Photovoltaic module and solar cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module and a solar cell piece. The photovoltaic module comprises a backboard; the battery piece assembly is arranged on the surface of one side of the back plate and comprises a plurality of tiled solar battery pieces; a gap is formed between every two adjacent solar cells; the light-transmitting cover plate covers the battery piece assembly; the photovoltaic module further comprises a dimming structural member, and the dimming structural member is used for changing the propagation direction of light rays so as to improve the incidence rate of the light rays entering the photosensitive area of the solar cell piece. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the light propagation direction can be changed through the dimming structural member, and the incidence rate of light incident to the photosensitive area of the solar cell is improved, so that the utilization of sunlight by the solar cell is improved, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic devices, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic module and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is an important development direction in the field of new energy development. It is a green energy technology that can convert solar energy into electrical energy. It can reduce human dependence on fossil fuels and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It has great development prospects.

[0003] Photovoltaic modules are the core part of photovoltaic power generation systems. Photovoltaic modules use internal solar cells to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules mainly include: a back plate and a transparent cover plate that are arranged opposite to each other; and multiple solar cells located between the back plate and the transparent cover plate.

[0004] In existing photovoltaic modules, the utilization rate of sunlight by solar cells is reduced, which affects the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a photovoltaic module and a solar cell, the scheme is as follows:

[0006] A photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0007] Back panel;

[0008] A cell assembly is arranged on one side surface of the back plate, the cell assembly comprises a plurality of flat solar cells; there are gaps between adjacent solar cells;

[0009] A light-transmitting cover plate covering the battery cell assembly;

[0010] The photovoltaic module also includes a dimming structure, which is used to change the propagation direction of light to increase the incidence rate of light incident on the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell.

[0011] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic assembly, the dimming structure comprises: at least one of a first dimming structure and a second dimming structure;

[0012] The solar cell has grid lines; the first dimming structure covers the grid lines and is used to change the transmission direction of the light propagating toward the grid lines and enter the surface of the solar cell not covered by the grid lines;

[0013] The second dimming structure is located at the light incident side of the gap, and is used to change the transmission direction of the light propagating toward the gap so as to be incident on the surface of the solar cell adjacent to the gap.

[0014] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic assembly, the first dimming structure comprises a first metamaterial layer covering the grid lines, and the first metamaterial layer comprises a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light;

[0015] And / or, the inner surface of the transparent cover plate has a first refraction structure in a region opposite to the grid lines, the first refraction structure includes a refraction unit for refracting light, and the first dimming structure includes the first refraction structure.

[0016] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic assembly, the transparent cover is fixed on the surface of the cell assembly based on the adhesive film; the second dimming structure includes a second metamaterial layer located on the surface of the adhesive film facing the transparent cover, and the second metamaterial layer includes a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light; the second metamaterial layer is arranged opposite to the gap;

[0017] And / or, a region of the inner surface of the transparent cover plate opposite to the gap has a second refraction structure, the second refraction structure includes a refraction unit for refracting light, and the second dimming structure includes the second refraction structure.

[0018] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic component, the maximum size of the micro three-dimensional geometric body is 0.1nm~100nm.

[0019] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic module, the target area of ​​the light-transmitting cover plate has an etched pattern to form a refraction unit in the target area;

[0020] The target area includes: an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the grid lines, and / or an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the gaps.

[0021] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic assembly, a patterned light-transmitting layer is provided on the target area of ​​the light-transmitting cover plate, and the light-transmitting layer includes a refractive unit;

[0022] The target area includes: an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the grid lines, and / or an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the gaps.

[0023] Optionally, in the above photovoltaic module, the light-transmitting layer is an optical adhesive layer;

[0024] The refraction unit includes a plurality of prisms arranged in parallel, or the refraction unit includes a plurality of cones arranged in an array.

[0025] The present application also provides a solar cell, comprising:

[0026] A battery cell body, wherein a grid line is provided on one side surface of the battery cell body;

[0027] The dimming structure covers the grid lines and is used to change the propagation direction of light so that the light propagating toward the grid lines changes its transmission direction and enters the surface of the solar cell not covered by the grid lines to increase the incidence rate of light entering the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell.

[0028] Optionally, in the above solar cell, the dimming structure includes: a first metamaterial layer covering the grid lines, the first metamaterial layer including micro three-dimensional geometric bodies for changing the propagation direction of light.

[0029] It can be known from the above description that in the photovoltaic module and solar cell provided by the technical solution of the present application, the photovoltaic module includes: a backplane; a cell assembly arranged on the surface of one side of the backplane, the cell assembly including a plurality of flat solar cells; gaps between adjacent solar cells; a light-transmitting cover covering the cell assembly; wherein the photovoltaic module also includes a dimming structure, the dimming structure is used to change the propagation direction of light to increase the incidence rate of light incident on the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell. The technical solution of the present application can improve the incidence rate of light incident on the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell by the function of changing the propagation direction of light through the dimming structure, thereby improving the utilization of sunlight by the solar cell, and can improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with this technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented, and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size, without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by this application, should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in this application.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the principle of a factor that prevents solar cells in photovoltaic modules from effectively utilizing sunlight;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another factor that causes solar cells in photovoltaic modules to fail to effectively utilize sunlight;

[0034] Figure 3A schematic diagram of another factor that causes solar cells in photovoltaic modules to fail to effectively utilize sunlight;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an implementation method of a first dimming structural component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another implementation method of the first dimming structural component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an implementation method of a second dimming structural component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another implementation method of the second dimming structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the principle of adjusting the propagation direction of light by forming an etched pattern on the inner surface of a transparent cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the embodiments in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] refer to Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The schematic diagram is a principle diagram of a factor that prevents solar cells in a photovoltaic module from effectively utilizing sunlight. In the photovoltaic module, there are multiple solar cells 11, and the solar cells 11 collect and transmit photocurrent based on grid lines 111. There is a gap 10 between adjacent solar cells 11 to facilitate circuit interconnection between the solar cells 11. The width of the gap 10 between adjacent solar cells 11 is generally 1 mm to 4 mm. The sunlight irradiated to the gap 10 will be reflected by the back plate 12 of the photovoltaic module, and then reflected to the outside of the photovoltaic module, or irradiated to the ground below the photovoltaic module through the back plate 12.

[0043] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the transmission direction of sunlight is indicated by a unidirectional solid arrow.

[0044] In a photovoltaic module, the gaps 10 between the solar cells 11 occupy 3% to 10% of the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic module. Since the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 cannot utilize the sunlight irradiated into the gaps 10, this part of the sunlight cannot participate in photoelectric conversion.

[0045] refer to Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The schematic diagram of another factor that prevents solar cells from effectively utilizing sunlight in photovoltaic modules is shown in FIG. 1 . The surface of the solar cell 11 is provided with a grid line 111 for collecting and transmitting photocurrent. The grid line 111 is a metallized electrode on the front side of the solar cell 11. The grid line 111 includes a fine grid and a main grid. The fine grid is used to collect and transmit photocurrent, and the main grid is used to collect and connect the solar cells 11 in series.

[0046] The photocurrent generated by the solar cell 11 is vertically transmitted from the inside to the surface, and then horizontally transmitted to the grid line 111 through the surface emitter for collection. The main grid is mainly used to connect to the external circuit, and the fine grid is mainly used to collect the photocurrent and transmit the photocurrent to the main grid. Since the grid line 111 will block part of the solar cell 11, the sunlight irradiated on the grid line 111 will be reflected and cannot be used by the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that this part of the sunlight cannot participate in photoelectric conversion.

[0047] refer to Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another factor that prevents solar cells in a photovoltaic module from effectively utilizing sunlight. In the photovoltaic module, the solar cells 11 need to be connected via welding strips 13. The main grid on the front of one solar cell 11 needs to be connected to the back electrode of another solar cell 11 via welding strips 13. The solid line shows the series connection of the two solar cells 11.

[0048] In the photovoltaic module, the surface of the welding strip 13 is approximately a plane, so the solar light that is vertically irradiated onto the welding strip 13 will be almost completely reflected, and then pass through the adhesive film and the transparent cover plate in the photovoltaic module in turn, and return to the external environment along the original path. When the sunlight is obliquely incident on the welding strip 13, the welding strip 13 will also form a shadow. The higher the welding strip 13, the larger the shadow area, and the wider the welding strip 13, resulting in a smaller area of ​​the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11. Since the welding strip 13 will block part of the solar cell 11, the sunlight irradiated onto the welding strip 13 will be reflected and cannot be used by the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, resulting in this part of the sunlight being unable to participate in photoelectric conversion.

[0049] based on Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the current photovoltaic module cannot utilize sunlight outside the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell, such as the light that shines on the gap 10, the grid line 111 and the welding strip 13, resulting in a low utilization rate of sunlight by the solar cell 11, affecting the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0050] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module and a solar cell, which can change the propagation direction of light through a dimming structure, thereby increasing the incidence rate of light entering the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell, thereby improving the utilization of sunlight by the solar cell, and can improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0051] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0052] refer to Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the photovoltaic assembly includes:

[0053] Back plate 12;

[0054] A cell assembly is arranged on one side surface of the back plate 12, the cell assembly comprises a plurality of flat solar cells 11; there is a gap 10 between adjacent solar cells 11;

[0055] A light-transmitting cover plate 15 covering the battery cell assembly;

[0056] The photovoltaic assembly further includes a dimming structure 14 , which is used to change the propagation direction of light so as to increase the incidence rate of light incident on the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 .

[0057] The dimming structure 14 can change the propagation path of the light irradiated outside the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that at least part of the light irradiated outside the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 is irradiated to the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, thereby increasing the incidence rate of light in the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 and improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0058] In one implementation of the present application, the Figure 4 As shown, the dimming structure 14 includes a first dimming structure 141 and a second dimming structure 142 .

[0059] Among them, the solar cell 11 has a grid line 111, and the first dimming structure 141 covers the grid line 111 of the solar cell 11. The first dimming structure 141 is used to change the transmission direction of the light propagating toward the grid line 111 and enter the surface of the solar cell 11 not covered by the grid line 111; the second dimming structure 142 is located on the light incident side of the gap 10, and is used to change the transmission direction of the light propagating toward the gap 10 and enter the surface of the solar cell 11 adjacent to the gap 10.

[0060] As described above, the grid line 111 on the front side of a solar cell 11 needs to be connected to the back electrode of another adjacent solar cell 11 through a welding strip. A first dimming structure 141 is also provided to cover the welding strip on the surface of the solar cell 11, so that the light incident toward the welding strip changes the propagation direction, so that at least part of the light incident toward the welding strip is incident on the photosensitive area not covered by the welding strip and the grid line 111.

[0061] Based on the way that the solar cells 11 are connected by welding ribbons, it can be known that for the portion of welding ribbon located above the solar cell 11, this portion of welding ribbon covers a section of the main grid. Therefore, if the first dimming structure 141 covers the portion of welding ribbon above the solar cell 11, it will also cover the grid line covered by this portion of welding ribbon.

[0062] In other implementations of the embodiments of the present application, the photovoltaic assembly may also include one of the first dimming structure component 141 and the second dimming structure component 142 .

[0063] When the photovoltaic component has a first dimming structure 141, the first dimming structure 141 can change the transmission path of the light irradiated on the grid line 111 and / or the welding strip, so that at least part of the light irradiated on the grid line 111 and / or the welding strip can be irradiated to the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that this part of the light can participate in photoelectric conversion.

[0064] When the photovoltaic component has a second dimming structure 142, the second dimming structure 142 can change the transmission path of the light irradiating the gap 10, so that at least part of the light irradiating the gap 10 can irradiate the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that this part of the light can participate in photoelectric conversion.

[0065] refer to Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an implementation method of a first dimming structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first dimming structure 141 includes a first metamaterial layer 1411 covering the gate line 111 , and the first metamaterial layer 1411 includes micro three-dimensional geometric bodies for changing the propagation direction of light.

[0066] The first metamaterial layer 1411 has a micro three-dimensional geometric body that can change the propagation direction of light. The propagation direction of light is adjusted based on the micro three-dimensional geometric body, so that the light incident toward the grid line 111 can change the transmission direction in the first metamaterial layer 1411, so that this part of the light can illuminate the unblocked photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that the solar cell 11 can use this part of the light to generate photovoltaic power.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, the first metamaterial layer 1411 is a metamaterial with light refraction / scattering function. The research and development of metamaterials with light refraction / scattering function is an important branch of materials science and optics. This type of metamaterial uses nanoscale micro three-dimensional geometric bodies to enable the metamaterial to change the path of light passing through the metamaterial in an unconventional way. Based on this characteristic of the metamaterial, the first metamaterial layer 1411 can be made to have the desired refractive index by adjusting the micro three-dimensional geometric bodies, so as to achieve directional emission of incident light to illuminate the unobstructed photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, the dotted one-way arrow represents the propagation path of the light if the light does not change its propagation direction through the dimming structure 14 .

[0069] refer to Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another implementation method of the first dimming structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the inner surface of the transparent cover plate 15 has a first refraction structure 1412 in an area opposite to the grid lines 111 . The first refraction structure 1412 includes a refraction unit for refracting light. The first dimming structure 141 includes the first refraction structure 1412 .

[0070] The first refractive structure 1412 has a refractive unit that can refract light, which changes the transmission direction of light incident toward the grid line 11 and / or the welding strip, so that this part of the light is irradiated to the unblocked photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, thereby enabling the solar cell 11 to utilize this part of the light for photovoltaic power generation.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, the first dimming structure 141 may be configured to include at least one of a first metamaterial layer 1411 and a first refractive structure 1412 based on demand.

[0072] refer to Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an implementation method of a second dimming structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 7In the illustrated embodiment, the light-transmitting cover plate 15 is fixed on the surface of the battery cell assembly based on the first adhesive film 16; the second dimming structure 142 includes a second metamaterial layer 1421 located on the surface of the first adhesive film 16 facing the light-transmitting cover plate 15, and the second metamaterial layer 1421 includes a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light; the second metamaterial layer 1421 is arranged opposite to the gap 10.

[0073] The second metamaterial layer 1421 has a micro three-dimensional geometric body that can change the propagation direction of light. The propagation direction of light is adjusted based on the micro three-dimensional geometric body, so that the light incident toward the gap 10 can change the transmission direction in the second metamaterial layer 1421, so that this part of the light can illuminate the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that the solar cell 11 can use this part of the light to generate photovoltaic power.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, the second metamaterial layer 1421 is a metamaterial with light refraction / scattering function. By using nanometer-scale micro three-dimensional geometric bodies, the metamaterial can change the light path through the metamaterial in an unconventional way. Based on this characteristic of the metamaterial, the second metamaterial layer 1421 can be made to have a desired refractive index by adjusting the micro three-dimensional geometric bodies, so as to achieve directional emission of the incident light to illuminate the unblocked photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11.

[0075] When the first metamaterial layer 1411 and the second metamaterial layer 1421 are disposed simultaneously in the photovoltaic module, the first metamaterial layer 1411 and the second metamaterial layer 1421 may be the same metamaterial layer.

[0076] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a metamaterial with light refraction / scattering function is used to change the propagation direction of light, so that the light originally irradiated outside the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 can change the transmission direction, and then the part of the light can be irradiated into the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 that is not blocked, thereby solving the bottleneck problem faced by the current solar cell efficiency improvement, and bringing huge application prospects to the photovoltaic industry. By designing the nano-scale three-dimensional geometric body in the metamaterial layer, the directional emission of the incident metamaterial layer light can be achieved, and the solar cell 11 can achieve efficient collection of light, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0077] refer to Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another implementation method of the second dimming structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the inner surface of the transparent cover plate 15 has a second refraction structure 1422 in an area opposite to the gap 10 . The second refraction structure 1422 includes a refraction unit for refracting light. The second dimming structure 142 includes the second refraction structure 1422 .

[0078] The second dimming structure 142 has a refraction unit that can refract light. The refraction unit changes the transmission direction of the light incident toward the gap 10 so that this part of the light is irradiated to the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, so that the solar cell 11 can use this part of the light for photovoltaic power generation.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the second dimming structure 142 may be configured to include at least one of a second metamaterial layer 1421 and a second refractive structure 1422 based on demand.

[0080] Optionally, the maximum size of the micro three-dimensional geometric body is 0.1nm~100nm, and the photovoltaic metamaterial layer uses nanometer-scale micro three-dimensional geometric bodies to adjust the propagation direction of light. When there is a first metamaterial layer 1411, the maximum size of the micro three-dimensional geometric body in the first metamaterial layer 1411 is 0.1nm~100nm. When there is a second metamaterial layer 1421, the maximum size of the micro three-dimensional geometric body in the second metamaterial layer 1421 is 0.1nm~100nm.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present application, the metamaterial layer is based on nanometer-scale micro three-dimensional geometric bodies to adjust the propagation direction of light. By controlling the shape, material, size and other parameters of the micro three-dimensional geometric bodies, the metamaterial layer can have the function of changing the propagation direction of light, so that the light can be emitted in a directional manner, and the light irradiated and transmitted toward the non-photosensitive area is changed in transmission direction so that this part of the light is incident on the photosensitive area.

[0082] The micro three-dimensional geometric body may be at least one of a sphere, a cylinder, a prism, a cone, a regular polyhedron and an irregular polyhedron.

[0083] In the embodiment of the present application, Figure 6 or Figure 8 As shown, a patterned transparent layer is disposed on the target area of ​​the transparent cover plate 15, and the transparent layer includes a refractive unit. Optionally, the transparent layer is an optical adhesive layer; the refractive unit includes a plurality of parallel arranged prisms, or the refractive unit includes a plurality of array arranged cones.

[0084] refer to Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9A schematic diagram of the principle of adjusting the propagation direction of light by an etching pattern formed on the inner surface of a transparent cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present application, in which a target area of ​​the transparent cover plate 15 is provided with an etching pattern to form a refraction unit in the target area; wherein the target area includes: an area where the inner surface of the transparent cover plate 15 is opposite to the grid line 111, and / or an area where the inner surface of the transparent cover plate 15 is opposite to the gap 10. In this method, the target area can be etched by laser etching, wet etching, or dry etching to form at least one etching groove, and the refraction unit includes the etching groove.

[0085] Optional, in Fig. 9 In the manner shown, the etching pattern may be a conical groove or a triangular strip groove located in the surface of the target area.

[0086] In any of the above embodiments, the surface of the back sheet 12 has a second adhesive film 17 , and each solar cell 11 is fixed on the surface of the back sheet 12 based on the second adhesive film 17 .

[0087] From the above description, it can be seen that based on the dimming structure 14 arranged in the photovoltaic module, the propagation path of the light irradiated outside the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 can be changed, so that at least a part of the light irradiated outside the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 is irradiated to the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11, and the light that originally could not be irradiated to the photosensitive area is collected into the photosensitive area, thereby increasing the incidence rate of the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 and improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0088] Another embodiment of the present application further provides a solar cell. The structure of the solar cell 11 can be as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes: a battery cell body, and a grid line 111 is provided on one side surface of the battery cell body;

[0089] The dimming structure covers the grid lines 111 and is used to change the propagation direction of light so that the light propagating toward the grid lines changes its transmission direction and enters the surface of the solar cell not covered by the grid lines to increase the incidence rate of light entering the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell.

[0090] Optionally, in the above-mentioned solar cell 11, the dimming structure includes: a first metamaterial layer 1411 covering the grid line 111, and the first metamaterial layer 1411 includes a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light. In other embodiments, the dimming structure can also be an optical prism, and the propagation direction of light can be changed by injecting an optical prism, so that the light propagating toward the grid line can change the transmission direction and enter the surface of the solar cell that is not covered by the grid line.

[0091] In the solar cell 11 provided in the embodiment of the present application, light that originally could not be irradiated to the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 can be collected to the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell 11 based on the first metamaterial layer 1411 covering the gate line 111, thereby increasing the light incidence rate of the solar cell 11 and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0092] The solar cell 11 may be a silicon-based photovoltaic single-junction cell. The light incidence rate of the silicon-based photovoltaic single-junction cell may be increased by dimming structural components, which may theoretically break through the efficiency limit of the silicon-based photovoltaic single-junction cell.

[0093] In the specification of this application, each embodiment is described in a progressive, parallel, or progressive and parallel manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. The implementation methods provided in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other if there is no contradiction.

[0094] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the description of the drawings and embodiments is illustrative rather than restrictive. The same reference numerals throughout the embodiments of the specification identify the same structure. In addition, for the sake of understanding and ease of description, the drawings may exaggerate the thickness of some layers, films, panels, regions, etc. It is also understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. In addition, "on" refers to positioning an element on or below another element, but does not essentially refer to positioning on the upper side of another element according to the direction of gravity.

[0095] The terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a centrally arranged component at the same time.

[0096] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or device including the above elements.

[0097] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Back panel; A cell assembly is arranged on a surface of one side of the back plate, wherein the cell assembly includes a plurality of flat solar cells; and there are gaps between adjacent solar cells; A light-transmitting cover plate covering the battery cell assembly; Wherein, the photovoltaic assembly further includes a dimming structure; The battery cell assembly comprises: a battery cell body, and a grid line is provided on one side surface of the battery cell body; The dimming structure includes a first dimming structure covering the grid line, and the first dimming structure is used to change the propagation direction of light, so that the light propagating toward the grid line changes the transmission direction and is incident on the surface of the solar cell not covered by the grid line, so as to increase the incidence rate of light incident on the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimming structure also includes a second dimming structure; The second dimming structure is located at the light incident side of the gap, and is used to change the transmission direction of the light propagating toward the gap so as to be incident on the surface of the solar cell adjacent to the gap.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first dimming structure comprises a first metamaterial layer covering the gate line, and the first metamaterial layer comprises a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light; And / or, a region of the inner surface of the transparent cover plate opposite to the grid lines has a first refraction structure, the first refraction structure includes a refraction unit for refracting light, and the first dimming structure includes the first refraction structure.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transparent cover plate is fixed on the surface of the cell assembly based on an adhesive film; the second dimming structure comprises a second metamaterial layer located on the surface of the adhesive film facing the transparent cover plate, the second metamaterial layer comprises a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light; the second metamaterial layer is arranged opposite to the gap; And / or, a region of the inner surface of the transparent cover plate opposite to the gap has a second refraction structure, the second refraction structure includes a refraction unit for refracting light, and the second dimming structure includes the second refraction structure.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The maximum size of the micro three-dimensional geometric body is 0.1nm to 100nm.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The target area of ​​the light-transmitting cover plate has an etching pattern to form the refraction unit in the target area; Wherein, the target area includes: an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the grid lines, and / or an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the gaps.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: A patterned light-transmitting layer is disposed on the target area of ​​the light-transmitting cover plate, and the light-transmitting layer includes the refractive unit; Wherein, the target area includes: an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the grid lines, and / or an area where the inner surface of the light-transmitting cover plate is opposite to the gaps.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The light-transmitting layer is an optical adhesive layer; The refraction unit includes a plurality of prisms arranged in parallel, or the refraction unit includes a plurality of cones arranged in an array.

9. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: A battery cell body, wherein a grid line is provided on one side surface of the battery cell body; A dimming structure covering the grid line is used to change the propagation direction of light, so that the light propagating toward the grid line changes the transmission direction and is incident on the surface of the solar cell not covered by the grid line, so as to increase the incidence rate of light incident on the photosensitive area of ​​the solar cell.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dimming structure comprises: a first metamaterial layer covering the gate line, wherein the first metamaterial layer comprises a micro three-dimensional geometric body for changing the propagation direction of light.

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