Waveguide transition structure and radar antenna device
By designing a waveguide transition structure that integrates a rectangular waveguide cavity, a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip line, the problem that existing waveguide transition structures cannot meet the requirements for compact arraying is solved, thus achieving a compact radar antenna layout and improved signal transmission efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIAN MILLIMETER AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing waveguide transition structures cannot meet the compact array requirements of complex radar antennas, especially 77GHz millimeter-wave radar antennas.
A waveguide transition structure was designed, including a rectangular waveguide cavity, a dielectric substrate, a microstrip line, a patch antenna, and a ridge waveguide. By setting multiple docking points, it can be integrated with different transition structures to meet different packaging requirements. Ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene materials are used to reduce signal loss, and common-mode noise is suppressed by differential microstrip lines.
It achieves a compact structural design, simplifies the manufacturing process, improves adaptability, meets the array requirements of complex radar antennas, and reduces signal reflection and energy loss.
Smart Images
Figure CN224355433U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of radar antenna technology, and in particular to a waveguide transition structure and a radar antenna device. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, there are two main trends in automotive millimeter-wave radar antennas: microstrip antennas and waveguide antennas. Since waveguide antennas are three-dimensional structures and cannot be directly connected to chip pins, a dedicated waveguide transition structure is needed to connect the waveguide antenna and the chip.
[0003] Common waveguide transition structures can be divided into two categories: planar transition structures and three-dimensional transition structures. Planar transitions include microstrip probe types and ridge fin transitions; three-dimensional transitions include waveguide coaxial probes and E-plane rectangular antenna coupling structures. However, these two types of transition structures cannot meet the requirements for compact array arrangement when facing more complex antenna structures, such as 77GHz millimeter-wave radar antennas. Utility Model Content
[0004] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a waveguide transition structure and a radar antenna device, which aims to solve the problem that existing transition structures cannot meet the requirements of compact array arrangement.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a waveguide transition structure for connecting an antenna and a chip, comprising:
[0006] A rectangular waveguide cavity has two end faces in a first direction. One end face has a plurality of docking parts protruding along the first direction. Each docking part has a waveguide port on one side in the first direction and is used to connect an antenna on the other end face.
[0007] A first transition structure includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip line, and a patch antenna. The dielectric substrate is used to mount the microstrip line and the patch antenna. A portion of the microstrip line is disposed on the dielectric substrate, with one end for electrical connection to a chip and the other end connected to the patch antenna for feeding power to the patch antenna. The patch antenna is disposed on the dielectric substrate and corresponding to the waveguide port, such that the projection of the patch antenna along a first direction lies within the projection range of the waveguide port along the first direction.
[0008] The second transition structure includes a ridge waveguide and a conductive portion. The ridge waveguide is used to correspond to the pin settings on the chip. The conductive portion is set corresponding to the ridge waveguide and is close to the wide side of the mating portion, so that the mating portion is connected to the ridge waveguide.
[0009] In one embodiment, the first transition structure further includes two differential microstrip lines, each of which is disposed between the patch antenna and the microstrip line to connect the patch antenna and the microstrip line.
[0010] In one embodiment, the first transition structure further includes a plurality of support portions, which are spaced apart between the patch antenna and the mating portion to transmit electrical signals in the patch antenna.
[0011] In one embodiment, a mating part is provided on the other end face of the rectangular waveguide cavity, the mating part protruding from the end face to form a stepped surface.
[0012] In one embodiment, two mating parts are provided, and one of the mating parts is superimposed on the other to form two stepped surfaces.
[0013] In one embodiment, the patch antenna is rectangular in shape, with a length dimension A and a width dimension B, satisfying: 1.9mm≤A≤2.2mm, 1mm≤B≤1.2mm.
[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness direction of the conductive part is a first direction, the length direction of the conductive part is C, the width direction of the conductive part is D, and the thickness direction of the conductive part is E, satisfying: 2.5mm≤C≤2.8mm, 0.6mm≤D≤0.8mm, 0.7mm≤E≤1mm.
[0015] In one embodiment, the material of the dielectric substrate includes ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene.
[0016] In one embodiment, the impedance of the microstrip line is set to 50 ohms.
[0017] This utility model also proposes a radar antenna device, which includes the above-mentioned waveguide transition structure, wherein the waveguide transition structure includes:
[0018] A rectangular waveguide cavity has two end faces in a first direction. One end face has a plurality of docking parts protruding along the first direction. Each docking part has a waveguide port on one side in the first direction and is used to connect an antenna on the other end face.
[0019] A first transition structure includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip line, and a patch antenna. The dielectric substrate is used to mount the microstrip line and the patch antenna. A portion of the microstrip line is disposed on the dielectric substrate, with one end for electrical connection to a chip and the other end connected to the patch antenna for feeding power to the patch antenna. The patch antenna is disposed on the dielectric substrate and corresponding to the waveguide port, such that the projection of the patch antenna along a first direction lies within the projection range of the waveguide port along the first direction.
[0020] The second transition structure includes a ridge waveguide and a conductive portion. The ridge waveguide is used to correspond to the pin settings on the chip. The conductive portion is set corresponding to the ridge waveguide and is close to the wide side of the mating portion, so that the mating portion is connected to the ridge waveguide.
[0021] The technical solution of this utility model, by setting the first transition structure, which includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip line, and a patch antenna, satisfies the transition requirements from microstrip line to waveguide cavity under BGA packaging. By setting the second transition structure, which includes a ridge waveguide and a conductive part, it satisfies the transition requirements of metal waveguide under LOP packaging. By setting the rectangular waveguide cavity and setting multiple docking parts to dock with the first and second transition structures respectively, multiple transition structures are integrated together, resulting in a compact structure, simple processing, and stronger adaptability, thereby meeting the array requirements of complex radar antennas. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the waveguide transition structure provided by this utility model;
[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first transition structure in the middle;
[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the first transition structure in the middle;
[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the docking section corresponding to the first transition structure;
[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the second transition structure in the middle;
[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A top view of the second transition structure;
[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the second transition structure and the docking section;
[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 1 S-curve parameter diagram of the intermediate waveguide transition structure.
[0031] Explanation of icon numbers:
[0032] 100. Waveguide transition structure; 1. Rectangular waveguide cavity; 11. End face; 12. Docking part; 13. Waveguide port; 14. Fitting part; 2. First transition structure; 21. Dielectric substrate; 22. Microstrip line; 23. Patch antenna; 24. Differential microstrip line; 25. Support part; 3. Second transition structure; 31. Conducting part.
[0033] 200. Chip.
[0034] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0035] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0036] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0037] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0038] Currently, there are two main trends in automotive millimeter-wave radar antennas: microstrip antennas and waveguide antennas. Since waveguide antennas are three-dimensional structures and cannot be directly connected to chip pins, a dedicated waveguide transition structure is needed to connect the waveguide antenna and the chip.
[0039] Common waveguide transition structures can be divided into two categories: planar transition structures and three-dimensional transition structures. Planar transitions include microstrip probe types and ridge fin transitions; three-dimensional transitions include waveguide coaxial probes and E-plane rectangular antenna coupling structures. However, these two types of transition structures cannot meet the requirements for compact array arrangement when facing more complex antenna structures, such as 77GHz millimeter-wave radar antennas.
[0040] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a waveguide transition structure and a radar antenna device, which aims to solve the problem that existing transition structures cannot meet the requirements of compact array arrangement.
[0041] To achieve the above objectives, please refer to Figure 1 , 5 In addition to section 6, this utility model proposes a waveguide transition structure 100 for connecting an antenna and a chip 200. It includes a rectangular waveguide cavity 1, a first transition structure 2, and a second transition structure 3. The rectangular waveguide cavity 1 has two end faces 11 in a first direction. One end face 11 has a plurality of mating portions 12 protruding along the first direction. Each mating portion 12 has a waveguide port 13 on one side in the first direction, and the other end face 11 is used to connect an antenna. The first transition structure 2 includes a dielectric substrate 21, a microstrip line 22, and a patch antenna 23. The dielectric substrate 21 is used to mount the microstrip line 22 and the patch antenna 23. A portion of the microstrip line 22 is disposed on the... The dielectric substrate 21 has one end for electrical connection to the chip 200 and the other end connected to a patch antenna 23 for feeding power to the patch antenna 23. The patch antenna 23 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 21 and is positioned corresponding to the waveguide port 13, such that the projection of the patch antenna 23 along a first direction is within the projection range of the waveguide port 13 along the first direction. The second transition structure 3 includes a ridge waveguide and a conductive portion 31. The ridge waveguide is positioned corresponding to the pins on the chip 200, and the conductive portion 31 is positioned corresponding to the ridge waveguide and is close to the wide side of the mating portion 12, so that the waveguide port 13 corresponds to the pins on the chip 200. This allows the mating portion 12 to be connected to the ridge waveguide.
[0042] The technical solution of this utility model, by setting the first transition structure 2, which includes a dielectric substrate 21, a microstrip line 22, and a patch antenna 23, satisfies the transition requirements from the microstrip line 22 to the waveguide cavity under BGA packaging. By setting the second transition structure 3, which includes a ridge waveguide and a conductive part 31, it satisfies the transition requirements of the metal waveguide under LOP packaging. By setting the rectangular waveguide cavity 1 and setting multiple docking parts 12 to dock with the first transition structure 2 and the second transition structure 3 respectively, multiple transition structures are integrated together, resulting in a compact structure, simple processing, and stronger adaptability, thereby meeting the array requirements of complex radar antennas.
[0043] It should be noted that at least one first transition structure 2 and one second transition structure 3 are provided in this scheme, and each first transition structure 2 or second transition structure 3 corresponds to one docking part 12. By reasonably allocating the number of first transition structures 2 and second transition structures 3, the array requirements of different antenna structures can be met.
[0044] It is understood that the ridge waveguide includes single-ridge waveguides and double-ridge waveguides, and the number of the conducting parts 31 is adjusted accordingly based on the number of ridge structures.
[0045] It is worth mentioning that the microstrip line 22 and the rectangular waveguide cavity 1 can be flexibly arranged in the form of "L", "S" or "U" to meet the requirements of any MIMO antenna layout.
[0046] Further, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The first transition structure 2 further includes two differential microstrip lines 24, each of which is disposed between the patch antenna 23 and the microstrip line 22 to connect the patch antenna 23 and the microstrip line 22. This configuration allows the differential microstrip lines 24 to introduce differential signals, thereby effectively suppressing common-mode noise and reducing adverse effects such as signal reflection and crosstalk.
[0047] Furthermore, the first transition structure 2 also includes a plurality of support portions 25, which are spaced apart between the patch antenna 23 and the mating portion 12 to transmit electrical signals in the patch antenna 23. Specifically, the support portions 25 are configured as metal cylinders. By using multiple metal cylinders, the electromagnetic field coupling efficiency is effectively improved, allowing electromagnetic energy to be transferred more efficiently from the chip 200 to the waveguide, reducing energy loss. This also makes the connection between the waveguide cavity and the plane where the patch antenna 23 is located tighter, reducing the generation of connection gaps due to structural tilt and improving the compactness of the assembly.
[0048] In one embodiment provided by this utility model, please refer to Figure 7 A mating part 14 is provided on the other end face 11 of the rectangular waveguide cavity 1. The mating part 14 protrudes from the end face 11 to form a stepped surface.
[0049] Further, please refer to Figure 4 The mating part 14 is provided in two parts, and one of the mating parts 14 is superimposed on the other to form two stepped surfaces.
[0050] To improve the compactness of this structure, the patch antenna 23 is rectangular in shape. The length dimension of the patch antenna 23 is A, and the width dimension of the patch antenna 23 is B, satisfying: 1.9mm≤A≤2.2mm, 1mm≤B≤1.2mm.
[0051] To further improve compactness, the thickness direction of the conductive part 31 is the first direction, the length direction of the conductive part 31 is C, the width direction of the conductive part 31 is D, and the thickness direction of the conductive part 31 is E, satisfying: 2.5mm≤C≤2.8mm, 0.6mm≤D≤0.8mm, 0.7mm≤E≤1mm.
[0052] Optionally, the dielectric substrate material is a ceramic-filled PTFE composite material, which has extremely low loss and good chemical stability, ensuring that the microstrip line 22 provides low signal loss at high frequencies, thereby improving signal integrity.
[0053] In one embodiment of this invention, the impedance of the microstrip line 22 is set to 50 ohms. 50 ohms is a widely accepted standard impedance used in radio frequency and microwave systems. Using this standard for the microstrip line 22 ensures compatibility between different components and modules, facilitating integration and interconnection. It also minimizes signal reflection, thereby reducing energy loss and improving transmission efficiency. Furthermore, 50-ohm microstrip lines are widely applicable, low-cost, and readily available.
[0054] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the S-curve parameters of the waveguide transition structure 100 in this embodiment. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents loss (dB). The graph shows that the transition structure in this embodiment has a bandwidth frequency range of 72-86 GHz with a return loss of less than or equal to -15 dB, which is much larger than the 76-81 GHz range of typical automotive radars. This indicates that the signal has a very wide operating bandwidth and strong adaptability.
[0055] This utility model also proposes a radar antenna device, which includes the waveguide transition structure 100 described above. Since the radar antenna device includes the waveguide transition structure 100, the specific structure of which is described in the above embodiments is as described above. As the waveguide transition structure 100 of this radar antenna device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
[0056] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present utility model and the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A waveguide transition structure for connecting an antenna and a chip, characterized in that, include: A rectangular waveguide cavity has two end faces in a first direction. One end face has a plurality of docking parts protruding along the first direction. Each docking part has a waveguide port on one side in the first direction and is used to connect an antenna on the other end face. The first transition structure includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip line, and a patch antenna. The dielectric substrate is used to mount the microstrip line and the patch antenna. The microstrip line is partially disposed on the dielectric substrate, with one end for electrical connection to a chip and the other end connected to the patch antenna for feeding power to the patch antenna. The patch antenna is disposed on the dielectric substrate and is positioned corresponding to the waveguide port, such that the projection of the patch antenna along the first direction is located within the projection range of the waveguide port along the first direction. as well as, The second transition structure includes a ridge waveguide and a conductive portion. The ridge waveguide is used to correspond to the pin settings on the chip. The conductive portion is set corresponding to the ridge waveguide and is close to the wide side of the mating portion, so that the mating portion is connected to the ridge waveguide.
2. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first transition structure further includes two differential microstrip lines, each of which is disposed between the patch antenna and the microstrip line to connect the patch antenna and the microstrip line.
3. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first transition structure further includes a plurality of support portions, which are spaced apart between the patch antenna and the docking portion to transmit electrical signals in the patch antenna.
4. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A mating part is provided on the other end face of the rectangular waveguide cavity. The mating part protrudes from the end face to form a stepped surface.
5. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The mating parts are provided in two parts, and one of the mating parts is superimposed on the other to form two stepped surfaces.
6. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The patch antenna is rectangular in shape, with a length dimension A and a width dimension B, satisfying: 1.9mm≤A≤2.2mm, 1mm≤B≤1.2mm.
7. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness direction of the conductive part is the first direction, the length direction of the conductive part is C, the width direction of the conductive part is D, and the thickness direction of the conductive part is E, satisfying: 2.5mm≤C≤2.8mm, 0.6mm≤D≤0.8mm, 0.7mm≤E≤1mm.
8. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate is made of ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene.
9. The waveguide transition structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The impedance of the microstrip line is set to 50 ohms.
10. A radar antenna device, characterized in that, Includes the waveguide transition structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.