Anoscope for Chinese medicine surgery

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to an anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery, comprising a scope body and a handheld part. The handheld part integrates an image acquisition device. The scope body includes an outer sleeve and an inner core. The outer sleeve includes a support sleeve and an expandable outer shell. The expandable outer shell includes a limiting ring and several arc-shaped expansion plates. The arc-shaped expansion plates are all radially slidably connected to the limiting ring. A first ring wedge is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support sleeve. A second ring wedge is fixedly connected to the side of each arc-shaped expansion plate near the support sleeve, and slides on the inclined surface of the first ring wedge. An extension connector is provided between adjacent arc-shaped expansion plates. An illumination component is embedded on the inner wall of the arc-shaped expansion plate away from the limiting ring. This invention combines the ring diameter support expansion adjustment and anal canal illumination adjustment of the anoscope, adapting to the individual anatomical differences of different patients, increasing patient comfort during anoscopy, and helping to maintain the clarity and continuity of intraoperative images.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to an anoscope used in traditional Chinese medicine surgery. Background Technology

[0002] A surgical anoscope is a medical device specifically designed for anorectal surgery. Its core function is to open the anal canal during surgery, creating a clear and open field of vision and operating space for doctors to perform accurate diagnosis and treatment.

[0003] The anoscope technology currently available on the market typically includes a hollow cylindrical structure (outer sleeve + core, to achieve the effect of opening the anal canal); while more advanced anoscopes are equipped with an image acquisition unit (to connect with the outer sleeve after core extraction to image and examine the condition inside the anal canal), some of which are for monitoring the anal canal sidewalls and have several observation windows on the outer sleeve to facilitate medical staff to adjust and examine the condition of the designated anal canal sidewall area.

[0004] In clinical practice, the diameter of the anal canal varies among patients, and the strength of sphincter tone and pelvic floor muscle contraction also differ, directly affecting the tightness and distribution of the mucosal folds on the anal canal sidewalls. When a fixed-size outer sleeve is inserted, if the ring diameter is too large, excessive dilation force can easily lead to anal sphincter tension or even mucosal tearing, causing significant distending pain and discomfort. If the ring diameter is too small, a gap exists between the outer sleeve and the anal canal wall, which not only fails to effectively flatten the sidewall folds and affect the observation of subtle mucosal lesions through the viewing window, but may also slip during the examination, increasing the need for repeated adjustments and causing friction and irritation to local tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery to address the above-mentioned technical deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery, which combines the annular diameter support and dilation adjustment and the anal canal illumination adjustment of the anoscope. This adapts to the individual anatomical differences of different patients, increasing patient comfort during anoscopy while maintaining the clarity and continuity of intraoperative images.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A traditional Chinese medicine surgical anoscope includes a scope body and a handheld part detachably connected to the scope body. The handheld part integrates an image acquisition device for acquiring images inside the anal canal. The scope body includes an outer sleeve and an inner core slidably fitted inside the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve includes a support cylinder and an expandable outer shell from the inside out. The expandable outer shell includes a limiting ring and several arc-shaped expansion plates. The arc-shaped expansion plates are all slidably connected to the limiting ring along the radial direction of the support cylinder. The limiting ring is slidably connected to the outer side wall of the support cylinder along its axial direction. A first ring wedge is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the support cylinder. A second ring wedge is fixedly connected to the side of the arc-shaped expansion plates near the support cylinder. The inclined surface of the second ring wedge is slidably fitted with the inclined surface of the first ring wedge.

[0007] Each adjacent arc-shaped expansion piece is provided with an extension connector, which is stretched or retracted based on the radial displacement of the arc-shaped expansion pieces on both sides of the support cylinder.

[0008] An illumination component is embedded on the inner wall of the arc-shaped expansion plate on the side away from the limiting ring. The illumination component is used to emit light to illuminate the inside of the anal canal.

[0009] The technical principle of the above scheme is as follows: This scheme adopts an inner and outer layered outer sleeve structure; the inner layer is a rigid support sleeve, providing a stable channel space for image acquisition; the outer layer is an expandable shell composed of several arc-shaped expansion pieces circumferentially enclosed, independently undertaking the function of expanding and contacting the anal canal wall; when the limiting ring slides along the axial direction of the support sleeve, the axial driving force is converted into synchronous expansion or contraction movement of each arc-shaped expansion piece along the radial direction of the support sleeve through the inclined sliding cooperation between the first ring wedge fixed to the support sleeve and the second ring wedge fixed to the arc-shaped expansion piece, thereby realizing the continuous adjustment of the outer sleeve ring diameter during the operation. The arc-shaped expansion pieces are connected by extension connectors, which automatically stretch or elastically retract during expansion or contraction, so that the expandable shell maintains a complete annular contact surface under any ring diameter state. The illumination component embedded in the inner wall of the arc-shaped expansion piece emits light radially, directly illuminating the anal canal mucosa area in contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped expansion piece, providing sufficient and uniform surgical field illumination for image acquisition.

[0010] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] 1. This method uses the axial sliding of the limiting ring in conjunction with the wedge-shaped inclined surface mechanism to convert the axial driving force into the radial synchronous expansion or contraction motion of the arc-shaped expansion plate. This allows the outer sleeve ring diameter to be continuously adjusted during the operation according to the actual diameter of the patient's anal canal and the sphincter tension, adapting to the individual anatomical differences of different patients. This avoids problems such as mucosal tearing or distending pain caused by an excessively large ring diameter, or slippage and friction irritation caused by an excessively small ring diameter, thus improving the patient's comfort and safety during the examination.

[0012] 2. This design uses a radially partitioned support cylinder and an arc-shaped expansion plate to provide a stable channel for image acquisition, while the outer arc-shaped expansion plate independently undertakes the function of dilating the anal canal. The physical separation between the two reduces the probability of mucus or tissue fluid secreted in the anal canal entering the image acquisition cavity and contaminating the lens, which is beneficial to maintaining the clarity and continuity of the intraoperative images.

[0013] 3. This solution embeds the lighting components within the inner wall of the arc-shaped expansion plate and emits light radially, shortening the light path and reducing energy attenuation caused by light transmission over long distances in conventional axial lighting methods. This ensures that all areas of the anal canal sidewall in contact with the arc-shaped expansion plate receive sufficient and uniform illumination. Simultaneously, the LED beads move synchronously with the radial displacement of the arc-shaped expansion plate, and the distance between the LED beads and the mucosal surface naturally changes when the ring diameter changes, achieving dynamic adaptive changes in lighting intensity as the ring diameter is adjusted.

[0014] Furthermore, the thickness of the ring sidewall of the first ring wedge decreases in the direction away from the limiting ring, while the thickness of the ring sidewall of the second ring wedge increases in the direction away from the limiting ring.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Through the reverse thickness gradient design of the first and second ring wedges, when the limiting ring slides along the axial direction of the support cylinder, relative sliding occurs between the inclined surfaces of the two wedges. With the help of the inclined surfaces, the axial displacement of the limiting ring is converted into the radial displacement of the arc-shaped expansion plate. This achieves continuous and smooth adjustment of the ring diameter of the arc-shaped expansion plate, and the adjustment range is determined by the thickness variation of the wedges. The adjustment process is uniform and stable, avoiding the impact on the anal canal wall caused by step adjustment.

[0016] Furthermore, the light irradiation direction of the lighting component is parallel to the radial direction of the support cylinder.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The illumination component irradiates outward in a radial direction, and the light directly reaches the surface of the anal canal mucosa that is in contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped dilatation plate. It does not need to be transmitted over a long distance through the hollow lumen, which effectively reduces the loss of light energy transmission and makes the side wall obtain uniform illumination in all directions. It avoids the defects of conventional axial illumination, where the light is concentrated in front of the endoscope tube and the side wall area is in the illumination shadow area. It is beneficial to conduct detailed examination of subtle lesions of the side wall mucosa through the observation window.

[0018] Furthermore, the curved expansion sheet is made of a transparent material, and the lighting assembly includes LED beads embedded within the curved expansion sheet.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The LED is directly embedded inside the transparent arc-shaped expansion piece. After the light is transmitted through the transparent material, it is emitted evenly in the radial direction. The LED does not protrude from the inner or outer surface of the arc-shaped expansion piece, reducing the probability of additional lighting elements occupying space inside the outer sleeve or increasing insertion resistance. At the same time, the LED is embedded inside the arc-shaped expansion piece and has no direct contact with the anal canal mucosa, reducing the risk of irritation or damage to the mucosa caused by the heat of the lighting element or uneven surface.

[0020] Furthermore, the extension connector includes an extension strip made of elastic material, with adjacent arc-shaped expansion plates having tape grooves on one side close to each other, and both ends of the extension strip being fixedly connected to the corresponding tape grooves.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The extension band between adjacent arc-shaped expansion pieces is stretched and extended to fill the gap during expansion. When closing, it relies on elastic recoil and is housed in the receiving groove, so that the expandable shell maintains a complete annular contact surface under any annular diameter state. This avoids the anal canal mucosa tissue being trapped or embedded in the gaps between the expansion pieces, reducing the risk of tissue damage. At the same time, the elastic recoil of the extension band helps to assist each arc-shaped expansion piece to close evenly when the annular diameter decreases, improving the stability of the adjustment process.

[0022] Furthermore, each of the arc-shaped expansion plates has a radial slider fixedly connected to its top, and a radial annular groove is provided inside the limiting ring, with the radial sliders slidingly engaged within the radial annular groove.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The arc-shaped expansion plates form a sliding fit with the radial ring groove on the limiting ring through the radial slider, so that the radial movement trajectory of each arc-shaped expansion plate on the limiting ring is constrained by the groove. This ensures the consistency of movement of multiple arc-shaped expansion plates during expansion or contraction, avoids eccentric expansion or local pressure concentration caused by asynchronous movement of each expansion plate, and ensures that the expandable shell always maintains uniform contact with the anal canal wall during the ring diameter adjustment process.

[0024] Furthermore, the height of the radial slider is the same as the height of the radial annular groove. The cross-section of the radial annular groove has an inverted "convex" shape, and the top opening width of the radial annular groove is smaller than the bottom maximum width of the radial slider.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The radial annular groove with an inverted "U" shaped cross-section reliably limits the radial slider in the axial direction through the dimensional difference between the top opening and the bottom wide cavity. This ensures that the arc-shaped expansion piece only has radial freedom and cannot move axially. It also ensures that the arc-shaped expansion piece always maintains a parallel posture with the support cylinder during sliding, avoiding the problem of uneven pressure distribution in contact with the anal canal wall caused by the expansion piece tilting or deflecting, thus improving the stability and safety of the expansion.

[0026] Furthermore, pressure sensors are provided on the outer wall of the arc-shaped expansion plate, and a drive assembly and a controller are provided on the handheld part. The drive assembly is used to clamp and drive the limiting ring to move axially along the outer sleeve, and the drive assembly is connected to the controller via signal.

[0027] The controller receives contact pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, calculates the average contact pressure applied to the anal canal wall by several arc-shaped expansion plates based on the contact pressure data, compares the average contact pressure with the preset target pressure, and generates a control signal to be sent to the drive component to control the inner diameter of the arc-shaped expansion plates.

[0028] Beneficial effects: By setting a pressure sensor on the outer wall of the arc-shaped dilator to collect the contact pressure on the anal canal wall in real time, and forming a closed-loop control circuit with the controller and drive components, the ring diameter adjustment has a clear mechanical quantitative basis rather than relying on the operator's subjective feel; the controller automatically makes decisions and executes the ring diameter adjustment based on the comparison between the average contact pressure and the preset target pressure, so that the dilator force is always maintained within the preset safe and effective range, avoiding mucosal damage or poor field of vision caused by fluctuations in dilator force, and at the same time eliminating the need for the operator to manually and repeatedly adjust the position of the limiting ring.

[0029] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a stepping telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the handheld part, and the output shaft of the stepping telescopic rod is provided with a clamping member for clamping the limiting ring.

[0030] Beneficial effects: The stepping telescopic rod precisely controls the linear displacement distance and speed of the output shaft through pulse signals. With the fixed connection between the clamping component and the limiting ring, the axial displacement of the stepping telescopic rod is accurately transmitted to the limiting ring, realizing precise control of the sliding stroke of the wedge block, and thus precisely adjusting the radial expansion amount of the arc-shaped expansion piece to meet the fine adjustment needs of the ring diameter at different stages of the operation.

[0031] Furthermore, the controller has a built-in pressure data acquisition module, a ring diameter adjustment decision module, and a drive command issuance module;

[0032] The pressure data acquisition module is used to receive contact pressure data collected by the pressure sensors on each arc-shaped expansion plate, filter and calculate the average value of the contact pressure data, and output the average contact pressure value.

[0033] The ring diameter adjustment decision module receives the average contact pressure value output by the pressure data acquisition module, compares the average contact pressure value with the upper and lower limits of the preset target pressure range, generates a contraction control signal when the average contact pressure value exceeds the upper limit of the preset target pressure range, generates an expansion control signal when the average contact pressure value is lower than the lower limit of the preset target pressure range, and generates a holding signal to maintain the current state when the average contact pressure value is within the preset target pressure range.

[0034] The drive command issuing module is used to receive the contraction control signal, expansion control signal or holding signal output by the ring diameter adjustment decision module, convert the contraction control signal or expansion control signal into the corresponding pulse control command, and issue the pulse control command to the stepping telescopic rod to drive the limit ring to move axially along the outer sleeve. Through the inclined sliding cooperation of the first ring wedge and the second ring wedge, the arc-shaped expansion plate is driven to contract or expand radially along the support cylinder.

[0035] Beneficial effects: Through the coordinated operation of three functional modules—pressure data acquisition, ring diameter adjustment decision-making, and drive command issuance—the acquisition module filters and averages multi-point pressure data to eliminate noise fluctuations. The decision-making module performs three-stage judgment based on a preset target pressure range and outputs corresponding control signals. The issuance module converts the control signals into pulse control commands for precise execution of the stepping telescopic rod. This control architecture ensures timely response to the expansion force adjustment, clear decision-making logic, and controllable execution precision, achieving full automation and intelligence in ring diameter adjustment and further reducing the uncontrollability of intraoperative operational variables.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the anoscope used in traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is an axonometric view of the endoscope body in an embodiment of the traditional Chinese medicine surgical anoscope of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the inner and outer sleeves;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Axonometric sectional view of the mirror body shown;

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of the fit between the end of the arc-shaped expansion plate and the outer sleeve at point A in the middle;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A magnified view of the limiting ring at point B in the middle section;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped dilation plate with a pressure sensor installed in an embodiment of the anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery of the present invention.

[0044] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Handheld part; 101. Image acquisition component; 2. Outer sleeve; 201. Support sleeve; 202. Expandable outer shell; 202a. Limiting ring; 202b. Radial slider; 202c. Arc-shaped expansion piece; 202d. Radial ring groove; 203. First ring wedge; 204. Second ring wedge; 205. Extension belt; 206. Belt groove; 3. Inner core; 4. Illumination assembly; 5. Pressure sensor; 6. Drive assembly; 601. Clamping component. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] This embodiment provides an anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery, the specific structure of which is as follows: Figure 1As shown, it includes a scope body and a handheld part 1 detachably connected to the scope body. The handheld part 1 integrates an image acquisition device 101 for acquiring images inside the anal canal (the image acquisition device 101 is preferably an OVM6946 type CMOS image sensor). The scope body includes an outer sleeve 2 and an inner core 3 that slides within the outer sleeve 2. Before being inserted into the anal canal, the inner core 3 is located inside the outer sleeve 2. Once the outer sleeve 2 and the inner core 3 reach the target detection position of the anal canal, the inner core 3 can be pulled out.

[0051] In particular, combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the outer sleeve 2 proposed in this embodiment includes a support sleeve 201 and an expandable outer shell 202 in sequence along its radial direction; the expandable outer shell 202 includes a limiting ring 202a and a plurality of arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c, all of which are slidably connected to the limiting ring 202a along the radial direction of the support sleeve 201, and the limiting ring 202a is slidably connected to the outer side wall of the support sleeve 201 along its axial direction; the specific combination Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown: Radial sliders 202b are fixedly connected to the top of each arc-shaped expansion piece 202c. A radial annular groove 202d is provided inside the limiting ring 202a, and the radial sliders 202b are slidably fitted within the radial annular groove 202d. In addition, the height of the radial sliders 202b is the same as the height of the radial annular groove 202d. The cross-section of the radial annular groove 202d presents an inverted "convex" shape. The top opening width of the radial annular groove 202d is smaller than the maximum bottom width of the radial sliders 202b, so that the radial sliders 202b can slide freely along the radial direction of the support cylinder 201 within the radial annular groove 202d, while the axial displacement of the radial sliders 202b along the support cylinder 201 is constrained and limited by the inner wall surface of the radial annular groove 202d.

[0052] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a first annular wedge 203 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support cylinder 201, and a second annular wedge 204 is fixedly connected to each of the arc-shaped expansion plates 202c near the support cylinder 201. The inclined surfaces of the second annular wedges 204 are in sliding engagement with the inclined surfaces of the first annular wedges 203. The thickness of the annular sidewall of the first annular wedge 203 decreases in the direction away from the limiting ring 202a, while the thickness of the annular sidewall of the second annular wedge 204 increases in the direction away from the limiting ring 202a.

[0053] Conventional anoscopes use a fixed-size outer tube, and the ring diameter cannot be adjusted during the procedure. In actual clinical application, if the ring diameter of the outer tube is too large, the excessive stretching force on the anal canal wall can easily cause tension of the anal sphincter or even mucosal tearing, resulting in obvious distending pain and discomfort. If the ring diameter is too small, there is a gap between the outer tube and the anal canal wall, which cannot effectively flatten the lateral mucosal folds, affecting the observation of subtle mucosal lesions through the viewing window. Furthermore, slippage may occur during the examination, increasing the friction and stimulation of local tissues caused by repeated adjustments.

[0054] In this embodiment, when the limiting ring 202a slides axially along the support cylinder 201, it drives the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c to move axially synchronously, and relative sliding occurs between the inclined surfaces of the first ring wedge 203 and the second ring wedge 204. Since the thickness of the first ring wedge 203 decreases in the direction away from the limiting ring 202a and the thickness of the second ring wedge 204 increases in the direction away from the limiting ring 202a, when the limiting ring 202a is pulled axially away from the top of the support cylinder 201, the thicker section of the first ring wedge 203 contacts the thinner section of the second ring wedge 204, and the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c is pulled inward, reducing the overall outer diameter of the expandable outer shell 202. Small; when the limiting ring 202a is pushed towards the top of the support cylinder 201, the thinner section of the first ring wedge 203 contacts the thicker section of the second ring wedge 204, and the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c is pushed outward, increasing the overall outer diameter of the expandable shell 202; when the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c expands radially outward, the radial slider 202b slides outward synchronously within the radial ring groove 202d. The radial ring groove 202d structure with an inverted "convex" cross section constrains the radial slider 202b to move only radially, keeping the radial expansion process of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c stable and avoiding uneven contact with the anal canal wall caused by the expansion piece tilting or deflecting.

[0055] In this embodiment, the radial partitioned design along the support cylinder 201 allows the hollow cavity inside the support cylinder 201 to serve as an image acquisition and observation channel. The image acquisition unit 101 is installed on the handheld part 1 and performs image acquisition of the inside of the anal canal through the inner cavity of the support cylinder 201. Meanwhile, the outer layer of several arc-shaped expansion plates 202c is specifically used to withstand the expansion pressure of the inner wall of the anal canal and undertake the function of expanding the anal canal. Based on this, the support cylinder 201, as the inner rigid structural component, provides a stable channel space for image acquisition, while the outer arc-shaped expansion piece 202c, as a radially displaceable flexible expansion structure, independently undertakes the function of contact expansion with the anal canal wall. The two are functionally separate but structurally linked and coordinated through a wedge mechanism. Since a physical gap is formed between the support cylinder 201 and the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c in the radial direction, the anal canal mucosa and intestinal wall secretions on the outside of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c are difficult to directly enter the inner cavity of the support cylinder 201, reducing the possibility of mucus or tissue fluid secreted in the anal canal entering the image acquisition cavity to contaminate the lens or interfere with imaging. At the same time, the image acquisition component 101 does not need to be directly exposed to the outer environment in contact with the anal canal wall, which also reduces the blurring or contamination of the image acquisition lens due to contact with the mucosa, and helps to maintain the clarity and continuity of the intraoperative image.

[0056] Unlike conventional methods where fixed-size outer tubes require preoperative selection based on experience and cannot be adjusted during surgery, this embodiment uses the axial displacement of the limiting ring 202a in conjunction with the wedge-shaped inclined sliding mechanism to convert the axial pushing and pulling force into the radial uniform expansion or contraction motion of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c. This allows the outer tube 2 ring diameter to be continuously adjusted during surgery according to the patient's actual anal canal diameter and sphincter tension, reducing the probability of mucosal damage or poor field of vision caused by ring diameter mismatch.

[0057] In addition, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an extension connector is provided between adjacent arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c. The extension connector is stretched or retracted when the arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c on both sides are radially displaced along the support cylinder 201, so as to maintain a complete annular contact surface with the inner wall of the anal canal. The extension connector includes an extension band 205 made of elastic material. Adjacent arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c have a receiving groove 206 on one side close to each other, and both ends of the extension band 205 are fixedly connected to the corresponding receiving groove 206. When the arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c expand radially outward, the circumferential distance between adjacent expansion pieces increases, and the extension band 205 is stretched and extended to fill the gap between the expansion pieces. When the arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c retract radially inward, the extension band 205 retracts elastically and is stored in the receiving groove 206, preventing the extension band 205 from accumulating and protruding, thus irritating the anal canal wall. The extension band 205 ensures that the expandable outer shell 202 maintains a complete annular contact surface at any degree of expansion, reducing the probability of the anal canal mucosa being pinched and injured by embedding in the gap between the arc-shaped expansion pieces 202c.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, an illumination component 4 is embedded on the inner wall of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c away from the limiting ring 202a. The illumination component 4 is used to emit light to illuminate the inside of the anal canal. The arc-shaped expansion piece 202c is made of a transparent material (preferably made of a cyclic olefin copolymer material). The illumination component 4 includes LED beads embedded in the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c. The light irradiation direction of the illumination component 4 is parallel to the radial direction of the support cylinder 201. The LED beads are embedded inside the transparent arc-shaped expansion piece 202c. After the light is transmitted through the transparent material, it is emitted uniformly outward along the radial direction of the support cylinder 201, directly illuminating the anal canal mucosa area in contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c. This addresses the problem in conventional anoscopes where the light source is located at the tail end of the scope and the light attenuates when transmitted through the hollow lumen to the distal end, resulting in insufficient brightness in the deep field of vision.

[0059] Unlike conventional techniques that place the light source at the tail end or handheld part 1 of the anoscope for illumination, where the light beam travels along the axis of the support tube 201 towards the depths of the anal canal, the light path must be transmitted through a relatively long hollow tube. During transmission, the light attenuates continuously, and by the time it reaches the distal end of the anal canal, the illuminance has significantly decreased. Furthermore, in axial illumination, the light is mainly concentrated in front of the scope tube, limiting the angle of illumination on the anal canal lateral wall mucosa, often leaving the lateral wall area in a "shadow zone." In this embodiment, the LED is embedded inside the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c, which directly contacts the anal canal wall. After being transmitted through the transparent COC material, the light is emitted radially outward, directly illuminating the anal canal mucosal surface contacted by the outer wall of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c. This radial lateral wall illumination method significantly shortens the light path, avoiding energy attenuation during long-distance axial light transmission. This ensures that every area of ​​the anal canal lateral wall in contact with the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c receives sufficient and uniform illumination, which is particularly beneficial for detailed observation of subtle lesions in the lateral wall mucosa through the observation window on the outer sleeve 2. Furthermore, since the LED beads are embedded inside each arc-shaped expansion piece 202c and move synchronously with the radial displacement of the arc-shaped expansion piece 202c, when the annular diameter of the expandable outer shell 202 changes due to intraoperative adjustment, the radial distance between each LED bead and the anal canal wall changes accordingly. When the annular diameter increases, the LED beads move outward with the expansion piece, getting closer to the mucosal surface, and the illumination intensity naturally increases. When the annular diameter decreases, the LED beads retract with the expansion piece, increasing the distance to the mucosal surface, and the illumination intensity decreases accordingly. This achieves dynamic adaptive change of illumination intensity with annular diameter adjustment, maintaining relative stability of mucosal surface illuminance without the need for additional brightness control mechanisms, further simplifying the operation process.

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] As attached Figure 7As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that pressure sensors 5 are provided on the outer wall of the arc-shaped expansion plate 202c; the handheld part 1 is also provided with a drive assembly 6 and a controller. The drive assembly 6 is used to clamp and drive the limiting ring 202a to move axially along the outer sleeve 2. The drive assembly 6 is connected to the controller via a signal. The drive assembly 6 includes a stepping telescopic rod (the stepping telescopic rod is preferably a PFL series integrated through screw linear stepper actuator). The stepping telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the handheld part 1. The output shaft of the stepping telescopic rod is provided with a clamping member 601 for clamping the limiting ring 202a (the clamping member 601 includes a clamping base, a jaw, a locking sleeve and a reset elastic element; the clamping member 601 is a conventional principle technology, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment).

[0062] The controller has a built-in pressure data acquisition module, a ring diameter adjustment decision module, and a drive command issuance module.

[0063] The pressure data acquisition module receives contact pressure data collected by the pressure sensors 5 on each arc-shaped expansion piece 202c, filters and calculates the average contact pressure value. Multiple pressure sensors 5 are distributed circumferentially along the anal canal, collecting the contact pressure between each arc-shaped expansion piece 202c and the anal canal wall. Averaging eliminates instantaneous fluctuations caused by differences in local tissue hardness or sensor noise from individual sensors, ensuring that the average contact pressure value more stably reflects the overall expansion force borne by the anal canal wall.

[0064] The ring diameter adjustment decision module receives the average contact pressure value output by the pressure data acquisition module and compares it with the upper and lower limits of the preset target pressure range. When the average contact pressure value exceeds the upper limit of the preset target pressure range, it indicates that the current expansion force is too large, posing a risk of mucosal damage, and a contraction control signal is generated. When the average contact pressure value is lower than the lower limit of the preset target pressure range, it indicates that the current expansion force is insufficient, and the mucosal folds may not be fully flattened, and an expansion control signal is generated. When the average contact pressure value is within the preset target pressure range, it indicates that the current expansion force is appropriate, and a holding signal to maintain the current state is generated.

[0065] The drive command issuing module is used to receive the contraction control signal, expansion control signal or holding signal output by the ring diameter adjustment decision module, convert the contraction control signal or expansion control signal into the corresponding pulse control command, and issue the pulse control command to the stepping telescopic rod to drive the limit ring 202a to move axially along the outer sleeve 2. Through the inclined sliding cooperation of the first ring wedge 203 and the second ring wedge 204, the arc-shaped expansion plate 202c is driven to contract or expand radially along the support cylinder 201 to adjust the inner diameter of the arc-shaped expansion plate 202c.

[0066] Unlike the experience-based adjustment method where operators judge the degree of dilation by touch or visual inspection, this embodiment uses a pressure sensor 5 combined with a controller and a stepping telescopic rod to form a closed-loop control circuit for contact pressure. The actual contact pressure borne by the anal canal wall is used as the basis for control, rather than the displacement of the arc-shaped dilator 202c or the operator's subjective feeling. When the anal sphincter spasms due to tension, causing a sudden increase in contact pressure, the system automatically triggers contraction control. When the sphincter relaxes after the anesthesia takes effect, causing a decrease in contact pressure, the system automatically triggers dilation control to maintain the mucosa flattened state, so that the dilation force is always maintained within the preset safe and effective range, reducing the probability of mucosal damage or poor vision caused by fluctuations in dilation force. At the same time, the surgeon does not need to manually and repeatedly adjust the position of the limiting ring 202a, and can focus on the surgical operation.

[0067] Furthermore, due to the significant differences in biomechanical properties between diseased tissues such as tumors and fibrotic tissues and normal tissues, the elastic modulus of diseased tissues is usually higher than that of surrounding normal tissues, manifesting as increased local stiffness. Pressure sensor 5 can not only be used for closed-loop control of the expansion force but can also be further extended to serve as an auxiliary detection method for anal canal wall lesions. When the arc-shaped expansion plate 202c contacts and slightly compresses the anal canal wall with constant pressure or constant displacement, the degree of deformation produced by normal tissue and diseased tissue under the same force differs, which is reflected in the pressure sensor 5 as differences in contact pressure distribution and pressure response characteristics. Based on this principle, the controller can identify abnormal stiffness in local areas of the anal canal wall by performing spatial distribution analysis and temporal characteristic analysis on the contact pressure data collected by each pressure sensor 5, providing auxiliary information for lesion localization and screening in clinical practice. Specifically:

[0068] During the process of the arc-shaped dilator 202c contacting the anal canal wall and applying a stable dilution force, the controller records the pressure response values ​​of each pressure sensor 5 under different annular diameter states, establishing a pressure distribution map along the circumferential and axial directions of the anal canal. When the pressure response value of a certain local area is significantly higher than that of the adjacent areas (indicating that the tissue in that area has higher hardness and reduced deformation capacity) or the pressure response characteristics deviate from the mechanical response curve of normal tissue, the system generates a corresponding prompt signal. This extended function shares the same array of pressure sensors 5 and data acquisition module as the aforementioned closed-loop control of dilution force, without adding additional hardware costs. It can simultaneously acquire the mechanical property information of the anal canal wall tissue during routine anoscopy or surgery, providing a reference for early screening and intraoperative auxiliary localization of lesions such as tumors and fibrosis in the anal canal and lower rectum.

[0069] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine surgical anoscope, comprising a scope body and a handheld part (1) detachably connected to the scope body, wherein the handheld part (1) integrates an image acquisition device (101) for acquiring images inside the anal canal, and the scope body comprises an outer sleeve (2) and an inner core (3) slidably fitted within the outer sleeve (2), characterized in that, The outer sleeve (2) sequentially comprises a support cylinder (201) and an expandable outer shell (202) from the inside to the outside. The expandable outer shell (202) includes a limit ring (202a) and a plurality of arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c). Each of the arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c) is radially slidably connected to the limit ring (202a) along the radial direction of the support cylinder (201). The limit ring (202a) is axially slidably connected to the outer side wall of the support cylinder (201). A first annular wedge block (203) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the support cylinder (201). A second annular wedge block (204) is fixedly connected to the side of each arc-shaped expansion piece (202c) close to the support cylinder (201), and the inclined surface of each second annular wedge block (204) is in sliding fit with the inclined surface of the first annular wedge block (203); An extension connecting member is arranged between every two adjacent arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c), and the extension connecting member is stretched to extend or retract based on the radial displacement of the arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c) on its two sides along the support cylinder (201); An illumination assembly (4) is embedded on the inner side wall of the side of the arc-shaped expansion piece (202c) away from the limit ring (202a), and the illumination assembly (4) is used for emitting light that illuminates the inside of the anal canal.

2. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the annular side wall of the first annular wedge block (203) decreases in the direction away from the limit ring (202a), and the thickness of the annular side wall of the second annular wedge block (204) increases in the direction away from the limit ring (202a).

3. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light irradiation direction of the illumination assembly (4) is parallel to the radial direction of the support cylinder (201).

4. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c) are made of a transparent material, and the illumination assembly (4) comprises lamp beads embedded in the arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c).

5. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension connecting member comprises an extension belt (205) made of an elastic material. A belt receiving groove (206) is formed on each of the mutually adjacent sides of the adjacent arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c), and both ends of the extension belt (205) are fixedly connected in the corresponding belt receiving grooves (206).

6. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, A radial sliding block (202b) is fixedly connected to the top end of each arc-shaped expansion piece (202c). A radial annular sliding groove (202d) is formed in the limit ring (202a), and each radial sliding block (202b) is in sliding fit in the radial annular sliding groove (202d).

7. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The height of each radial sliding block (202b) is the same as the height of the radial annular sliding groove (202d). The cross section of the radial annular sliding groove (202d) presents an inverted "convex" structure, and the width of the top opening of the radial annular sliding groove (202d) is smaller than the maximum width of the bottom of the radial sliding block (202b).

8. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure sensor (5) is arranged on the outer side wall of each arc-shaped expansion piece (202c). A driving assembly (6) and a controller are further arranged on the handheld portion (1). The driving assembly (6) is used for clamping and driving the limit ring (202a) to displace along the axial direction of the outer sleeve (2), and the driving assembly (6) is in signal connection with the controller; The controller is used for receiving the contact pressure data collected by the pressure sensor (5), calculating the average contact pressure applied by the plurality of arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c) to the anal canal wall based on the contact pressure data, comparing the average contact pressure with a preset target pressure, and generating and sending a regulation signal to the driving assembly (6) to regulate the inner diameter of the arc-shaped expansion pieces (202c).

9. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive assembly (6) includes a stepping telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the hand-held part (1). The output shaft of the stepping telescopic rod is provided with a clamping member (601) for clamping the limiting ring (202a).

10. The anoscope for traditional Chinese medicine surgery according to claim 9, characterized in that, The controller has a built-in pressure data acquisition module, a ring diameter adjustment decision module, and a drive command issuance module; The pressure data acquisition module is used to receive the contact pressure data collected by the pressure sensor (5) on each arc-shaped expansion plate (202c), filter and calculate the average value of the contact pressure data, and output the average contact pressure value. The ring diameter adjustment decision module receives the average contact pressure value output by the pressure data acquisition module, compares the average contact pressure value with the upper and lower limits of the preset target pressure range, generates a contraction control signal when the average contact pressure value exceeds the upper limit of the preset target pressure range, generates an expansion control signal when the average contact pressure value is lower than the lower limit of the preset target pressure range, and generates a holding signal to maintain the current state when the average contact pressure value is within the preset target pressure range. The drive command issuing module is used to receive the contraction control signal, expansion control signal or holding signal output by the ring diameter adjustment decision module, convert the contraction control signal or expansion control signal into the corresponding pulse control command, and issue the pulse control command to the stepping telescopic rod to drive the limit ring (202a) to move axially along the outer sleeve (2), and drive the arc-shaped expansion plate (202c) to contract or expand radially along the support cylinder (201) through the inclined sliding cooperation of the first ring wedge (203) and the second ring wedge (204).

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