Temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model

Abstract

The utility model discloses a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model, which comprises an upper skull model, a lower jaw model, artificial muscles and an artificial ligament, the artificial muscles comprise artificial masseter, artificial temporalis, artificial wing inner muscles and artificial wing outer muscles, one side of the artificial ligament is fixedly connected with the upper skull model, and the other side of the artificial ligament is fixedly connected with the lower jaw model. The artificial masseter muscle, the artificial temporal muscle, the artificial wing inner muscle and the artificial wing outer muscle are respectively composed of a first silica gel plate, a first spring and a first rope, one side of the first silica gel plate is fixedly connected with the upper skull model, the other side of the first silica gel plate is fixedly connected with the lower jaw model, and the first spring and the first rope are embedded into the first silica gel plate; the movement of the first spring and the first rope drives the first silica gel plate to extend or contract. An operator can control extension and contraction of the first silica gel plate through the first spring and the first rope, and the motion function of the mandible of the masticatory muscle can be simulated more truly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching demonstration models, in particular to a teaching demonstration model of a temporomandibular joint. Background Art

[0002] The temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model is an educational tool used to demonstrate the structure and function of the temporomandibular joint. It helps learners understand the anatomical characteristics and movement of the joint by simulating the connection between the bones and the related masticatory muscles. The temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model provides an intuitive learning resource for medical and dental education, and can promote understanding of the masticatory muscles and mandible. However, traditional temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration models are generally static models that can only display the structure of the masticatory muscles and mandible, but cannot realistically simulate the process of the masticatory muscles contracting and pulling the mandible to move. They are not intuitive and interactive, and students' learning methods are restricted, which reduces their interest in learning. Therefore, the field of teaching demonstration model technology needs to propose a dynamic teaching demonstration model that can more realistically simulate the movement function of the masticatory muscles and mandible. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention provides a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model, the main technical problem to be solved is how to simulate the mandibular movement function of the masticatory muscles more realistically.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model is implemented as follows:

[0005] A teaching demonstration model of the temporomandibular joint includes an upper skull model, a lower jaw model, artificial muscles and artificial ligaments. The artificial muscles include an artificial masseter muscle, an artificial temporalis muscle, an artificial medial pterygoid muscle and an artificial lateral pterygoid muscle. The artificial ligament is configured to be fixedly connected to the upper skull model on one side and fixedly connected to the lower jaw model on the other side. The artificial masseter muscle, the artificial temporalis muscle, the artificial medial pterygoid muscle and the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle are all composed of a first silicone plate, a first spring and a first rope. The first silicone plate is configured to be fixedly connected to the upper skull model on one side and fixedly connected to the lower jaw model on the other side. The first spring and the first rope are arranged inside the first silicone plate. The movement of the first spring and the first rope drives the first silicone plate to extend or contract.

[0006] Preferably, the artificial ligament is composed of a second silicone plate, a second spring and a second rope, and the second spring and the second rope are arranged inside the second silicone plate.

[0007] Preferably, a forward and reverse motor and a rope drum are provided in the first silicone plate, the rotating shaft of the forward and reverse motor is fixedly connected to the middle part of the rope drum, one side of the first rope is connected to the rope drum, and the other side of the first rope is connected to the side of the first silicone plate away from the forward and reverse motor and the rope drum.

[0008] Preferably, the forward and reverse motor signals are connected to a controller.

[0009] Preferably, the first silicone plate is fixedly connected to the upper skull model and the mandibular model at connections by screws.

[0010] Preferably, the second silicone plate is fixedly connected to the upper skull model and the mandibular model at connections by screws.

[0011] Preferably, one side of the first rope is fixedly connected to the first silicone plate, and the other side of the first rope passes through the first silicone plate and is arranged outside the first silicone plate.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the first rope disposed outside the first silicone plate is connected to a pull ring.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the rope disposed outside the first silicone plate is fixedly connected to a pull ring.

[0014] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present application can simulate the mandibular model of the masticatory muscles by connecting the upper skull model and the mandibular model by setting the artificial muscles and the artificial ligaments. At the same time, the artificial muscles include the artificial masseter muscle, the artificial temporalis muscle, the artificial medial pterygoid muscle and the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle, which include the main muscles of the masticatory muscles. The artificial muscles are composed of the first silicone plate, the first spring and the first rope, so that the operator can control the extension and contraction of the first silicone plate through the first spring and the first rope, thereby simulating the movement function of the mandibular model of the masticatory muscles more realistically.

[0015] In summary, the present application can simulate the mandibular movement function of the masticatory muscles more realistically by cooperating with the artificial muscles and the artificial ligaments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model in Example 1 of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model in closed mouth state in Example 1 of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the artificial masseter muscle (other artificial muscles are hidden) in Example 1 of the present application in the closed mouth state;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the artificial temporalis muscle (other artificial muscles are omitted) in Example 1 of the present application in the closed mouth state;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the artificial medial pterygoid muscle (other artificial muscles are omitted) in Example 1 of the present application in the closed mouth state;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a front structural diagram of a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model in Example 1 of the present application in an open mouth state;

[0022] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle and mold motion state for the mouth opening action in Example 1 of this application

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle for the mouth twisting action in Example 1 of the present application (other artificial muscles are hidden);

[0024] Figure 9 This is an enlarged view of point A in Example 1 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a front structural diagram of a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model in a crooked mouth state in Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the motion state of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle and mold for the crooked mouth action in Example 1 of this application

[0027] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle in Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 13 This is an enlarged view of point B in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle for the mouth twisting action in Example 1 of the present application (other artificial muscles are hidden);

[0030] Figure 15 This is an enlarged view of point C in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the artificial ligament in Example 1 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the artificial muscle in Example 1 of the present application;

[0033] Figure 18This is a structural diagram of a temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model in Example 2 of this application;

[0034] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the artificial muscle in Example 2 of the present application;

[0035] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0036] 1. Upper skull model; 2. Mandibular model; 3. Artificial muscle; 4. Artificial ligament; 5. Joint socket; 6. Controller; 7. Screw; 8. Pull ring;

[0037] 301. Artificial masseter muscle; 302. Artificial temporalis muscle; 303. Artificial medial pterygoid muscle; 304. Artificial lateral pterygoid muscle; 305. First silicone plate; 306. First spring; 307. First rope; 308. Forward and reverse motor; 309. Rope reel;

[0038] 401. Second silicone plate; 402. Second spring; 403. Second rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following is a further detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the specification. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments", which describes a subset of all possible embodiments, but it should be understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0040] It should also be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Refer to the attached Figure 1-17The present application provides a teaching demonstration model of the temporomandibular joint, comprising an upper skull model 1, a lower jaw model 2, an artificial muscle 3 and an artificial ligament 4, wherein the artificial muscle 3 comprises an artificial masseter muscle 301, an artificial temporalis muscle 302, an artificial medial pterygoid muscle 303 and an artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304, and the artificial ligament 4 is configured to be fixedly connected to the upper skull model 1 on one side and fixedly connected to the lower jaw model 2 on the other side, and the artificial masseter muscle 301, the artificial temporalis muscle 302, the artificial medial pterygoid muscle 303 and the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 are all composed of a first silicone plate 305, a first spring 306 and a first rope 307, and the first silicone plate 305 is configured to be fixedly connected to the upper skull model 1 on one side and fixedly connected to the lower jaw model 2 on the other side, and the first spring 306 and the first rope 307 are arranged inside the first silicone plate 305, and the movement of the first spring 306 and the first rope 307 drives the first silicone plate 305 to extend or contract. This device can simulate the masticatory muscle and mandible by connecting the upper skull model 1 and the mandibular model 2 by setting the artificial muscle 3 and the artificial ligament 4. At the same time, the artificial muscle 3 includes the artificial masseter muscle 301, the artificial temporalis muscle 302, the artificial medial pterygoid muscle 303 and the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304, which include the main muscles of the masticatory muscle. The artificial muscle 3 is composed of the first silicone plate 305, the first spring 306 and the first rope 307, so that the operator can control the extension and contraction of the first silicone plate 305 through the first spring 306 and the first rope 307, thereby simulating the movement function of the masticatory muscle and mandible more realistically.

[0043] When the device is in operation, the upper skull model 1 is fixed, and the artificial muscle 3 is used to control the movement of the mandibular model 2 relative to the upper skull model 1 for simulation. The device can simulate actions such as closing the mouth, opening the mouth, and twisting the mouth by controlling the contraction or extension of the artificial muscle 3.

[0044] The upper skull model 1 and the lower jaw model 2 are both modeled after the actual human skull structure. One end of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 is fixed to the lower half of the sphenoid wing and the lateral pterygoid plate in front of the upper skull model 1, and the other end is fixed to the mandibular neck and joint capsule. When viewed from the anterior midline, the sphenoid wing and the lateral pterygoid plate are on the inside, and the mandibular neck is on the outside. The two are not in a vertical front-to-back orientation, but rather have an inclined front-to-medial-back-to-outward orientation. Therefore, when the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 contracts, it generates two forces: one forward and one inward. The mandibular model 2 can undergo two movements: rotation and forward-backward sliding. Opening and closing the mouth is a combination of these two movements. Simultaneously, artificial ligaments 4 are attached to the lower half of the mandibular neck and the mandibular angle on both sides.

[0045] Refer to the attached Figure 2-5The device controls the contraction of the artificial temporalis muscle 302, the artificial masseter muscle 301 and the artificial medial pterygoid muscle 303 on both sides simultaneously through the first spring 306 and the first rope 307. Figure 2-5 The artificial temporalis muscle 302, the artificial masseter muscle 301 and the artificial medial pterygoid muscle 303 are arranged in accordance with the attached Figure 2-5 The jaw model 2 contracts in the direction of the marked arrow, thereby applying an upward pulling force to the jaw model 2 to move it closer to the upper skull model 1, so that the upper end of the jaw model 2 contacts the lower end of the upper skull model 1, simulating the closing action.

[0046] Refer to the attached Figure 6-9 The device controls the contraction of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscles 304 on both sides by the first spring 306 and the first rope 307, so that the mandibular model 2 generates the force of forward and inward movement on both sides (such as the attached Figure 7-9 The mandibular model 2 is provided with a plurality of support arms, and the support arms are ... Figure 8-9 The mandibular model 2 moves backward and downward, and the upper end of the mandibular model 2 moves forward under the pulling force of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304, and the lower end of the mandibular model 2 moves toward the back and downward under the pulling force of the artificial ligament 4, thereby separating the front side of the mandibular model 2 from the front end of the upper skull model 1, simulating the mouth opening action.

[0047] Refer to the attached Figure 10-15 The present device controls the contraction of the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 on one side through the first spring 306 and the first rope 307. The upper rear end of the mandibular model 2 is arranged at the articular fossa 5. When the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 contracts, the mandibular model 2 moves forward at the articular fossa 5. At the same time, the artificial ligament 4 prevents the mandibular model 2 from moving forward excessively. The mandibular model 2 is directly subjected to the pulling force generated by the artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304, generating a tendency to move forward and inward (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 12-15The movement trend is shown by the arc arrow), the contracted artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 generates a force close to the side of the uncontracted artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304, and the mandibular model 2 tilts toward the side of the uncontracted artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304. At the same time, the artificial ligament 4 on the side of the contracted artificial lateral pterygoid muscle 304 applies a pulling force to the mandibular model 2 to limit the position, thereby avoiding an excessively large angle of deviated mouth, and effectively simulating the deviated mouth movement.

[0048] In summary, the present device can simulate the mandibular movement function of the masticatory muscles more realistically through the cooperation of the artificial muscle 3 and the artificial ligament 4 .

[0049] Specifically, the artificial ligament 4 is composed of a second silicone plate 401, a second spring 402 and a second rope 403. The second spring 402 and the second rope 403 are arranged inside the second silicone plate 401. Figure 12 A cavity is provided in the middle of the second silicone plate 401, and the two sides of the second spring 402 are respectively connected to the two sides of the second silicone plate 401, and the two sides of the second rope 403 are also respectively connected to the two sides of the second silicone plate 401. By setting the second silicone plate 401 and the second spring 402, this device enables the artificial ligament 4 to have a certain elasticity and deformation ability. At the same time, the second rope 403 can prevent the artificial ligament 4 from excessively stretching or deforming when subjected to force, affecting the demonstration effect.

[0050] Specifically, a forward and reverse motor 308 and a rope drum 309 are provided in the first silicone plate 305. The rotating shaft of the forward and reverse motor 308 is fixedly connected to the middle of the rope drum 309. One side of the first rope 307 is connected to the rope drum 309, and the other side of the first rope 307 is connected to the side of the first silicone plate 305 away from the forward and reverse motor 308 and the rope drum 309. Figure 13 A cavity is provided in the middle of the first silicone plate 305, the forward and reverse motor 308 is embedded in one end of the first silicone plate 305, the two sides of the first spring 306 are respectively connected to the two sides of the first silicone plate 305, one side of the first rope 307 is connected to the rope drum 309, and the other side of the first rope 307 is connected to the side away from the forward and reverse motor 308. By arranging the forward and reverse motor 308 and the rope drum 309, this device enables the forward and reverse motor 308 to drive the rope drum 309 to rotate forward or reverse, thereby winding the first rope 307 into the rope drum 309 or releasing it from the rope drum 309, and cooperating with the first spring 306 to achieve the effect of controlling the contraction or extension of the first silicone plate 305.

[0051] Specifically, the forward and reverse motor 308 is signal-connected to the controller 6. In this embodiment, the controller 6 is configured as an 8051 single-chip microcomputer, and the forward and reverse motor 308 is connected to the controller 6 via a wireless signal. By configuring the controller 6 to be signal-connected to the forward and reverse motor 308, the device enables the start and pause of the forward and reverse motor 308 to be remotely controlled, thereby enhancing the demonstration effect.

[0052] Specifically, the first silicone plate 305 is fixedly connected to the upper skull model 1 and the mandibular model 2 at their connections by screws 7. The upper skull model 1 and the mandibular model 2 are both provided with drill holes for connecting the artificial muscle 3. The first silicone plate 305 is connected to the upper skull model 1 and the mandibular model 2 via the screws 7 and the drill holes. The use of the screws 7 for connection ensures that the artificial muscle 3 is securely connected and easily disassembled.

[0053] Specifically, the second silicone plate 401 is fixedly connected to the upper skull model 1 and the mandibular model 2 at their connections by screws 7. The second silicone plate 401 is connected to the upper skull model 1 and the mandibular model 2 in the same manner as the first silicone plate 305, ensuring a secure connection and easy disassembly of the artificial ligament 4.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Refer to the attached Figure 18-19 This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that one side of the first rope 307 is fixedly connected to the first silicone plate 305, while the other side of the first rope 307 passes through the first silicone plate 305 and is disposed outside the first silicone plate 305. The first rope 307 extends through the first silicone plate 305 to the outside, allowing the operator to control the contraction of different muscles by pulling different first ropes 307. After releasing the ropes, the muscles stretch due to the action of the springs. By simultaneously pulling multiple first ropes 307, the device can simulate movements such as opening, closing, and twisting the mouth. Manually pulling the ropes to control muscle contraction provides enhanced interactive teaching effects.

[0056] Specifically, one end of the first rope 307 disposed outside the first silicone plate 305 is connected to a pull ring 7. The pull ring 7 makes the pulling operation more convenient and can more easily pull multiple artificial muscles 3 simultaneously for simulation teaching, thereby improving the convenience of using the device.

[0057] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to them. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included in the scope of protection of the present utility model. The scope of protection of the present utility model should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper skull model (1), a lower jaw model (2), artificial muscles (3) and artificial ligaments (4), wherein the artificial muscles (3) comprise an artificial masseter muscle (301), an artificial temporalis muscle (302), an artificial medial pterygoid muscle (303) and an artificial lateral pterygoid muscle (304), and the artificial ligament (4) is configured such that one side of the artificial ligament (4) is fixedly connected to the upper skull model (1) and the other side of the artificial ligament (4) is fixedly connected to the lower jaw model (2). (304) are composed of a first silicone plate (305), a first spring (306) and a first rope (307), wherein the first silicone plate (305) is configured to be fixedly connected to the upper skull model (1) on one side and to be fixedly connected to the mandibular model (2) on the other side, wherein the first spring (306) and the first rope (307) are configured to be inside the first silicone plate (305), and the movement of the first spring (306) and the first rope (307) drives the first silicone plate (305) to extend or contract.

2. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial ligament (4) is composed of a second silicone plate (401), a second spring (402) and a second rope (403), and the second spring (402) and the second rope (403) are arranged inside the second silicone plate (401).

3. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A forward and reverse motor (308) and a rope drum (309) are provided in the first silicone plate (305); the rotating shaft of the forward and reverse motor (308) is fixedly connected to the middle of the rope drum (309); one side of the first rope (307) is connected to the rope drum (309); and the other side of the first rope (307) is connected to a side of the first silicone plate (305) away from the forward and reverse motor (308) and the rope drum (309).

4. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The forward and reverse motor (308) is signal-connected to a controller (6).

5. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first silicone plate (305) is fixedly connected to the upper skull model (1) and the mandibular model (2) at their connection points by screws (7).

6. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second silicone plate (401) is fixedly connected to the upper skull model (1) and the mandibular model (2) at their connection points by screws (7).

7. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the first rope (307) is fixedly connected to the first silicone plate (305), and the other side of the first rope (307) passes through the first silicone plate (305) and is arranged outside the first silicone plate (305).

8. A temporomandibular joint teaching demonstration model according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the first rope (307) disposed outside the first silicone plate (305) is connected to a pull ring (8).

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