanent account, and the permanent account balance may be transferred to an external account.

[0187] exist Figure 3BThe process continues as “A”, and one or more implementations can determine if there is an available balance 322 in the temporary supplier account. If so, the balance can be transferred to the permanent account 324. Since the supplier has allocated its A / R to SCLT, SCLT owns the certified A / R and sells it to investors at a discounted price according to the supplier's instructions issued through SCLOP. Debtors, suppliers, and investors can access the data related to them on SCLOP. SCLT administrators have access to all data. In one or more implementations, payments and receipts are automated based on negotiations between suppliers and investors through the platform. In practice, suppliers receive a low annual interest rate based on the lowest bidder's rate. These funding cost rates are multiplied by a credit multiplier ratio, which typically fluctuates between 1 and 1.5. In other words, if the investor offering the lowest annual interest rate provides 6%, then 9% (=6%) will be offered to the supplier. 1.5), therefore if the typical credit period is 60 days, then 60 A new extended credit term of 1.5 = 90 days (30 days free). Furthermore, debtors and suppliers can negotiate their chosen credit multiplier.

[0188] The accounts can then be analyzed to identify accounts 328 from which payments can be made from the permanent account. An immediate payment discount 330 can be calculated as described herein, and the account can be debited / credited 332 to settle the A / R and / or A / P. The accounts can be marked as processed 334, and further balances are then assessed within the account as described herein. If no remaining balance is available, additional adjustments 336, such as the immediate payment discount, are calculated, and instructions are generated to be transferred to the permanent account 338. The payment is then transferred to the external account 340.

[0189] Figure 3C An example flowchart 350 of a netting process that can be used with one or more embodiments of this disclosure is shown. In this example, accounts are loaded 352 to group and summarize each debtor-supplier pair 354. For example, accounts may correspond to participants within an SCLOP, and one or more algorithms may be executed to determine debtor / supplier pairs, for example, based on A / R and / or A / P between different entities. In at least one embodiment, a company list 356 may be generated, and one or more evaluation criteria may be determined to evaluate the company list 358. For example, one or more nodes to be explored may be set to a value, such as 2.

[0190] By evaluating the company list, one or more companies can be deleted based on evaluation criteria 360. It can be determined whether at least one record has been deleted 362. If so, the evaluation criteria 364 can be adjusted, such as adding or deleting nodes used for evaluation. If not, it can be determined whether the list is empty or if there are standard errors 366. If so, the process can end. If not, a company can be selected from the list 368, and it can be determined whether that company has an A / R and / or A / P 370. If not, it can be determined whether there are other entities in the list 372, and if the last company is not at the end of the list, another different company can be selected 374. If the end of the list has been reached, the evaluation criteria can be adjusted.

[0191] A second evaluation criterion 376 can be determined, for example, by setting a node counter or setting a value or target equal to the selected company. A list of the company's suppliers 378 can be generated, and the minimum debt 380 can be identified. Subsequently, the minimum debt value can be paid to each company in the list 382, ​​and a record 384 can be generated. This process can be repeated as long as available funds and / or companies are available for evaluation.

[0192] Figure 4A A schematic overview of an implementation scheme using SCLOP 102 is shown. It should be understood that, for clarity of this disclosure, various aspects of the transaction have been simplified and / or omitted. In this example, SCLOP 102 acts as a platform (which may be controlled or managed by a centralized entity) for managing, centralizing, and synchronizing different transactions, such as commercial, tax, and financial transactions between one or more entities. In this example, supplier 402 is active within SCLOP 102 and provides certified A / Rs to investors 404 within SCLOP 102 at a discounted price. In this example, investment 406 may be at least partially funded by funds 408 provided by one or more investors 404 and / or investment-grade debtors. In other words, the debtors of certified A / Rs may have a priority option to purchase their own debt at a discounted price before it is offered to investors. Funding 408 can be provided due to the support of certified A / R 410 provided by supplier 402. In other words, investor 404 may be willing to provide funding 408 because the investment is backed by underlying assets guaranteed by the debtor (e.g., certified A / R 410), thus providing confidence in the investment.

[0193] As shown in the diagram, certified A / R 410 may be the result of different transactions between supplier 402 and customer 412. For example, supplier 402 may provide goods or services to customer 412 and may issue an invoice in the form of A / R 414 to represent the value owed by customer 412 to supplier 402. Customer 412 may also present the amount owed as A / P 416. In operation, supplier 402 may receive payment (from at least a portion of investment 406) from SCLT via SCLOP 102 in exchange for selling certified A / R 410 to investor 404 at a discounted price. This payment is less than certified A / R 410 (e.g., the dollar amount paid to supplier 402 is less than the dollar amount of certified A / R 410), which may also be referred to as an immediate payment discount. Upon maturity, customer 412 (e.g., debtor) will pay A / P 416 to SCLT via SCLOP 102 to cover the total amount of certified A / R 410, and a return may be provided to investor 404. In this way, supplier 402 can quickly obtain funds for various external costs 418 without incurring debt or going through the traditional bank credit analysis process, regardless of supplier 402's credit risk.

[0194] As described herein, the implementation of this disclosure can continue this process along the supplier and customer chain, with different or equal annual interest rates paid at different levels, and / or used to accelerate the use of the initial funds 408 provided to SCLOP 102. In this way, the initial funds injected into SCLOP 102 can be used to pay a much larger A / P total to downstream multi-tier suppliers in the supply chain, at a lower cost and with higher velocity of money in the supply chain compared to the traditional banking system, without increasing the total money supply or inflation, while still providing investors with the same or higher returns at a reduced risk profile.

[0195] Figure 4B A diagram 420 illustrates the process of providing liquidity to numerous downstream entities. In this example, the initial government debt is shown as $10,000, but it should be understood that this value is provided only as a non-restrictive example. As shown in this example, the initial annual interest rate on this $10,000 debt is 5% (five percent). However, by increasing the number of different companies at different tiers, the cost of the initial interest is spread across multiple entities. Therefore, in a traditional system, each entity might be required to pay that 5% interest rate (and even higher for smaller, less reputable entities), whereas now entities can distribute the cost of the initial interest expense across multiple tiers of suppliers, allowing them to pay a much lower annual interest rate than they would typically have to (in this example, all companies in the five-tier supply chain pay only 1.20% annual interest).

[0196] As described in this article, the initial supplier can accept a reduced amount in exchange for immediate payment. For example, the largest supplier company (presumably the most reputable) might be owed $10,000, but in exchange for faster payment, it could accept $9,762. In this example, this represents the difference based on interest expenses, fees, etc. Downstream entities owed less than the remaining $9,762 can similarly accept a lower amount for faster payment, and so on. The benefit of accepting a lower amount is increased liquidity, and the annual interest rate is much lower than what an entity could obtain on its own, without falling into debt. In this way, the system and methodology allow for the rapid movement of money throughout the system through a single "injection" of funds, rather than having each entity in the chain obtain its own credit line from a creditor (which would result in higher debt levels, interest expenses, and annual interest rates, potentially reduced availability, and an increase in the total money supply, potentially causing inflation). The more companies and individuals involved at different levels of the supply chain, the lower the interest expense and annual interest rate each individual pays.

[0197] In at least one implementation, the annual interest rate can vary depending on the transaction size at different levels. For example, two non-restrictive possible variations include: 1) charging an annual interest rate to each company at each level of the supply chain. Depending on the transaction size, each company pays the same or a different annual interest rate. This model minimizes total debt but may not minimize total interest payments in the economy, although it increases the spread earned by the primary debtor. And 2) the interest expense paid by Tier 1 suppliers through immediate payment discounts is paid proportionally by all companies (including Tier 1 suppliers) at each level of the supply chain. Therefore, the annual interest rate paid by all suppliers participating in the supply chain is significantly lower than the annual interest rate paid by a Tier 1 supplier acting alone or borrowing from a bank. This approach minimizes the total debt level and interest payments in the economy and is the preferred model. Furthermore, the system and approach can also combine a hybrid of these two approaches, where the credit multiplier against the primary debtor increases due to the addition of new tier suppliers to the SCLOP, thus increasing the interest expense charged to Tier 1 suppliers, but the higher interest expense is diluted among all suppliers in the supply chain, resulting in lower total debt, lower annual interest rates, and lower interest expenses than if a Tier 1 supplier acted alone.

[0198] As a non-restrictive example, a large company 422 could allocate A / R 424 to SCLT 426. In this example, the A / R amount is $10,000.00, but as described herein, the large company 422 could accept receiving a smaller amount in exchange for immediate payment. A government 428 could certify 430 the value of the A / R 424, and then an investor 412 could purchase 432 the A / R 424 at a discounted price. Advantageously, since the risk of non-payment for investor 412 is borne by the government 428 or investment-grade debtor certifying the Tier 1 supplier's A / R 424, these suppliers do not require approval from a bank's credit committee, do not incur debt, and do not incur financing-related fees or taxes, as they are simply selling this debtor-guaranteed asset (e.g., certified A / R) at a discounted price. The annual interest rate charged to Tier 1 suppliers is based on the debtor's credit risk. In practice, systems and methods can allow Tier 1 suppliers to leverage their customers’ low credit risk to provide credit to them at a reduced cost of capital, rather than incurring debt to provide credit to their customers at a higher cost of capital (plus financing taxes and additional fees).

[0199] In one or more implementations, investor 412 may pay an amount less than the total value of A / R 424. SCLT 426 can now begin managing payments to the remaining companies 434, 436, 438, and 440. As the supply chain lengthens, the interest 442 paid by individual companies decreases compared to the 5% annual interest associated with government 428. In other words, in this example, companies participating in the supply chain utilize the liquidity of investors who purchased the Tier 1 supplier's certified A / R to share the cost of interest expenses incurred by the Tier 1 supplier proportionally among themselves. By managing all payments with the help of SCLT 426 (e.g., through a platform), the implementation can address problems with existing systems, such as conflicts of interest with traditional banking institutions. For example, banks may have a conflict of interest with their customers because they increase profits by raising the annual interest rates charged to customers and not lowering them when their cost of funds decreases. Because the banking model determines the annual interest rate for a customer based on their individual credit risk and the availability of credit competition, most companies and individuals cannot access bank credit, especially in underdeveloped countries, where the annual interest rates charged to their customers vary significantly between the least and most risky customers. For example, in Figure 4BIn this configuration, due to the size of Company 440, it may have difficulty obtaining loans from banks, and if it could, Company 440 might have a higher annual interest rate than, for example, Company 422. The implementation scheme addresses and overcomes this problem by distributing the cost of funds across many entities, allowing everyone to obtain a lower annual interest rate than they would otherwise have been able to. As shown, unlike banks, SCLOP has no conflict of interest because it does not charge interest rate compensation, but only charges a fee based on the certified amount. SCLOP maximizes profits by encouraging competition among banks and investors to lower the annual interest rates paid by companies and individuals. The lower the annual interest rate and the larger the transaction volume, the more fees SCLOP earns. Furthermore, SCLOP is transparent, meaning that debtors, investors, and suppliers will always be aware of the annual interest rate earned by investors, the annual interest rate charged to suppliers, and the benefits debtors receive through SCLOP. The annual interest rate charged to Tier 1 suppliers will increase or decrease based on fluctuations in international annual interest rates. When annual interest rates fall, the savings are shared between debtors and Tier 1 suppliers, rather than being retained by SCLOP. Payment 444 can be accelerated along the chain, and SCLOP administrator 446 can also charge fees for its services. For example, all local and international companies and individuals affiliated with SCLOP and SCLT can provide SCLOP with online instructions regarding who to pay or for immediate payment advances for uncertified A / Rs after SCLT receives a certified A / R. SCLOP will automatically make the advance or issue instructions to modules associated with the platform, such as pre-authorized payment instructions, to make payments to specific local and international companies and individuals after it receives a specific certified A / R from SCLT. Authorizations can be based on priority, irrevocable, non-irrevocable, minimum guaranteed payment, allowing full or partial payments, recurring fixed or variable payments for a specific period, one-time payments, etc. Upon maturity, the government 428 can pay SCLT 426, which can then pay the balance to investor 412.

[0200] Figure 4C It shows the use of Figure 4BThe illustration 450 illustrates the process by which one or more components provide liquidity to numerous downstream entities. In this example, a large entity (Large 1) allocates an A / R to SCLT 426, as shown by number 1. This debt is certified by the government, as shown by number 2. For example, a $10,000 A / R of number 1 could be certified by the government at SCLT 426. Subsequently, investor 412 can purchase the certified debt at a discounted price, as shown by number 3. In this example, the discount is $125 (e.g., purchasing the debt for $9,875). Number 4 shows the payment to administrator 446. Additionally, number 4 shows a payment to Large Entity 1, which could be $0, as discussed herein. Additional payments, shown by arrows and related tables, ultimately result in a payment of $9,353.70 to the micro-entity. The government can then pay $10,000 of the debt upon maturity, as shown by number 5, and SCLT can pay $10,000 to investor 412 upon maturity, as shown by number 6.

[0201] Figure 4D The figure shows that the annual interest rate decreases as the number of companies participating in the supply chain increases.470

[0202] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of method 500 for implementing (SCLOP). It should be understood that, unless otherwise explicitly stated, the steps of this method can be performed in any order or in parallel. Furthermore, the method may include more or fewer steps. In this example, a request 502 is received from an entity to participate in SCLOP. For example, this request may include the entity providing information in the form of a questionnaire, as described herein. The entity can then be certified along with at least one associated A / R 504. This A / R may correspond to an amount owed to the entity for providing one or more goods or services.

[0203] In at least one implementation, the SCLOP may receive payment 506 for the right to purchase at least one associated A / R. For example, an investor may choose to invest in the A / R to provide funding. Furthermore, in various implementations, payments may be received from government entities or other entities, or combinations thereof. A response payment 508 may be provided to the entity. The response payment may be less than the value of the A / R, which may be faster than the associated debtor would normally pay the A / R. For example, the associated debtor may have certain payment terms (e.g., 90 days) that are undesirable to entity 508. By accepting a reduced payment in exchange for faster payment, entity 508 can obtain improved liquidity. A second entity may then provide settlement 510 for the A / R and may provide a return payment 512 at maturity to the investor who provided the payment. This could include their initial payment plus bonus or interest payments, or collection of the full amount of the certified A / R at maturity and profiting from the discount obtained, which may be preferred in one or more implementations. In this way, the SCLOP can be provided to allow the primary debtor to obtain additional extended credit terms directly from investors while immediately paying its supplier's certified A / R at a discount. For example, suppose the extended credit period using SCLOP increases from 90 days to 135 days. In other words, there are 45 extra days of free credit; however, the principal debtor issues a payment guarantee (such as notes or bonds) to the investor through SCLOP to the SCLT that matures in 360 days, and pays additional interest expenses incurred beyond the 135 days.

[0204] Figure 6A set of general components of an example computing device 600 is shown. In this example, the device includes a processor 602 for executing instructions that can be stored in memory 604. The device may include many types of memory, data memory, or non-transitory computer-readable storage media, such as a first data memory for program instructions executed by the processor 602, a separate memory for images or data, removable memory for sharing information with other devices, etc. The device may optionally include a display element 606, such as a touchscreen or liquid crystal display (LCD), although devices such as portable media players may convey information in other ways, such as through audio speakers, and other devices may not include a display, such as server components operating in a data center, and other options. As previously mentioned, in many embodiments, the device will include at least one interactive component 608 capable of receiving user input. This input may include, for example, buttons, touchpads, touchscreens, scroll wheels, joysticks, keyboards, mice, keypads, or any other such devices or elements through which a user can input commands to the device. However, in some embodiments, such a device may not include any buttons at all and may be controlled only by a combination of visual and audio commands, allowing the user to control the device without having to touch it. In some embodiments, Figure 6 The computing device 600 may include one or more network interfaces or communication components 610 for communicating over various networks, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RF, wired or wireless communication systems. The device may be configured to communicate with networks such as the Internet and may be able to communicate with other such devices. The device will also include one or more power components 612, such as a power cord, power port, battery, wireless power supply, or rechargeable receiver.

[0205] Storage media and other non-transitory computer-readable media containing code or code portions may include any suitable media known or used in the art, including storage media and communication media, such as, but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data), including RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other storage technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape cassettes, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to store the desired information and is accessible by system devices. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, those skilled in the art will understand other ways and / or methods of implementing various embodiments.

[0206] Figure 7An example flowchart of an example process 700, which can be used with embodiments of this disclosure, is shown. This example flowchart illustrates a circular supply chain cash flow where investor 702 and debtor 704 interact with Tier 1 supplier 706. As shown, debtor 704 certified a $1,000,000 A / R, which investor 702 purchased at a discount. In this example, Tier 1 supplier 706 owes Tier 2 supplier 708 $800,000, Tier 2 supplier 708 owes Tier 3 supplier 710 $600,000, Tier 3 supplier 710 further owes Tier 4 supplier 712 $500,000, Tier 4 supplier 712 owes Tier 5 supplier 704 $400,000, and Tier 5 supplier 704 happens to be the debtor dominating this supply chain. As described herein, the chain can extend to any number of suppliers. Figure 7 The five examples shown are merely non-limiting examples. At the end of the chain, Tier 5 supplier (debtor) 704 can then recover the $400,000 (which Tier 4 supplier 712 owes Tier 5 supplier (debtor) 704) to pay off debts owed by other Tier 1 suppliers associated with debtor 704, thus initiating a new payment cycle without requiring additional investor funds to pay off multiple A / Ps downstream in this new supply chain. Funds used to pay off certified A / Ps in the new supply chain come from investors' initial investments in certified A / Ps of Tier 1 suppliers in the original supply chain. This effectively links the two supply chains, further reducing the annual interest rate for all participants in both chains. Supply chains can be linked as long as the debtor is also a supplier in its dominant supply chain. When the debtor is no longer a supplier in its supply chain, the flow of funds stops.

[0207] One or more implementation schemes can enable SCLOP to be fed real-time or near-real-time economic and activity data, such as inventory levels, construction progress, employment and inflation data, new housing construction permits, economic growth, profitability, bank credit, total debt to GDP ratio, speculative market performance, etc. Information can be provided by industry, economic sector, demographics, etc., so that SCLOP can automatically manage and adjust at least five macroeconomic variables to achieve the desired economic outcomes. Figure 8 A graphical representation 800 of the different economic variables is shown. In this example, real-time data 802 is provided to SCLOP 804, which, as discussed herein, provides access to credit and liquidity 806. Further shown are at least five macroeconomic variables, including the marginal annual interest rate 808, the marginal money supply 810, the money circulation flow 812, the velocity of money 814, and inflation 816. The systems and methods of this disclosure can be used to obtain one or more of a set of target outcomes 818.

[0208] One or more implementation schemes may implement one or more artificial intelligence systems to detect changes in one or more input macroeconomic and other data to modify variables 808-816, as a non-limiting example. Based on economic activities detected by e-invoices throughout the economy, the system and methods can be used to control one or more macroeconomic variables in real time.

[0209] To increase the velocity of money 814, systems and methods can be used to minimize or prevent participants from holding money on hand, instead requiring them to pay their suppliers with the money they receive. As a result, the minimum available cash is circulated multiple times, paying larger amounts of certified receivables. Furthermore, systems and methods can be used to minimize interest expense or commissions, leaving more money to pay other downstream suppliers. Additionally, the fewer credit days a Tier 1 supplier has, the more money is left to pay downstream suppliers, further increasing the velocity of money 814. Moreover, the lower the annual interest rate earned by investors, the more money is left to pay downstream suppliers, also increasing the velocity of money 814. Other techniques for increasing the velocity of money 814 (which can be managed and implemented by the systems and methods of this disclosure) can include providing liquidity priority to companies in supply chains with high velocity of money; providing conventional loans to bottleneck companies to extend the supply chain; and / or using the circulating flow of money to extend the supply chain. Implementations can also work in reverse to reduce the velocity of money, which can be targeted at specific parties or specific supply chains.

[0210] The implementation plan also increases the marginal annual interest rate (808) by, for example, by increasing the annual interest rate earned by investors; raising the annual interest rate charged to supply chain participants to a level higher than the marginal annual interest rate of the supply chain; not passing on interest rate savings to suppliers; increasing the credit days multiplier to benefit debtors; shortening the length of the supply chain; allowing participants to keep money in hand instead of using it to pay downstream suppliers; increasing commissions so they have less money left over; and prioritizing Tier 1 suppliers with the highest credit days to debtors, thus requiring suppliers to pay more interest. The marginal annual interest rate (808) can be reduced by doing the opposite.

[0211] The systems and methods can also increase the marginal money supply 810, for example, by preventing supply chain participants from holding money on hand, thus allowing the same amount of money to pay more accounts receivable to more companies; paying larger companies first and then smaller ones; allowing the circulating flow of money; allowing more supply chain levels to access liquidity; and allowing more debtors to dominate the supply chain, which could lower the credit standards for who can become a debtor. In one or more implementations, all government entities must participate as debtors to cover the majority of companies and individuals participating in their supply chains. The marginal money supply 810 can be reduced by doing the opposite.

[0212] Systems and methods can also be used to allow the circulating flow of money 812. For example, by allowing the circulating flow of money, debtors continuously use input receipts from companies within their supply chain to pay other suppliers. Furthermore, prioritizing payments to large suppliers over small suppliers can allow the circulating flow of money 812 in order to minimize average certified receivables and democratize investment. Similarly, prioritizing payments to small suppliers over large suppliers can also allow the circulating flow of money 812 in order to minimize transaction volume and increase average certified receivables. As a result, the supply chain is extended, and the interest earned by investors decreases as the same investor funds continue to be paid to other suppliers, while further minimizing interest expenses and marginal annual interest rates by extending the supply chain.

[0213] Systems and methods can also be used to reduce inflation, for example, by expanding the use of SCLOP to cover most companies and individuals involved in debtor supply chains, thereby limiting short-term bank credit creation; restricting access to short-term liquidity for specific companies, industries, or economic sectors experiencing high inflation (if due to demand-pull inflation in the real economy); increasing access to short-term liquidity for specific companies, industries, or economic sectors causing inflation due to capacity constraints (supply-pull inflation in the real economy); increasing access to short-term liquidity for new companies looking to expand production capacity in industries facing high inflation (supply-pull inflation in the real economy); and restricting access to liquidity for companies and individuals looking to purchase speculative assets that do not contribute to economic growth or employment. In some implementations, the government's central bank should remove excess liquidity from circulation by investing in highly safe short-term investments overseas. Systems and levels can increase inflation by doing the opposite.

[0214] Figure 9A and 9BAn example flowchart 900 corresponding to the SCLO process is shown, which can be used with one or more embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in the flowchart, the process may begin by searching for primary debtor accounts 902, and then determining whether any primary debtor accounts have been found 904. If not, the process continues. If so, the process continues to calculate the present value of immediate payments and discounts for Supplier Tier 1 accounts 906. Accounts may be assigned to one or more investors 908, such as investors offering the lowest annual interest rate in an example using an auction or bidding process for investors. In one or more embodiments, investors may set investment parameters (e.g., the percentage discount they offer to suppliers; the minimum / maximum certified A / R amount of the transaction they are interested in; the minimum / maximum maturity days and total amount they are interested in investing in a particular debtor or economic sector (debtors categorized by sector), etc.). In operation, when the system needs to assign investors to a transaction, it will first exclude all uninterested investors, for example, using one or more filters or parameters. The remaining available investors may be ranked or otherwise assigned one or more indicators to provide investment.

[0215] In at least one implementation, SCLOP generates an external electronic debit to the investor's checking account 910 and awaits funds from the investor to arrive at SCLT 912. Funds may be provided by a single investor or a group of investors. Furthermore, in one or more implementations, an investment may be crowdsourced or otherwise offered to various investors for participation. SCLOP may determine whether all debits have been completed 914. If not, SCLOP may determine whether the maximum waiting period 916 has been reached. If not, the waiting continues. If it has been reached, or if all debits have been completed, the process may reverse accounts that failed to debit or were not completed within the maximum waiting period 918. Otherwise, the account may be recorded as a completed debit receipt 920 at SCLT, and a deposit to the supplier's temporary account 922 may be executed.

[0216] exist Figure 9B The process continues as "A", and one or more implementations can determine if there is an available balance of 924 in the temporary supplier account. If so, the balance can be transferred to the permanent account 324. If not, the process reverts to... Figure 9A The "B" in this context refers to the A / R. As discussed herein, because the supplier assigns its A / R to SCLT, SCLT owns that certified A / R and sells it to investors at a discounted price according to the supplier's instructions issued through SCLOP. Debtors, suppliers, and investors can access the data related to them on SCLOP. SCLT administrators have access to all data. In one or more implementations, payments and receipts are automated based on negotiations between suppliers and investors through the platform.

[0217] The accounts can then be analyzed to identify accounts 928 that can be paid from the permanent account. Present value and immediate payment discounts 930 for supplier level 2 and beyond can be calculated as discussed herein, and the accounts can be debited / credited 932 to settle A / R and / or A / P. The accounts can be marked as processed 932, and further balances can then be assessed within the account as discussed herein.

[0218] If in Figure 9A If the accounts of the primary debtor are not found (as shown in "C"), additional adjustments are calculated. For example, the share of interest earned by the investor paid by each supplier can be calculated 936, and instructions 938 can be determined to apply the interest paid by each supplier to a permanent account, and the balance of the payment account can be transferred to the supplier's external bank account 940.

[0219] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may be described by the following terms:

[0220] 1) A computer-implemented method for dynamically allocating credit and managing liquidity within a supply chain, the method comprising:

[0221] a) Receive real-time performance data associated with economic participants through one or more data interfaces, wherein the real-time performance data includes at least one of production output, sales volume, inventory level, or contract milestones;

[0222] b) Using one or more processors, the marginal money supply requirement for each economic participant is calculated based on real-time performance data, wherein the money creation module automatically adjusts the marginal money supply requirement in response to the deviation between actual output and predicted output;

[0223] c) Determine the marginal annual interest rate for individual participants or sectors using an algorithmic interest rate engine, the interest rate being adjusted based on at least one of verifiable production milestones, demand forecasts, or overcapacity indicators;

[0224] d) The liquidity controller generates instructions to provide incremental credit to each economic participant upon reaching their respective validated milestones, wherein the instructions trigger electronic funds transfers upon confirmation of the validated milestones; and

[0225] e) The velocity of money flow within the supply chain is continuously monitored by the velocity of money tracking module, and at least one of the marginal money supply requirement or the marginal annual interest rate is automatically adjusted to maintain the target velocity of money flow and minimize inflationary pressures.

[0226] 2) The method described in Clause 1, wherein step (b) of calculating the marginal money supply requirement includes:

[0227] a) Analyze historical and real-time production data from different sources;

[0228] b) Apply machine learning algorithms to detect anomalous or fraudulent entries; and

[0229] c) Update the marginal money supply in near real-time when changing market conditions, unforeseen supply disruptions, or changes in demand are detected.

[0230] 3) The method described in Clause 1, wherein step (c) determining the marginal annual interest rate further comprises:

[0231] a) Establish risk parameters for specific sectors based on historical default rates and observed capacity utilization rates;

[0232] b) Adjusting interest rate spreads to take into account external market conditions, including commodity prices and currency volatility; and

[0233] c) Once the verified output or money velocity data deviates from a predetermined threshold, the individual interest rate for a particular participant is gradually reduced or increased.

[0234] 4) The method described in Clause 1, wherein the liquidity controller in step (d) further comprises:

[0235] a) A rule-based engine that standardizes validation criteria for on-site inspections, sales invoices, or production logs; and

[0236] b) A distributed ledger module that records each milestone verification, fund transfer, and interest distribution to ensure an auditable and tamper-proof transaction history.

[0237] 5) A system for real-time control of currency circulation and inflation within a supply chain, comprising:

[0238] a) A data collection interface configured to collect verifiable economic metrics from manufacturing facilities, distributors, and service providers;

[0239] b) A supply chain liquidity optimizer executed on one or more processors, the liquidity optimizer comprising:

[0240] i. The marginal money supply module is configured to inject or remove liquidity based on actual production milestones.

[0241] ii. The circular flow orchestration module is designed to facilitate the rapid, repeated circulation of currency between upstream and downstream participants, and

[0242] iii. An inflation management engine that monitors transaction-level pricing data and automatically restricts new credit to designated sectors when inflation indicators exceed target thresholds;

[0243] c) An interest rate adjustment component that allocates marginal interest rates on a sector-by-sector or participant-by-participant basis, based on real-time output and capacity assessments; and

[0244] d) User interface portal that displays personalized liquidity limits, outstanding credit limits, and milestone completion requirements to each participant.

[0245] 6) The system described in Clause 5, wherein the liquidity optimizer is further configured to calculate and allocate credit lines based on the velocity of money circulation in each relevant supply chain segment, and to actively amplify or reduce liquidity injections to maintain a target velocity range.

[0246] 7) The system described in Clause 5, wherein the inflation management engine utilizes predictive analytics that integrates current production capacity, commodity price index and labor wage data to estimate near-term inflation risk and triggers an immediate cap or reduction in credit issuance when an “overheating” signal is detected.

[0247] 8) A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, enable a computing device to:

[0248] a) Receive real-time data reflecting the actual economic activities among multiple different economic participants;

[0249] b) Use the milestone verification module to analyze the data to confirm the completion of production tasks, contract milestones, or service delivery events;

[0250] c) Calculate the recommended marginal money supply for each participant, taking into account the current velocity of transactions and historical performance patterns;

[0251] d) Set a marginal annual interest rate corresponding to the verified output growth for each participant, taking into account cyclical or sector-based risks; and

[0252] e) Generate instructions to allocate or reduce funds, wherein the instructions are provided to a remote payment gateway responsible for releasing funds upon data-driven triggering.

[0253] 9) The non-transitory computer-readable medium described in Clause 8, wherein the instructions further enable the computing device to maintain and periodically update the Circulation Index, which assesses the circulation of currency among upstream and downstream supply chain nodes and automatically adjusts the credit preference of nodes with suboptimal recycling ratios.

[0254] 10) The non-transitory computer-readable medium described in Clause 8, wherein the instructions further enable the computing device to incorporate peer-verified logs of shipments, services provided, or performance of contractual obligations, thereby detecting inconsistencies or potential fraud before disbursement of funds.

[0255] 11) A method for managing credit and liquidity in an economic system using a data-driven allocation platform (supply chain liquidity optimization platform or SCLOP), comprising:

[0256] The system receives real-time data inputs from a computer network that indicate economic activities among multiple participants in the production or supply chain, including milestones and performance indicators such as production output, inventory levels, and sales volume.

[0257] The marginal money supply requirement is dynamically calculated for the participants based on verified performance metrics and corresponding economic milestones, wherein credit is only granted when predefined milestones verified by the system are achieved.

[0258] The marginal annual interest rate of specific participants is adjusted in real time based on economic output, supply chain velocity indicators and predefined risk thresholds, thereby promoting the allocation of liquidity to the production sector while discouraging speculative or underperforming activities.

[0259] The circulation of funds is monitored by assessing the reinvestment and spending patterns of recipients, with the velocity of local transactions incentivized by dynamic interest rate adjustments and access to additional credit.

[0260] Inflation is controlled by comparing aggregated price data for production, materials, and labor with validated output growth indicators from the participants, and credit allocation rates are automatically moderated when deviations from price stability are detected; and

[0261] It provides feedback control loops to continuously recalibrate credit, liquidity, and pricing models based on updated real-time data, ensuring alignment with economic outcomes including GDP growth, reduced unemployment, and financial inclusion.

[0262] 12) A system for optimizing economic outcomes by using validated performance data to manage macroeconomic variables in real time, the system comprising:

[0263] The data processing server is configured as follows:

[0264] Receive real-time economic activity data from participants within the production or supply chain, including but not limited to production output, revenue milestones, inventory levels, and transaction velocity; and

[0265] The economic activity data is stored in an interconnected database for analysis and verification;

[0266] The algorithm or computational model is configured as follows:

[0267] Calculate the marginal change in money supply required by economic participants, where newly created monetary resources are released only for activities verified based on the performance data.

[0268] Determine the marginal annual interest rate for specific participants that varies with supply chain velocity and milestone achievement indicators;

[0269] Analyze transaction flows to maintain a balanced circulation of funds among interconnected participants across the supply chain;

[0270] Adjusting for inflationary propensity by assessing and validating aggregate price trends related to production and service milestones;

[0271] The allocation module is configured as follows:

[0272] As preset milestones are achieved and validated by the system, funds and credit are dynamically released into specific production or service flows; and

[0273] Additional credit lines will be withheld when overcapacity, resource misallocation, or speculative activities are detected.

[0274] Results monitoring and self-adjustment feedback mechanisms include:

[0275] A continuous control loop recalibrates allocation, interest rates, pricing, and liquidity flows in response to fluctuations in participant performance metrics; and

[0276] The machine learning module is used to optimize decision-making algorithms based on historical and real-time data inputs; and

[0277] The user interface module provides participants and administrators with immediate visibility into economic performance indicators, milestones, and liquidity status.

[0278] 13) The method described in Clause 11, wherein the disbursement of credit is closely coupled with the achievement of milestones, including:

[0279] Written evidence of completed production units or service deliverables;

[0280] Verified contract agreements with downstream buyers;

[0281] Measurement of real-time inventory turnover rate;

[0282] Customer payment confirmations or sales receipts reflecting market demand; and

[0283] Use automated verification methods such as IoT sensors, blockchain verification, or geospatial monitoring to authenticate project progress.

[0284] 14) The method described in Clause 11 further includes:

[0285] The velocity of money circulation within a supply chain is calculated by measuring the volume of transactions and turnaround time between participants at defined intervals.

[0286] Adjusting credit disbursement windows or settlement times to accelerate money circulation when lags in the velocity of money are detected; and

[0287] Dynamically linking interest rates or credit access levels to proven improvements in transaction volume or localized economic activity.

[0288] 15) The system described in Clause 12, wherein inflationary pressures in a particular economic sector are mitigated by:

[0289] Real-time monitoring of aggregated price data within the department, including inputs from raw materials, labor, and transportation;

[0290] In response to deviations from the sector price stability threshold, the marginal interest rate and credit cap are automatically adjusted;

[0291] Predictive analysis that identifies the likelihood of cost-push or demand-pull inflation can trigger preventative interventions in credit issuance or liquidity flows.

[0292] 16) The method described in Clause 11, wherein participation in the platform is extended to previously excluded economic participants, and such participation is facilitated by:

[0293] Verify micro-milestones, such as individual smallholder agricultural harvests or small business sales, by uploading files or using IoT tracking devices.

[0294] The allocation and verification of milestones are proportional to micro-credit or liquidity, without relying on traditional credit risk assessment; and

[0295] By analyzing continuously achieved milestones, participants can build a dynamic credit history, thereby gradually increasing their access to funding.

[0296] 17) The method described in Clause 11 further includes facilitating circulation at the local level by:

[0297] Credit should be allocated preferentially to companies that actively procure inputs from other participants within a predefined local network;

[0298] Analyze reinvestment cycles and track the destination of disbursed funds to minimize economic leakage outside the network; and

[0299] Offer preferential interest rates or liquidity multipliers to entities that foster greater monetary circulation within the platform's ecosystem.

[0300] 18) The system described in Clause 12 further includes a predictive feedback mechanism that utilizes a machine learning model to perform the following:

[0301] Identify new inefficiencies or bottlenecks in the supply chain based on historical and real-time performance data.

[0302] Applying predictive credit restrictions or expansions to balance short-term liquidity fluctuations with long-term demand trends; and

[0303] The marginal variable algorithm is continuously improved based on constantly changing market conditions and systemic results.

[0304] 19) The method described in Clause 11 or the system described in Clause 12, wherein credit is dynamically allocated to public infrastructure projects in the following manner:

[0305] Funding is disbursed progressively based on machine-verified progress milestones (such as completed construction phases or operational infrastructure installations).

[0306] Adjusting future credit releases based on compliance with efficiency or cost performance indicators; and

[0307] Monitor usage patterns to ensure that completed infrastructure achieves the projected economic output or service levels.

[0308] While this document has described the technology with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the technology. Therefore, it should be understood that numerous modifications can be made to the illustrative embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A supply chain liquidity optimization platform, comprising: The transaction manager is configured to receive requests associated with the supply chain liquidity optimization platform; An accounts receivable (A / R) data storage device is used to record certified A / Rs that will be paid to each entity for each entity associated with the supply chain liquidity optimization platform; Accounts Payable (A / P) data storage is used to record certified A / Ps that will be paid by the respective entities for each entity associated with the supply chain liquidity optimization platform; as well as Payment processing services are used to distribute discount payments for the certified A / R to associated entities in response to the certified A / R, and to provide investment payments, including at least the funding and interest payments, to investors who fund the discount payments.

2. The supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to claim 1, further comprising: An interest rate generator is used to determine annual interest rates at one or more levels of the supply chain liquidity optimization platform.

3. The supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to claim 1, further comprising: One or more identification modules are used to process the authentication information of the one or more entities to identify bottleneck entities.

4. The supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to claim 1, wherein, The supplier interest payment for a single Tier 1 supplier is paid by multiple suppliers within a given supply chain, and the individual annual interest rate of each of these multiple suppliers is lower than the associated annual interest rate of the single supplier.

5. The supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to claim 1, wherein, At least a portion of the A / R data entered into the A / R data storage unit and at least a portion of the A / P data entered into the A / P data storage unit are provided to the administrator as electronic invoices.

6. The supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to claim 1, wherein, The total money supply associated with the government implementing the supply chain liquidity optimization platform does not increase due to the use of a fixed money supply for payment processing of multiple accounts payable to multiple suppliers participating in the supply chain liquidity optimization platform.

7. The supply chain liquidity optimization platform according to claim 1, wherein, The investors are selected based on a set of preferences or at least one of the bidding process.

8. A computer-implemented method, comprising: Identify debts certified by the debtor and owed to the first supplier from the debtor data storage; To identify investors who will provide funding at a discount rate to settle the debt; In response to the funds, determine the total annual interest rate and total interest cost; Identify a second supplier that has a second debt to the first supplier; Identify a third supplier that has third debt certified by the second supplier; Based on the total interest cost, determine the individual annual interest rate and individual interest cost for each of the first supplier, the second supplier, and the third supplier, wherein each individual annual interest rate and each individual interest cost are lower than the annual interest rate and the total interest cost incurred by the first supplier acting alone; and At least in part based on the funds, each of the first debt, the second debt, and the third debt is settled; and When the investor receives the certified amount of the debt, the total interest cost will be provided to the investor as maturity income.

9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein, At least one of the first supplier, the second supplier, or the third supplier retains a portion of the funds.

10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein, The total annual interest rate is automatically calculated by one or more Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform (SCLOP) algorithms, or is established by the SCLOP administrator.

11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein, The investors are selected based on a set of investor parameters or at least one of the parameters used in the bidding process.

12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising: The first supplier receives certified accounts receivable associated with the debt; as well as The first supplier receives certified accounts payable.

13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, further comprising: Define bottleneck criteria for the participants; Bottleneck determination is assigned to the participants; as well as The participants were selected based at least in part on the bottleneck determination.

14. A processor, comprising: One or more circuits are used for: Identify first accounts receivable (A / R) certified by the debtor and owed to Tier 1 suppliers from the debtor data store; The investors who are to be provided with funds at a discount rate to repay the first A / R owed to the Tier 1 supplier; In response to the funds, determine the total annual interest rate and total interest cost; Identify Tier 2 suppliers who have second accounts receivable (A / R) certified by the Tier 1 suppliers; Identify Tier 3 suppliers that possess a third A / R certified by the aforementioned Tier 2 suppliers; Based on the total interest cost, determine the individual annual interest rate and individual interest cost for each of the Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 suppliers, wherein each individual annual interest rate and each individual interest cost are lower than the annual interest rate and the total interest cost; and At least in part based on the funds, each of the first A / R, the second A / R, and the third A / R is settled; and When the investor receives the certified amount, the total interest cost will be provided to the investor as maturity income.

15. The processor of claim 14, wherein, At least one of the Tier 1 suppliers, Tier 2 suppliers, or Tier 3 suppliers retains a portion of the funds.

16. The processor of claim 14, wherein, The total annual interest rate is automatically calculated by one or more Supply Chain Liquidity Optimization Platform (SCLOP) algorithms, or is established by the SCLOP administrator.

17. The processor of claim 14, wherein, The investors are selected based on a set of investor parameters or at least one of the parameters used in the bidding process.

18. The processor of claim 14, wherein, Establish a circulating flow of money within one or more supply chains.

19. The processor of claim 14, wherein, The one or more circuits are further used for: Define bottleneck criteria for the participants; Bottleneck determination is assigned to the participants; and The participants were selected based at least in part on the bottleneck determination.

20. The processor of claim 14, wherein, The debtor is either an investment-grade debtor or a government entity.

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