Underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments

Abstract

The utility model relates to underwater laser cutting head technical field, and disclose a kind of underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environment, optimization welding head structure, realized the miniaturization of laser cutting head, make welding head can adapt to more size limited working condition, adopt multiple sealing structure, entire optical path structure is in relatively closed working condition, can effectively improve the waterproof closed protective property of optical path structure, optimization gas path structure, cutting gas passes through air inlet quick twist joint and enters the cavity formed by rear sealing shell and front sealing shell through four light holes and enters the middle groove of homogenization gas ring, again into center optical axis cavity from cutting nozzle, complete the whole flow direction of gas, it is favorable to reduce the pressure difference inside and outside cavity and improve the pressure-bearing capacity of cavity, and the lower surface of protection lens is directly opposite above opening groove, gas is ejected downward through nozzle output by protection lens lower part, such that airflow not only maximumly cool protection lens but also can avoid protection lens suffer from molten slag splashing damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of underwater laser cutting head technology, specifically an underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing number of platforms and structures on the seabed, some of which have reached or are nearing the end of their service life, rapid and safe dismantling presents a significant challenge. Currently, underwater cutting is the primary method for dismantling underwater structures, including oxy-acetylene cutting, mechanical cutting, and laser cutting.

[0003] To improve the working stability of laser cutting heads, existing laser cutting methods mainly achieve underwater cutting by adding a drainage cover to the outside of a conventional laser cutting head. This structure is very bulky, which not only greatly increases the movement resistance during underwater cutting, but also makes it impossible to operate in relatively confined spaces. Therefore, a new underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments, comprising a shell mechanism and an inner core mechanism;

[0006] The sealing mechanism is used for the closed protection of the inner core mechanism. The sealing mechanism includes a rear sealing shell and a front sealing shell. The rear sealing shell and the front sealing shell are assembled and installed on the outside of the inner core mechanism. The upper part of the front sealing shell is connected to and installed with an air inlet quick-connect fitting and a water inlet quick-connect fitting.

[0007] The inner core mechanism is used for underwater welding operations. It includes a QBH fiber optic connector, a QBH locking head, a QBH adjustable base, a collimating lens cavity, a collimating lens, a focusing lens mount, a focusing lens, a main body, a protective lens, a homogenizing gas ring, a focal length extension, and a cutting nozzle. The QBH fiber optic connector is installed on the upper part of the QBH adjustable base via the QBH locking head. The collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens are concentrically installed on the lower part of the QBH adjustable base via the collimating lens cavity, focusing lens mount, and main body. The homogenizing gas ring is installed below the protective lens. The cutting nozzle is installed on the lower part of the main body via the focal length extension.

[0008] Preferably, the front sealing housing is provided with fastening screw holes on both sides, and the rear sealing housing is fastened to the front sealing housing by bolts. The mating side of the rear sealing housing and the front sealing housing is provided with a sealing groove, and a rubber sealing gasket is installed inside the sealing groove. The lower part of the inner cavity of the rear sealing housing and the front sealing housing is provided with a mating surface that mates with the main body.

[0009] Preferably, the front of the aforementioned front sealing housing is provided with a gas inlet, and the quick-connect fitting for the gas inlet is fixedly connected to the gas inlet. The front of the front sealing housing is provided with a pair of water inlets and outlets, and the two sets of quick-connect fittings for the water inlets and outlets are fixedly connected to the two sets of water inlets and outlets respectively. The connector cavities of the two sets of quick-connect fittings for the water inlets and outlets are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet lines installed on both sides of the upper part of the QBH optical fiber connector.

[0010] Preferably, the QBH fiber optic connector is installed on the upper part of the QBH lock head, and fiber optic interfaces are provided in pairs on both sides of the upper part of the QBH fiber optic connector. The QBH fiber optic connector is connected to the fiber optic output end of an external laser through the fiber optic interfaces.

[0011] Preferably, the lower part of the QBH adjustable base is provided with a base, and the upper part of the base is provided with a guide and an adjusting ring. The guide is driven to move up and down on the upper part of the base through the adjusting ring. The QBH lock head is fastened to the upper part of the guide by bolts. The adjusting ring and the mounting side of the base are provided with a pressure ring.

[0012] Preferably, the lower part of the base is provided with an internal hexagon screw, and the collimating lens cavity is fixedly installed on the lower part of the base by the internal hexagon screw. The collimating lens is installed on the inner side of the collimating lens cavity with the flat surface facing upward and the convex surface facing downward. The upper part of the main base is provided with a mounting screw hole, and the lower part of the collimating lens cavity is fixedly installed to the upper part of the main base by bolts. The upper part of the main base is provided with an annular groove.

[0013] Preferably, the main body has a mounting cavity in the upper middle part, the focusing lens mount is installed inside the mounting cavity, the screw hole on the inner side of the mounting cavity is threaded with a top-aligning device, and after installation, the end of the top-aligning device abuts against the plane on the outer periphery of the focusing lens mount. The focusing lens mount has a mounting groove in the upper middle part, the focusing lens is installed inside the mounting groove, and the focusing lens mount has a sealing ring groove in the upper part.

[0014] Preferably, the main substrate has four optical holes in its radial center, four transverse threaded holes in its radial lower part, four vertical threaded holes in the corresponding position on the lower end face of the main substrate, a gas ring mounting groove in the center of the bottom side of the main substrate, the inner lugs of the transverse threaded holes communicating with the gas ring mounting groove, a lens mounting groove in the upper part of the gas ring mounting groove, a protective lens mounted inside the lens mounting groove, and an O-groove in the center of the main substrate.

[0015] Preferably, the homogenizing gas ring is installed inside the gas ring mounting groove, the middle of the homogenizing gas ring is provided with a central groove, the upper part of the central groove is uniformly circumferentially provided with an opening groove, and the lower circumferential side of the homogenizing gas ring is provided with an annular groove.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end seat of the aforementioned focal length extension is provided with screw holes, the upper part of the focal length extension is fixedly installed to the lower part of the main body by screw fastening, the upper end seat side of the focal length extension is provided with positioning holes, the middle part of the upper end seat of the focal length extension is provided with sealing mounting groove, and the cutting nozzle is connected to the lower part of the focal length extension.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following technical effects:

[0018] 1. The welding head structure has been optimized. Through the design of the optical path system and structure, the length of the laser head without the sealing structure is about 246mm, and the total length including the fiber end seal is 365mm, which is much smaller than the size of conventional cutting heads on the market. This has achieved the miniaturization of the laser cutting head, enabling the welding head to adapt to more size-constrained working conditions and providing better applicability and operational flexibility.

[0019] 2. A multi-layered sealing structure is adopted to structurally seal the optical path structure of the welding head. The entire optical path structure is in a relatively closed working state, which can effectively improve the waterproof sealing and protection of the optical path structure and ensure that the equipment can work stably underwater for a long time.

[0020] 3. Optimize the gas path structure. The cutting gas enters the cavity formed by the rear and front sealing shells through the quick-connect inlet. It then enters the middle groove of the homogenizing gas ring through four optical holes, and finally enters the central optical axis cavity before being ejected from the cutting nozzle, completing the entire gas flow. This airflow not only optimizes the function of the gas flow assisting the cutting gas, but also maintains a certain pressure in the sealed cavity, which helps to reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity and improve the pressure resistance of the cavity. The gas flow also plays a role in heat dissipation of the inner cavity, which is beneficial to improving long-term processing stability. Furthermore, the opening groove is directly above the lower surface of the protective lens. During the process, the gas is ejected downwards through the lower part of the protective lens and output through the nozzle. This airflow not only maximizes the cooling of the protective lens, but also prevents the protective lens from being damaged by molten slag splashes. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall central cross-sectional structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front and rear cover installation structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall installation of the inner core mechanism of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall mid-section structure of the inner core mechanism of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the QBH adjustable base installation structure of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the QBH adjustable base of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the focusing lens mount of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main body of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the main body of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the homogenized gas ring of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the focal length extension component of this utility model.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Rear sealing housing; 2. Front sealing housing; 201. Sealing groove; 202. Mating surface; 203. Fastening screw hole; 3. Air inlet quick-connect fitting; 4. Water inlet / outlet quick-connect fitting; 5. QBH fiber optic connector; 6. QBH lock head; 7. QBH adjustable base; 701. Guide component; 702. Adjusting ring; 703. Base; 704. Pressure ring; 8. Collimating lens cavity; 9. Collimating lens; 10. Focusing lens mount; 101. Sealing ring groove; 102. Mounting groove; 103. Planar position; 11. Focusing lens; 12. Main... 121. Mounting screw hole; 122. Circular groove; 123. Mounting cavity; 124. Optical hole; 125. O-ring; 126. Horizontal threaded hole; 127. Vertical threaded hole; 128. Gas ring mounting groove; 129. Lens mounting groove; 13. Protective lens; 14. Homogenizing gas ring; 141. Circular groove; 142. Intermediate groove; 143. Opening groove; 15. Focal length extension; 151. Screw hole; 152. Sealing mounting groove; 153. Positioning hole; 16. Cutting nozzle; 17. Socket head screw; 18. Top alignment screw. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0036] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application, provided that they do not affect the effects and purposes that this application can produce.

[0037] Example

[0038] Please see Figure 1-12This utility model provides a technical solution: an underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments, comprising a shell mechanism and an inner core mechanism, specifically:

[0039] The sealing mechanism is used for the enclosure and protection of the inner core mechanism. The sealing mechanism includes a rear sealing housing 1 and a front sealing housing 2. The rear sealing housing 1 and the front sealing housing 2 are assembled and installed externally to shield the inner core mechanism. Specifically, see attached... Figure 3 As shown, to facilitate the docking and installation of the rear sealing housing 1 and the front sealing housing 2, fastening screw holes 203 are provided on both sides of the front sealing housing 2. The rear sealing housing 1 and the front sealing housing 2 are fastened and installed together by bolts to form an integrated housing protection structure. In order to improve the sealing performance of the housing installation side, a sealing groove 201 is provided on the joint side of the rear sealing housing 1 and the front sealing housing 2. A rubber sealing gasket is installed inside the sealing groove 201. In order to facilitate the installation with the inner core mechanism, a mating surface 202 for mating and installation with the main base 12 is provided in the lower part of the inner cavity of the rear sealing housing 1 and the front sealing housing 2.

[0040] For convenient gas supply connection, see attached Figure 3 As shown, a gas inlet is provided on the front of the front sealing housing 2. A quick-connect fitting 3 is fixedly connected to the gas inlet. The quick-connect fitting 3 is made of 316 stainless steel with a pipe diameter of 10mm. To facilitate optical path connection, inlet and outlet water ports are provided in pairs on the front of the front sealing housing 2, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the two sets of quick-connect fittings 4 are fixedly connected to the two sets of inlet and outlet water ports respectively. The fitting cavities of the two sets of quick-connect fittings 4 are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet lines installed on both sides of the upper part of the QBH fiber optic connector 5. In order to avoid internal connection, the quick-connect fittings 4 are made of 316 stainless steel with a pipe diameter of 6mm. The diameter is changed from 12mm to 6mm outside the cavity to avoid low water pressure in long pipelines.

[0041] The inner core mechanism is installed inside the enclosure mechanism for underwater welding. The inner core mechanism includes a QBH fiber optic connector 5, a QBH locking head 6, a QBH adjustable base 7, a collimating lens cavity 8, a collimating lens 9, a focusing lens mount 10, a focusing lens 11, a main substrate 12, a protective lens 13, a homogenizing gas ring 14, a focal length extension component 15, and a cutting nozzle 16. Specifically, a Chuangxin brand 3000W continuous fiber laser is selected as the light source, with a fiber core diameter of 50µm and a divergence half-angle of 0.1rad. Considering minimizing the axial dimension of the cutting head and minimizing the power density borne by the lens, a collimating focal length FC = 60mm and a focusing focal length F = 125mm are selected. The collimating lens 9 and the focusing lens 11 have a diameter of 25mm, are made of Corning 7980, and have a spot diameter of [missing information]. After focusing, the focal diameter Considering that the pressure-bearing protective lens 13 is made of Corning 7980 with a diameter of 25mm and a thickness of 6mm, the distance between the output focus of the laser fiber QBH and the collimating lens 9 can be adjusted by the fine-tuning structure on the QBH adjustable base (7). By adjusting the distance, the position of the focus relative to the cutting nozzle 16 can be adjusted, that is, the positive and negative defocus and the defocus amount. Taking into account the gas consumption, external water pressure, optical path and process feasibility during processing, the diameter of the cutting nozzle 16 is designed to be [diameter missing]. Three specifications are available, with an optimized welding head structure. Through optical path system and structural design, the length of the laser head without the sealing structure is about 246mm, and the total length including the fiber end seal is 365mm, which is much smaller than the size of conventional cutting heads on the market. This achieves the miniaturization of the laser cutting head, enabling the welding head to adapt to more size-constrained working conditions, and has better applicability to working scenarios and operational flexibility.

[0042] The QBH fiber optic connector 5 is installed on the upper part of the QBH adjustable base 7 via the QBH locking head 6, as detailed in the attached document. Figure 6 As shown, the QBH fiber optic connector 5 is installed on the upper part of the QBH lock head 6. Fiber optic interfaces are paired on both sides of the upper part of the QBH fiber optic connector 5. The QBH fiber optic connector 5 is connected to the fiber optic output end of an external laser through the fiber optic interfaces. A base 703 is provided at the lower part of the QBH adjustable base 7. A guide 701 and an adjusting ring 702 are provided at the upper part of the base 703. The guide 701 is driven to move up and down on the upper part of the base 703 by the adjusting ring 702. The QBH lock head 6 is fastened to the upper part of the guide 701 by bolts. Specifically, the QBH lock head 6 and the guide 701 on the QBH adjustable base 7 are connected by three bolts on the guide 701. The guide 701 and base 703 are tightly connected by clamping screws, allowing the guide 701 to move up and down on the base 703. The pressure ring 704 is threaded to the base 703, and high-strength threadlocker is applied during connection to fix the pressure ring 704 on the base 703. A certain gap is left between the pressure ring 704 and the adjusting ring 702 to allow the adjusting ring 702 to rotate freely 360 degrees, facilitating the free adjustment of the guide 701's up and down movement, thereby driving the QBH fiber optic connector 5 to move up and down. Three clamping screws are designed around the base 703. After adjustment, the adjustment structure is fixed by tightening the three clamping screws. The QBH adjustable base 7 can be adjusted by ±4mm. By adjusting the axial position of the QBH locking head 6, the position between the QBH fiber optic connector 5 and the collimating lens 9 is adjusted, thereby achieving focus adjustment.

[0043] Collimating lens 9, focusing lens 11, and protective lens 13 are concentrically mounted on the lower part of the QBH adjustable base 7 via collimating lens cavity 8, focusing lens mount 10, and main base 12. A multi-layer sealing structure is employed to structurally seal the optical path of the welding head, ensuring the entire optical path is in a relatively enclosed working state. This effectively improves the waterproof and protective properties of the optical path, guaranteeing long-term stable underwater operation of the equipment. See attached details. Figure 4 As shown, to facilitate the docking and installation with the collimator cavity 8, an internal hexagon screw 17 is provided at the lower part of the base 703. The collimator cavity 8 is fixedly installed at the lower part of the base 703 by the internal hexagon screw 17, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, the collimating lens 9 is mounted inside the collimating lens cavity 8 with its flat surface facing upwards and its convex surface facing downwards, as indicated in the attached diagram. Figure 9 As shown, for easy docking and installation, a mounting screw hole 121 is provided on the upper part of the main base 12. The lower part of the collimating lens cavity 8 is fixedly installed to the upper part of the main base 12 by bolts. The upper part of the main base 12 is provided with an annular groove 122, which can ensure a seal on the contact surface by cooperating with an O-ring. For connecting and installing the focusing lens mount 10, a mounting groove 123 is provided in the middle of the upper side of the main base 12. The focusing lens mount 10 is installed inside the mounting groove 123. For easy adjustment and installation positioning, as shown in the attached figure... Figure 9 As shown, a top-mounting device 18 is threaded into the screw hole on the inner side of the mounting cavity 123. After installation, the end of the top-mounting device 18 abuts against the plane position 103 on the outer periphery of the focusing lens mount 10. The top-mounting device 18 corresponds to the plane position 103 of the focusing lens mount 10. Because the outer diameter of the focusing lens mount 10 is smaller than the size of the mounting cavity 123 on the main body 12, there is a certain design gap around the focusing lens mount 10. Thus, by loosening one top-mounting device 18 and locking it in a 180-degree direction, the focusing lens mount 10 can be secured. The relative position of the focusing lens mount 10 in the mounting cavity 123 on the main body 12 is adjusted. By observing the relative position of the indicator light emitted from the laser at the output hole of the cutting nozzle 16, the relative position of the focusing lens mount 10 in the mounting cavity 123 on the main body 12 is continuously adjusted so that the indicator light is output at the center of the cutting nozzle 16. In order to ensure that the focusing lens mount 10 can be freely adjusted without twisting, a sealing ring groove 101 is designed on the upper end face of the focusing lens mount 10 to avoid instability caused by factors such as inability to adjust or gaps between the upper and lower parts of the mounting.

[0044] For easy connection and installation of the focusing lens 11, see attached... Figure 8As shown, a mounting groove 102 is provided in the middle of the top side of the focusing lens mount 10, and the focusing lens 11 is installed inside the mounting groove 102. In order to facilitate gas communication, four optical holes 124 are provided in the radial center of the main body 12, and four transverse threaded holes 126 are provided in the radial lower part of the main body 12. Four vertical threaded holes 127 are provided at the corresponding positions on the lower end face of the main body 12. The transverse threaded holes 126 and the vertical threaded holes 127 are respectively sealed with four 316 stainless steel tapes with high-strength sealant. This forms a channel from the four optical holes 124 into the internal central optical axis, through which auxiliary gas can be provided for laser cutting.

[0045] To facilitate the connection and installation of the homogenizing gas ring 14, see attached... Figure 10 As shown, a gas ring mounting groove 128 is provided in the middle of the bottom side of the main body 12. The inner hole side lug of the transverse threaded hole 126 is connected to the gas ring mounting groove 128. A lens mounting groove 129 is provided in the upper part of the gas ring mounting groove 128. The protective lens 13 is installed in the inner side of the lens mounting groove 129. The homogenizing gas ring 14 is installed in the lower part of the protective lens 13. Specifically, the homogenizing gas ring 14 is installed in the inner side of the gas ring mounting groove 128, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 11 As shown, to facilitate gas flow, a central groove 142 is provided in the middle of the homogenizing gas ring 14. The upper part of the central groove 142 has a uniformly circumferentially perforated opening groove 143, optimizing the gas path structure. The cutting gas enters the cavity formed by the rear sealing shell 1 and the front sealing shell 2 through the quick-connect fitting 3, passes through four light holes 124 into the central groove 142 of the homogenizing gas ring 14, and then enters the central optical axis cavity before exiting from the cutting nozzle 16, completing the entire gas flow. This not only optimizes the airflow and assists the cutting gas, but also ensures a constant pressure within the sealed cavity, which helps reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity. The high pressure-bearing capacity of the cavity also plays a role in heat dissipation of the inner cavity by gas flow, which is beneficial to improving long-term processing stability. Furthermore, the opening slot 143 is directly above the lower surface of the protective lens 13. During the process, the gas is ejected downwards through the lower part of the protective lens 13 and output through the nozzle. This airflow not only maximizes the cooling of the protective lens 13 but also prevents the protective lens 13 from being damaged by molten slag splashes. To improve the side sealing of the homogenizing gas ring 14, an annular groove 141 is provided on the lower circumference of the homogenizing gas ring 14. A sealing ring is installed inside the annular groove 141. To improve the sealing of the main substrate 12, as shown in the attached... Figure 9 As shown, an O-groove 125 is provided in the middle of the main body 12, and an O-ring is installed inside the O-groove 125.

[0046] The cutting nozzle 16 is mounted to the lower part of the main body 12 via the focal length extension 15. Specifically, considering the corrosiveness and pressure of the working conditions, the rear sealing housing 1, the front sealing housing 2, the air inlet quick-connect fitting 3, the water inlet / outlet quick-connect fitting 4, the main body 12, and the focal length extension 15 are preferably made of 316 stainless steel, and the cutting nozzle 16 is preferably made of chromium-copper alloy. Figure 12 As shown, for easy installation, screw holes 151 are provided on the upper end seat of the focal length extension 15. The upper part of the focal length extension 15 is fixedly installed to the lower part of the main body 12 by screws. Positioning holes 153 are provided on the upper end seat side of the focal length extension 15. Through the two positioning holes 153 and the two screw holes 151 for auxiliary disassembly, when the protective lens 13 needs to be replaced, the focal length extension 15 can be disassembled to replace the protective lens 13 without the need for overall disassembly and assembly, which can save a lot of time. In order to improve the installation sealing, a sealing installation groove 152 is provided in the middle of the upper end seat of the focal length extension 15. The cutting nozzle 16 is connected to the lower part of the focal length extension 15.

[0047] Working principle or structural principle: During operation, the laser emitted by the laser is transmitted through optical fiber. The optical fiber output terminal is connected to the QBH lock head 6 on the laser head through QBH optical fiber connector 5. The laser output from the end of QBH optical fiber connector 5 is collimated by collimating lens 9, and then focused by focusing lens 11. Finally, it converges to the outlet of cutting nozzle 16 to form a laser beam with very high energy density. Then, with the assistance of gas, the metal structure is cut. The entire processing head is connected to the outside only through cutting nozzle 16 from optical fiber output to cutting outlet. The working seal of the opening side of cutting nozzle 16 can be achieved by blowing cutting gas in cutting nozzle 16.

[0048] For the gas path structure, during operation, the cutting gas enters the cavity formed by the rear sealing shell 1 and the front sealing shell 2 through the quick-connect fitting 3, then enters the middle groove 142 of the homogenizing gas ring 14 through the four optical holes 124, and then enters the central optical axis cavity and is ejected from the cutting nozzle 16, completing the entire flow direction of the gas. In this way, the airflow not only optimizes the role of the airflow in assisting the cutting gas, but also keeps a certain pressure in the sealed cavity, which helps to reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity and improve the pressure bearing capacity of the cavity. The gas flow also plays a certain role in the heat dissipation of the inner cavity, which is conducive to improving the long-term processing stability of the equipment. Furthermore, at the homogenizing gas ring 14, the opening groove 143 of the homogenizing gas ring 14 is directly above the lower surface of the protective lens 13. During the process, the gas is ejected downward through the lower part of the protective lens 13 and output through the nozzle. In this way, the airflow not only cools the protective lens 13 to the maximum extent, but also avoids the protective lens 13 from being damaged by molten slag splash.

[0049] In summary, by optimizing the welding head structure and through the optical path system and structural design, the laser head, excluding the sealing structure, is approximately 246mm long, and the total length including the fiber end seal is 365mm, far smaller than the size of conventional cutting heads on the market. This achieves miniaturization of the laser cutting head, enabling it to adapt to more size-constrained working conditions. It has better applicability to various working scenarios and operational flexibility. The multi-seal structure provides structural sealing for the optical path, keeping the entire optical path in a relatively enclosed working state. This effectively improves the waterproof and protective properties of the optical path, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment underwater. The optimized gas path structure allows the cutting gas to enter through the quick-connect fitting 3, which connects the rear sealing shell 1 and the front seal. The cavity formed by the shell 2 enters the middle groove 142 of the homogenizing gas ring 14 through four light holes 124, and then enters the central optical axis cavity and is ejected from the cutting nozzle 16 to complete the entire flow of gas. In this way, the airflow not only optimizes the role of the airflow in assisting the cutting gas, but also keeps a certain pressure in the sealed cavity, which helps to reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity and improve the pressure bearing capacity of the cavity. The gas flow also plays a certain role in the heat dissipation of the inner cavity, which is conducive to improving the long-term processing stability. Furthermore, the opening groove 143 is directly above the lower surface of the protective lens 13. During the process, the gas is ejected downward through the lower part of the protective lens 13 and output through the nozzle. In this way, the airflow not only cools the protective lens 13 to the maximum extent, but also avoids the protective lens 13 from being damaged by molten slag splash.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this utility model can be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in this utility model. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this utility model can be combined or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this utility model. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments, comprising a shell mechanism and an inner core mechanism, characterized in that: The sealing mechanism is used for the closed protection of the inner core mechanism. The sealing mechanism includes a rear sealing shell (1) and a front sealing shell (2). The rear sealing shell (1) and the front sealing shell (2) are assembled and installed on the outside of the inner core mechanism. The upper part of the front sealing shell (2) is connected to the quick-connect fitting for air inlet (3) and quick-connect fitting for water inlet and outlet (4). The inner core mechanism is used for underwater welding operations. The inner core mechanism includes a QBH fiber optic connector (5), a QBH locking head (6), a QBH adjustable base (7), a collimating mirror cavity (8), a collimating lens (9), a focusing lens mount (10), a focusing lens (11), a main substrate (12), a protective lens (13), a homogenizing gas ring (14), a focal length extender (15), and a cutting nozzle (16). The QBH fiber optic connector (5) is connected via the QBH locking head (6). The collimating lens (9), focusing lens (11), and protective lens (13) are installed on the upper part of the QBH adjustable base (7) in a concentric manner through the collimating lens cavity (8), focusing lens mount (10), and main body (12). The homogenizing gas ring (14) is installed on the lower part of the protective lens (13). The cutting nozzle (16) is installed on the lower part of the main body (12) through the focal length extension (15).

2. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the front sealing housing (2) are provided with fastening screw holes (203). The rear sealing housing (1) and the front sealing housing (2) are fastened together by bolts. The joint side of the rear sealing housing (1) and the front sealing housing (2) is provided with a sealing groove (201). A rubber sealing gasket is installed inside the sealing groove (201). The lower part of the inner cavity of the rear sealing housing (1) and the front sealing housing (2) are provided with a mating surface (202) that is fitted to the main base (12).

3. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front sealing housing (2) is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlet quick-connect fitting (3) is fixedly connected to the gas inlet. The front sealing housing (2) is provided with a pair of water inlets and outlets. The two sets of water inlet and outlet quick-connect fittings (4) are fixedly connected to the two sets of water inlets and outlets respectively. The connector cavities of the two sets of water inlet and outlet quick-connect fittings (4) are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet lines installed on both sides of the upper part of the QBH fiber optic connector (5).

4. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The QBH fiber optic connector (5) is installed on the upper part of the QBH lock head (6). The upper two sides of the QBH fiber optic connector (5) are provided with fiber optic interfaces. The QBH fiber optic connector (5) is connected to the fiber optic output end of an external laser through the fiber optic interface.

5. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower part of the QBH adjustable base (7) is provided with a base (703), and the upper part of the base (703) is provided with a guide (701) and an adjusting ring (702). The guide (701) is driven to move up and down on the upper part of the base (703) by the adjusting ring (702). The QBH lock head (6) is fastened to the upper part of the guide (701) by bolts. The adjusting ring (702) and the mounting side of the base (703) are provided with a pressure ring (704).

6. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower part of the base (703) is provided with an internal hexagon screw (17). The collimating lens cavity (8) is fixedly installed on the lower part of the base (703) by the internal hexagon screw (17). The collimating lens (9) is installed on the inner side of the collimating lens cavity (8) with the plane facing upward and the convex surface facing downward. The upper part of the main base (12) is provided with a mounting screw hole (121). The lower part of the collimating lens cavity (8) is fixedly installed on the upper part of the main base (12) by bolts. The upper part of the main base (12) is provided with a circular groove (122).

7. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main body (12) has an installation groove (123) in the middle of its upper side. The focusing lens mount (10) is installed inside the installation groove (123). The screw hole on the inner side of the installation groove (123) is threaded with a top-aligning device (18). After installation, the end of the top-aligning device (18) abuts against the plane position (103) on the outer periphery of the focusing lens mount (10). The focusing lens mount (10) has an installation groove (102) in the middle of its top side. The focusing lens (11) is installed inside the installation groove (102). The focusing lens mount (10) has a sealing ring groove (101) on its upper part.

8. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main substrate (12) has four light holes (124) in the radial center, four transverse threaded holes (126) in the radial lower part of the main substrate (12), four vertical threaded holes (127) in the corresponding position on the lower end face of the main substrate (12), an air ring mounting groove (128) in the middle of the bottom side of the main substrate (12), the inner hole side lug of the transverse threaded hole (126) is connected to the air ring mounting groove (128), a lens mounting groove (129) in the upper part of the air ring mounting groove (128), the protective lens (13) is installed in the inner side of the lens mounting groove (129), and an O-groove (125) in the middle of the main substrate (12).

9. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 8, characterized in that: The homogenizing gas ring (14) is installed on the inner side of the gas ring mounting groove (128). A central groove (142) is provided in the middle of the homogenizing gas ring (14). An opening groove (143) is uniformly opened in a circular shape at the upper part of the central groove (142). An annular groove (141) is provided on the lower circumference of the homogenizing gas ring (14).

10. The underwater laser cutting head suitable for special environments according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper end seat of the focal length extension (15) is provided with screw holes (151). The upper part of the focal length extension (15) is fixedly installed to the lower part of the main body (12) by screws. The upper end seat of the focal length extension (15) is provided with positioning holes (153). The middle part of the upper end seat of the focal length extension (15) is provided with sealing mounting groove (152). The cutting nozzle (16) is installed in conjunction with the lower part of the focal length extension (15).

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