A confined water observation device for geotechnical investigation
By designing a sealing pipe and a water-proof component, the problem of poor water-proofing between the borehole and the measuring steel pipe was solved, enabling accurate observation of the confined aquifer and ensuring the reliability of the confined aquifer observation data.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHONG KAN METALLURGICAL INVESTIGATION DESING & RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the water-blocking effect between the borehole and the measuring steel pipe is not good, which leads to the failure of confined aquifer observation. Especially when the upper clay layer is thick and soft, the filling material is difficult to sink and cannot effectively isolate the upper unconfined layer from the confined aquifer.
The system employs a combination design of a sealing tube, a water-proof component, and an observation component, including an arc-shaped plate, a waterproof membrane, and a sealing ring. Through sliding connections and elastic fit, it effectively seals the gap between the sealing tube and the detection hole, preventing water from the upper groundwater layer from entering the confined aquifer and ensuring the accuracy of the observation.
It effectively isolates the water source of the upper unconfined layer, ensures the accuracy of the observation data of the confined aquifer, avoids observation failure, and improves the reliability of the confined aquifer observation.
Smart Images
Figure CN224341007U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of confined water observation devices, specifically to a confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration. Background Technology
[0002] In geotechnical investigation, it is often necessary to measure the confined aquifer water level to calculate the stability of confined water inrush, which facilitates the determination of relevant parameters and the formulation of construction plans, especially for deep foundation pit projects where the problem of confined water inrush must be considered. Soil layers are generally divided from top to bottom into: upper unconfined stratum, upper impermeable layer, confined aquifer, and lower impermeable layer.
[0003] Currently, the main method for observing the level of confined aquifers during exploration is to drill holes, then make small holes in the PVC pipes that are in contact with the aquifer, wrap them with a filter screen, and then bury the PVC pipes in the confined aquifer. Bentonite or fine sand is then used to fill the gap between the hole wall and the pipe, isolating the upper unconfined layer from the aquifer. The confined water rises through the pipe to the top, where the water level is measured and recorded. However, using bentonite or fine sand to fill the gap between the PVC pipe and the borehole wall is not very effective. In fact, when the upper clay layer is too thick or too soft, most of the filling material (bentonite or fine sand) cannot sink to the impermeable layer and cannot play a water-blocking role, resulting in the failure of observation of the confined aquifer. Utility Model Content
[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a confined water observation device for geotechnical exploration, which solves the problem mentioned in the background art of poor water isolation between the borehole and the measuring steel pipe, leading to the failure of observation of the confined water layer.
[0006] (II) Technical Solution
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a confined water observation device for geotechnical exploration, comprising a geotechnical layer, the geotechnical layer including an upper aquifer and a confined aquifer, the upper side of the upper aquifer being an upper unconfined layer, the lower side of the confined aquifer being a lower aquifer, the upper aquifer communicating with the confined aquifer, a detection hole being provided on the geotechnical layer, one end of the detection hole being located in the upper aquifer, and further comprising a sealing pipe, a water-blocking component, and an observation component, one end of the sealing pipe being connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection hole, a gap existing between the outer side wall of the sealing pipe and the inner side wall of the detection hole, the water-blocking component being disposed on the sealing pipe and located in the upper aquifer, for blocking the water source above the upper aquifer, and the observation component being disposed inside the sealing pipe, for driving the water-blocking component to block the water source above the upper aquifer and penetrating into the confined aquifer to observe the water level within the confined aquifer.
[0008] Since further drilling is required within the soil and rock layer, and this hole penetrates and extends into the confined aquifer, to prevent water from the upper unconfined layer from moving downwards through the sealing pipe and the borehole wall of the probe into the confined aquifer and affecting the observation results, the water-tight assembly includes four arc-shaped plates, a waterproof membrane, and a sealing ring. A through groove is provided on the sealing pipe, and all four arc-shaped plates are slidably connected to the through groove via connectors. The axes of the four arc-shaped plates coincide (the four arc-shaped plates...). It can be "assembled" into a cylindrical shape. The larger end of the arc-shaped plate slides against the upper and lower inner walls of the groove. The waterproof membrane is fitted onto the outer walls of the four arc-shaped plates. One end of the four arc-shaped plates abuts against the inner wall of the waterproof membrane. The bottom and bottom ends of the waterproof membrane are tightly fitted against the inner top and inner bottom walls of the groove, respectively. The waterproof membrane is annular and elastic. The sealing ring is fitted onto the outer wall of the waterproof membrane. The sealing ring has good elasticity and waterproofness.
[0009] To enable one end of the arc-shaped plate to slide and engage with the sealing tube, and to fix the arc-shaped plate within the sealing tube after movement, the connecting component includes a connecting plate, two springs, and a fixing groove. The sealing tube has a moving groove that engages with the connecting plate. The connecting plate is embedded in the moving groove and slides within the inner wall of the moving groove. The top of the arc-shaped plate has two mounting holes. One end of each of the two springs is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of one of the two mounting holes, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting plate. The sealing tube has a fixing groove that engages with the connecting plate, and the fixing groove and the moving groove are connected.
[0010] To facilitate the observation of the water level of the confined aquifer, the observation assembly includes a piercing head and an observation tube. Each of the four arc-shaped plates has a recessed portion at one end, and the four recessed portions form a perforation that matches the piercing head. One end of the piercing head slides against the inner wall of the perforation, and the bottom end of the observation tube is fixedly connected to the other end of the piercing head.
[0011] To prevent water from the upper diving layer from entering the sealing tube through the gap between the inner wall of the sealing tube and the detection hole, and to facilitate the arc-shaped plate pushing the waterproof membrane and sealing ring to seal the gap in the through groove, the sealing tube is divided into two sections, and the thickness of the arc-shaped plate, the waterproof membrane and the sealing ring are all the same as the thickness of the through groove.
[0012] In order to observe the water source in the confined aquifer and facilitate the movement of the four arc-shaped plates, a permeable pipe is provided inside the observation pipe. The permeable pipe is wrapped with a filter screen. The cross-sectional area of the permeable pipe is smaller than that of the observation pipe. The permeable pipe and the observation pipe are connected. The length of the permeable pipe is greater than the thickness of the confined aquifer. Multiple seepage holes are opened on the permeable pipe.
[0013] (III) Beneficial Effects
[0014] Compared with the prior art, this utility model provides a confined water observation device for geotechnical investigation, which has the following beneficial effects:
[0015] In this invention, a detection hole is pre-drilled in the soil layer using a sealing tube, an observation component, and a waterproofing component. The sealing tube is then placed inside the detection hole. By moving the observation tube and the piercing head longitudinally downwards, the piercing head compresses and pushes four arc-shaped plates away from the axis of the sealing tube. When the top of the piercing head is below the bottom of the arc-shaped plate, and the bottom of the observation tube slides into the recess, the connecting plate moves to the fixing groove. A spring pushes the connecting plate into the fixing groove, keeping the position of the arc-shaped plate fixed. During the movement of the arc-shaped plates, multiple arc-shaped plates compress and push the inner wall of the waterproof membrane, causing the waterproof membrane to stretch and push the sealing ring to move. The outer wall of the sealing ring abuts against the inner wall of the gap, thus "sealing" the gap through the waterproof membrane and the sealing ring. This can reduce or prevent water from the upper aquifer from shifting downwards and mixing into the confined aquifer. Subsequently, during the downward movement of the observation tube and the piercing head, the piercing head penetrates the upper impermeable layer and runs through the confined aquifer, eventually reaching the lower impermeable layer. At this point, the permeable pipe penetrates the confined aquifer, and water from the confined aquifer enters the permeable pipe through the seepage holes. Staff can use professional measuring equipment to observe the water level in the permeable pipe through the observation tube. During the process of the piercing head penetrating the upper impermeable layer, even if there is a gap between the piercing head and the observation tube and the hole drilled by the piercing head, the impermeable components can prevent water from the upper impermeable layer from entering the confined aquifer, thus achieving effective water isolation and ensuring the accuracy of the water source observation data within the confined aquifer 3.
[0016] Therefore, this geotechnical exploration confined water observation device is used to solve the problem mentioned in the background art of poor water isolation between the existing borehole and the measuring steel pipe, which leads to the failure of observation of the confined water layer. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the overall cross-section in a preferred embodiment of this application;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the sealing tube, water-proof component and observation component in a preferred embodiment of this application;
[0019] Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment of this application Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the partial structure at point A in the middle;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present application, showing the state after the piercing head has penetrated the lower waterproof layer.
[0021] Figure 5This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the state after the observation tube moves longitudinally and pushes multiple arc plates to move in a preferred embodiment of this application;
[0022] Figure 6 In a preferred embodiment of this application Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle;
[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sealing tube and the arc plate in a preferred embodiment of this application.
[0024] In the diagram: 1. Soil and rock layer; 2. Upper impermeable layer; 3. Confined aquifer; 4. Detection hole; 5. Sealing pipe; 6. Void; 7. Arc plate; 8. Through groove; 9. Waterproof membrane; 10. Sealing ring; 11. Connecting plate; 12. Moving groove; 13. Spring; 14. Mounting hole; 15. Fixing groove; 16. Piercing head; 17. Recess; 18. Perforation; 19. Observation tube; 20. Permeable pipe; 21. Seepage hole; 22. Upper phreatic layer; 23. Lower impermeable layer. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0026] Example
[0027] Please see Figures 1 to 7 A confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration includes a rock and soil layer 1, which includes an upper water-impermeable layer 2 and a confined water aquifer 3. The upper side of the upper water-impermeable layer 2 is an upper unconfined layer 22, and the lower side of the confined water aquifer 3 is a lower water-impermeable layer 23. The upper water-impermeable layer 2 communicates with the confined water aquifer 3. A detection hole 4 is opened on the rock and soil layer 1, and one end of the detection hole 4 is located in the upper water-impermeable layer 2. The device also includes a sealing pipe 5, a water-impermeable component, and an observation component.
[0028] like Figure 7 As shown, one end of the sealing tube 5 is connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection hole 4, and there is a gap 6 between the outer side wall of the sealing tube 5 and the inner side wall of the detection hole 4.
[0029] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the water-proof component is installed on the sealing pipe 5 and located in the upper water-proof layer 2 to block the water source above the upper water-proof layer 2. Since further drilling is required in the soil layer 1, and this hole penetrates the confined aquifer 3 and extends into the confined aquifer 3, in order to prevent the water source in the upper unconfined layer 22 from moving downward through the sealing pipe 5 and the hole wall of the probe hole 4 and transferring into the confined aquifer 3, thus affecting the observation results, the water-proof component includes four arc-shaped plates 7, a waterproof membrane 9, and a sealing ring 10. A through groove 8 is opened on the sealing pipe 5, and the four arc-shaped plates 7 are slidably connected to the through groove 8 through connectors. In order to make one end of the arc-shaped plate 7 slide in fit with the sealing pipe 5, and in the arc-shaped... After the plate 7 is moved, it is fixed inside the sealing tube 5. The connecting parts include a connecting plate 11, two springs 13 and a fixing groove 15. The sealing tube 5 has a moving groove 12 that cooperates with the connecting plate 11. The connecting plate 11 is embedded in the moving groove 12 and slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the moving groove 12. The top of the arc plate 7 has two mounting holes 14. One end of the two springs 13 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the two mounting holes 14 respectively. When the connecting plate 11 is in the moving groove 12, the springs 13 are in a compressed state, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting plate 11. The sealing tube 5 has a fixing groove 15 that cooperates with the connecting plate 11. The fixing groove 15 and the moving groove 12 are connected.
[0030] The axes of the four arc-shaped plates 7 coincide (the four arc-shaped plates 7 can be "joined" into a cylinder). The larger end of the arc-shaped plate 7 slides and engages with the upper and lower inner walls of the groove. The waterproof membrane 9 is fitted onto the outer walls of the four arc-shaped plates 7, and one end of the four arc-shaped plates 7 abuts against the inner wall of the waterproof membrane 9. The bottom and bottom ends of the waterproof membrane 9 are tightly fitted with the inner top and inner bottom walls of the through groove 8, respectively. The waterproof membrane 9 is annular and elastic. The sealing ring 10 is fitted onto the outer wall of the waterproof membrane 9. The sealing ring 10 has good elasticity and waterproofness. In order to prevent water from the upper diving layer 22 from entering the sealing pipe 5 through the gap 6 between the inner wall of the sealing pipe 5 and the detection hole 4, and to facilitate the arc-shaped plates 7 to push the waterproof membrane 9 and the sealing ring 10 to seal the gap 6 of the through groove 8, the sealing pipe 5 is divided into two sections. The thickness of the arc-shaped plates 7, the waterproof membrane 9, and the sealing ring 10 are all the same as the thickness of the through groove 8.
[0031] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the observation component is installed inside the sealing pipe 5. It is used to drive the water-blocking component to block the water source above the upper water-blocking layer 2 and to penetrate into the confined aquifer 3 to observe the water level in the confined aquifer 3. To facilitate the observation of the water level in the confined aquifer 3, the observation component includes a piercing head 16 and an observation tube 19. Each of the four arc-shaped plates 7 has a recess 17 at one end, and the four recesses 17 form a perforation 18 that cooperates with the piercing head 16. One end of the piercing head 16 slides in contact with the inner wall of the perforation 18, and the bottom end of the observation tube 19 is connected to the piercing head 16. The other end of the head 16 is fixedly connected. The cross-sectional area of the observation tube 19 is the same as the cross-sectional area of the top of the piercing head 16. In order to observe the water source in the confined aquifer 3 and facilitate the movement of the four arc plates 7, a permeable pipe 20 is provided inside the observation tube 19. The outside of the permeable pipe 20 is wrapped with a filter screen. The cross-sectional area of the permeable pipe 20 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the observation tube 19. The permeable pipe 20 and the observation tube 19 are connected. The length of the permeable pipe 20 is greater than the thickness of the confined aquifer 3. Multiple seepage holes 21 are opened on the permeable pipe 20.
[0032] Working principle: Before applying this confined water observation device for geotechnical exploration to the observation of confined water aquifer 3, a detection hole 4 is pre-drilled in the geotechnical layer 1. A sealing tube 5 carrying a water-proof component is installed in the detection hole 4, with the bottom end of the sealing tube 5 inserted into the inner bottom wall of the detection hole 4 and held in place. The axes of the sealing tube 5 and the detection hole 4 are aligned. Then, the observation tube 19 and the piercing head 16 are moved downwards within the sealing tube 5. The observation tube 19, the piercing head 16, and the sealing tube 5 are coaxial. During the movement, one end of the piercing head 16 enters the perforation 18 and squeezes the recessed part 17. A smooth soft pad is provided on the recessed part 17, and the surface of the soft pad is smooth. The piercing head 16 slides and engages with the end face of the piercing head 16. As the piercing head 16 moves downwards, the soft pad contracts, causing the piercing head 16 to slide down along the inner wall of the soft pad. The downward movement of the piercing head 16 causes the four arc-shaped plates 7 to move away from the axis of the sealing tube 5. This pushes the arc-shaped plates 7 to move, which in turn moves the connecting plate 11 and the spring 13. When the top of the piercing head 16 is below the bottom of the arc-shaped plate 7, and the bottom of the observation tube 19 slides and engages with the recess 17, the connecting plate 11 moves to the fixing groove 15. The spring 13 generates a spring force on the connecting plate 11, pushing it towards the fixing groove 15, thus fixing the position of the arc-shaped plates 7. The arc-shaped plates 7 move... During the process, multiple arc-shaped plates 7 squeeze and push the inner wall of the waterproof membrane 9, causing it to move along the axis of the sealing pipe 5. The waterproof membrane 9 stretches and pushes the sealing ring 10 to move. The outer wall of the sealing ring 10 abuts against the inner wall of the gap 6, thus "sealing" the gap 6 through the waterproof membrane 9 and the sealing ring 10. This reduces or prevents water from the upper water-tight layer 22 from transferring downwards and mixing into the confined aquifer 3. During the subsequent downward movement of the observation pipe 19 and the piercing head 16, the piercing head 16 penetrates the upper water-tight layer 2 and passes through the confined aquifer 3, eventually ending up in the lower water-tight layer 23. At this point, the permeable pipe 20 penetrates the confined aquifer 3. The water source in section 3 enters the permeable pipe 20 through the seepage hole 21. Staff can use professional measuring equipment to observe the water level in the permeable pipe 20 through the observation tube 19. During the process of the piercing head 16 penetrating the upper water-proof layer 2, the length of the part of the observation tube 19 below the permeable pipe 20 is greater than the distance between the bottom end of the upper water-proof layer 2 and the bottom wall of the detection hole 4. Even if there is a gap between the piercing head 16 and the observation tube 19 and the hole drilled by the piercing head 16, the water source in the upper water-proof layer 2 can be prevented from entering the confined aquifer 3 through the water-proof component, which can effectively isolate water and ensure the accuracy of the water source observation data in the confined aquifer 3.
[0033] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A confined aquifer observation device for rock and soil exploration, comprising a rock and soil layer (1), wherein the rock and soil layer (1) includes an upper aquitard (2) and a confined aquifer (3), the upper aquitard (2) communicating with the confined aquifer (3), and a detection hole (4) is provided on the rock and soil layer (1), characterized in that, One end of the probe hole (4) is located in the upper waterproof layer (2), and it also includes: A sealing tube (5) is provided, one end of which is connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection hole (4), and there is a gap (6) between the outer side wall of the sealing tube (5) and the inner side wall of the detection hole (4). A water-proof component is disposed on the sealing pipe (5) and located in the upper water-proof layer (2) to block the water source above the upper water-proof layer (2); The observation component is installed inside the sealing tube (5) and is used to drive the water-blocking component to block the water source above the upper water-blocking layer (2) and penetrate into the confined aquifer (3) to observe the water level in the confined aquifer (3).
2. The confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproofing component includes: Four arc-shaped plates (7), and a through groove (8) is provided on the sealing tube (5). The four arc-shaped plates (7) are slidably connected to the through groove (8) through a connector, and the axes of the four arc-shaped plates (7) coincide. A waterproof membrane (9) is fitted onto the outer walls of the four arc-shaped plates (7). The waterproof membrane (9) is annular and elastic. A sealing ring (10) is fitted onto the outer wall of the waterproof membrane (9).
3. The confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connector includes: The connecting plate (11) has a movable groove (12) that cooperates with the sealing tube (5). The connecting plate (11) is embedded in the movable groove (12) and slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the movable groove (12). Two springs (13) are provided. The top of the arc plate (7) has two mounting holes (14). One end of each spring (13) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the two mounting holes (14), and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting plate (11). The sealing tube (5) is provided with a fixed groove (15) that cooperates with the connecting plate (11), and the fixed groove (15) and the moving groove (12) are connected.
4. A confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The observation components include: The piercing head (16) has a recess (17) at one end of each of the four arc-shaped plates (7), and the four recesses (17) form a perforation (18) that matches the piercing head (16). One end of the piercing head (16) slides in contact with the inner wall of the perforation (18). The bottom end of the observation tube (19) is fixedly connected to the other end of the piercing head (16).
5. A confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The through groove (8) divides the sealing tube (5) into two sections, and the thickness of the arc plate (7), the waterproof membrane (9) and the sealing ring (10) are the same as the thickness of the through groove (8).
6. A confined water observation device for rock and soil exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The observation tube (19) is provided with a permeable pipe (20). The cross-sectional area of the permeable pipe (20) is smaller than that of the observation tube (19). The permeable pipe (20) and the observation tube (19) are connected. The length of the permeable pipe (20) is greater than the thickness of the confined aquifer (3). The permeable pipe (20) is provided with multiple seepage holes (21).