Communication method, apparatus, computer readable medium, and computer device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, device, computer readable medium and computer device. The communication method is executed by a terminal device, and includes: extracting a service flow characteristic parameter of a multimedia service from a protocol layer of the terminal device; and reporting the extracted service flow characteristic parameter to a network device, so that the network device performs optimization processing on a transmission process of the multimedia service according to the service flow characteristic parameter. The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application can provide more accurate traffic characteristic data through the terminal device, enhance the system flexibility, and thus improve the transmission effect of the multimedia service.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of computer and communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication method, apparatus, computer-readable medium, and computer equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of 5th-generation mobile communication technology (5G) and its subsequent evolution systems (such as 5G-A and 6G), especially the rapid popularization of high-bandwidth multimedia services, networks face unprecedented challenges in terms of data transmission flexibility, dynamism, and refined control of Quality of Service (QoS). However, in related technologies, the traffic characteristics and QoS parameters of multimedia services mainly rely on the interaction between the Application Function (AF) and the 5G Core Network (5GC). While this mechanism can meet the needs of downlink services to a certain extent, it can introduce errors due to factors such as latency or network jitter, and it also cannot provide good support for uplink services, thus affecting the transmission quality of multimedia services. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of this application provide a communication method, apparatus, computer-readable medium, and computer device, which can provide more accurate traffic characteristic data through terminal devices, enhance system flexibility, and thus improve the transmission effect of multimedia services.

[0004] Other features and advantages of this application will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part by practice of this application.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication method executed by a terminal device. The communication method includes: extracting service flow characteristic parameters of a multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device; and reporting the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to a network device so that the network device optimizes the transmission process of the multimedia service based on the service flow characteristic parameters.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device applied to a terminal device. The communication device includes: an extraction unit configured to extract service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device; and a reporting unit configured to report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to a network device, so that the network device can optimize the transmission process of the multimedia service based on the service flow characteristic parameters.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the communication method as described in the above embodiments.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer device, including: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more computer programs, wherein when the one or more computer programs are executed by the one or more processors, the computer device enables the communication method as described in the above embodiments.

[0009] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product comprising a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program, causing the computer device to perform the communication methods provided in the various alternative embodiments described above.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the terminal device can extract service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from its own protocol layer, and then report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the network device, so that the network device can optimize the transmission process of multimedia services based on the service flow characteristic parameters. It is evident that the technical solution of this application, by having the terminal device directly extract service flow characteristic parameters (such as periodic parameters, burst parameters, etc.) from its own protocol layer, enables the terminal device to provide more real-time information, avoiding the delays and errors that may occur due to reliance on information provided by the core network or AF. Compared to the method of relying on the interaction between AF and the 5G core network to obtain service flow characteristic parameters, the method of extracting service flow characteristic parameters by the terminal device in this application is closer to actual business needs, especially in asymmetric service flow scenarios (such as for uplink services), and can provide more accurate traffic characteristic data. At the same time, the active participation of the terminal device in the extraction and reporting of service flow characteristics reduces the dependence on the core network and AF, enhances system flexibility, and alleviates the pressure on the core network. The technical solutions of this application are particularly suitable for multimedia services that require strong interaction, and can provide more refined traffic scheduling and resource allocation for uplink and downlink service flows, thereby significantly improving the user experience.

[0011] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture to which the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied is shown;

[0013] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the transmission process of a multimedia data packet according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0014] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a system architecture according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0015] Figure 4 A flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0016] Figure 5 A flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0017] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a UE obtaining permission to perform service traffic feature extraction according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0018] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a key network element architecture for a 5G network is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0020] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system suitable for implementing the computer device of the present application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in a more comprehensive manner with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to these examples; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be more comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0022] Furthermore, the features, structures, or characteristics described in this application can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to provide a full understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that when implementing the technical solutions of this application, not all the detailed features in the embodiments may be used, one or more specific details may be omitted, or other methods, elements, devices, steps, etc., may be employed.

[0023] In this application embodiment, the terms "module" or "unit" refer to a computer program or part of a computer program that has a predetermined function and works with other related parts to achieve a predetermined goal, and can be implemented wholly or partially using software, hardware (such as processing circuitry or memory), or a combination thereof. Similarly, a processor (or multiple processors or memory) can be used to implement one or more modules or units. Furthermore, each module or unit can be part of an overall module or unit that includes the functionality of that module or unit.

[0024] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0025] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, while others can be combined or partially combined; therefore, the actual execution order may change depending on the specific circumstances.

[0026] It should be noted that "multiple" in this article refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0027] It is understood that this application may display a prompt interface or pop-up window before and during the collection of relevant data (such as application-layer business flow characteristic parameters). This prompt interface or pop-up window is used to inform the user that relevant data is being collected. This ensures that the application only begins executing the relevant data acquisition steps after receiving confirmation from the user regarding the prompt interface or pop-up window; otherwise (i.e., without user confirmation), the relevant data acquisition steps end, and no relevant data is acquired. In other words, all data collected by this application is collected with the user's consent and authorization, and the collection, use, and processing of relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0028] With the development of 5G and its subsequent evolution systems (such as 5G-A, 6G, etc.), many multimedia services requiring high data volumes and low latency have been applied. These include interactive services such as cloud gaming, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), cinematic reality (CR), and XR and media services (XRM).

[0029] For example, in Figure 1 In the cloud gaming scenario shown, cloud server 101 runs the cloud game. Cloud server 101 renders the game screen, encodes the audio signals and rendered images, and finally transmits the encoded data to various game clients via the network. The game client can be a user equipment (UE) with basic streaming media playback capabilities, human-computer interaction capabilities, and communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, smart TV, smart home device, in-vehicle terminal, or aircraft; or the game client can be an application running on a terminal device. Specifically, the game client can decode the encoded data transmitted by cloud server 101 to obtain analog audio and video signals, and then play them.

[0030] It should be understood that, Figure 1 This is merely an exemplary representation of the system architecture of a cloud gaming system and does not limit the specific architecture of the cloud gaming system; for example, in other embodiments, the cloud gaming system may also include a backend server for scheduling, etc. Furthermore, the cloud server 101 can be an independent physical server, a server cluster composed of multiple physical servers, or a distributed system. It can also be a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content delivery networks (CDNs), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The game client and the cloud server 101 can be directly or indirectly connected via wired or wireless communication, which is not limited herein.

[0031] In the various multimedia-based interactive service application scenarios mentioned above, due to the large size of multimedia data packets, they need to be split into multiple data packets for transmission. Specifically, such as... Figure 2As shown, taking a 5G system as an example, the user plane mainly includes the application server, user plane function (UPF), base station (next generation nodeB, gNB), and UE. Multimedia data packet transmission in some typical service scenarios mainly occurs in the downlink direction, such as from the application server (AS) to the UPF, and then sent to the UE via the gNB. During transmission, multimedia data packets (in...) Figure 2 (Taking XR data packets as an example) The data packets are split at the application layer of the application server. After the split data packets arrive at the UPF as IP packets from the application server, the 5G system transmits the sub-data packets to the UE through the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session. At the UE, the data packets are submitted and reassembled from the protocol stack to recover the multimedia data packets.

[0032] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 As shown, an IP layer connection (i.e., IP connection 1) can be established between the UE and the application server. Simultaneously, the UE can also communicate with the UPF (located in...). Figure 3 In the core network shown, another IP layer connection (i.e., IP connection 2) is maintained between the UE and the application server. IP connection 1 is the connection between the UE and the application server, mainly used for data transmission between the UE and the application server; while IP connection 2 is the IP connection between the UE and internal network elements of the 5G core network (such as UPF). This connection is not visible to external entities and is mainly used to handle data transmission from the user equipment to the 5G core network, as well as the reverse data transmission. It should be noted that the IP connection between the UE and the UPF (i.e., IP connection 2) can be distinguished by IP address + port number.

[0033] Among them, Figure 2 and Figure 3In the system shown, L1 refers to the physical layer, which ensures that raw data can be transmitted over various physical media; L2 refers to the data link layer, which provides services to the network layer based on the services provided by the physical layer; the Internet Protocol (IP) layer is the network layer, used to realize data transmission between two end systems; UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol; GTP-U stands for GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Tunneling Protocol; PHY stands for Physical; MAC stands for Media Access Control; RLC stands for Radio Link Control; PDCP stands for Packet Data Convergence Protocol; and SDAP stands for Service Data Adaptation Protocol.

[0034] As mentioned earlier, for multimedia services (such as XRM services), it is common to divide a single multimedia data packet into multiple packets for transmission. A single multimedia service frame or group of packets (GoP) may also have a large byte size, requiring a series of IP packets to carry it. These IP packets have a certain correlation, and processing these messages based on this correlation can effectively save wireless network bandwidth. Meanwhile, multimedia service (such as XRM services) traffic typically includes multiple media types, such as audio, video, haptic, or other media types, and often uses different QoS flows for transmission to ensure optimal transmission performance. However, in related technologies, the traffic characteristics and QoS parameters of multimedia services mainly rely on the interaction between the Application Function (AF) and the 5GC. While this mechanism can meet the needs of downlink services to some extent, it can introduce errors due to latency or network jitter, and it does not provide good support for uplink services, thus affecting the transmission performance of multimedia services.

[0035] Based on the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a novel communication scheme that allows terminal devices to directly extract service flow characteristic parameters from their own protocol layer. This enables more real-time information provision by the terminal device, avoiding potential delays and errors caused by relying on information provided by the core network or AF (Automatic Front-End). Compared to the method of relying on the interaction between the AF and the 5G core network to obtain service flow characteristic parameters, the method of extracting service flow characteristic parameters by the terminal device in this application is closer to actual business needs, especially in asymmetric service flow scenarios (such as uplink services), providing more accurate traffic characteristic data. Simultaneously, the active participation of the terminal device in the extraction and reporting of service flow characteristics reduces dependence on the core network and AF, enhances system flexibility, and alleviates the pressure on the core network. Furthermore, the technical solution of this application is particularly suitable for multimedia services requiring strong interaction, providing more refined traffic scheduling and resource allocation for uplink and downlink service flows, thereby significantly improving the user experience.

[0036] The implementation details of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are described in detail below:

[0037] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown. This communication method can be executed by a terminal device or by other electronic devices. (Refer to...) Figure 4 As shown, this communication method includes at least S410 to S420, which are described in detail below:

[0038] In S410, the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0039] It should be noted that multimedia services can include cloud gaming, VR, AR, MR, XR, XRM, CR, etc. The service flow of multimedia services can be transmitted using a set of service data packets (PDUs). This is because a single multimedia service frame or GOP-generated data packet may be quite large, requiring it to be split into a series of data packets for transmission. These data packets have a certain correlation, hence the term PDU set. In other embodiments of this application, the service flow of multimedia services can also be transmitted per-packet; or a portion of the service flow can be transmitted using a set of service data packets, while another portion can be transmitted per-packet.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, service flow characteristic parameters are various parameters used to describe the characteristics of multimedia service traffic. These parameters help network devices better understand service requirements and optimize the transmission process. Examples include periodicity, burst size, bandwidth requirement, latency sensitivity, packet loss tolerance, QoS flow identifiers, encryption / decryption characteristics, traffic pattern, user behavior characteristics, and so on.

[0041] Periodicity parameters describe the periodicity of data packet generation or transmission, and are primarily applicable to data transmission scenarios with fixed time intervals, such as audio streams in video conferencing. Specific indicators that can be used for periodicity parameters include: the time interval between data packet generation, and periodic jitter parameters (i.e., the deviation between the actual period and the theoretical period).

[0042] Burst parameters describe a sudden surge in data volume within a short period, primarily applicable to applications requiring short-term high bandwidth, such as games and file uploads. Specific metrics that can be used for burst parameters include: the size of the burst data volume (in bytes or bits), the burst duration, and the burst frequency (the number of burst events occurring per unit of time).

[0043] Bandwidth requirements describe the average or peak bandwidth needed for service flows and are primarily used to assess the network resource demands of services. Specific metrics for bandwidth requirements may include: Average Bandwidth, Peak Bandwidth, and Minimum Guaranteed Bandwidth.

[0044] Latency sensitivity describes a service's tolerance for latency. It is primarily applicable to real-time applications (such as voice calls and online games) because these services are highly sensitive to latency. Specific metrics for latency sensitivity may include: Maximum Latency and Jitter (the range of latency variation).

[0045] Packet loss tolerance describes a service's ability to tolerate packet loss. Different services have different packet loss tolerances. For example, some services (such as video streaming) can tolerate a certain degree of packet loss, while other services (such as voice calls) require extremely low packet loss rates. Specific metrics for packet loss tolerance may include: Maximum Allowable Packet Loss Rate and whether forward error correction (FEC) is supported.

[0046] QoS flow identifiers are used to distinguish different types of service flows (such as audio, video, haptic feedback, etc.) and can be used to support differentiated processing of multimodal services. Specific metrics for QoS flows may include: the priority of each QoS flow, and the mapping relationship of QoS flows (such as the mapping relationship with DSCP or 5QI).

[0047] Encryption and decryption characteristics describe whether a service flow is encrypted and the impact of the encryption method on traffic characteristics. Terminal devices may not be able to decrypt user data, but encryption and decryption characteristics can be extracted by analyzing the external characteristics of encrypted traffic (such as bandwidth and periodicity). Specific indicators of encryption and decryption characteristics may include, for example, whether end-to-end encryption is used, the encryption algorithm, and its impact on transmission efficiency.

[0048] Traffic patterns describe the overall transmission patterns of business flows and can be used to predict traffic demand over a future period. Specific metrics for traffic patterns may include: traffic distribution (e.g., uniform distribution, Poisson distribution), long-term trends (e.g., peak business hours), etc.

[0049] User behavior characteristics are parameters that reflect user operating habits or application usage patterns, and can be applied to scenarios involving personalized optimization and dynamic adjustment of network resource allocation. Specific indicators of user behavior characteristics may include, for example, user interaction frequency, and the time interval between application startup and shutdown.

[0050] In some optional embodiments, if the service flow characteristic parameters include periodic parameters, then when the terminal device extracts the periodic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device, it can extract the periodic parameters of the uplink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device, or it can extract the periodic parameters of the downlink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0051] In some optional embodiments, if the service flow characteristic parameters include burst parameters, then when the terminal device extracts the burst parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device, it can extract both the burst parameters of the uplink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device and the burst parameters of the downlink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0052] In some optional embodiments, if the service flow characteristic parameters include bandwidth requirements, then when the terminal device extracts the bandwidth requirements of the multimedia service from the terminal device's protocol layer, if at least two media streams of the multimedia service use the same encrypted transport layer connection or application layer connection, the total bandwidth of at least two media streams can be extracted from the terminal device's protocol layer. For example, if the audio and video streams of the multimedia service use the same encrypted transport layer connection or application layer connection, then since the multimedia service cannot be decrypted, the total bandwidth of the audio and video streams can be extracted.

[0053] In some optional embodiments, if at least two media streams of a multimedia service use different transport layer connections or application layer connections, the service flow characteristic parameters corresponding to the at least two media streams can be extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device. For example, if the audio stream and video stream of a multimedia service use different transport layer connections or application layer connections, then the service flow characteristic parameters corresponding to the audio stream and the service flow characteristic parameters corresponding to the video stream can be extracted respectively.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device may extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services under the configuration of the network device, rather than doing so autonomously. Specifically, the terminal device may receive a configuration instruction sent by the network device, which instructs the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services. The terminal device then extracts the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from its protocol layer according to the configuration instruction.

[0055] Optionally, when receiving configuration instructions from network devices, the terminal device may receive configuration instructions sent by access network elements (such as base station equipment) through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling, or it may receive configuration instructions sent by core network elements (such as Session Management Function (SMF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), etc.) through Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) signaling.

[0056] In some optional embodiments, the configuration instructions sent by the network device can be used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service within a specified time range.

[0057] In some optional embodiments, the configuration instructions sent by the network device can be used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service between the service start time and the service end time.

[0058] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device may also extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services autonomously. For example, the terminal device may extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services autonomously based on configuration information (such as periodic information, triggering timing information, etc.).

[0059] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device may extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service only after obtaining the permission instruction. This is because the service flow characteristic parameters of the application layer may contain sensitive information of the user, such as communication content, usage habits or geographical location. Therefore, by obtaining the permission instruction, it can be ensured that the user clearly knows which data will be collected, how it will be used and whether it will be shared with third parties.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, when the terminal device obtains an authorization instruction, it can display a graphical user interface on the terminal device and then receive the instruction triggered by the user to allow the acquisition of service flow characteristic parameters through the graphical user interface.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, when the terminal device obtains the permission instruction, it can interact with the application function network element to obtain the instruction sent by the application function network element to allow the acquisition of service flow characteristic parameters.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, when the terminal device obtains the permission instruction, it can interact with the access network element to obtain the instruction sent by the access network element to allow the acquisition of service flow characteristic parameters.

[0063] In some optional embodiments, when obtaining an permission instruction, the terminal device may interact with core network elements (such as AMF, SMF, etc.) to obtain the instruction sent by the core network element allowing the acquisition of service flow characteristic parameters.

[0064] In some optional embodiments, when the terminal device extracts the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device, it can extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device through the operating system of the terminal device.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, when the terminal device extracts the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device, it can do so through a chip-level interface.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, when the terminal device extracts the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device, it may call the application programming interface in the operating system or the application programming interface in the chip to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0067] Continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, in S420, the extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the network device so that the network device can optimize the transmission process of multimedia services based on the service flow characteristic parameters.

[0068] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device can report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the access network element (such as the base station device) via radio resource control signaling, so that the access network element can perform network optimization processing based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device can report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the core network element (such as AMF, SMF, or Policy Control Function (PCF)) through the control plane, and then the core network element can perform network optimization processing based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device.

[0070] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device can report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function network element via the user plane. The user plane function network element can then transmit these parameters to the control plane network element (such as SMF, PCF, etc.) in the core network. The control plane network element can then perform network optimization processing based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device. Optionally, if a direct IP connection is established between the terminal device and the user plane function network element (e.g., ...), the terminal device can perform network optimization. Figure 3 As shown in IP connection 2), the terminal device can report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function network element through this direct IP connection. Alternatively, the terminal device can also send the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the access network element, so that the access network element can report the service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function network element.

[0071] In some optional embodiments, the terminal device may also use the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to optimize the process of transmitting multimedia services. For example, the terminal device may use the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to optimize the uplink service transmission process.

[0072] Optionally, when performing network optimization based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device, multiple aspects may be involved, such as resource allocation, scheduling strategy adjustment, and service quality assurance.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the bandwidth allocated to a multimedia service can be dynamically adjusted based on the bandwidth requirements of the multimedia service (such as average bandwidth and peak bandwidth). Specifically, different priorities and bandwidth shares can be allocated to the multimedia service (or different service streams of the multimedia service) by adjusting the QoS parameters of the multimedia service (or different service streams of the multimedia service). For example, when a high-definition video stream requires high bandwidth, more resources can be allocated first; low-priority tasks such as file downloads are allocated the remaining bandwidth after high-priority tasks are completed.

[0074] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission order and timing of service data packets can be optimized based on the periodic or burst parameters of the multimedia service. For example, for periodic services (such as voice calls), transmission can be ensured at fixed time intervals to reduce latency jitter; for bursty services (such as real-time interaction in games), data packets can be quickly responded to and transmitted when the network is idle.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, necessary resources can be reserved in the network in advance based on the long-term trends or predictions of the traffic characteristics of multimedia services. For example, sufficient bandwidth and computing resources can be allocated in advance before a user initiates a high-definition video conference; peak periods can be predicted based on historical traffic patterns, and resource configurations can be adjusted in advance.

[0076] In some embodiments of this application, latency and jitter control can be performed based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device. For example, for latency-sensitive services (such as voice calls and online games), measures can be taken to reduce transmission latency and jitter.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, measures can be taken to reduce or compensate for packet loss based on the packet loss tolerance of the service flow, so as to control the packet loss rate. For example, for voice calls or video conferences, packet loss should be avoided as much as possible to ensure communication quality; while for non-real-time services such as file transfer, a certain degree of packet loss can be tolerated and recovery can be achieved through retransmission mechanisms.

[0078] In some embodiments of this application, multi-path transmission optimization can be performed based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device, such as using multiple network paths (e.g., mobile network and Wi-Fi) to transmit the same service flow, thereby improving transmission efficiency and reliability.

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, QoS flow management can be performed based on the service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device. For example, different QoS parameters (such as priority, latency, and bandwidth) can be assigned according to different types of service flows (such as audio, video, and haptic feedback).

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, caching optimization can be performed based on service flow characteristic parameters reported by the terminal device. For example, content that may be needed can be cached or prefetched based on traffic patterns and user behavior characteristics. Specifically, in video-on-demand services, the next episode can be cached in advance based on user viewing habits; popular content can also be cached at network edge nodes (Edge Computing) to reduce origin requests.

[0081] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the service flow characteristic parameters extracted by the terminal device can be uplink service flow characteristic parameters, downlink service flow characteristic parameters, or both uplink and downlink service flow characteristic parameters.

[0082] For communication between a terminal device and an application server, the uplink service flow refers to the multimedia service flow sent from the terminal device to the application server, and the downlink service flow refers to the multimedia service flow sent from the application server to the terminal device. For communication between a non-terminal device and an application server, such as a point-to-point communication, the uplink service flow can refer to the multimedia service flow sent from the terminal device to the peer device, and the downlink service flow can refer to the multimedia service flow sent from the peer device to the terminal device. In other words, for bidirectional communication, bidirectional multimedia service flows may be generated. The technical solution of this application embodiment can be applied to extracting and reporting service flow characteristic parameters of either direction of the bidirectional multimedia service flow or the bidirectional multimedia service flow.

[0083] The following combination Figures 5 to 7 The implementation details of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described again:

[0084] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown. This communication method can be executed by a terminal device or by other electronic devices. (Refer to...) Figure 5 As shown, this communication method includes at least S501 to S504, which are described in detail below:

[0085] In S501, the UE obtains permission to perform service traffic feature extraction.

[0086] In some optional embodiments, the service traffic characteristics are the service flow characteristic parameters described in the preceding embodiments, such as periodic parameters, burst parameters, bandwidth requirements, latency sensitivity, packet loss tolerance, QoS flow identifiers, encryption and decryption characteristics, traffic patterns, etc. The UE can extract service traffic characteristics after obtaining consent.

[0087] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, after the UE establishes a PDU session and establishes an end-to-end connection with the application server, the UE can obtain permission to perform service traffic feature extraction in several ways. For example, the UE can obtain permission through a graphical user interface (GUI); or the UE can interact with the AF to obtain permission from the AF; or the UE can request permission from the 5GC network element to obtain a permission response from the 5GC network element. Optionally, the UE can also request permission from the NG-RAN to obtain a permission response from the 5GC network element.

[0088] It should be noted that whether the UE requests permission from 5GC or NG-RAN, it can represent the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) to grant permission for the extraction of service traffic characteristics.

[0089] In S502, after the UE is authorized to extract service traffic characteristics, the network side performs configuration.

[0090] In some optional embodiments, after the UE is authorized to extract service traffic features, the network side can configure the UE to start performing service traffic feature extraction processing, that is, the UE does not need to extract service traffic features in an autonomous manner.

[0091] Optionally, if the configuration is performed by a core network element (such as AMF, SMF, etc.), the core network element can be configured via NAS signaling; if the configuration is performed by an access network element (such as a base station), the access network element can be configured via RRC signaling or MAC signaling.

[0092] Optionally, the network side can configure the time range for extracting service traffic characteristics to the UE, such as configuring a start time and an end time. Alternatively, the network side can also configure the UE to extract service traffic characteristics at the start of multimedia services and stop extracting service traffic characteristics at the end of multimedia services.

[0093] In S503, the UE obtains service traffic characteristics, such as periodic parameters and burst parameters.

[0094] In some alternative embodiments, the data transmission process between the UE and the peer device (such as an application server) is encrypted. In this case, the UE can obtain the data bandwidth characteristics even if it cannot decrypt the user data. Therefore, if different media flows of a multimedia service use an encrypted transport layer or application layer connection, the UE can obtain the total bandwidth of the different media flows of the multimedia service.

[0095] In some alternative embodiments, if the multimedia service uses multiple QoS flows, and each QoS flow uses a different transport layer or application layer connection, then the UE can extract service traffic characteristics for each different QoS flow.

[0096] In some optional embodiments, the UE can extract service traffic characteristics through the interaction between the UE App and the UE's Uu protocol stack. This interaction can be implemented through the operating system (OS) or provided directly to the App by the Uu protocol stack from the chip. If implemented through the OS, different types of OS need to support this function; if implemented at the chip level, this function can be defined as an interface provided by the chip from the protocol stack to the App layer. Optionally, the App layer can also obtain relevant parameters of the underlying protocol stack through calls provided by the OS or the chip.

[0097] In some alternative embodiments, if the service traffic characteristics include periodic parameters, then for periodic multimedia services, the UE may extract periodic parameters only for the uplink service flow, or only for the downlink service flow, or it may extract periodic parameters for both the uplink and downlink service flows.

[0098] It should be noted that the periodic parameters of uplink traffic extracted by the UE can compensate for the limitations of relying solely on periodic parameters provided by the AF and core network. For example, it can provide a reference for periodic parameters of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic. The periodic parameters of downlink traffic extracted by the UE can be applied to scenarios where the core network does not support the extraction of periodic parameters. Alternatively, even after the core network has provided the periodic parameters of downlink traffic, the UE can still extract the periodic parameters of downlink traffic for verification and comparison with the periodic parameters provided by the network side.

[0099] In some alternative embodiments, if the service traffic characteristics include burst parameters, then for multimedia services with bursts, the UE may extract burst parameters only for the uplink service flow, or only for the downlink service flow, or it may extract burst parameters for both the uplink and downlink service flows.

[0100] It should be noted that the burst parameters of uplink traffic extracted by the UE can compensate for the limitations of relying solely on burst parameters provided by the AF and core network. For example, it can provide a reference for burst parameters of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic. The burst parameters of downlink traffic extracted by the UE can be used in scenarios where the core network does not support burst parameter extraction, or as a reference when the core network provides burst parameters but they are inaccurate due to certain factors.

[0101] Continue to refer to Figure 5 As shown, in S504, the UE notifies the base station or core network element of the obtained service traffic characteristics.

[0102] In some optional embodiments, the UE can notify the base station of the acquired service traffic characteristics via RRC signaling, so that the base station can generate relevant traffic optimization parameters accordingly.

[0103] In some optional embodiments, the UE can notify the UPF of the acquired service traffic characteristics via the user plane, and then the core network can generate relevant traffic optimization parameters. For example, the UE can notify the UPF of the acquired service traffic characteristics via a direct IP connection established with the UPF; or the UE can send the acquired service traffic characteristics to the base station, and then the base station can notify the UPF.

[0104] In some optional embodiments, the UE can notify the core network elements (such as AMF, SMF, PCF, etc.) of the acquired service traffic characteristics through the control plane, and then the core network can generate relevant traffic optimization parameters.

[0105] Specifically, taking 5G systems as an example, such as Figure 7 The diagram shows the key network element architecture of 5G networks as defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Among these, AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), and Unified Data Management (UDM) are core network elements of the 5G network. The UE can be a 5G terminal such as a mobile phone or tablet; (R)AN (Radio Access Network) can be a 5G base station; and DN (Data Network) is the data network, i.e., the service server accessed by the UE.

[0106] The AMF is responsible for terminating the N2 interface of the base station control plane and implementing the encoding and decoding of the Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) based on the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). The base station and AMF transmit the NGAP application layer protocol through the SCTP transport layer protocol, and carry the UE's NAS signaling data in the NGAP. The AMF is also responsible for terminating the UE's N1 interface, implementing NAS encryption and integrity protection, and is responsible for UE access authentication, authorization management, registration, connection, reachability and mobility management functions, as well as the transparent transmission of session management messages between the UE and the SMF.

[0107] In addition, (R)AN interacts with UPF via the N3 interface; UPFs interact with each other via the N9 interface; UPFs interact with SMF via the N4 interface; UPFs interact with DN via the N6 interface; SMFs interact with AMF via the N11 interface; SMFs interact with PCF via the N7 interface; SMFs interact with UDM via the N10 interface; PCFs interact with Application Function (AF) via the N5 interface; AMFs interact with each other via the N14 interface; AMFs interact with PCF via the N15 interface; AMFs interact with UDM via the N8 interface; AMFs interact with NSSF via the N22 interface; AMFs interact with AUSF via the N12 interface; and AUSFs interact with UDM via the N13 interface.

[0108] based on Figure 7 In the system architecture shown, the UE can notify the UPF of the acquired service traffic characteristics through the N3 interface between (R)AN and UPF. Alternatively, the UE can notify the AMF of the acquired service traffic characteristics through the N2 interface between (R)AN and AMF, and then the AMF forwards the information to the SMF through the N11 interface, and the SMF forwards it to the PCF through the N7 interface.

[0109] In some alternative embodiments, the UE may also directly use the acquired service traffic characteristics to schedule uplink service flows.

[0110] The technical solutions of the above embodiments of this application do not rely solely on the interaction between AF and 5GC to obtain multimedia traffic characteristics, but can obtain traffic characteristics on the terminal side to optimize transmission parameters. Compared with mechanisms that rely solely on AF and 5GC, this mechanism can obtain more and more real-time information for uplink service transmission optimization, enabling better support for bidirectional, highly interactive multimedia services.

[0111] It should be noted that the technical solutions of this application are not only applicable to 5G systems, but also to future mobile communication systems.

[0112] The following describes an embodiment of the apparatus described in this application, which can be used to execute the communication method described in the above embodiments of this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the communication method described above.

[0113] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The communication device is applied to a terminal device and may also be applied to other electronic devices.

[0114] Reference Figure 8 As shown, a communication device 800 according to an embodiment of this application includes: an extraction unit 802 and a reporting unit 804.

[0115] The extraction unit 802 is configured to extract service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device; the reporting unit 804 is configured to report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the network device so that the network device can optimize the transmission process of the multimedia service according to the service flow characteristic parameters.

[0116] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the extraction unit 802 is configured to: receive a configuration instruction sent by a network device, the configuration instruction being used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service; and extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device according to the configuration instruction.

[0117] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the extraction unit 802 is configured to: receive configuration instructions sent by access network elements through radio resource control signaling or media access control signaling, or receive configuration instructions sent by core network elements through non-access stratum signaling.

[0118] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the configuration instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service within a specified time range.

[0119] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the configuration instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service between the service start time and the service end time of the multimedia service.

[0120] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the extraction unit 802 is configured to: if an instruction to allow the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters is received, then extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0121] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the communication device 800 further includes an acquisition unit, the acquisition unit being configured to perform at least one of the following steps:

[0122] Display a graphical user interface to receive, through the graphical user interface, a user-triggered instruction to allow access to the service flow characteristic parameters;

[0123] Interact with the application function network element to obtain the instruction sent by the application function network element allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters;

[0124] Interact with access network elements to obtain instructions from the access network elements allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters;

[0125] Interact with core network elements to obtain instructions from the core network elements allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters.

[0126] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the service flow characteristic parameters include bandwidth; the extraction unit 802 is configured to: if at least two media streams of the multimedia service use the same encrypted transport layer connection or application layer connection, then extract the total bandwidth of the at least two media streams from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0127] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the extraction unit 802 is configured to: if at least two media streams of the multimedia service use different transport layer connections or application layer connections respectively, then extract the service flow characteristic parameters corresponding to the at least two media streams respectively from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0128] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the extraction unit 802 is configured to extract multimedia service flow characteristic parameters from the protocol layer of the terminal device through at least one of the following methods:

[0129] The service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device through the operating system of the terminal device.

[0130] The service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device through a chip-level interface.

[0131] The application programming interface (API) in the operating system or the application programming interface in the chip is invoked to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0132] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the service flow characteristic parameters include periodic parameters; the extraction unit 802 is configured to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device in at least one of the following ways: extracting the periodic parameters of the uplink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device; extracting the periodic parameters of the downlink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0133] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the service flow characteristic parameters include burst parameters; the extraction unit 802 is configured to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device in at least one of the following ways: extracting the burst parameters of the uplink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device; extracting the burst parameters of the downlink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

[0134] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the reporting unit 804 is configured to report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the network device in at least one of the following ways:

[0135] The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the access network element via radio resource control signaling;

[0136] The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the core network elements via the control plane.

[0137] The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the user plane function network element via the user plane method.

[0138] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, a direct Internet Protocol connection is established between the terminal device and the user plane function network element; the step of reporting the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function network element via the user plane includes:

[0139] The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the user plane function network element via the direct Internet Protocol connection; or

[0140] The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are sent to the access network element, so that the access network element reports the service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function element.

[0141] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the communication device 800 further includes: a processing unit configured to optimize the process of the terminal device transmitting the multimedia service using the extracted service flow characteristic parameters.

[0142] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system suitable for implementing the computer device of the present application is shown. The computer device may be the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments.

[0143] It should be noted that, Figure 9 The computer system 900 of the computer device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0144] like Figure 9 As shown, the computer system 900 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 901, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on programs stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) 902 or programs loaded from storage portion 908 into Random Access Memory (RAM) 903, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. The RAM 903 also stores various programs and data required for system operation. The CPU 901, ROM 902, and RAM 903 are interconnected via a bus 904. An Input / Output (I / O) interface 905 is also connected to the bus 904.

[0145] The following components can be connected to I / O interface 905: input section 906 including keyboard, mouse, etc.; output section 907 including cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; storage section 908 including hard disk, etc.; and communication section 909 including network interface card, modem, etc. Communication section 909 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. Drive 910 is also connected to I / O interface 905 as needed. Removable media 911, such as disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 910 as needed so that computer programs read from them can be installed into storage section 908 as needed.

[0146] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 909, and / or installed from removable medium 911. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit (CPU) 901, it performs various functions defined in the system of this application.

[0147] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in the embodiments of this application can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a computer program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this application, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying a computer-readable computer program. The transmitted data signal can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. The computer-readable signal medium can also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer program contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0148] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and a computer program.

[0149] The units described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in software or hardware, and the described units can also be located in a processor. The names of these units do not necessarily limit the specific unit itself.

[0150] In another aspect, this application also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the computer device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the computer device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more computer programs, which, when executed by the computer device, cause the computer device to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0151] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments of this application, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0152] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to cause a computer device to execute the method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0153] For example, a computer device can be a terminal device, and then the terminal device can execute... Figure 4 or Figure 5 The communication method shown.

[0154] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0155] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The communication method is executed by a terminal device, and the communication method includes: Extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device; The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the network device so that the network device can optimize the transmission process of the multimedia service based on the service flow characteristic parameters.

2. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device, including: The terminal device receives a configuration instruction sent by a network device, the configuration instruction being used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service; According to the configuration instructions, the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

3. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Receive configuration commands sent by network devices, including: It receives configuration instructions sent by access network elements via radio resource control signaling or media access control signaling, or receives configuration instructions sent by core network elements via non-access stratum signaling.

4. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The configuration instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service within a specified time range; or The configuration instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service between the service start time and the service end time.

5. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device, including: If an instruction is received allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters, then the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

6. The communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The communication method further includes at least one of the following steps: Display a graphical user interface to receive, through the graphical user interface, a user-triggered instruction to allow access to the service flow characteristic parameters; Interact with the application function network element to obtain the instruction sent by the application function network element allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters; Interact with access network elements to obtain instructions from the access network elements allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters; Interact with core network elements to obtain instructions from the core network elements allowing the acquisition of the service flow characteristic parameters.

7. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The service flow characteristic parameters include bandwidth; the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device include: If at least two media streams of the multimedia service use the same encrypted transport layer connection or application layer connection, the total bandwidth of the at least two media streams is extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

8. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device, including: If at least two media streams of the multimedia service use different transport layer connections or application layer connections, then the service flow characteristic parameters corresponding to the at least two media streams are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

9. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting multimedia service flow characteristic parameters from the protocol layer of the terminal device, including at least one of the following methods: The service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device through the operating system of the terminal device. The service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services are extracted from the protocol layer of the terminal device through a chip-level interface. The application programming interface (API) in the operating system or the application programming interface in the chip is invoked to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

10. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The service flow characteristic parameters include periodic parameters; extracting the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device includes at least one of the following methods: Extract the periodic parameters of the uplink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device; Extract the periodic parameters of the downlink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

11. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The service flow characteristic parameters include burst parameters; extracting multimedia service service flow characteristic parameters from the protocol layer of the terminal device includes at least one of the following methods: Extract the burst parameters of the uplink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device; Extract burst parameters of the downlink media stream in the multimedia service from the protocol layer of the terminal device.

12. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the network device, including at least one of the following methods: The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the access network element via radio resource control signaling; The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the core network elements via the control plane. The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the user plane function network element via the user plane method.

13. The communication method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The terminal device establishes a direct Internet Protocol connection with the user plane function network element; the step of reporting the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function network element via the user plane includes: The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are reported to the user plane function network element via the direct Internet Protocol connection; or The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are sent to the access network element, so that the access network element reports the service flow characteristic parameters to the user plane function element.

14. The communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The communication method further includes: The extracted service flow characteristic parameters are used to optimize the process of the terminal device transmitting the multimedia service.

15. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is used in a terminal device, and the communication device includes: The extraction unit is configured to extract the service flow characteristic parameters of multimedia services from the protocol layer of the terminal device. The reporting unit is configured to report the extracted service flow characteristic parameters to the network device, so that the network device can optimize the transmission process of the multimedia service based on the service flow characteristic parameters.

16. A computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

17. A computer device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A memory for storing one or more computer programs that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the computer device to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

18. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a processor of a computer device reads from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program, causing the computer device to perform the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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