Quick assembly device and usage method for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains

Abstract

This invention discloses a quick assembly device and method for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains. The device includes: a workpiece mandrel fixture (6) fixed on a clamp (4), the workpiece mandrel fixture (6) having multiple through holes on the outer ring of its base plate and grooves on its upper platform corresponding to the features of the workpiece to be installed; and a bolt fixture tray (9) fixed on the clamp (4), the bolt fixture tray (9) including a limiting block tray (91) and multiple bolt limiting blocks (92) equidistantly and circumferentially arranged on the limiting block tray (91). This invention also discloses a method for using the device. The workpiece to be installed and the bolt are positioned synchronously to prevent relative movement during installation. Simultaneously, the bolt head is clamped to prevent shaking during tightening, reducing the impact of part movement on installation accuracy, greatly eliminating internal stress generated during installation, extending the service life of the workpiece, and preventing accidents due to part damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tooling technology, and more specifically, relates to a device and method for quickly assembling brake cylinder bolts for freight trains. Background Technology

[0002] Rail transit freight vehicles require maintenance after reaching certain mileage or time intervals. During Level 4 or 5 maintenance, the brake cylinders are often disassembled for upkeep. Due to the large size, heavy weight, numerous components, complex structure, and high assembly precision required of brake cylinder parts, the traditional assembly method involves positioning each part using jigs and tooling, placing them in sequence, and manually threading bolts and tightening nuts. This method is inefficient, and during installation, component movement and independent bolt installation can easily lead to low precision and internal stress. Furthermore, the bogie operates in a harsh environment with strong impacts and vibrations on the rails, making the brake cylinder's operation extremely challenging. This can easily cause component damage or even serious accidents.

[0003] Currently, most solutions on the market involve drilling multiple positioning holes on a flat plate to position the bolts in one step, simplifying multiple operation steps into a single operation. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113524083A discloses a multi-bolt fixing device, including a fixing mechanism for simultaneously fixing multiple bolt heads and a fastening mechanism used in conjunction with the fixing mechanism for tightening nuts. The fixing mechanism includes a fixed base, a cavity in the middle of the fixed base, multiple sliding grooves on the fixed base, and a control handle integrally formed with the fixed base. An adjustable slider is provided within the sliding groove; the slider contains a bolt sleeve that can be customized according to the bolt head being fixed; the bottom surface of the sliding groove has a magnetic unit that can attract and tighten the bolt head within the bolt sleeve.

[0004] The circumferentially distributed bolt fixing device described in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113524083A uses circumferentially distributed bolt sleeves installed on a base to simultaneously position multiple bolts, saving a significant amount of time and greatly improving work efficiency. However, this device only positions the bolts and cannot simultaneously position the panel to be tightened. During the tightening process, components may still shift, affecting installation accuracy and failing to eliminate internal stress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a rapid assembly device and method for brake cylinder bolts in freight trains. The device uses a workpiece mandrel fixture to position the workpiece to be installed. Then, both the workpiece mandrel fixture and the bolt fixture tray are fixed onto a clamp, ultimately achieving synchronous positioning of the workpiece and the bolt. This prevents relative movement between the two during installation and clamps the bolt head to prevent wobbling during tightening. This reduces the impact of part movement on installation accuracy, significantly eliminates internal stress generated during installation, extends the service life of the workpiece, and prevents accidents caused by part damage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains is provided, comprising:

[0007] A workpiece mandrel fixture fixed on a clamp has multiple through holes on the outer ring of its base plate that are screwed to the clamp, and an irregular groove on its upper platform that corresponds to the features of the workpiece to be installed. The irregular groove is used to position the workpiece to be installed.

[0008] And a bolt fixture tray fixed on the fixture, the bolt fixture tray including a limiting block tray and a plurality of bolt limiting blocks equidistantly arranged on the limiting block tray, the bottom of the limiting block tray is provided with a locking groove, the bolt fixture tray is fixed on the fixture through the locking groove, and the bolt limiting blocks position the bolts;

[0009] Both the workpiece mandrel fixture and the bolt fixture tray are fixed on the clamp, so that the workpiece to be installed and the bolt are positioned synchronously.

[0010] Furthermore, the clamp is positioned above the clamp turntable;

[0011] The fixture is a stepped platform with an internally excavated stepped countersunk hole, including a locking mounting groove on the edge, and the bolt fixture tray is switched and locked through the locking mounting groove;

[0012] And multiple workpiece mandrel fixture fixing holes are provided in the inner ring, and the workpiece mandrel fixture is fixed and installed through the workpiece mandrel fixture fixing holes.

[0013] Furthermore, a latch is provided inside the latch mounting groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the clamp includes a plurality of positioning bolt mounting holes on the outer ring, and the clamp completes positioning and locking through the positioning bolt mounting holes.

[0015] Furthermore, a positioning bolt is provided inside the mounting hole of the positioning bolt.

[0016] Furthermore, a positioning bolt clamping sleeve is provided between the positioning bolt mounting hole and the positioning bolt.

[0017] Furthermore, it is characterized by including a base at the bottom that supports other parts;

[0018] The base includes an annular oil groove, through which lubricating oil overflowing from the device is collected and stored.

[0019] Furthermore, a clamping mandrel is provided on the central surface of the base.

[0020] Furthermore, a clamping turntable is provided around the clamping mandrel.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of using a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S100: Before installation, open the latch, select the appropriate bolt fixture tray according to the number of bolts to be installed on the workpiece, place it in the corresponding position of the fixture, and rotate the latch to lock the bolt fixture tray.

[0023] S200: Positioning, insert the bolts into the bolt holes of the lower cylinder head of the truck brake cylinder, flip the lower cylinder head with the bolts inserted, align the bolt tails with the bolt limit grooves, adjust the bolt positions until they are all in and placed flat;

[0024] S300: Close the cover. Place the upper cylinder cover of the brake cylinder on top of the lower cylinder cover, align all the bolts with the bolt holes, and slowly lower it to close the upper and lower cylinder covers.

[0025] S400: Tighten. Manually screw the nuts onto each bolt, and use an electric wrench to tighten all bolts to the required torque.

[0026] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The bolt quick assembly device of the present invention uses a workpiece mandrel fixture to position the workpiece to be installed, and then fixes both the workpiece mandrel fixture and the bolt fixture tray on the clamp, thereby achieving synchronous positioning of the workpiece to be installed and the bolt, avoiding relative movement between the two during installation. At the same time, the bolt head is clamped to prevent shaking during tightening, reducing the impact of part movement on installation accuracy, greatly eliminating internal stress generated during installation, extending the service life of the workpiece, and preventing accidents caused by part damage.

[0028] 2. The bolt quick assembly device of the present invention can position all bolts that need to be installed at one time, and fix the bolts to prevent rotation during the tightening process, which simplifies the installation steps and improves the efficiency of parts installation.

[0029] 3. The locking mechanism of this invention locks the bolt fixture tray, and the corresponding bolt fixture tray can be selected and switched according to the number of bolts required for the workpiece. The installation is firm and reliable, and the operation is simple, which can achieve the purpose of quick switching and reducing the workload.

[0030] 4. The fixture of the present invention can rotate around the center according to the usage requirements, driving the workpiece to be installed and the bolt to rotate together. The fixture is fixed by the positioning bolt, which facilitates the installation and alignment of the parts and makes the overall alignment of the workpiece more accurate.

[0031] 5. The base of the present invention is provided with an annular oil groove, which stores the seeping lubricating oil when the device adds too much lubricating oil or when the lubricating oil leaks down, thus preventing the lubricating oil from overflowing and polluting the working environment. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains.

[0033] Figure 2 An exploded view of an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains;

[0034] Figure 3 An exploded view of the base of an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains;

[0035] Figure 4 An exploded view of a bolt jig tray of an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the latch assembly of an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a positioning bolt clamping sleeve of an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a clamp for an embodiment of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a positioning bolt of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains.

[0040] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation method of the clamp, positioning bolt, and positioning bolt clamping sleeve of a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains, according to an embodiment of the device.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the usage method of a method for quickly assembling brake cylinder bolts for freight trains.

[0042] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-base, 11-base plate, 111-mandrel limiting hole, 112-mandrel fixing bolt hole, 113-first vent hole, 114-annular oil groove, 12-base side plate, 121-limiting slot, 13-bolt hole seat, 131-bolt hole, 2-clamp mandrel, 3-clamp turntable, 4-clamp, 41-clamp turntable fixing hole, 42-workpiece mandrel 43-Second vent hole, 44-Lock mounting groove, 45-Positioning bolt mounting hole, 5-Lock, 51-Custom screw, 52-Pressure plate, 6-Workpiece mandrel fixture, 7-Positioning bolt, 8-Positioning bolt clamping sleeve, 81-Screw, 82-Clamping sleeve, 9-Bolt fixture tray, 91-Limit block tray, 911-Limiting countersunk hole, 912-Locking groove, 92-Bolt limiting block, 921-Bolt limiting groove, 922-Counterhead through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0044] like Figure 1-2As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains. The device includes a base 1, a clamping mandrel 2 fixed to the center of the base 1, a clamping turntable 3 sleeved on the clamping mandrel 2, a clamp 4 fixed to the clamping turntable 3, a workpiece mandrel fixture 6 fixed to the center of the clamp 4, a bolt fixture tray 9 located on the outer ring of the clamp 4, a rotatable locking buckle 5 located at the connection between the clamp 4 and the bolt fixture tray 9 for fixing the bolt fixture tray 9, a positioning bolt clamping sleeve 8 located on the outer periphery of the clamp 4, and a positioning bolt 7 located in the positioning bolt clamping sleeve 8 for circumferential positioning of the clamp 4. The workpiece mandrel fixture 6 has an open hole on the outer ring of its base plate and a slot on its upper body for fixing the workpiece to be installed. The bolt fixture tray 9 has a large circular hole in its center, an open hole on the outer ring of its base plate, and several bolt limiting blocks arranged around its upper periphery for fixing the bolts. The workpiece mandrel fixture 6 and the bolt fixture tray 9 are concentrically fixed on the clamp 4 with bolts, which synchronously positions the workpiece and the bolts, simplifies the installation process, limits the range of movement of parts during installation, reduces the impact of part movement on installation accuracy, greatly eliminates the internal stress generated during installation, and extends the service life of the workpiece.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the workpiece mandrel fixture 6 has a circumferential through hole at the bottom that is fixed to the clamp 4, and a slot at the top that matches the features of the workpiece to be installed, thus completing the installation and positioning of the workpiece.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the bolt fixture tray 9 includes a limiting block tray 91 and bolt limiting blocks 92. The limiting block tray 91 is annular, with square countersunk holes equidistantly spaced on the upper circumference serving as limiting countersunk holes 911. Opposite semi-circular through holes and concentric countersunk holes are opened on the edges, and threaded holes are formed within the limiting countersunk holes 911. The bolt limiting block 92 is a stepped platform, the same size as the limiting countersunk holes 911. The lower step has countersunk through holes 922 for fixing to the limiting block tray 91 with screws, and the upper step has slots serving as bolt limiting grooves 921 for positioning the bolts to be installed. The shape and dimensions of the bolt fixture tray 9 and its components vary depending on the product, but the basic principle remains the same, differing only in shape, size, and the number of bolt limiting blocks 92. The number of limiting countersunk holes 911 and bolt limiting blocks 92 is determined according to requirements.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, the base 1 includes a base plate 11, base side plates 12, and bolt hole seats 13. The base plate 11 is machined from a single piece of metal. A mandrel limiting hole 111 is machined at the center to limit the clamp mandrel 2. Multiple mandrel fixing threaded holes 112 and multiple first vent holes 113 are evenly distributed around the mandrel limiting hole 111. The mandrel fixing threaded holes 112 are used to fix the clamp mandrel 2 to the base plate 1 with screws. The first vent holes 113 prevent the device from sticking together due to the workpiece surface during disassembly or rotation. An annular oil groove 114 is machined on the outermost ring to store excess lubricating oil and prevent lubricating oil from overflowing and polluting the working environment. There are two base side plates 12. A limiting groove 121 is machined on the side, with a width the same as the thickness of the base plate 11. Multiple countersunk through holes are opened in the groove, which cooperate with the base plate 11 and are fastened with screws to prevent relative movement between the two. The bolt hole seat 13 is L-shaped, with a through hole machined on the upper protruding part as a bolt hole 131, and the bottom is fastened to the base plate 11 with screws. The bolt hole 131 is used to limit the position of the clamp 4.

[0048] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the clamping mandrel 2 is a stepped frustum with through holes machined on the edge for screwing the part onto the base 1, and the circular boss is placed downward in the mandrel limiting hole 111.

[0049] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the fixture turntable 3 is a circular platform with a central shaft hole that mates with the fixture spindle 2, allowing it to rotate around the spindle 2. Equidistant threaded holes on the circumference of the platform are fixed to the fixture 4 with screws, enabling the fixture 4 to rotate with the fixture turntable 3 around the fixture spindle 2. The latch 5 includes a custom screw 51 and a pressure plate 52. The pressure plate 52 is fan-shaped with a through hole at its central corner. The custom screw 51 is inserted to fix it to the fixture 4 and allows it to rotate around it. Rotating the pressure plate 52 allows for the removal and fixing of the bolt fixture tray 9, enabling the bolt fixture tray 9 to be switchable. The positioning bolt 7 includes a bolt shaft 71 and a bolt sleeve 72. A handle is designed above the bolt shaft for easy operation. The bolt sleeve 72 is fitted around the outer circumference of the bolt shaft 71, with an inclined surface at the top. When the handle of the bolt shaft 71 is rotated, the inclined surface allows for extension and retraction, completing the rotation and positioning of the clamp 4. An annular limiting ring is provided on the outside of the bolt sleeve 72, forming an interference fit with the positioning bolt clamping sleeve 8, thus fixing the positioning bolt 7 onto the clamp 4. The positioning bolt clamping sleeve 8 includes a screw 81 and a clamping sleeve 82. The screw 81 is a standard part, and the clamping sleeve 82 is an annular bushing with a notch. The notch allows the screw 81 to clamp and limit the clamping sleeve.

[0050] like Figure 1-9As shown, the clamp 4 is disc-shaped, with a clamp turntable fixing hole 41 on the inner circumference of the bottom for fixing the clamp 4 to the bottom clamp turntable 3 with screws; a threaded hole serves as a workpiece mandrel fixture fixing hole 42 for fixing the workpiece mandrel fixture 6 with screws; a circumferential through hole in the middle ring serves as a second vent hole 43, which prevents the device from sticking together with the workpiece surface during disassembly or rotation; a circumferential hole on the outer ring serves as a positioning bolt mounting hole 45, in which the positioning bolt clamping sleeve 8 is installed and fixed with the screw 81, and then the positioning bolt 7 is installed in the clamping sleeve 82, together with the bolt hole 131 to complete the circumferential positioning of the clamp; two countersunk holes on the outer ring serve as locking buckle mounting grooves 44 and concentric threaded holes for installing locking buckles 5, and the pressure plate 52 can rotate around the custom screw 51 in the countersunk hole to fix the bolt fixture tray 9. It ensures a firm and secure positioning that is not easily loosened, and has a long service life. By switching the bolt fixture tray 9, it can be used for workpieces with a variety of bolt counts. The operation is simple and can achieve the purpose of quick switching and reducing workload.

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for using a quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains is provided, specifically including the following steps:

[0052] S100, Pre-installation preparation

[0053] Specifically, open the latch 5, select a suitable bolt jig tray 9 according to the number of bolts required for the workpiece to be installed, place it in the corresponding position on the clamp 4, and rotate the latch 5 to lock the bolt jig tray 9. Take an appropriate amount of bolts for later use;

[0054] S200, Positioning

[0055] Specifically, insert the bolts into the bolt holes of the lower cylinder head of the truck brake cylinder, flip the lower cylinder head with the bolts inserted, align the bolt tails with the bolt limit grooves 921, adjust the bolt positions until they are all in and placed flat.

[0056] S300, lid closed

[0057] Specifically, place the upper cylinder head of the brake cylinder on top of the lower cylinder head, align all the bolts with the bolt holes, and slowly lower it to close the upper and lower cylinder heads.

[0058] S400, Tighten

[0059] Specifically, manually screw the nuts onto each bolt, and then use an electric wrench to tighten all the bolts to the required torque.

[0060] The bolts and lower cylinder head are positioned synchronously on the device before the upper cylinder head is installed. This simultaneous positioning and installation of all bolts ensures that the bolts will not be disturbed during installation, simplifies the bolt installation process, improves installation accuracy, and avoids internal stress during installation.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains, characterized in that, include: The workpiece mandrel fixture (6) is fixed on the fixture (4). The bottom plate of the workpiece mandrel fixture (6) has multiple through holes that are screwed to the fixture (4) on the outer ring. The upper platform has a groove corresponding to the features of the workpiece to be installed. The groove is used to position the workpiece to be installed. And a bolt fixture tray (9) fixed on the fixture (4), the bolt fixture tray (9) includes a limiting block tray (91) and a plurality of bolt limiting blocks (92) equidistantly arranged on the limiting block tray (91). The limiting block tray (91) has a locking groove (912) at the bottom. The bolt fixture tray (9) is fixed on the fixture (4) through the locking groove (912). The bolt limiting blocks (92) position the bolts. The workpiece mandrel fixture (6) and the bolt fixture tray (9) are both fixed on the clamp (4) to achieve synchronous positioning of the workpiece to be installed and the bolt.

2. The quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the base (1) that supports the bottommost parts; The base (1) has a clamping mandrel (2) on its central surface; The clamp spindle (2) is surrounded by a clamp turntable (3); The clamp (4) is located above the clamp turntable (3); The clamp (4) is a stepped platform with an internally excavated stepped large countersunk hole, including a locking mounting groove (44) on the edge. The bolt fixture tray (9) completes switching locking through the locking mounting groove (44). And multiple workpiece mandrel fixture fixing holes (42) provided in the inner ring, the workpiece mandrel fixture (6) is fixed and installed through the workpiece mandrel fixture fixing holes (42).

3. The quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains according to claim 2, characterized in that, The latch mounting groove (44) is provided with a latch (5).

4. The quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clamp (4) includes a plurality of positioning bolt mounting holes (45) on the outer ring, and the clamp (4) completes positioning and locking through the positioning bolt mounting holes (45).

5. A quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positioning bolt mounting hole (45) is provided with a positioning bolt (7).

6. A quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains according to claim 5, characterized in that, A positioning bolt clamping sleeve (8) is provided between the positioning bolt mounting hole (45) and the positioning bolt (7).

7. A quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The base (1) includes an annular oil groove (114), through which the lubricating oil overflowing from the device is collected and stored.

8. A method of using the quick assembly device for brake cylinder bolts of freight trains as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100: Before installation, open the latch (5), select the appropriate bolt fixture tray (9) according to the number of bolts to be installed on the workpiece, place it in the corresponding position of the clamp (4), and rotate the latch (5) to lock the bolt fixture tray (9). S200: Positioning, insert the bolts into the bolt holes of the lower cylinder head of the truck brake cylinder, flip the lower cylinder head with the bolts inserted, align the bolt tails with the bolt limit groove (921), adjust the bolt position until they are all in and placed flat; S300: Close the cover. Place the upper cylinder cover of the brake cylinder on top of the lower cylinder cover, align all the bolts with the bolt holes, and slowly lower it to close the upper and lower cylinder covers. S400: Tighten. Manually screw the nuts onto each bolt, and use an electric wrench to tighten all bolts to the required torque.

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