A battery pack

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the battery field, concretely is a kind of battery pack.Overcome the problem that the local heat of monomer battery pole in existing battery pack is too high, and causes heat runaway.Battery pack, including multiple battery components;Battery component includes battery module and two heat transfer components;Battery module includes multiple monomer batteries;Two heat transfer components are respectively arranged on the total positive terminal and total negative terminal of battery module;In multiple battery components, heat transfer component is sequentially connected in series according to set order;After cooling liquid enters total liquid inlet end, sequentially flow through one heat transfer component of each battery component, then, through loop turning node, sequentially flow through another heat transfer component of each battery component, and flow out from total liquid outlet end.The utility model heat transfer component directly contacts the polarity terminal of monomer battery, and simultaneously based on heat transfer component series structure, realize the efficient balanced heat dissipation of polarity terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of batteries, specifically a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most common battery packs are composed of multiple battery modules connected together electrically.

[0003] Battery pack temperature control has always been a hot topic in this field, and most existing battery packs use air cooling or liquid cooling to control the overall temperature of the battery pack. However, since the terminals of individual cells in the battery pack are the parts where heat is most concentrated, if the local heat of the terminals becomes too high, it is very likely to cause thermal runaway of individual cells in the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery pack that overcomes the problem of excessive local heat at the terminals of individual cells in existing battery packs, which leads to thermal runaway.

[0005] This utility model provides a battery pack, including n battery components arranged along a first direction; the battery components include a battery module and two heat transfer components;

[0006] The battery module includes m individual cells arranged along the second direction; the positive terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on one side, forming the total positive terminal of the battery module; the negative terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on the other side, forming the total negative terminal of the battery module; where n and m are both integers greater than 1; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0007] Two heat transfer components are fixed to the main positive terminal and the main negative terminal of the battery module, respectively.

[0008] In the n battery components, in the outermost battery component along the first direction, the same-side ports of the two heat transfer components serve as the total liquid inlet and the total liquid outlet; in the other outermost battery component along the first direction, the same-side ports of the two components serve as loop turning nodes; in the remaining ports, the heat transfer component ports of different battery components are connected in series in a set order.

[0009] After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one of the heat transfer components of each battery component in sequence, and then through the loop turning point, it flows through the other heat transfer component of each battery component in sequence, and flows out from the main outlet.

[0010] This invention fixes two heat transfer components to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module, respectively. During the charging and discharging process of a single battery, the terminal area will generate a lot of heat due to current conduction. The heat transfer components can quickly remove this heat, improve heat dissipation efficiency, and effectively avoid battery performance degradation due to local overheating.

[0011] Meanwhile, the two heat transfer components of the outermost battery component are connected in series at the same side ports as the main liquid inlet and the main liquid outlet, respectively. The heat transfer components of each intermediate battery component are connected in series in a set order. At the same time, the two heat transfer components of the other outermost battery component are connected in series at the same side ports as the loop turning point. After the coolant enters the main liquid inlet, it flows through one heat transfer component (liquid inlet heat transfer component) in each battery component in sequence. Then, through the loop turning point, it flows through another heat transfer component (liquid outlet heat transfer component) in each battery component in sequence and flows out from the main liquid outlet.

[0012] This series-connected fluid path design allows the coolant to flow sequentially through each battery component, carrying away the heat generated by each component. During the coolant flow, each battery component receives relatively even cooling, avoiding temperature differences caused by insufficient or excessive cooling of some components, and achieving uniform temperature distribution across the entire battery pack.

[0013] Furthermore, the remaining ports mentioned above can be connected in the following two series connection methods:

[0014] First type of series connection:

[0015] On the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet sides, on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components located in the middle adjacent position are connected in series, and the ports of the two heat transfer components located on the outer side are connected in series.

[0016] On the other side (away from the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet), on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components located in the middle are connected in series, and the ports of the two heat transfer components located on the outer side are connected in series.

[0017] The second type of series connection:

[0018] On the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet sides, on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components that are positioned alternately are connected in series.

[0019] On the other side (away from the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet), on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components that are positioned alternately are connected in series.

[0020] The first series connection method has a neat pipe layout with no intersecting pipes, making it easy to assemble. In contrast, the second series connection method has a more complex pipe layout, requires intersecting heat transfer components, and is more difficult to assemble.

[0021] Furthermore, the battery module also includes a housing, with m individual batteries arranged inside the housing, and the internal cavities of each individual battery interconnected.

[0022] The top plate of the casing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell, and the polarity terminals extend out of the corresponding clearance holes; and the area of ​​the clearance holes corresponding to the top plate of the casing is fixedly sealed with the top cover of the individual battery cell.

[0023] The electrolyte and / or gas inside each individual cell are interconnected, so that the electrolyte and / or gas of all individual cells are in the same system, reducing the differences between individual cells and improving the consistency between individual cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery components to a certain extent.

[0024] Furthermore, the aforementioned heat transfer component can be a single-channel heat transfer tube;

[0025] The heat transfer component described above can also be a heat exchange device; at least a portion of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchange device and is in direct contact with the coolant; the other portion of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and serves as an electrical connection.

[0026] Single-channel heat transfer tubes and heat exchange devices each have their own advantages. Single-channel heat transfer tubes have a simple structure, making installation with the polarity terminals of battery modules more convenient; however, their heat exchange efficiency is inferior to that of heat exchange devices. Single-channel heat transfer tubes rely on the tube wall for heat exchange with the polarity terminals, resulting in relatively limited heat exchange area and pathway. In contrast, heat exchange devices allow the polarity terminals to directly contact the coolant, providing a highly efficient heat exchange path and significantly improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0027] Furthermore, when the heat transfer component is a single-channel heat transfer tube, the heat transfer component is an electrical conductor, enabling the parallel connection of multiple individual cells; the heat transfer component ports of different cell components are connected in series sequentially through external connecting pipe sections in a set order; the aforementioned external connecting pipe sections are electrical insulators.

[0028] The aforementioned heat transfer components not only serve as heat dissipation components but also as electrical conductors to enable the parallel connection of multiple individual cells, offering at least the following advantages:

[0029] Firstly, it eliminates the need for additional dedicated conductive connectors, simplifying the overall structural design of the battery component. Secondly, since the heat transfer pipe simultaneously performs heat dissipation and conductivity functions, it reduces the number of components in the battery component, lowering assembly difficulty and cost. Thirdly, as a parallel connector, the heat transfer pipe ensures a more uniform current distribution among multiple individual cells, preventing individual cells from overheating and being damaged due to excessive current.

[0030] Furthermore, each of the m individual cells has a first through slot extending in a first direction on each polarity terminal, and the heat transfer component is installed in the first through slot.

[0031] The through-slot design provides precise positioning for the heat transfer components, reducing the risk of swaying and displacement of the heat transfer components during battery pack operation.

[0032] Furthermore, in order to ensure connection stability and efficient heat conduction and uniform current transmission, the outer wall of the heat transfer component is provided with a stepped structure along the first direction. The horizontal surface of the stepped structure is flush with the end face of the side wall of the first through groove, and a welding connection is made at the joint between the horizontal surface of the stepped structure and the end face of the side wall of the first through groove.

[0033] Furthermore, the aforementioned polarity terminal includes a positive terminal post of a single cell and a terminal post extension fixed thereon;

[0034] The electrode extension includes an electrical connection post and an electrode extension body;

[0035] The electrical connection post is located at the bottom of the electrode extension body and protrudes from the electrode extension body;

[0036] The first through groove is formed on the main body of the electrode extension member; the bottom of the first through groove is provided with a recessed structure that is recessed into the electrical connection post; the bottom of the recessed structure is connected to the electrode post of the single battery cell.

[0037] This utility model provides the aforementioned terminal extension member, which is fixed to the terminal to increase the height of the terminal and serves as the polarity terminal of the battery. Simultaneously, this utility model provides a first through groove on the terminal extension member for mounting a heat transfer component, which is then fixed to the individual battery terminal through the bottom of the recessed structure on the first through groove.

[0038] The heat generated by the battery terminals is first conducted to the terminal extension, which is in close contact with them. Because the terminal extension fits tightly to the terminals, heat can be transferred relatively efficiently from the terminals to the extension. The first through-slot in the terminal extension is used to fix the heat transfer component, ensuring good thermal contact between the heat transfer component and the terminal extension. After heat is conducted to the terminal extension, it is further transferred to the heat transfer component. The heat diffuses rapidly within the heat transfer component and is dissipated through heat exchange between the component and the surrounding environment, thus achieving heat dissipation for the battery.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0040] This invention fixes two heat transfer components to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery module, respectively. During the charging and discharging process of a single battery, the terminal area will generate a lot of heat due to current conduction. The heat transfer components can quickly remove this heat, improve heat dissipation efficiency, and effectively avoid battery performance degradation due to local overheating.

[0041] Meanwhile, the two heat transfer components of the outermost battery component are connected in series at the same side ports as the main liquid inlet and the main liquid outlet, respectively. The heat transfer components of each intermediate battery component are connected in series in a set order. At the same time, the two heat transfer components of the other outermost battery component are connected in series at the same side ports as the loop turning point. After the coolant enters the main liquid inlet, it flows through one heat transfer component (liquid inlet heat transfer component) in each battery component in sequence. Then, through the loop turning point, it flows through another heat transfer component (liquid outlet heat transfer component) in each battery component in sequence and flows out from the main liquid outlet.

[0042] This series-connected fluid path design allows the coolant to flow sequentially through each battery component, carrying away the heat generated by each component. During the coolant flow, each battery component receives relatively even cooling, avoiding temperature differences caused by insufficient or excessive cooling of some components, and achieving uniform temperature distribution across the entire battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack from a first-view perspective in Example 1;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack from a second perspective in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery module in Example 1;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 1;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat transfer tube in Example 1;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat transfer tube in Example 1;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection method of each heat transfer pipe in the battery pack of Example 1;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection method of each heat transfer pipe in the battery pack in some other embodiments;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the battery pack in Example 4;

[0053] Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of the battery pack from a second perspective in Example 4;

[0054] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in Example 4;

[0055] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery module in Example 4;

[0056] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 4.

[0057] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1. Battery module; 11. Single cell; 12. Terminal post; 13. Terminal post extension; 131. Terminal post extension body; 132. Electrical connection post; 133. First through groove; 134. Recessed structure; 135. Side wall end face of the first through groove; 21. Heat transfer component; 23. Stepped structure; 3. Outer shell; 31. Top plate of outer shell; 32. Clearance hole; 4. Electrolyte sharing chamber; 5. Gas sharing chamber; 6. Insulating seal; 61. Pressure ring; 62. Flexible insulating sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0059] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0060] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0061] This utility model discloses a battery pack, which is mainly composed of multiple battery components. Each battery component includes a battery module and two heat transfer components that are fixed on the polarity terminals of each individual battery in the battery module. By optimizing the connection method of the heat transfer components between each battery component, uniform heat dissipation of the polarity terminals of the individual batteries in each battery component in the battery pack can be achieved, avoiding the occurrence of thermal runaway problems caused by excessive local heat at the polarity terminals.

[0062] In traditional designs, heat transfer tubes are typically connected end-to-end in the same direction. As the coolant flows from the main inlet to the main outlet, it continuously heats up, resulting in a lower temperature at the polar terminals of the battery modules near the main inlet and a higher temperature at the main outlet. This temperature difference significantly affects the performance and lifespan of the battery pack. While parallel connection of heat transfer tubes can mitigate the temperature difference problem to some extent, the piping layout becomes extremely complex, increasing design and maintenance costs and reducing system reliability.

[0063] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention uses the same-side ports of two heat transfer components in one outermost battery component as the main inlet and outlet; in another outermost battery component, the same-side ports of two heat transfer components serve as loop transition nodes; and the remaining ports of all heat transfer components are connected in series in a predetermined order, forming a complete liquid circulation system. Driven by a circulation pump, the coolant enters from the main inlet and flows sequentially through one of the heat transfer components in each battery component, absorbing heat transferred from the positive or negative terminals of the battery module. Subsequently, it flows through the loop transition node to the other heat transfer component in each battery component, further absorbing heat from the other polarity terminal, and then exits from the main outlet. During this circulation process, each battery component receives relatively uniform cooling, effectively avoiding temperature differences caused by insufficient or excessive cooling of some battery components, and achieving a uniform temperature distribution across the entire battery pack.

[0064] In addition, the system only requires a pair of main inlet / outlet liquid ports to achieve the cooling cycle of the entire battery pack. Moreover, the main inlet / outlet liquid ports are located on the same side of the two heat transfer components of the same battery component, which greatly simplifies the piping layout, reduces the complexity of the system, and improves reliability.

[0065] It should be noted that:

[0066] 1. The polarity terminal of the single battery described in this utility model can be a single battery terminal post, or it can be an integral structure of a single battery terminal post and a terminal post extension member connected thereto.

[0067] 2. The heat transfer component mentioned above can be a single-channel heat transfer tube, which achieves heat exchange through direct contact between the tube wall and the polarity terminal of the battery module.

[0068] The aforementioned heat transfer component can also be a heat exchanger. At least a portion of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchanger cavity and is in direct contact with the coolant; the other portion of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchanger and serves as an electrical connection. Heat exchange is achieved based on the direct contact between the polar terminal and the coolant.

[0069] Such heat exchange devices can be tubular heat exchange components with multiple through holes. Each through hole corresponds to a polarity terminal of a single cell in the battery module and extends along the z-direction and penetrates the tubular heat exchange component. In each battery component, each polarity terminal of a single cell is inserted into the corresponding through hole, and the electrical connection part extends out of the through hole. The sidewall of the polarity terminal is insulated and sealed with the through hole.

[0070] Such heat exchange devices may also include multiple heat exchange sleeves, each corresponding to a polarity terminal of a single battery cell. In each battery component, each heat exchange sleeve is fitted around the corresponding polarity terminal, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal, which serves as a coolant flow cavity. The electrical connection portion of the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve, and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeve are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal. The heat exchange sleeves of adjacent single batteries located on the same side of the polarity terminal are interconnected to form a heat exchange component.

[0071] The following examples mainly use a single-channel heat transfer tube as an example.

[0072] 3. The above-mentioned battery modules may include at least the following three types:

[0073] Type 1 battery module:

[0074] The first type of battery module includes multiple individual cells arranged along the second direction; the positive terminals of the multiple individual cells are arranged on one side to form the total positive terminal of the battery module; the negative terminals of the multiple individual cells are arranged on the other side to form the total negative terminal of the battery module.

[0075] For ease of description, in this utility model, the arrangement direction of the individual battery cells is defined as the x-direction; the height direction of the individual battery cells is defined as the z-direction; and the direction perpendicular to both the x and z directions is defined as the y-direction.

[0076] Second type of battery module:

[0077] The second type of battery module adds at least one electrolyte sharing pipeline to the first type of battery module. Based on the electrolyte sharing pipeline, the electrolyte areas inside the cavities of multiple individual cells are connected to achieve electrolyte sharing, reduce the differences between individual cells, and optimize the cycle performance of the battery module. It may also include a gas sharing pipeline, which connects the gas areas inside the cavities of multiple individual cells to achieve gas balance and further optimize the cycle performance of the battery module.

[0078] Third type of battery module:

[0079] The third type of battery module, based on the first type of battery module, adds a shell, with multiple individual batteries arranged along the x-direction and placed inside the shell cavity.

[0080] This utility model does not specifically limit the above-mentioned shell structure, but at least the following two structures can be adopted:

[0081] The first structure includes a cylindrical body with open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is the open end) and end plates fixed to the two open ends of the cylindrical body (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane).

[0082] The second structure includes a cylindrical body with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is the open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed to the open ends at the top and bottom of the cylindrical body respectively (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are both parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate or the top plate can be an integral structure with the cylindrical body).

[0083] A shared chamber is provided inside the aforementioned casing, which enables the connection of the internal cavities of each individual battery cell.

[0084] It should be noted that:

[0085] The aforementioned shared chamber can be an electrolyte sharing chamber, with its inner cavity connected to the inner cavities of each individual battery cell. This shared chamber ensures that each individual battery cell is in a uniform electrolyte environment, guaranteeing electrolyte homogeneity and improving the battery module's performance and charge-discharge cycle life. The electrolyte sharing chamber described here is a liquid channel extending along the length of the casing between the casing's bottom plate and each individual battery cell. This liquid channel can be integrally formed with the casing's bottom plate or formed by a support structure between the individual battery's lower cover and the casing's bottom plate. It should be noted that in the first type of casing structure, the casing's bottom plate here is a cylindrical bottom plate; in the second type of casing structure, the casing's bottom plate here is a base plate.

[0086] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-sharing chamber located on the top plate of the outer casing, covering the gas ports on the top of each individual battery cell in the battery module.

[0087] It should be noted that in the first type of shell structure, the top plate of the shell here is the top plate of the cylinder; in the second type of shell structure, the top plate of the shell here is the top plate.

[0088] It should also be noted that the gas port here has the following two meanings:

[0089] 1) The gas port is a through hole directly opened on the top cover of the single cell and penetrating the inner cavity of the single cell;

[0090] At this time, the gas-sharing chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each individual cell through the gas port. Based on the gas-sharing chamber, the gas areas of each individual cell can be connected to achieve gas balance, so that the gas of each individual cell is shared to ensure the consistency of each individual cell and improve the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent. When any individual cell experiences thermal runaway, the flue gas in the inner cavity of that individual cell enters the gas-sharing chamber and is discharged through the gas-sharing chamber, improving the safety of the battery module.

[0091] 2) The gas port is a vent or explosion-proof port installed on the top cover of the individual battery, and a vent membrane is provided at the vent or explosion-proof port.

[0092] At this time, the gas sharing chamber is used as a venting channel. When the venting membrane at the gas port of any single battery cell is ruptured by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of that single battery cell and the gas sharing chamber are connected, and the flue gas inside is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0093] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-liquid shared chamber. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each individual battery cell can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance of the battery module and its charge-discharge cycle life.

[0094] A clearance hole is made on the top plate of the outer casing corresponding to the terminal of each individual battery; the area of ​​the top plate corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed to the outer casing of the individual battery, so that the clearance hole area of ​​the top plate of the outer casing is sealed.

[0095] The area on the top plate of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole can be the area around the clearance hole on the top plate of the outer casing, or it can be the wall of the clearance hole.

[0096] The following detailed description of a battery pack assembled from different battery components is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0097] Example 1

[0098] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figures shown are schematic diagrams of the battery pack from different perspectives in this embodiment, including three battery components arranged along the y-direction. In other embodiments, the number of battery components can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0099] Each battery component includes a battery module 1 and two heat transfer components 21. The two heat transfer components 21 are respectively fixed to the main positive terminal and the main negative terminal of the battery module.

[0100] In this embodiment, the battery module 1 is the first type of battery module mentioned above, and the heat transfer component in this embodiment is a single-channel heat transfer pipe as an example.

[0101] The specific structure of the battery components is as follows: Figures 3 to 5 As shown in the figure, the battery module 1 in this embodiment includes 12 individual batteries 11 arranged along the x-direction. In this embodiment, the individual batteries 11 are prismatic cells, and each individual battery 11 has an electrolyte region and a gas region inside its cavity. In other embodiments, the number of individual batteries 11 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the shape of the individual batteries 11 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0102] On the polarity terminal of each individual cell 11, a first through-slot 133 is formed for mounting a single-channel heat transfer tube. The first through-slot 133 extends along the x-direction, meaning its length is parallel to the x-axis. The inner shape of the first through-slot 133 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the single-channel heat transfer tube, ensuring that the tube is tightly clamped within it. This ensures installation stability while also guaranteeing effective heat transfer between the single-channel heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal. Figure 5 As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment uses a rectangular first through groove 133, and the single-channel heat transfer tube adapted to it is a square tube.

[0103] In this embodiment, each individual battery cell 11 has a terminal extension 13 connected to its terminal post 12 as a polarity terminal. The terminal extension 13 includes an electrical connection post 132 and a terminal extension body 131. The electrical connection post 132 is located at the bottom of the terminal extension body 131 and protrudes from it. A first through slot 133 is provided on the terminal extension body 131. Figure 5 To facilitate the display of the first through groove 133, a single-channel heat transfer pipe is not installed in one side of the first through groove 133. To facilitate the connection between the electrode extension 13 and the electrode 12 of the single cell 11, this embodiment provides a recessed structure 134 at the bottom of the first through groove 133, which is recessed into the electrical connection post 132; the bottom of the recessed structure 134 is connected to the electrode 12 of the single cell 11.

[0104] Specifically, the single-channel heat transfer tube can be fixed to the battery module 1 through the following process: First, align the electrical connection post 132 of each pole extension 13 with the pole post 12 of the single cell 11 to ensure that the two are in contact; then, connect the bottom of the recessed structure 134 and the pole post 12 by through soldering.

[0105] After all the pole extensions 13 are fixed, a single-channel heat transfer tube is fixed along the x-direction in the first through groove 133 of each positive pole extension body 131 located on one side; another single-channel heat transfer tube is fixed along the x-direction in the first through groove 133 of each negative pole extension body 131 located on the other side.

[0106] It should be noted that the positive polarity terminal extension body 131 refers to the terminal extension body fixed on the positive polarity terminal, and the negative polarity terminal extension body 131 refers to the terminal extension body fixed on the negative polarity terminal.

[0107] In other embodiments, when the height of the electrode post 12 of the single cell 11 meets the requirements, a first through groove 133 can be directly opened on the electrode post 12 to fix a single-channel heat transfer tube.

[0108] To improve the stability of the single-channel heat transfer tube and ensure efficient heat transfer, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the single-channel heat transfer tube, as shown in the following figure. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, adapted to the square first through-slot 133, this embodiment uses a square tube as a single-channel heat transfer tube. A stepped structure 23 is provided along the length of the outer wall of the single-channel heat transfer tube. The horizontal plane of the stepped structure 23 is flush with the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through-slot. A welded connection is made at the joint between the horizontal plane of the stepped structure 23 and the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through-slot. Figure 5 As shown.

[0109] It should be noted that the horizontal plane of the aforementioned stepped structure 23 refers to the connection surface between the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section of the single-channel heat transfer tube in the z-direction.

[0110] A stepped structure 23 is provided on the outer wall of the single-channel heat transfer tube, and the horizontal plane of the stepped structure 23 is flush with the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through groove. At the same time, the joint is welded, which has at least the following advantages:

[0111] Improved stability: The stepped structure 23 provides a larger welding contact area, making the welded connection more robust, reducing the risk of connection loosening due to vibration, and improving the overall stability of the battery components.

[0112] Optimize heat transfer efficiency: The horizontal plane of the stepped structure 23 is flush with the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through groove, ensuring a tighter contact between the single-channel heat transfer tube and the pole extension 13, reducing the tiny gaps between the contact interfaces, significantly reducing thermal resistance, improving heat transfer efficiency, and avoiding local hot spots caused by poor contact.

[0113] Furthermore, during the welding process, conventional welding operations may damage the single-channel heat transfer tube structure due to factors such as high temperature and stress concentration, thus leading to potential leakage. The stepped structure 23, however, has its horizontal plane flush with the end face 135 of the first channel sidewall, providing an ideal operating plane for laser welding along the z-direction. This effectively avoids leakage problems caused by damage to the single-channel heat transfer tube structure during the welding process. When coolant (such as liquid coolant) flows inside the single-channel heat transfer tube, this design effectively prevents coolant leakage from the joints.

[0114] The inner cavity of the single-channel heat transfer pipe serves as a coolant flow chamber. After the heat from the electrode post 12 is conducted to the electrode post extension 13, it is further transferred to the single-channel heat transfer pipe. The heat diffuses rapidly in the single-channel heat transfer pipe and is dissipated through heat exchange with the surrounding environment, thereby achieving heat dissipation for the battery module 1.

[0115] After the single-channel heat transfer tube is fixed in the first through groove 133, the presence of the recessed structure 134 inevitably creates a non-contact area between the single-channel heat transfer tube and the electrode extension 13, affecting the heat transfer effect. To further optimize the heat transfer effect, this embodiment can also fix a conductive heat-conducting column inside the recessed structure 134. The top of the conductive heat-conducting column is flush with the bottom of the first through groove 133, and the sidewall of the conductive heat-conducting column is in close contact with the inner wall of the recessed structure 134. The conductive heat-conducting column can be made of a material with high electrical and thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum block. Aluminum has good electrical and thermal conductivity properties, which can effectively enhance the heat conduction efficiency between the electrode extension 13 and the single-channel heat transfer tube.

[0116] The addition of conductive and heat-conducting pillars further enhances the performance of the terminal extension 13. In terms of conductivity, the conductive and heat-conducting pillars fixed to the recessed structure 134, with their excellent conductivity, significantly stabilize the electrical connection between the terminal extension 13 and the terminal 12 of the individual battery 11. During battery charging and discharging, large currents can be transmitted more smoothly, greatly reducing energy loss and heat generation caused by contact resistance, thereby effectively improving the battery's charging and discharging efficiency.

[0117] From a thermal conductivity perspective, because the top of the conductive heat-conducting pillar is flush with the bottom of the first through groove 133 and its sidewall is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recessed structure 134, the path for heat transfer from the battery terminal 12 to the single-channel heat transfer pipe is successfully shortened. Relying on its high thermal conductivity, the heat transfer speed is significantly accelerated, enabling rapid conduction of the heat generated by the battery terminal 12 to the single-channel heat transfer pipe for timely dissipation, effectively reducing the risk of battery failure due to overheating.

[0118] Preferably, a thermally conductive adhesive layer can also be provided between the first through groove 133 and the single-channel heat transfer tube, and between the recessed structure 134 and the conductive and heat-conducting pillar. The thermally conductive adhesive layer can be made of silicone thermally conductive adhesive, which is made of silicone polymer as the matrix and combined with a high thermal conductivity filler material; it can also be made of acrylic thermally conductive adhesive, which can form a stable thermally conductive adhesive layer in a short time.

[0119] The thermally conductive adhesive layer disposed between the first channel 133 and the single-channel heat transfer tube can tightly adhere to the outer wall of the single-channel heat transfer tube and the inner wall of the first channel 133, thus fixing the single-channel heat transfer tube. It has high adhesion; when applied between the outer wall of the single-channel heat transfer tube and the inner wall of the first channel 133, it forms a strong adhesive force on the contact surface, effectively preventing the single-channel heat transfer tube from shaking within the first channel 133. This greatly improves the stability of the single-channel heat transfer tube installation, avoiding loosening of the connection due to shaking, which could affect the heat dissipation and conductivity of the battery components. Simultaneously, the adhesive layer significantly optimizes thermal conductivity. Unlike traditional direct solid contact methods, the adhesive layer can better adapt to different surface shapes and roughnesses. At the microscopic scale, even if there are slight unevennesses between the outer wall of the single-channel heat transfer tube and the inner wall of the first groove 133, the adhesive layer can fill these gaps through its own fluidity, forming an efficient heat conduction path. Similarly, the thermally conductive adhesive layer disposed between the recessed structure 134 and the conductive heat-conducting pillar can also fill these gaps through its own fluidity, forming an efficient heat conduction path, even if there are slight unevennesses between the outer wall of the conductive heat-conducting pillar and the inner wall of the recessed structure 134. This effectively avoids hotspot problems caused by local thermal resistance differences, further improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery component, and ensures that the battery component operates in a stable temperature environment.

[0120] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As can be seen, in this embodiment of the battery pack, each single-channel heat transfer tube adopts the following two series connection methods:

[0121] The first type of series connection: such as Figure 8 As shown, taking a battery pack consisting of three battery components as an example, the two straight lines extending along the x-direction at the top represent two single-channel heat transfer tubes in one battery component, the two straight lines extending along the x-direction in the middle represent two single-channel heat transfer tubes in the second battery component, and the two straight lines extending along the x-direction at the bottom represent two single-channel heat transfer tubes in the third battery component.

[0122] Setting of main inlet and outlet: In the y-direction, select one of the outermost battery components and designate the ports on the same side of its two single-channel heat transfer pipes as the main inlet and outlet, respectively (a in the figure is the main inlet, and b is the main outlet). Coolant enters the system through the main inlet and flows out through the main outlet after heat exchange.

[0123] Loop turning point setting: In the y direction, the two single-channel heat transfer tubes of the other outermost battery component are connected in series at the same side ports. The connection point is used as the loop turning point (as shown in c in the figure) to guide the coolant to change its flow direction and form a complete circulation path.

[0124] Remaining port connection rules (here, remaining ports refer to the ports remaining after excluding the ports on the same side of the two single-channel heat transfer tubes of one outermost battery component and the ports on the same side of the two single-channel heat transfer tubes of the other outermost battery component):

[0125] At the main inlet and main outlet of the battery pack ( Figure 8 On the left side of the middle battery component, among the four single-channel heat transfer tubes arranged along the y-direction on every two adjacent battery components, the ports of the two single-channel heat transfer tubes that are alternately positioned are connected in series; that is, the ports that are separated by one port in position are connected in series. Assuming that the ports of the four single-channel heat transfer tubes are A1, B1, C1, and D1 in sequence, then A1 and C1, and B1 and D1 are connected in series.

[0126] On the other side, that is, the side opposite to or away from the main inlet and main outlet ( Figure 8 On the right side of the middle section, in every two adjacent battery components, there are four single-channel heat transfer tubes arranged along the y-direction, and the ports of the two alternating single-channel heat transfer tubes are connected in series. Assuming the ports of the four single-channel heat transfer tubes are A2, B2, C2, and D2 respectively, then A2 and C2, and B2 and D2 are connected in series.

[0127] After completing the above connections, the coolant should be supplied according to... Figure 8 The coolant flows in the direction indicated by the middle arrow. It enters the system from the main inlet, passes sequentially through a single-channel heat transfer pipe in the uppermost battery component, a single-channel heat transfer pipe in the middle battery component, and a single-channel heat transfer pipe in the lowermost battery component. After passing through a loop turning point, it passes sequentially through another single-channel heat transfer pipe in the lowermost battery component, another single-channel heat transfer pipe in the middle battery component, and another single-channel heat transfer pipe in the uppermost battery component, before exiting from the main outlet, forming a complete circulation path within the system.

[0128] Coolant flows into the system from the main inlet and flows sequentially through a single-channel heat transfer tube of each battery component, absorbing heat and gradually increasing in temperature. When the coolant reaches the loop inflection point, the flow direction changes, and it flows sequentially through another single-channel heat transfer tube of each battery component. Because the two single-channel heat transfer tubes are arranged in parallel, the inlet / outlet temperature difference of each battery component is basically the same, promoting temperature uniformity.

[0129] The second type of series connection: such as Figure 9 As shown, taking a battery pack consisting of three battery components as an example, and... Figure 8 Similarly, the two straight lines extending along the x-direction at the top represent two single-channel heat transfer tubes in one battery component, the two straight lines extending along the x-direction in the middle represent two single-channel heat transfer tubes in the second battery component, and the two straight lines extending along the x-direction at the bottom represent two single-channel heat transfer tubes in the third battery component.

[0130] Setting of main inlet, main outlet and loop turning points Figure 8 same:

[0131] Setting of main inlet and outlet: In the y-direction, select one of the outermost battery components and designate the ports on the same side of its two single-channel heat transfer pipes as the main inlet and outlet, respectively (a in the figure is the main inlet, and b is the main outlet). Coolant enters the system through the main inlet and flows out through the main outlet after heat exchange.

[0132] Loop turning point setting: In the y direction, the two single-channel heat transfer tubes of the other outermost battery component are connected in series at the same side ports. The connection point is used as the loop turning point (as shown in c in the figure) to guide the coolant to change its flow direction and form a complete circulation path.

[0133] The rules for connecting to the remaining ports are different. Figure 8 :

[0134] At the main inlet and main outlet of the battery pack ( Figure 9 As shown on the left), on each pair of adjacent battery components, among the four single-channel heat transfer tubes arranged along the y-direction, the ports of the two adjacent single-channel heat transfer tubes are connected in series, and the ports of the two single-channel heat transfer tubes on the outer side are also connected in series; assuming that the ports of the four single-channel heat transfer tubes are A3, B3, C3, and D3 respectively, then A3 and D3, and B3 and C3 are connected in series.

[0135] On the other side, that is, the side opposite to the main inlet and main outlet ( Figure 9As shown on the right side, on every two adjacent battery components, among the four single-channel heat transfer tubes arranged along the y-direction, the ports of the two adjacent single-channel heat transfer tubes are connected in series, and the ports of the two outer single-channel heat transfer tubes are connected in series. Assuming the ports of the four single-channel heat transfer tubes are A4, B4, C4, and D4 respectively, then A4 and D4, and B4 and C4 are connected in series.

[0136] contrast Figure 8 and Figure 9 It can be seen that, compared to Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, there are no intersecting pipes, making the connection relatively simple.

[0137] Example 2

[0138] Based on Example 1, this example uses a single-channel heat transfer tube as an electrical conductor to achieve parallel connection of multiple individual cells 11 in each battery component. The material can be a high-purity aluminum alloy, such as 6063 aluminum alloy. This material has good electrical conductivity, with a conductivity of 30-35 MS / m at 20°C, which can meet the requirements for current conduction; it also has excellent thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of approximately 200-230 W / (m·K), enabling efficient heat dissipation.

[0139] In the battery pack, single-channel heat transfer tubes of different polarities of different battery components are connected by electrical connectors to realize the series connection of adjacent battery components.

[0140] It should be noted that the external connecting pipes used to connect the individual heat transfer tubes in series should be electrically insulating.

[0141] In this embodiment, the single-channel heat transfer pipe not only serves as a heat dissipation component but also as an electrical connector to realize the parallel connection of multiple individual cells 11 in the battery component, which has at least the following advantages:

[0142] Firstly, the elimination of the need for dedicated conductive connectors simplifies the overall structure of the battery component. In traditional battery modules, heat dissipation and conductivity are often handled by different components, requiring complex structural layouts and connection designs. In this embodiment, however, the single-channel heat transfer pipe integrates both heat dissipation and conductivity functions, reducing the need for dedicated conductive connectors and making the overall structure of the battery component simpler and more compact, thus reducing design complexity and the probability of errors.

[0143] Secondly, because the single-channel heat transfer pipe simultaneously performs both heat dissipation and electrical conductivity functions, it reduces the number of components in the battery assembly, thereby lowering assembly difficulty and cost. Previously, separate heat dissipation pipes and conductive connectors were used, resulting in a large number of components, increased procurement costs, and requiring precise installation of each part during assembly, demanding high skill levels from assembly workers and leading to long assembly times.

[0144] Thirdly, the single-channel heat transfer tube, as a parallel connector, is directly embedded in the first through slot 133 of the electrode extension 13, making full use of the space of the electrode extension 13 and avoiding the problem of additional conductive connectors occupying space, which is conducive to improving the integration of battery components.

[0145] Fourthly, the single-channel heat transfer pipe, acting as a parallel connector, ensures a more uniform current distribution among multiple individual battery cells 11, preventing individual cells from overheating and being damaged due to excessive current. The single-channel heat transfer pipe is made of uniform material with good conductivity, and its resistance characteristics are consistent when used as a parallel connector. According to electrical principles, current will be evenly distributed along paths with the same resistance. Therefore, after multiple individual battery cells 11 are connected in parallel through the single-channel heat transfer pipe, the current can flow evenly to each individual battery cell 11, avoiding excessive current in individual cells due to uneven current distribution, which could lead to overheating and damage. This effectively improves the overall performance and stability of the battery module 1.

[0146] Example 3

[0147] Unlike the above embodiments, this embodiment uses the second type of battery module 1, that is, an electrolyte sharing pipeline is set at the bottom of the battery module 1 in the above embodiments. The inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each individual battery cell 11, so as to realize electrolyte sharing, reduce the difference between each individual battery cell 11, and optimize the cycle performance of the battery component.

[0148] In this embodiment, the connection method of each single-channel heat transfer pipe in the battery pack is the same as that in embodiment 1, so as to achieve the effect of making the temperature of each individual cell 11 in the battery components at different positions tend to be consistent.

[0149] Example 4

[0150] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment is another type of battery pack. Unlike the above embodiments, the battery module 1 in this embodiment is a third type of battery module.

[0151] The structure of the third type of battery module is as follows: Figures 12 to 14 As shown, in this embodiment, the third type of battery module arranges 12 individual batteries 11 in the inner cavity of the outer shell 3, and each terminal extension 13 is located outside the outer shell 3. A single-channel heat transfer pipe is fixed on the terminal extension 13 located on the same side. The structure of the terminal extension 13 and the single-channel heat transfer pipe is the same as that in the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0152] A support extending in the x-direction is provided between the bottom plate of the outer casing 3 and each individual battery cell 11 to form a liquid channel, serving as a shared electrolyte chamber 4.

[0153] The top plate 31 of the outer shell may also be provided with a boss extending in the x direction, and a gas channel is opened on the boss, which serves as a gas sharing chamber 5.

[0154] This embodiment can achieve the assembly of battery components through the following process:

[0155] First, place 12 individual batteries 11 inside the outer casing 3, and fix and seal the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 32 to the outer casing of the individual battery 11.

[0156] In this embodiment, a sealing connection is achieved by welding the edge of the clearance hole 32 near the single cell 11 to the top cover plate of the single cell 11. When there is a certain gap between the two, solder can be filled into the gap for welding, thus preventing the external environment from interfering with the internal environment of the large-capacity battery through the gap between the clearance hole 32 and the terminal post 12. In addition to the welding method used in this embodiment, in some other embodiments, laser welding can also be used to weld the area around each clearance hole 32 on the top plate 31 of the outer casing to the area around the corresponding terminal post 12 on the top cover plate of the single cell 11. However, this welding method requires a high wall thickness of the top plate (a thicker top plate may result in poor welding effect, while a thinner top plate may cause high-temperature damage to the inside of the single cell 11).

[0157] Furthermore, due to the small gap between the terminal 12 of the individual battery 11 and the clearance hole 32, the insulation between the terminal 12 of the individual battery 11 and the top plate 31 of the casing may be difficult to ensure. Additionally, if thermal runaway occurs, cracks may appear at the weld between the clearance hole 32 and the top cover of the individual battery 11, causing thermal runaway fumes to leak from that location. Therefore, if… Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, an insulating seal 6 is provided in the gap between each clearance hole 32 and the pole post 12. This insulating seal 6 ensures insulation between the pole post 12 and the top plate 31 of the outer casing. Furthermore, even if leakage occurs at the welding point, the insulating seal 6 acts as a second barrier to prevent leakage of thermal runaway fumes. It should be noted that... Figure 14 In order to make it easier to show the position of the clearance hole 32, no insulating seal 6 is provided on one side of the clearance hole 32.

[0158] Therefore, after fixing and sealing the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 32 to the outer casing of the single battery 11, the insulating seal 6 is set between each clearance hole 32 and the terminal post 12. Then, the terminal post extension 13 is pressed tightly against the insulating seal 6, and finally the terminal post extension 13 is welded to the terminal post 12 of the single battery 11.

[0159] In order to ensure that the terminal extension 13 can uniformly provide clamping force to the insulating seal 6 and ensure the insulation and sealing performance of the insulating seal 6, in this embodiment, the insulating seal 6 includes a flexible insulating sealing ring 62 and a pressure ring 61. During assembly, the flexible insulating sealing ring 62 is first placed in the clearance hole 32; then the pressure ring 61 is placed on the flexible insulating sealing ring 62. The flexible insulating sealing ring 62 is a flexible stepped structure 23. The small diameter section of the stepped structure 23 extends into the clearance hole 32 and contacts the upper cover plate of the single cell 11, and the large diameter section of the stepped structure 23 is located outside the top plate 31 of the outer casing and contacts the top of the top plate 31 of the outer casing. The pressure ring 61 is a metal part.

[0160] In some other embodiments, the insulating seal 6 may also be an insulating seal layer disposed at the gap between the clearance hole 32 and the pole post 12 by a casting process.

[0161] from Figure 10 and Figure 11 As can be seen from this, in this embodiment, the connection method of each single-channel heat transfer pipe in the battery pack is the same as that in embodiment 1, so as to achieve the effect of making the temperature of each individual cell 11 in the battery components at different positions tend to be consistent.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that: It includes n battery components arranged along a first direction; each battery component includes a battery module and two heat transfer components. The battery module includes m individual cells arranged along the second direction; the positive terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on one side, forming the total positive terminal of the battery module; the negative terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on the other side, forming the total negative terminal of the battery module; where n and m are both integers greater than 1; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular. Two heat transfer components are fixed to the main positive terminal and the main negative terminal of the battery module, respectively. In the n battery components, in the outermost battery component along the first direction, the same-side ports of the two heat transfer components serve as the total liquid inlet and the total liquid outlet; in the other outermost battery component along the first direction, the same-side ports of the two components serve as loop turning nodes; in the remaining ports, the heat transfer component ports of different battery components are connected in series in a set order. After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one of the heat transfer components of each battery component in sequence, and then through the loop turning point, it flows through the other heat transfer component of each battery component in sequence, and flows out from the main outlet.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Of the remaining ports, on the sides of the total liquid inlet and total liquid outlet, on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components located in the middle position are connected in series, and the ports of the two heat transfer components located on the outer side are connected in series. On the side away from the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet, on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components located in the middle adjacent position are connected in series, and the ports of the two heat transfer components located on the outer side are connected in series.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Of the remaining ports, on the sides of the total liquid inlet and total liquid outlet, on every two adjacent battery components, the ports of the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction are connected in series between the two heat transfer components whose positions are alternate. On the side away from the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet, on every two adjacent battery components, among the four heat transfer components arranged sequentially along the first direction, the ports of the two heat transfer components that are positioned alternately are connected in series.

4. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The battery module also includes a housing, with m individual batteries arranged inside the housing, and the internal cavities of each individual battery interconnected. The top plate of the casing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell, and the polarity terminals extend out of the corresponding clearance holes; and the area of ​​the clearance holes corresponding to the top plate of the casing is fixedly sealed with the top cover of the individual battery cell.

5. The battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat transfer component is a single-channel heat transfer tube.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat transfer component is an electrical conductor, enabling the parallel connection of multiple individual cells; The heat transfer components of different battery components are connected in series in a predetermined order through external connecting pipe sections; the external connecting pipe sections are electrically insulating components.

7. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the m individual cells has a first through groove extending in a first direction on both the positive and negative terminals, and the heat transfer component is installed in the first through groove.

8. The battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer wall of the heat transfer component is provided with a stepped structure along the first direction. The horizontal surface of the stepped structure is flush with the end face of the side wall of the first through groove. The stepped structure is welded together at the joint between the horizontal surface of the stepped structure and the end face of the side wall of the first through groove.

9. The battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that: The polarity terminals include individual battery terminals and terminal extensions fixed thereon; The electrode extension includes an electrical connection post and an electrode extension body; The electrical connection post is located at the bottom of the electrode extension body and protrudes from the electrode extension body; The first through groove is formed on the main body of the electrode extension member; the bottom of the first through groove is provided with a recessed structure that is recessed into the electrical connection post; the bottom of the recessed structure is connected to the electrode post of the single battery cell.

10. The battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat transfer component is a heat exchange device; at least a portion of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchange device and is in direct contact with the coolant; the other portion of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and serves as an electrical connection.

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