An end wall door mechanism mounting system and method for a railway vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of end wall door mechanism mounting system of rail vehicle, mounting method, it is related to rail vehicle technical field.The end wall door mechanism mounting system of rail vehicle, including door mechanism mounting device and installation template device;Door mechanism mounting device is provided with the first installation end face towards end wall main structure outside;Side mounting seat device is provided with the second installation end face towards end wall main structure outside;Installation template device is provided with positioning end face.The end wall door mechanism mounting system of rail vehicle provided by the application allows the existence of position deviation of end wall main structure due to welding deformation, component machining error and assembly cumulative tolerance, the positioning end face of installation template device is simultaneously fitted with the first installation end face and the second installation end face, the multiple mounting seats that are positioned originally are unified to entity reference surface, the final fixed position of side mounting plate is limited, so that multiple installation end faces remain flush, and it is unnecessary to rely on multiple measurements and artificial repeated correction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and more specifically, to an end wall door mechanism installation system and installation method for rail vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The ends of rail vehicles are usually equipped with end wall main structures and end wall doors to separate and allow passage between adjacent cars. The end wall doors are generally fixed by multiple mounting seats distributed around the door opening. The mounting end faces of the multiple mounting seats need to maintain a high degree of coplanarity, and the mounting holes should also have high positional accuracy.

[0003] Rail vehicles are subjected to vibration and impact for a long time during operation. When the installation end face is uneven or the installation hole position is significantly deviated, problems such as uneven force, excessive local gaps, and loose connections may occur between the end wall gate and the mounting base, which may cause vibration and abnormal noise, or even affect the safety of the end wall gate.

[0004] Existing stainless steel end wall main structures are typically manufactured using welding methods. During the welding process, end wall columns, end wall beams, and door beams are prone to thermal deformation and cumulative dimensional errors. Since multiple mounting brackets for the end wall doors are arranged across the doorway, it is difficult to simultaneously guarantee the overall flatness of the mounting end face and the relative positional accuracy of each mounting hole by using separate measurement, positioning, and drilling methods.

[0005] In summary, how to provide an end-wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles that can improve the consistency and assembly efficiency of end-wall door installation is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, which can reduce the influence of end wall welding deformation and manufacturing tolerances on the mounting position, and improve the consistency and assembly efficiency of end wall door installation.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to provide a door mechanism installation device, an installation template device, and an installation method for an end wall door mechanism installation system applied to the aforementioned rail vehicle.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] An end-wall door mechanism installation system for a rail vehicle includes a door mechanism installation device and an installation template device;

[0010] The door mechanism installation device includes a central mounting base device and a side mounting base device. The central mounting base device is used to fix and connect the main end wall structure of the rail vehicle, and is provided with a first mounting end face facing the outside of the main end wall structure.

[0011] The side mounting bracket includes a support assembly for fixing the main structure of the end wall and a side mounting plate that is movably engaged with the support assembly. The side mounting plate is movable in a first direction before being fixed to the support assembly and is provided with a second mounting end face facing the outside of the main structure of the end wall.

[0012] The mounting template device is provided with a positioning end face facing the central mounting base device and the side mounting base device. The positioning end face is used to simultaneously fit with the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face in a movable state, so as to limit the position of the side mounting plate along the first direction before the side mounting plate is fixed to the support assembly, so that the second mounting end face is flush with the first mounting end face.

[0013] Optionally, one of the end wall main structure and the mounting template device is provided with a positioning protrusion, and the other is provided with a positioning recess adapted to the positioning protrusion. The positioning protrusion and the positioning recess cooperate with each other to limit the position of the mounting template device relative to the end wall main structure along the second direction.

[0014] The first direction is the direction in which the side mounting plate is positioned relative to the support assembly, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0015] Optionally, the mounting template device includes a template body and at least one positioning mechanism connected to the template body, the positioning end face being formed on the template body, and the positioning mechanism including a locking member, a first adjusting member, and a second adjusting member;

[0016] The first adjusting member is in a transmission engagement with the locking member, and is used to drive the locking member to move along the first direction to adjust the distance between the positioning end face and the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face;

[0017] The second adjusting member is connected to the locking member and can move relative to the locking member in a third direction. The main structure of the end wall is provided with a top tightening surface that cooperates with the locking member. The second adjusting member is used to make the locking member press against the top tightening surface to fix the template body so that the positioning end face simultaneously fits against the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face.

[0018] The third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.

[0019] Optionally, the length direction of the template body extends along the second direction, and the template body includes a plurality of drilled guides spaced apart along its length direction, and the positioning end face is formed on the side of the template body facing the door mechanism mounting device;

[0020] The central mounting base device is provided with a first drilling position, the side mounting plate is provided with a second drilling position, and the drilling guide is provided with a guide hole corresponding to the first drilling position or the second drilling position, so as to drill the first drilling position or the second drilling position through the guide hole.

[0021] Optionally, the mounting template device is provided with at least one magnetic element, and at least one of the central mounting base device and the side mounting plate is provided with a magnetic suction element that cooperates with the magnetic element;

[0022] When the positioning end face is simultaneously in contact with the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face, the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component are in an attracted state, so as to prevent the mounting template device from disengaging or misaligning relative to the central mounting base device and the side mounting plate.

[0023] A door mechanism installation device is used to install the end wall door mechanism of a rail vehicle in conjunction with a mounting template device, comprising a central mounting seat device and a side mounting seat device as described in any one of the above claims, wherein the side mounting seat devices are disposed on both sides of the central mounting seat device along a second direction.

[0024] The central mounting base device is used to fix and connect the end wall main structure of the rail vehicle, and is provided with a first mounting end face facing the outside of the end wall main structure.

[0025] The side mounting device includes a support assembly for fixing the main structure of the end wall and a side mounting plate that is movably engaged with the support assembly. The side mounting plate is movable in a first direction before being fixed to the support assembly, and the side mounting plate is provided with a second mounting end face facing the outside of the main structure of the end wall.

[0026] The first mounting end face and the second mounting end face are used to simultaneously fit against the positioning end face of the mounting template device.

[0027] Optionally, the central mounting base device includes a central mounting plate and a first threaded connection structure, wherein the first mounting end face is formed on the side of the central mounting plate facing the mounting template device;

[0028] The central mounting plate includes at least one central welded flange and multiple side welded flanges distributed on both sides of the central welded flange. The central mounting plate is resistance-welded to the door beam of the main structure of the end wall through the side welded flanges and the central welded flange.

[0029] The central mounting plate is provided with a first drilled hole, and the first threaded connection structure is fixedly connected to the side of the central mounting plate opposite to the first mounting end face and covers the first drilled hole.

[0030] Optionally, the support assembly includes a first support member and a second support member, the first support member and the second support member being spaced apart along a third direction and used to fixally connect different load-bearing components of the end wall main structure;

[0031] Both the first support member and the second support member are L-shaped structures, and both the first support member and the second support member include a vertically arranged fixing part and a horizontally arranged supporting part;

[0032] The side mounting plate is movable in a first direction between the two support portions before being connected to the support assembly; the side mounting plate includes a main body and connecting flanges formed by bending the two sides of the main body, the connecting flanges being used to connect to the support portions, the second mounting end face being formed on the side of the main body facing the mounting template device, and the two connecting flanges are respectively provided with a plurality of first welding process holes spaced apart along the second direction.

[0033] Optionally, the side mounting base device includes the side mounting plate and a second threaded connection structure, wherein the second mounting end face is formed on the side of the side mounting plate facing the mounting template device;

[0034] The side mounting plate is provided with a second drilling position, and the second threaded connection structure is fixedly connected to the side of the side mounting plate away from the second mounting end face and covers the second drilling position.

[0035] A mounting template device is used to cooperate with the door mechanism mounting device described in any of the above to install the end wall door mechanism of a rail vehicle. The mounting template device includes a template body, a plurality of drilling guides and at least one positioning mechanism.

[0036] The template body extends along the second direction and is provided with a positioning end face facing the central mounting base device and the side mounting plate. The positioning end face is used to fit against the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face in a movable state to limit the position of the side mounting plate along the first direction before the side mounting plate is fixed, so that the second mounting end face is flush with the first mounting end face.

[0037] Multiple drilling guides are spaced apart along the extension direction of the template body, and each is provided with a guide hole for guiding the drilling tool. The guide hole is used to guide the drilling position of the middle mounting base device and the side mounting plate respectively when the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face are kept flush.

[0038] The positioning mechanism is connected to the template body and is used to adjust and fix the position of the template body relative to the main structure of the end wall, so that the positioning end face simultaneously fits the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face.

[0039] Optionally, the template body is provided with a plurality of guide mounting holes, and the drilling guide is detachably connected to the corresponding guide mounting holes;

[0040] The template body has a positioning recess in the middle, which is used to cooperate with the positioning protrusion of the end wall main structure to limit the position of the template body relative to the end wall main structure along the second direction.

[0041] An installation method, applied to the end wall door mechanism installation system of any of the above-described rail vehicles, the installation method comprising:

[0042] The central mounting base device is fixedly connected to the main end wall structure of the rail vehicle, so that the central mounting base device forms a fixed assembly positioning reference facing the first mounting end face of the main end wall structure.

[0043] The support assembly of the side mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the main structure of the end wall, and the side mounting plate is movably engaged with the support assembly so that the side mounting plate can move along a first direction before being fixed to the support assembly. The side mounting plate is provided with a second mounting end face facing the outside of the main structure of the end wall.

[0044] Position the mounting template device relative to the main structure of the end wall, so that the positioning end face of the mounting template device fits against the first mounting end face;

[0045] Adjust the side mounting plate along the first direction until the second mounting end face is in contact with the positioning end face and the second mounting end face is flush with the first mounting end face;

[0046] The side mounting plate is fixedly connected to the support assembly;

[0047] Keep the positioning end face of the mounting template device in contact with both the first mounting end face and the second mounting end face, and align the multiple guide holes of the mounting template device with the first drilled hole position of the middle mounting base device and the second drilled hole position of the side mounting plate, respectively.

[0048] The drilling tool is passed through the corresponding guide holes in sequence to perform overall drilling on the first threaded connection structure connected to the back side of the central mounting base device and the second threaded connection structure connected to the back side of the side mounting plate.

[0049] Remove the mounting template device and tap the holes formed in the first threaded connection structure and the second threaded connection structure.

[0050] A rail vehicle includes the end wall main structure described in any one of the above claims and a door mechanism mounting device for mounting the end wall door mechanism.

[0051] The present invention provides an end wall door mechanism installation system for a rail vehicle, comprising a door mechanism installation device and an installation template device. The door mechanism installation device includes a central mounting base device and a side mounting base device. The central mounting base device is used to fix and connect the main end wall structure of the rail vehicle and is provided with a first mounting end face facing the outside of the main end wall structure. The side mounting base device includes a support component for fixing and connecting the main end wall structure and a side mounting plate that is movably fitted with the support component. The side mounting plate is movable along a first direction before being fixed to the support component and is provided with a second mounting end face facing the outside of the main end wall structure. The installation template device is provided with a positioning end face facing the central mounting base device and the side mounting base device. The positioning end face is used to simultaneously fit with the first mounting end face and the movable second mounting end face to limit the position of the side mounting plate along the first direction before the side mounting plate is fixed to the support component, so that the second mounting end face is flush with the first mounting end face.

[0052] When installing the end wall door mechanism, firstly, the central mounting base device is fixedly connected to the door crossbeam of the main structure of the end wall, so that the first mounting end face of the central mounting plate forms a relatively fixed assembly reference. Then, the first and second support members of the side mounting base device are fixed to the end wall column and the end wall crossbeam respectively, and the side mounting plate is placed in the support assembly, so that the side mounting plate is temporarily movable along the first direction. Next, the mounting template device is placed outside the door opening, and the position of the template body relative to the main structure of the end wall is adjusted by the positioning recess and positioning mechanism, so that the positioning end face is in contact with the first mounting end face. Then, the side mounting plate is moved along the first direction until the second mounting end face is also in contact with the positioning end face, so that the first mounting end face is flush with the second mounting end face. Maintaining the above contact state, the side mounting plate is welded and fixed to the support assembly. Finally, the first and second drilling positions are drilled and tapped as a whole with the help of the guide hole of the drilling guide, and the end wall door is installed.

[0053] The first mounting end face of the central mounting base device of the present invention serves as a fixed positioning reference. The side mounting plate can move along the first direction before being fixed to the support assembly, thus allowing positional deviations in the main structure of the end wall caused by welding deformation, component processing errors, and cumulative assembly tolerances. During installation, the positioning end face of the mounting template device simultaneously fits the first and second mounting end faces, unifying the multiple mounting bases that were originally positioned separately onto the solid reference surface. This directly restricts the final fixed position of the side mounting plate, keeping multiple mounting end faces flush without relying on multiple measurements and repeated manual corrections. At the same time, the mounting template device can also provide a unified position reference for subsequent overall drilling, enabling the flatness control of the mounting end face and the position control of the mounting hole to be completed in the same clamping state. This reduces the impact of end wall welding deformation on the installation accuracy of the end wall door, reduces local gaps, uneven stress, and vibration noise after the end wall door is assembled, and improves the consistency, reliability, and production efficiency of the end wall door installation. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the main structure of the end wall and the end wall door after assembly according to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the door mechanism installation device of the present invention connected to the main structure of the end wall.

[0057] Figure 3 This is a front view of the structure when the template device of the present invention is connected to the main structure of the end wall.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the door mechanism installation device of the present invention connected to the main structure of the end wall.

[0059] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial structural diagram showing the connection point between the middle gate mechanism installation device and the main structure of the end wall.

[0060] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.

[0061] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the side mounting plate.

[0062] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram showing another angle of the side mounting plate.

[0063] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A top view of the center mounting plate.

[0064] Figure 10 for Figure 8 A front view of the center mounting plate.

[0065] Figure 11 for Figure 8 Side view of the middle mounting plate.

[0066] Figure 12 for Figure 8 A bottom view of the center mounting plate.

[0067] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first support member of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the crossbeam on the door of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 15 This is a partial structural diagram of the installation template device of the present invention, which is positioned with the main structure of the end wall through the positioning recess.

[0070] Figure 16 This is a front view structural diagram of the mounting plate in the middle of the present invention connected to the upper beam of the door.

[0071] Figure 17 for Figure 16 Axonometric view of the middle structure.

[0072] Figure 18 for Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the end walls on both sides.

[0073] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first threaded connection structure of the present invention when it is connected to the back side of the middle mounting plate.

[0074] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting base device in the middle of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 21 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the connection position between the side mounting plate and the main end wall structure of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting template device of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 23 for Figure 22 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the drilling guide component.

[0078] Figure 24 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific embodiment of the installation method provided by the present invention.

[0079] Figures 1 to 24 middle:

[0080] 1. Central mounting bracket device;

[0081] 11 Middle mounting plate, 111 First mounting end face, 112 Middle welding flange, 113 Side welding flange, 114 First drilling position, 12 First threaded connection structure;

[0082] Two-sided mounting brackets;

[0083] 21 Side mounting plate, 211 Second mounting end face, 212 Second drilling position, 213 Main body, 214 Connecting flange, 2141 First welding process hole, 22 Support assembly, 221 First support member, 2211 Fixing part, 2212 Supporting part, 2213 Second welding process hole, 222 Second support member, 23 Second threaded connection structure member, 24 Magnetic suction member;

[0084] 3. Install the template device;

[0085] 31. Template body, 311. Positioning recess, 312. Positioning end face, 32. Drilling guide, 321. Guide hole, 33. Positioning mechanism, 331. Locking component, 332. First adjusting component, 333. Second adjusting component;

[0086] 4. Main structure of end walls; 41. Columns of end walls; 42. Horizontal beams of end walls; 43. Horizontal beams above doors;

[0087] 5. End wall door. Detailed Implementation

[0088] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] The core of this invention is to provide an end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, which can reduce the impact of end wall welding deformation and manufacturing tolerances on the mounting position, and improve the consistency and assembly efficiency of end wall door installation.

[0090] Another core aspect of this invention is to provide a door mechanism installation device, an installation template device, and an installation method for the end wall door mechanism installation system of the aforementioned rail vehicle.

[0091] In one specific embodiment, combined with Figure 3, Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 20 As shown, the end wall door mechanism installation system of the rail vehicle includes a door mechanism installation device and an installation template device 3. The door mechanism installation device includes a central mounting seat device 1 and a side mounting seat device 2. The central mounting seat device 1 is fixedly connected to the main end wall structure 4. The central mounting seat device 1 has a first mounting end face 111 facing the outside of the main end wall structure 4. The first mounting end face 111 serves as a relatively fixed reference surface during the assembly of the door mechanism installation device. The side mounting seat device 2 includes a support component 22 and a side mounting plate 21. The support component 22 is fixedly connected to the main end wall structure 4. The side mounting plate 21 is movably fitted with the support component 22 and moves along a first direction before being fixedly connected to the support component 22. The side mounting plate 21 has a second mounting end face 211 facing the outside of the main end wall structure 4. The installation template device 3 has a positioning end face 312 facing the central mounting seat device 1 and the side mounting seat device 2. The positioning end face 312 can simultaneously contact the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211 in a movable state, thereby constraining the position of the two mounting end faces using the same solid plane.

[0092] During use, firstly, the central mounting base device 1 is connected to the end wall main structure 4, so that the first mounting end face 111 forms a relatively stable assembly reference; then, the support assembly 22 is connected to the end wall main structure 4, and the side mounting plate 21 is kept in an adjustable state along the first direction, at which point the side mounting plate 21 is not yet fixed to the support assembly 22; subsequently, the mounting template device 3 is moved to the outer area of ​​the end wall main structure 4, so that the positioning end face 312 faces the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211, and the position of the mounting template device 3 is adjusted until... The positioning end face 312 is in contact with the first mounting end face 111. With the position of the mounting template device 3 remaining unchanged, the side mounting plate 21 is moved along the first direction so that the second mounting end face 211 gradually approaches the positioning end face 312 until the second mounting end face 211 is in contact with the positioning end face 312. At this time, the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211 are in contact with the same positioning end face 312 respectively, and the two are in a flush state. Then the side mounting plate 21 is fixedly connected to the support component 22, thereby completing the position determination of the side mounting base device 2.

[0093] In this embodiment, the first mounting end face 111 with a relatively fixed position is used as a reference, and the second mounting end face 211 is kept in an adjustable state before the side mounting plate 21 is fixed. This allows for welding deformation, part processing errors, and cumulative assembly tolerances in the main structure 4 of the end wall. The positioning end face 312 simultaneously fits the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211, which is equivalent to unifying the originally separately positioned middle mounting seat device 1 and side mounting seat device 2 to the same physical reference plane. It is not necessary to measure multiple installation positions separately, nor is it necessary to correct by repeatedly adding or removing shims or multiple disassemblies and reassemblies. The side mounting plate 21 is fixed to the support component 22 after reaching the target position, which can avoid the side mounting seat device 2 being unable to compensate for the dimensional deviation of the main structure 4 of the end wall due to pre-fixation. This improves the flatness of the overall mounting surface of the door mechanism mounting device, reduces the local gaps and uneven stress after the end wall door is assembled, and improves the assembly consistency and production efficiency.

[0094] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 15 As shown, a positioning protrusion and a positioning recess 311 are provided between the end wall main structure 4 and the mounting template device 3. The positioning protrusion can be provided on the end wall main structure 4, and the positioning recess 311 can be provided on the mounting template device 3. In other embodiments, the positioning protrusion can also be provided on the mounting template device 3, and the positioning recess 311 can be provided on the end wall main structure 4, as long as the two can restrict the position of the mounting template device 3 along the second direction when they cooperate. The first direction is the direction in which the side mounting plate 21 is adjusted relative to the support component 22. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The positioning protrusion and the positioning recess 311 are mainly used to restrict the mounting template device 3 from shifting along the second direction, so that the positioning end face 312 corresponds to the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211 in the second direction.

[0095] Specifically, in this application, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the first direction is the direction indicated by the X-axis, the second direction is the direction indicated by the Y-axis, and the third direction is the direction indicated by the Z-axis.

[0096] During use, the operator moves the mounting template device 3 close to the main structure of the end wall 4 and first aligns the positioning recess 311 with the positioning protrusion of the main structure of the end wall 4. As the mounting template device 3 moves closer to the main structure of the end wall 4, the positioning protrusion enters the positioning recess 311, and the inner wall of the positioning recess 311 forms a second-direction limit on the positioning protrusion. The mounting template device 3 thus obtains a lateral position corresponding to the main structure of the end wall 4. Then, the position of the mounting template device 3 along the first direction is adjusted so that the positioning end face 312 approaches the first mounting end face 111 until the positioning end face 312 is in contact with the first mounting end face 111. After the second-direction positioning of the mounting template device 3 is completed, the position of the side mounting plate 21 along the first direction is adjusted so that the second mounting end face 211 is in contact with the positioning end face 312. Thus, the template positioning and the side mounting plate position adjustment are completed in two mutually perpendicular directions.

[0097] In this specific embodiment, the cooperation between the positioning protrusion and the positioning recess 311 directly links the position of the mounting template device 3 along the second direction to the predetermined reference of the end wall main structure 4, which can reduce the deviation caused by manual observation of the template center line, tape measure measurement or line marking alignment; the positioning recess 311 forms a shape constraint on the positioning protrusion, which can provide guidance during the process of mounting the template device 3 close to the end wall main structure 4, so that the mounting template device 3 can quickly reach the predetermined lateral position; the first direction is used to adjust the front and rear position between the mounting end faces, and the second direction is used to determine the position of the template body 31 relative to the width direction of the door opening. The two positioning methods are independent of each other and cooperate with each other, which can prevent the mounting template device 3 from moving along the second direction when adjusting the position in the first direction, thereby improving the correspondence accuracy between the positioning end face 312 and each mounting seat, and providing a stable foundation for subsequent installation and processing operations.

[0098] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 22 As shown, the mounting device 3 for installing the template includes a template body 31 and at least one positioning mechanism 33. A positioning end face 312 is formed on the side of the template body 31 facing the door mechanism mounting device. The positioning mechanism 33 is connected to the template body 31 and includes a locking member 331, a first adjusting member 332, and a second adjusting member 333. The first adjusting member 332 is in a driving engagement with the locking member 331. The first adjusting member 332 can be an adjusting component that is threadedly engaged with the locking member 331 or the template body 31. When the first adjusting member 332 is moved, the locking member 331 moves along the first direction, thereby changing the distance between the template body 31 and the positioning end face 312 relative to the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211; the second adjusting member 333 is connected to the locking member 331 and can move relative to the locking member 331 along the third direction. The end wall main structure 4 has a top-tightening surface that cooperates with the locking member 331. The second adjusting member 333 drives the locking member 331 to press against the top-tightening surface to fix the position of the template body 31.

[0099] Specifically, the first adjusting member 332 and the second adjusting member 333 can both be set as adjusting bolts. By turning the adjusting bolts, the position of the locking member 331 can be adjusted, and the adjusting bolts can be tightened to the tightening surface.

[0100] During use, the positioning mechanism 33 is used to initially connect the template body 31 to the main structure of the end wall 4. At this time, the template body 31 still retains a certain position adjustment margin. The operator rotates the first adjusting member 332, and the thread or other transmission structure between the first adjusting member 332 and the locking member 331 converts the rotational motion into linear movement in the first direction. The locking member 331 drives the template body 31 to gradually approach or move away from the door mechanism mounting device, so that the distance between the positioning end face 312 and the first mounting end face 111 is finely adjusted. When the positioning end face 312 is in contact with the first mounting end face 111 and the side mounting plate 21 is adjusted to be in contact with the second mounting end face 211 and the positioning end face 312, the second adjusting member 333 is operated to move the second adjusting member 333 in the third direction and apply force to the main structure of the end wall 4 or the locking member 331. The locking member 331 thereby presses the top surface of the main structure of the end wall 4, and the position of the template body 31 in the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are jointly constrained.

[0101] The positioning mechanism 33 has both position adjustment and position locking functions. The first adjusting member 332 can continuously fine-tune the distance between the positioning end face 312 and the installation end face. Compared with directly pushing the template body 31, the threaded adjustment method has a smaller adjustment range and is easier to control, which can reduce repeated corrections caused by excessive movement of the template body 31. The second adjusting member 333 applies a clamping force along the third direction, so that the locking member 331 and the main structure of the end wall 4 form a reliable contact, which can prevent the template body 31 from loosening due to its own weight, operation vibration or external collision during the installation process. The first adjusting member 332 is responsible for adjustment, and the second adjusting member 333 is responsible for locking. The two have a clear division of labor, so that the installation template device 3 remains stable after the positioning end face 312 is in contact with the first installation end face 111 and the second installation end face 211, thereby improving the consistency of the fixed position of the side mounting plate 21.

[0102] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 22As shown, the template body 31 extends along the second direction in its length direction, and a plurality of drilling guides 32 are spaced apart along the length direction of the template body 31. The positioning end face 312 is formed on the side of the template body 31 facing the door mechanism mounting device. The central mounting base device 1 has a first drilling position 114, and the side mounting plate 21 has a second drilling position 212. Each drilling guide 32 has a guide hole 321. Some guide holes 321 correspond to the first drilling position 114, and the remaining guide holes 321 correspond to the second drilling position 212. The drilling guides 32 can be made of a material with higher hardness and wear resistance than the template body 31. When the drilling tool passes through the guide hole 321, the guide hole 321 restricts the axial direction of the drilling tool and reduces the wear caused by repeated drilling on the template body 31.

[0103] During use, after the positioning end face 312 is fixed in position with the first mounting end face 111, the second mounting end face 211, and the side mounting plate 21, the guide holes 321 are aligned with the first drilling position 114 and the second drilling position 212, respectively. The operator inserts the drill bit of the drilling tool into the corresponding guide hole 321. The guide hole 321 restricts the sway of the drill bit in the second and third directions, allowing the drill bit to move along the set axis towards the central mounting base device 1 or the side mounting plate 21. After drilling one hole, the drilling tool exits the current guide hole 321 and then enters the remaining guide holes 321 in sequence. Thus, while the mounting template device 3 maintains the same positioning state, multiple positions of the central mounting base device 1 and the side mounting plate 21 are drilled as a whole. During the drilling process, the positioning end face 312 keeps the two mounting end faces flush, so that the mounting surface position and the hole processing position are in the same reference system.

[0104] Multiple drilling guides 32 are spaced apart along the template body 31, which can pre-fix the relative positions between multiple mounting holes in the template device 3, eliminating the need for marking, punching, and measuring at each mounting seat separately; the guide holes 321 provide radial constraint on the drill bit, which can reduce slippage when the drill bit contacts the surface to be processed and reduce tilting errors caused by manual hand-held drilling; the first drilling position 114 and the second drilling position 212 are processed in the same template positioning state, which can make the hole position relationship between the middle mounting seat device 1 and the side mounting seat device 2 more accurate and avoid position changes caused by removing the positioning structure before drilling; the flatness control of the mounting end face and the position control of the mounting hole are completed by the same template body 31, which can improve the matching degree between the mounting hole of the end wall door and the connection position of the end wall door and reduce the probability of on-site rework.

[0105] In one specific embodiment, the mounting template device 3 is provided with at least one magnetic element, and at least one of the central mounting base device 1 and the side mounting plate 21 is provided with a magnetic suction element 24 that cooperates with the magnetic element; such as Figure 8As shown, the second threaded connection structure 23 is set as a magnetic suction component 24. The magnetic suction component 24 can be made of iron material. The magnetic component can be connected to the side of the template body 31 facing the door mechanism mounting device. The magnetic suction component 24 can be made of ferromagnetic material or can be formed by an independent magnetic suction structure set in the middle mounting base device 1 or the side mounting plate 21. When the positioning end face 312 is simultaneously attached to the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211, the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component 24 attract each other. The direction of the attraction force keeps the mounting template device 3 close to the middle mounting base device 1 and the side mounting plate 21, thereby limiting the mounting template device 3 from detaching from the corresponding mounting end face or from being misaligned along the mounting end face.

[0106] During use, the mounting template device 3 gradually approaches the door mechanism mounting device. When the magnetic component enters the effective attraction range of the magnetic suction component 24, an attraction force is generated between the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component 24. This attraction force helps the positioning end face 312 to approach the first mounting end face 111 or the second mounting end face 211. The operator continues to adjust the mounting template device 3 so that the positioning end face 312 fully contacts the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211, and the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component 24 remain attracted. When adjusting the side mounting plate 21, fixing the side mounting plate 21, or performing other assembly operations, the magnetic component provides an auxiliary holding force for the mounting template device 3, reducing the need for the operator to continuously support the template body 31. When it is necessary to remove the mounting template device 3, an external force is applied to the template body 31 to overcome the magnetic attraction force, causing the magnetic component to separate from the magnetic suction component 24, and then the mounting template device 3 is moved away from the end wall main structure 4.

[0107] In this specific embodiment, the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component 24 form a non-rigid auxiliary connection, which can provide temporary holding when the mounting template device 3 is not fully locked, reducing the risk of the template body 31 falling due to gravity or personnel letting go. The magnetic suction connection does not require additional through holes in the door mechanism mounting device, nor does it require frequent disassembly and assembly of fasteners, which can shorten the positioning time of the mounting template device 3. During the adjustment and fixing of the side mounting plate 21, the magnetic suction force can suppress the partial separation between the positioning end face 312 and the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211, thereby maintaining the fit relationship of the three end faces. The magnetic component can also work together with the positioning mechanism 33. The magnetic component is responsible for assisting the fit, and the positioning mechanism 33 is responsible for precise adjustment and reliable locking, thereby improving the stability and ease of operation of the mounting template device 3 during use.

[0108] In addition to the aforementioned end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, the present invention also provides a door mechanism installation device, which includes a central mounting base device 1 and two side mounting base devices 2. The two side mounting base devices 2 are respectively disposed on both sides of the central mounting base device 1 along a second direction to form multiple connection positions in the middle and on both sides of the width direction of the end wall door 5. The central mounting base device 1 is fixedly connected to the main end wall structure 4 and has a first mounting end face 111 facing the outside of the main end wall structure 4. Each side mounting base device 2 includes a support component 22 and a side mounting plate 21. The support component 22 is fixedly connected to the main end wall structure 4. The side mounting plate 21 moves along a first direction before being fixed to the support component 22 and has a second mounting end face 211. The first mounting end face 111 and the two second mounting end faces 211 all face the mounting template device 3 and can simultaneously fit with the positioning end face 312 of the mounting template device 3.

[0109] During use, the central mounting base device 1 is first fixed to the central area of ​​the main structure 4 of the end wall, so that the first mounting end face 111 forms the central reference of the door mechanism mounting device; the support components 22 of the two side mounting base devices 2 are respectively fixed to the areas of the main structure 4 of the end wall located on both sides of the central mounting base device 1, and the side mounting plates 21 are temporarily kept in an adjustable state; the mounting template device 3 spans the central mounting base device 1 and the two side mounting base devices 2 along the second direction, and the positioning end face 312 first fits against the first mounting end face 111, and then the two side mounting plates 21 are adjusted so that the two second mounting end faces 211 fit against the positioning end face 312 respectively; after the adjustment is completed, the two side mounting plates 21 are fixed to the corresponding support components 22 respectively, so that the central mounting base device 1 and the two side mounting base devices 2 form an integral door mechanism mounting base, and the end wall door 5 can be connected to the door mechanism mounting device through multiple mounting positions.

[0110] In this specific embodiment, the central mounting base device 1 is located in the middle and provides a fixed reference, while the two side mounting base devices 2 are distributed on both sides and provide flexible adjustment, which can take into account the overall support range and error compensation requirements of the door mechanism mounting device. Multiple mounting end faces are distributed along the second direction, which can form multi-point support for the end wall door 5 and reduce the load concentration at the local connection position of the end wall door 5. The side mounting plates 21 on both sides can be adjusted separately, so that even if the welding deformation on both sides of the end wall main structure 4 is different, the deviation of the corresponding position can be compensated separately. Each mounting end face is calibrated through the same positioning end face 312, which can keep multiple connection positions coplanar, avoid the twisting caused by the protrusion or depression of some mounting surfaces when the end wall door 5 is connected, and help improve the stability of the opening and closing process of the end wall door 5 and the long-term reliability of its use.

[0111] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 19 , 20As shown, the central mounting base device 1 includes a central mounting plate 11 and a first threaded connection structure 12. A first mounting end face 111 is formed on the side of the central mounting plate 11 facing the mounting template device 3. The central mounting plate 11 is a sheet metal structure, and includes at least one central welding flange 112 and multiple side welding flanges 113. The multiple side welding flanges 113 are distributed on both sides of the central welding flange 112. The central welding flange 112 and the side welding flanges 112... 3 respectively contact the corresponding areas of the upper beam 43 of the door, and the middle mounting plate 11 is connected to the upper beam 43 of the door by resistance spot welding; the middle mounting plate 11 also has a first drilling position 114, the first drilling position 114 can be a pre-made elongated hole or a drilling process area, the first threaded connection structure 12 is connected to the side of the middle mounting plate 11 away from the first mounting end face 111 and covers the first drilling position 114, and the first threaded connection structure 12 can be made of carbon steel material suitable for drilling and tapping.

[0112] During use, the central mounting plate 11 is placed in the connection area corresponding to the upper crossbeam 43 of the door, with the first mounting end face 111 facing the outside of the main structure 4 of the end wall, and the central welding flange 112 and multiple side welding flanges 113 respectively contacting the upper crossbeam 43 of the door; resistance spot welding equipment is used to spot weld the contact positions of each welding flange and the upper crossbeam 43 of the door in sequence, so that the central mounting plate 11 and the upper crossbeam 43 of the door form multiple discrete welding points; during welding, each welding point can be completed in the order from the middle to both sides or alternately distributed, so as to reduce the heat concentration in a single area; the first threaded connection structure 12 is pre-connected to the back side of the central mounting plate 11 and covers the first drilling position 114. The subsequent drilling tool drills the first threaded connection structure 12 through the first drilling position 114, and then taps the formed hole to obtain a threaded hole for connecting the end wall door 5 or related door mechanism components.

[0113] The central welded flange 112 and the side welded flange 113 form a multi-point distributed connection structure, which can reduce the large-scale heat input caused by continuous welds while ensuring the connection strength of the central mounting plate 11. The heat-affected zone of resistance spot welding is relatively concentrated, which can reduce the welding deformation of the central mounting plate 11 and the upper beam 43 of the door, and keep the first mounting end face 111 flat. The central welded flange 112 is located in the middle area, and the side welded flanges 113 are distributed on both sides, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of welding connection force along the length direction of the central mounting plate 11. The first threaded connection structure 12 covers the first drilling position 114, so that drilling and tapping are mainly completed in the area of ​​easily machinable material, which can reduce the difficulty of deep hole machining of stainless steel central mounting plate 11, reduce drill wear, and improve the strength and processing efficiency of threaded connection position.

[0114] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the support assembly 22 includes a first support member 221 and a second support member 222. The first support member 221 and the second support member 222 are spaced apart along a third direction and are respectively fixedly connected to different load-bearing components of the end wall main structure 4. Both the first support member 221 and the second support member 222 are L-shaped structures. Each support member includes a fixing part 2211 and a supporting part 2212. The fixing part 2211 extends in an approximately vertical direction, and the supporting part 2212 extends in an approximately horizontal direction. The fixing part 2211 of the first support member 221 is fixed... The second support member 222 is fixedly connected to the end wall column 41, and the corresponding fixed part of the second support member 222 can be connected to the end wall beam 42; the support part 2212 is provided with a second welding process hole 2213, the side mounting plate 21 includes a main body part 213 and a connecting flange 214 formed by bending the two sides of the main body part 213, the second mounting end face 211 is formed on the side of the main body part 213 facing the mounting template device 3, each connecting flange 214 has a plurality of first welding process holes 2141, and the plurality of first welding process holes 2141 are spaced apart along the second direction and can be staggered.

[0115] During use, first connect the fixing part 2211 of the first support member 221 to the end wall column 41, and then connect the second support member 222 to the end wall beam 42, so that the supporting parts 2212 of the first support member 221 and the second support member 222 are arranged opposite to each other and form a space for the side mounting plate 21 to be adjusted; place the side mounting plate 21 between the two supporting parts 2212, so that the main body 213 faces the outside of the end wall main structure 4, and the connecting flanges 214 on both sides approach or fit against the corresponding supporting parts 2212 respectively; Before the side mounting plate 21 is welded and fixed, the connecting flange 214 and the support part 2212 retain the condition for relative movement in the first direction. The operator pushes the side mounting plate 21 so that the second mounting end face 211 reaches the target position. After the position is determined, the resistance spot welding equipment can spot weld the contact area between the connecting flange 214 and the support part 2212 through the first welding process hole 2141 and the second welding process hole 2213, so that the side mounting plate 21 is fixed between the first support member 221 and the second support member 222.

[0116] The first support member 221 and the second support member 222 are respectively connected to the end wall column 41 and the end wall beam 42, which can transfer the force of the side mounting seat device 2 to different load-bearing components of the end wall main structure 4, thereby forming a stable multi-path support; the two support parts 2212 provide relatively parallel support and guide areas for the side mounting plate 21, so that the side mounting plate 21 can move smoothly along the first direction before fixing, and it is not easy to produce obvious rotation or tilting; the main body part 213 and the connecting flange 214 form an approximately C-shaped or groove-shaped structure, which can improve the bending stiffness of the side mounting plate 21 itself; the first welding process hole 2141 and the second welding process hole 2213 facilitate the spot welding electrode to approach the area to be connected. The multiple process holes are spaced apart and staggered, which can make the weld point distribution more uniform and reduce the local warping caused by the concentration of welding heat, thereby taking into account the adjustability, fixing strength and flatness of the second mounting end face 211 of the side mounting plate 21.

[0117] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the side mounting base device 2 includes a side mounting plate 21 and a second threaded connection structure 23. A second mounting end face 211 is formed on the side of the side mounting plate 21 facing the mounting template device 3. The side mounting plate 21 has a second drilling position 212, which can be set in the main body 213 and has an elongated oval opening or a reserved drilling area. The second threaded connection structure 23 is fixedly connected to the side of the side mounting plate 21 away from the second mounting end face 211 and covers the second drilling position 212. The second threaded connection structure 23 can be a carbon steel plate, a steel thread base, or other structural parts suitable for drilling and tapping. The second threaded connection structure 23 and the side mounting plate 21 can be pre-connected by welding to keep them relatively fixed during the overall drilling process.

[0118] During use, before or after the side mounting plate 21 is fixed to the support assembly 22, the second threaded connection structure 23 is first connected to the back side of the side mounting plate 21, so that the second threaded connection structure 23 covers the second drilling position 212; when the mounting template device 3 is positioned and the second mounting end face 211 is in contact with the positioning end face 312, the corresponding guide hole 321 is opposite to the second drilling position 212; the drilling tool passes through the guide hole 321 and the second drilling position 212 in sequence, and continues to enter the second threaded connection structure 23, thereby forming a hole in the second threaded connection structure 23 corresponding to the position of the mounting template device 3; after drilling is completed and the mounting template device 3 is removed, the hole in the second threaded connection structure 23 is tapped to form a threaded connection hole, and the connecting parts of the end wall door 5 or the end wall door mechanism can be threadedly connected to the second threaded connection structure 23 through the second drilling position 212.

[0119] The second threaded connection structure 23 is located on the side of the side mounting plate 21 opposite to the second mounting end face 211, and will not significantly occupy the installation space outside the end wall door 5, and can provide a reliable threaded connection foundation for the end wall door 5; the second drilling position 212 provides a passage and position identification area for the drilling tool, and the second threaded connection structure 23 covers the second drilling position 212, so that the drilling tool can directly process the second threaded connection structure 23 after passing through the side mounting plate 21; when the side mounting plate 21 is made of stainless steel material with high hardness or unsuitable for directly forming stable threads, the use of carbon steel second threaded connection structure 23 to form threaded holes can reduce the difficulty of drilling and tapping, reduce tool wear and improve thread quality; the second threaded connection structure 23 and the side mounting plate 21 are drilled together as a whole, so that the position of the threaded hole is accurately corresponding to the second mounting end face 211 and the template guide position.

[0120] In addition to the aforementioned end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, this invention also provides an installation template device 3, such as... Figure 22 As shown, the mounting template device 3 includes a template body 31, a plurality of drilling guides 32, and at least one positioning mechanism 33. The template body 31 extends along a second direction, and a positioning end face 312 is formed on the side of the template body 31 facing the central mounting base device 1 and the side mounting plate 21. The positioning end face 312 can fit against the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211 in a movable state to limit the position of the side mounting plate 21 along the first direction before the side mounting plate 21 is fixed. The plurality of drilling guides 32 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the template body 31, and each drilling guide 32 has a guide hole 321. The guide hole 321 is used to guide the drilling tool to process the corresponding positions of the central mounting base device 1 and the side mounting plate 21 respectively. The positioning mechanism 33 is connected to the template body 31 and is used to adjust and fix the position of the template body 31 relative to the end wall main structure 4.

[0121] During use, the operator holds or uses auxiliary equipment to move the template body 31 to the outside of the door mechanism mounting device, so that the positioning end face 312 faces the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211; the positioning mechanism 33 adjusts the position of the template body 31 so that the positioning end face 312 first fits against the first mounting end face 111, and then pushes the side mounting plate 21 to move along the first direction so that the second mounting end face 211 also fits against the positioning end face 312; after the side mounting plate 21 is fixed, the positioning mechanism 33 continues to maintain the position of the template body 31 relative to the end wall main structure 4, and the guide holes 321 of each drilling guide 32 are aligned with the corresponding drilling area; the drilling tool passes through the guide holes 321 to complete the drilling of multiple mounting holes. After all holes are processed, the positioning mechanism 33 is released from fixing the template body 31, and the template mounting device 3 is removed from the end wall main structure 4 for reuse in the next end wall structure.

[0122] The template body 31 integrates planar positioning, mounting seat adjustment, and drilling guidance functions into a single structure. Operators only need to complete the template positioning once to sequentially achieve coplanar control of the mounting end face and machining of multiple holes. The template body 31 extends along the second direction, simultaneously covering the central mounting seat device 1 and the side mounting plates 21 located on both sides, allowing multiple dispersed installation positions to use the same positioning end face 312. Multiple drilling guide components 32 are pre-arranged according to the connection hole positions of the end wall door 5, which can improve the repeatability accuracy of the holes. The positioning mechanism 33 keeps the template body 31 stable during the adjustment, welding, and drilling processes of the side mounting plates 21, thereby reducing the errors caused by re-establishing the benchmark in different processes. The installation template device 3 is detachable and reusable, which is beneficial for maintaining consistent installation quality during the mass production of the same type of rail vehicle.

[0123] In one specific embodiment, the template body 31 is provided with multiple guide mounting holes, and each drilling guide 32 is detachably connected to the corresponding guide mounting hole. The drilling guide 32 can be flange-shaped, sleeve-shaped, or a guide structure with a positioning shoulder. The drilling guide 32 and the guide mounting hole can be connected by fasteners, threads, transition fits, or other detachable structures. A positioning recess 311 is provided in the middle of the template body 31. The positioning recess 311 can be a notch, slot, or hole-shaped structure formed along a local edge of the template body 31. The positioning recess 311 cooperates with the positioning protrusion of the end wall main structure 4 to limit the position of the template body 31 along the second direction. The template body 31 can be made of aluminum alloy profile, and the drilling guide 32 can be made of high-hardness steel to balance overall lightweight and wear resistance of the guide parts.

[0124] During use, according to the number and diameter of holes in the end wall door 5 to be assembled, the corresponding drilling guides 32 are respectively installed into the guide mounting holes of the template body 31 and fixed. When the template device 3 is installed close to the main structure of the end wall 4, the positioning recess 311 is aligned with the positioning protrusion of the main structure of the end wall 4, the positioning protrusion enters the positioning recess 311 and restricts the template body 31 from moving in the second direction. After positioning is completed, the drilling tool passes through the guide hole 321 of the drilling guide 32 to process the corresponding position. When a drilling guide 32 is worn due to long-term use, the size of the guide hole 321 increases or the end face is damaged, the connection between the drilling guide 32 and the guide mounting hole is disconnected and the worn part is removed. Then a new drilling guide 32 is installed without replacing the entire template body 31. When the local hole diameter of different products changes, drilling guides 32 with different guide hole 321 sizes can also be replaced.

[0125] The template body 31 is made of a relatively lightweight material, which reduces the overall weight of the template installation device 3 and facilitates manual handling, lifting and positioning. The drilling guide 32 is made of a high-hardness material, which can withstand repeated friction from the drill bit and maintain the dimensional stability of the guide hole 321, avoiding excessive weight caused by using high-density materials for the template body 31 as a whole. The drilling guide 32 is detachable, which allows easily worn parts to be repaired and replaced independently, reducing the maintenance cost of the template installation device 3 and extending the service life of the template body 31. The positioning recess 311 is set in the middle of the template body 31, which is beneficial to use the center area of ​​the doorway or end wall main structure 4 as the second direction positioning reference, reducing the cumulative deviation caused by measurement from one side, so that the drilling guides 32 on both sides of the template body 31 maintain a high degree of symmetry and positional accuracy with the corresponding installation position.

[0126] In addition to the aforementioned end-wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, the present invention also provides an installation method for the aforementioned end-wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, the installation method comprising:

[0127] Step S1: The middle mounting base device 1 is fixedly connected to the end wall main structure 4 of the rail vehicle, so that the middle mounting base device 1 forms a fixed assembly positioning reference facing the first mounting end face 111 on the outside of the end wall main structure 4.

[0128] Step S2: The support component 22 of the side mounting base device 2 is fixedly connected to the main end wall structure 4, and the side mounting plate 21 is movably engaged with the support component 22 so that the side mounting plate 21 can move in a first direction before being fixed to the support component 22. The side mounting plate 21 is provided with a second mounting end face 211 facing the outside of the main end wall structure 4.

[0129] Step S3: Position the mounting template device 3 relative to the main end wall structure 4, so that the positioning end face 312 of the mounting template device 3 fits against the first mounting end face 111;

[0130] Step S4: Adjust the side mounting plate 21 along the first direction until the second mounting end face 211 is in contact with the positioning end face 312 and the second mounting end face 211 is flush with the first mounting end face 111.

[0131] Step S5: Fix the side mounting plate 21 to the support assembly 22;

[0132] Step S6: Keep the positioning end face 312 of the mounting template device 3 in contact with the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211 at the same time, and make the multiple guide holes 321 of the mounting template device 3 aligned with the first drilling position 114 of the middle mounting base device 1 and the second drilling position 212 of the side mounting plate 21 respectively.

[0133] Step S7: The drilling tool passes through the corresponding guide hole 321 in sequence to perform overall drilling on the first threaded connection structure 12 connected to the back side of the middle mounting base device 1 and the second threaded connection structure 23 connected to the back side of the side mounting plate 21.

[0134] Step S8: Remove the mounting template device 3 and tap the holes formed in the first threaded connection structure 12 and the second threaded connection structure 23.

[0135] This installation method uses the central mounting base device 1 as a fixed reference and the side mounting plate 21 as an adjustable mounting position. Multiple mounting end faces are aligned to the same plane using the mounting template device 3, which can compensate for welding deformation and dimensional deviations of the main end wall structure 4 during the structural assembly stage. The side mounting plate 21 is spot-welded to fix it after reaching the target position, avoiding mismatch between the fixed position and the actual end wall dimensions. The mounting template device 3 maintains the same clamping state during the positioning of the side mounting plate 21 and the machining of multiple holes, ensuring that the flatness reference of the mounting end face is consistent with the drilling position reference, reducing errors caused by process transitions. The first threaded connection structure 12 and the second threaded connection structure 23 are tapped after overall drilling, improving the matching degree between multiple threaded holes and the connection holes of the end wall door 5. The entire method combines flexible adjustment, low-deformation spot welding, template positioning, and overall drilling, reducing the number of manual measurements, minimizing rework, and improving the consistency of batch assembly.

[0136] In addition to the aforementioned end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles, the present invention also provides a rail vehicle, which includes a car body and an end wall main structure 4 disposed at the end of the car body. The end wall main structure 4 includes end wall columns 41, end wall beams 42, and door upper beams 43. The end wall columns 41 are distributed on the side of the end wall door opening. The end wall beams 42 are connected to the end wall columns 41 and form a load-bearing structure around the door opening. The door upper beams 43 are located in the upper area of ​​the end wall door opening. The rail vehicle also includes an end wall door 5 and a door mechanism installation device for installing the end wall door mechanism. The door mechanism installation device includes a central mounting seat device 1 and a side mounting seat device 2. The central mounting seat device 1 is connected to the door upper beam 43, and the side mounting seat device 2 is connected to the end wall columns 41 and the end wall beams 42. The end wall door 5 is connected to the end wall main structure 4 through multiple installation positions formed by the central mounting seat device 1 and the side mounting seat device 2.

[0137] In the manufacturing process of the rail vehicle, the assembly and welding of the end wall column 41, end wall beam 42 and door upper beam 43 are completed first to form the end wall main structure 4; then, the middle mounting seat device 1 and the side mounting seat device 2 are connected to the end wall main structure 4 according to the aforementioned installation method, and the first mounting end face 111 and the second mounting end face 211 are kept flush with the installation template device 3; after the drilling and tapping of the mounting holes are completed, the end wall door 5 or the connecting parts of the end wall door mechanism are connected to the first threaded connection structure 12 and the second threaded connection structure 23, so that the end wall door 5 is located in the doorway area formed by the end wall main structure 4; after the rail vehicle is put into operation, the end wall door 5 can be opened or closed according to the usage requirements to realize the passage or separation between adjacent carriages. The door mechanism installation device transmits the load generated by the operation of the end wall door 5 and the vehicle vibration to the end wall column 41, end wall beam 42 and door upper beam 43.

[0138] Multiple installation positions of the end wall door 5 are calibrated by the same installation template device 3, which can improve the fitting accuracy between the end wall door 5 and the main end wall structure 4, and reduce problems such as local warping of the end wall door 5, uneven connection stress, or excessive door opening and closing resistance. The middle mounting seat device 1 is connected to the upper beam 43 of the door, and the side mounting seat device 2 is connected to the end wall column 41 and the end wall beam 42, so that the load generated by the end wall door 5 is distributed and transferred to multiple load-bearing components of the main end wall structure 4, which can improve the connection stability. The side mounting plate 21 is flexibly adjusted before fixing, which can adapt to the size differences between different car bodies due to manufacturing processes, so that the same specification end wall door 5 and installation template device 3 are suitable for batch vehicle assembly. After the flatness of the mounting end face and the hole accuracy are improved, the abnormal noise of the end wall door 5 and the loosening of the connection caused by vehicle running vibration can be reduced, thereby improving the reliability of use and the convenience of maintenance of the end wall area of ​​the rail vehicle.

[0139] In one specific embodiment, the specific dimensions of the central mounting plate 11, side mounting plate 21, first support member 221, second support member 222, template body 31, and drilling guide member 32 involved in each embodiment can be determined according to the dimensions of the end wall door 5, the load of the door mechanism, the profile cross-section of the end wall main structure 4, and the production equipment conditions; the central mounting plate 11 and side mounting plate 21 can be made of stainless steel to meet the anti-corrosion and welding requirements of the rail vehicle body; the first threaded connection structure member 12 and the second threaded connection structure member 23 can be made of carbon steel to take into account the strength of drilling, tapping, and threaded connection; the template body 31 can be made of aluminum alloy profile to reduce weight and maintain sufficient rigidity; the drilling guide member 32 can be made of heat-treated steel to improve the wear resistance of the guide hole 321; one or more magnetic components can be set according to the length and mass of the template body 31, and multiple magnetic components can be distributed at intervals along the second direction so that each area of ​​the positioning end face 312 obtains a relatively uniform auxiliary attraction force.

[0140] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Any combination of all embodiments provided by this invention is within the scope of protection of this invention and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0141] The installation system and method for the end wall door mechanism of rail vehicles provided by this invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A system for installing an end wall door mechanism for a rail vehicle, characterized in that, Including door mechanism installation device and installation template device (3); The door mechanism installation device includes a central mounting seat device (1) and a side mounting seat device (2). The central mounting seat device (1) is used to fix and connect the end wall main structure (4) of the rail vehicle, and is provided with a first mounting end face (111) facing the outside of the end wall main structure (4). The side mounting device (2) includes a support assembly (22) for fixing the main structure of the end wall (4) and a side mounting plate (21) that is movably engaged with the support assembly (22). The side mounting plate (21) is movable in a first direction before being fixed to the support assembly (22) and is provided with a second mounting end face (211) facing the outside of the main structure of the end wall (4). The mounting template device (3) is provided with a positioning end face (312) facing the central mounting base device (1) and the side mounting base device (2). The positioning end face (312) is used to simultaneously fit with the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211) in a movable state, so as to limit the position of the side mounting plate (21) along the first direction before the side mounting plate (21) is fixed to the support assembly (22), so that the second mounting end face (211) is flush with the first mounting end face (111).

2. The end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the end wall main structure (4) and the mounting template device (3) is provided with a positioning protrusion, and the other is provided with a positioning recess (311) adapted to the positioning protrusion. The positioning protrusion and the positioning recess (311) cooperate with each other to limit the position of the mounting template device (3) relative to the end wall main structure (4) in the second direction. The first direction is the direction in which the side mounting plate (21) is positioned relative to the support assembly (22), and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

3. The end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting template device (3) includes a template body (31) and at least one positioning mechanism (33) connected to the template body (31). The positioning end face (312) is formed on the template body (31). The positioning mechanism (33) includes a locking member (331), a first adjusting member (332), and a second adjusting member (333). The first adjusting member (332) is in a transmission cooperation with the locking member (331) to drive the locking member (331) to move along the first direction, so as to adjust the distance of the positioning end face (312) relative to the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211); The second adjusting member (333) is connected to the locking member (331) and can move relative to the locking member (331) in a third direction. The end wall main structure (4) is provided with a top tightening surface that cooperates with the locking member (331). The second adjusting member (333) is used to press the locking member (331) against the top tightening surface to fix the template body (31) at a position where the positioning end face (312) simultaneously fits against the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211). The third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.

4. The end wall door mechanism installation system for rail vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The template body (31) extends along the second direction in its length direction, and the template body (31) includes a plurality of drilling guides (32) spaced apart along its length direction. The positioning end face (312) is formed on the side of the template body (31) facing the door mechanism mounting device. The central mounting base device (1) is provided with a first drilling position (114), the side mounting plate (21) is provided with a second drilling position (212), and the drilling guide (32) is provided with a guide hole (321) corresponding to the first drilling position (114) or the second drilling position (212) so as to drill the first drilling position (114) or the second drilling position (212) through the guide hole (321).

5. The end wall door mechanism installation system for a rail vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The mounting template device (3) is provided with at least one magnetic element, and at least one of the central mounting base device (1) and the side mounting plate (21) is provided with a magnetic suction element (24) that cooperates with the magnetic element. When the positioning end face (312) is simultaneously attached to the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211), the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component (24) are in an attracted state, so as to prevent the mounting template device (3) from detaching or misaligning relative to the middle mounting base device (1) and the side mounting plate (21).

6. A door mechanism installation device for installing the end wall door mechanism of a rail vehicle in conjunction with a mounting template device, characterized in that, Includes a central mounting base device (1) and a side mounting base device (2) as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the side mounting base device (2) is disposed on both sides of the central mounting base device (1) along a second direction; The central mounting device (1) is used to fix the end wall main structure (4) of the rail vehicle and is provided with a first mounting end face (111) facing the outside of the end wall main structure (4). The side mounting device (2) includes a support assembly (22) for fixing the main structure of the end wall (4) and a side mounting plate (21) that is movably engaged with the support assembly (22). The side mounting plate (21) is movable in a first direction before being fixed to the support assembly (22), and the side mounting plate (21) is provided with a second mounting end face (211) facing the outside of the main structure of the end wall (4). The first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211) are used to simultaneously fit with the positioning end face (312) of the mounting template device (3).

7. The door mechanism installation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central mounting base device (1) includes a central mounting plate (11) and a first threaded connection structure (12), wherein the first mounting end face (111) is formed on the side of the central mounting plate (11) facing the mounting template device (3); The central mounting plate (11) includes at least one central welded flange (112) and multiple side welded flanges (113) distributed on both sides of the central welded flange (112). The central mounting plate (11) is resistance-welded to the door upper beam (43) of the main structure of the end wall (4) through the side welded flanges (113) and the central welded flange (112). The middle mounting plate (11) is provided with a first drilling position (114), and the first threaded connection structure (12) is fixedly connected to the side of the middle mounting plate (11) away from the first mounting end face (111) and covers the first drilling position (114).

8. The door mechanism installation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support assembly (22) includes a first support member (221) and a second support member (222). The first support member (221) and the second support member (222) are spaced apart along a third direction and are used to fix and connect different load-bearing components of the end wall main structure (4). The first support member (221) and the second support member (222) are both L-shaped structures, and both the first support member (221) and the second support member (222) include a vertically arranged fixing part (2211) and a horizontally arranged supporting part (2212). The side mounting plate (21) is movable in a first direction between the two support portions (2212) before being connected to the support assembly (22); the side mounting plate (21) includes a main body (213) and connecting flanges (214) formed by bending the two sides of the main body (213), the connecting flanges (214) are used to connect to the support portion (2212), the second mounting end face (211) is formed on the side of the main body (213) facing the mounting template device (3), and the two connecting flanges (214) are respectively provided with a plurality of first welding process holes (2141) spaced apart along the second direction.

9. The door mechanism installation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The side mounting base device (2) includes the side mounting plate (21) and the second threaded connection structure (23), and the second mounting end face (211) is formed on the side of the side mounting plate (21) facing the mounting template device (3); The side mounting plate (21) is provided with a second drilling position (212), and the second threaded connection structure (23) is fixedly connected to the side of the side mounting plate (21) away from the second mounting end face (211) and covers the second drilling position (212).

10. A device for installing a template, characterized in that, For use in conjunction with the door mechanism installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to install the end wall door mechanism of a rail vehicle, the installation template device (3) includes a template body (31), a plurality of drilling guides (32) and at least one positioning mechanism (33). The template body (31) extends along the second direction and is provided with a positioning end face (312) facing the central mounting base device (1) and the side mounting plate (21). The positioning end face (312) is used to fit against the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211) in a movable state to limit the position of the side mounting plate (21) along the first direction before the side mounting plate (21) is fixed, so that the second mounting end face (211) is flush with the first mounting end face (111). Multiple drilling guides (32) are spaced apart along the extension direction of the template body (31), and each is provided with a guide hole (321) for guiding the drilling tool. The guide hole (321) is used to guide the drilling position of the middle mounting base device (1) and the side mounting plate (21) respectively when the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211) are kept flush. The positioning mechanism (33) is connected to the template body (31) and is used to adjust and fix the position of the template body (31) relative to the end wall main structure (4) so ​​that the positioning end face (312) simultaneously fits the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211).

11. The mounting template device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The template body (31) is provided with multiple guide mounting holes, and the drilling guide (32) is detachably connected to the corresponding guide mounting hole; The template body (31) is provided with a positioning recess (311) in the middle. The positioning recess (311) is used to cooperate with the positioning protrusion of the end wall main structure (4) to limit the position of the template body (31) relative to the end wall main structure (4) in the second direction.

12. An installation method, characterized in that, The installation method of the end wall door mechanism installation system of the rail vehicle according to any one of claims 1-5 includes: The middle mounting base device (1) is fixedly connected to the end wall main structure (4) of the rail vehicle, so that the middle mounting base device (1) forms a fixed assembly positioning reference on the first mounting end face (111) facing the outside of the end wall main structure (4). The support component (22) of the side mounting device (2) is fixedly connected to the main structure of the end wall (4), and the side mounting plate (21) is movably engaged with the support component (22) so that the side mounting plate (21) can move in a first direction before being fixed to the support component (22). The side mounting plate (21) is provided with a second mounting end face (211) facing the outside of the main structure of the end wall (4). Position the mounting template device (3) relative to the main structure of the end wall (4) so ​​that the positioning end face (312) of the mounting template device (3) fits against the first mounting end face (111); Adjust the side mounting plate (21) along the first direction until the second mounting end face (211) is in contact with the positioning end face (312) and the second mounting end face (211) is flush with the first mounting end face (111); The side mounting plate (21) is fixedly connected to the support assembly (22); Keep the positioning end face (312) of the mounting template device (3) in contact with the first mounting end face (111) and the second mounting end face (211) at the same time, and make the multiple guide holes (321) of the mounting template device (3) aligned with the first drilling position (114) of the middle mounting base device (1) and the second drilling position (212) of the side mounting plate (21). The drilling tool is passed through the corresponding guide hole (321) in sequence to perform overall drilling on the first threaded connection structure (12) connected to the back side of the middle mounting base device (1) and the second threaded connection structure (23) connected to the back side of the side mounting plate (21); Remove the mounting template device (3) and tap the holes formed in the first threaded connection structure (12) and the second threaded connection structure (23).

13. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the main structure of the end wall (4), the end wall door (5), and a door mechanism installation device for installing the end wall door mechanism, wherein the door mechanism installation device is the door mechanism installation device according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

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