Fuel cell system and underwater unmanned vehicle

Abstract

This application relates to a fuel cell system and an underwater unmanned surface vessel (USV). The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen unit, an oxygen unit, a heat exchange unit, a control unit, and an energy management unit. The hydrogen and oxygen units supply pure hydrogen and pure oxygen to the fuel cell stack, respectively. The oxygen unit includes an oxygen storage device for storing pure oxygen. The heat exchange unit includes a circulating heating subunit and a circulating cooling subunit. The USV includes a USV controller and a power battery system. The power battery system is electrically connected to a battery management system, and the control unit and battery management system are electrically connected to the USV controller. The energy management unit is located between the fuel cell stack and the power battery system. This invention effectively solves the oxygen supply problem of the fuel cell reaction by using pure oxygen and can maintain high energy conversion efficiency in low-temperature environments, providing a continuous and stable power supply for the underwater USV.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and more specifically, to a fuel cell system and an underwater unmanned surface vessel. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, the power systems of unmanned surface vessels mainly rely on internal combustion engines, lithium batteries, or conventional fuel cell systems.

[0003] Due to the complex environmental requirements, an increasing number of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) need to operate for extended periods in shallow or even deep-sea environments. However, these traditional USV propulsion systems often face problems such as low efficiency and insufficient endurance when used in shallow or deep-sea environments.

[0004] Especially in the low-temperature environment of the deep sea, the performance of lithium batteries is severely limited, thus affecting the endurance of unmanned surface vessels.

[0005] Traditional PEM fuel cells use air as the cathode reactant. On unmanned surface vessels (USVs), the supply of compressed air is severely limited, leading to a decline in fuel cell power generation performance and an inability to provide continuous and stable power. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a fuel cell system and an underwater unmanned surface vessel that effectively solves the oxygen supply problem of fuel cell reaction by using pure oxygen and can maintain high energy conversion efficiency in low temperature environments, thus providing a continuous and stable power supply for the underwater unmanned surface vessel.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, this utility model provides a fuel cell system for power supply of unmanned surface vessels, comprising: a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen unit, an oxygen unit, a heat exchange unit, a control unit, and an energy management unit.

[0008] The hydrogen unit and the oxygen unit are used to provide pure hydrogen and pure oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the oxygen unit includes an oxygen storage device for storing pure oxygen.

[0009] The heat exchange unit includes a circulating heating subunit and a circulating cooling subunit, which are used to circulate heating and cooling of the fuel cell stack, respectively. The circulating cooling subunit is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that can exchange heat with seawater.

[0010] The unmanned surface vessel includes an unmanned surface vessel controller and a power battery system. The power battery system is electrically connected to a battery management system. The control unit and the battery management system are respectively electrically connected to the unmanned surface vessel controller.

[0011] The energy management unit is located between the fuel cell stack and the power battery system, and is used to boost the voltage of the fuel cell stack to the voltage required by the power battery system.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the hydrogen unit includes a hydrogen storage device, which is connected in sequence to a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve via pipelines. The proportional valve is connected to the fuel cell stack via a hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0013] The fuel cell stack includes a stack anode outlet. A hydrogen circulation unit is provided between the stack anode outlet and the hydrogen unit. The hydrogen circulation unit includes a water separator for separating the gas discharged from the stack anode outlet into gas and water. A hydrogen circulation pressurization device is provided downstream of the water separator. The gas outlet pipe of the hydrogen circulation pressurization device is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the oxygen storage device is connected in sequence to a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve via a pipeline. The proportional valve is connected to the fuel cell stack via an oxygen supply pipeline, and a humidifier is installed on the oxygen supply pipeline.

[0015] The fuel cell stack includes a stack cathode outlet. An oxygen circulation unit is provided between the stack cathode outlet and the oxygen unit. The oxygen circulation unit includes a water separator for gas-water separation of the gas discharged from the stack cathode outlet. An oxygen circulation pressurization device is provided downstream of the water separator. The gas outlet pipe of the oxygen circulation pressurization device is connected to the oxygen supply pipe.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the unmanned surface vessel is equipped with a hydrogen concentration sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor inside its cabin, and the hydrogen concentration sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are electrically connected to the control unit, respectively.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the heat exchange unit includes a circulating water outlet main pipe and a circulating water return main pipe, and a circulating water pump is provided on the circulating water outlet main pipe.

[0018] Downstream of the circulating water pump, there is a circulating heating bypass branch and a circulating cooling branch. The plate heat exchanger is located on the circulating cooling branch, and a temperature control valve is installed between the circulating heating bypass branch and the circulating cooling branch.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the heat exchange unit further includes a circulating water treatment device for treating the circulating water. The circulating water treatment device is disposed on a circulating water treatment branch located downstream of the circulating water pump. The circulating water treatment branch, the circulating heating bypass branch, and the circulating cooling branch are arranged in parallel.

[0020] In an optional implementation, the energy management unit includes a DC-DC converter.

[0021] In an optional implementation, the energy management unit is electrically connected to both the fuel cell stack and the power battery system.

[0022] In an optional implementation, the unmanned surface vessel (USV) is equipped with an exhaust device that is electrically connected to the USV controller.

[0023] Secondly, this utility model provides an underwater unmanned surface vessel, including the fuel cell system described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0024] The fuel cell system and underwater unmanned surface vessel of this invention, by improving and optimizing the oxygen supply method of the fuel cell, can overcome the limitation of the limited compressed air supply in the prior art, effectively improve the power generation performance of the fuel cell, and provide continuous and stable power for the underwater unmanned surface vessel.

[0025] By adopting a pure oxygen cryogenic PEM fuel cell system, which uses pure oxygen instead of oxygen from the air, the oxygen supply problem of the fuel cell reaction is effectively solved, and high efficiency can be maintained in a low-temperature environment, making it an ideal alternative to the unmanned surface vessel power system.

[0026] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the fuel cell system in this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the electrical connections between the unmanned surface vessel controller, control unit, and battery management system.

[0030] icon:

[0031] 1-Fuel cell stack; 11-Hydrogen circulation unit; 111-Hydrogen circulation pressurization device; 12-Oxygen circulation unit; 121-Oxygen circulation pressurization device;

[0032] 2-Hydrogen unit; 21-Hydrogen storage device; 22-Hydrogen supply pipeline;

[0033] 3-Oxygen unit; 31-Oxygen storage device; 32-Oxygen supply pipeline; 33-Humidifier;

[0034] 4-Heat exchange unit; 41-Circulating water outlet main pipe; 42-Circulating water return main pipe; 43-Circulating water pump; 44-Circulating heating bypass branch; 45-Circulating cooling branch; 451-Plate heat exchanger; 46-Thermostatic valve; 47-Circulating water treatment branch; 471-Circulating water treatment device.

[0035] 5-Control unit; 51-Hydrogen concentration sensor; 52-Oxygen concentration sensor;

[0036] 6-Energy Management Unit;

[0037] 7-Unmanned Surface Vessel Controller;

[0038] 8-Power battery system; 81-Battery management system;

[0039] 9-Exhaust device;

[0040] 10 - Pressure reducing valve; 20 - Proportional valve; 30 - Water distribution reservoir; 40 - Drain valve. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] The fuel cell system and underwater unmanned surface vessel (USV) in this application mainly improve and optimize the fuel cell system of the USV by using pure oxygen instead of oxygen from the air for electrochemical reactions, thus solving the problem of power system operation in oxygen-free underwater environments. This overcomes the bottleneck of limited compressed air supply in conventional fuel cell systems in oxygen-free underwater environments, thereby ensuring the high energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell system and providing a continuous and stable power supply to the USV.

[0045] The fuel cell system in this invention is specifically a pure hydrogen and pure oxygen low-temperature PEM fuel cell system for underwater unmanned surface vessels. The key feature is the use of pure hydrogen and pure oxygen for the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack.

[0046] Specifically designed for underwater environments where there is no air, the system combines a low-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with a pure hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction to solve the problem of insufficient underwater oxygen supply, significantly improving system efficiency and the endurance of the underwater unmanned surface vessel.

[0047] See Figure 1 and combined Figure 2 The fuel cell system of this utility model is used for power supply of unmanned surface vessels, including: fuel cell stack 1, hydrogen unit 2, oxygen unit 3, heat exchange unit 4, control unit 5, and energy management unit 6.

[0048] The fuel cell stack 1 in this application is specifically a low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which uses pure hydrogen and pure oxygen as reactants to generate electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Unlike traditional fuel cell systems, by using pure oxygen instead of oxygen from the air, it overcomes the limitation of the absence of air in underwater environments, enabling the fuel cell system to operate stably in low-oxygen or oxygen-free environments such as the deep sea.

[0049] Hydrogen unit 2 and oxygen unit 3 are used to provide pure hydrogen and pure oxygen to fuel cell stack 1. Based on the reaction involving pure oxygen in this application, oxygen unit 3 includes an oxygen storage device 31 for storing pure oxygen for use by the pure oxygen fuel cell system.

[0050] The pure oxygen fuel cell system in this application uses pure oxygen instead of oxygen from the air for electrochemical reactions. In existing technologies, the oxygen carried in the cabin of underwater unmanned surface vessels (USVs) is limited and insufficient to meet the continuous power generation requirements of the fuel cell system. In the underwater environment, oxygen can be pre-stored and directly supplied through oxygen cylinders or tanks included in the oxygen storage device 31, thereby solving the application problem of USVs in hypoxic or anoxic environments and significantly improving the technical advantages of USV power supply.

[0051] By pre-storing pure oxygen in a high-pressure form, the complexity of air-input related components in the fuel cell system is reduced, such as the need for necessary air filters and air compressors, thereby effectively reducing the system's size and weight. For underwater unmanned surface vessels (USVs), this reduction in system size and weight directly improves their endurance.

[0052] Using pure oxygen and pure hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction results in a significantly higher reaction efficiency than traditional fuel cell systems. For underwater unmanned surface vessels, this provides stable power for a longer period.

[0053] Combined with the heat exchange unit 4 and energy management unit 6, which ensure the stable and reliable operation of the fuel cell system, the underwater unmanned surface vessel's endurance can be effectively improved, making it particularly suitable for long-duration deep-sea exploration missions.

[0054] The heat exchange unit 4 includes a circulating heating subunit and a circulating cooling subunit, which are used to circulate heating and cooling of the fuel cell stack 1, respectively.

[0055] The aforementioned circulating heating and circulating cooling are specifically carried out through the set-up circulating pipelines and the circulating water flowing in the circulating pipelines.

[0056] The circulating heating primarily occurs during the initial operation phase of the fuel cell stack 1, while the circulating cooling is performed after normal operation to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell system in low-temperature environments. The circulating cooling subunit is equipped with a plate heat exchanger 451 capable of exchanging heat with seawater. Circulating water flows into the plate heat exchanger 451 and dissipates heat through heat exchange with the seawater, meeting the operational requirements for low-temperature cooling. The circulating cooling subunit effectively reduces the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 during the reaction process, preventing system failures due to excessively high or low temperatures.

[0057] The control unit 5 of the fuel cell system is responsible for the safety monitoring and status monitoring of the fuel cell system, as well as communication with the underwater unmanned surface vessel controller 7, and coordinating the system power output.

[0058] The unmanned surface vessel (USV) includes an USV controller 7 and a power battery system 8. The USV controller 7 is the central control unit of the underwater USV, controlling the normal operation of each subsystem. To maintain communication between the fuel cell system control unit 5 and the USV controller 7, the fuel cell system control unit 5 is electrically connected to the USV controller 7.

[0059] Meanwhile, the power battery system 8 is electrically connected to the battery management system 81, which controls the electrochemical reaction process inside the fuel cell stack. By electrically connecting the control unit 5 of the fuel cell system and the battery management system 81 to the unmanned surface vessel controller 7, the normal operation of the fuel cell system can be guaranteed.

[0060] The energy management unit 6 is disposed between the fuel cell stack 1 and the power battery system 8, and is electrically connected to both the fuel cell stack 1 and the power battery system 8, and is used to boost the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 to the voltage required by the power battery system 8.

[0061] Specifically, the energy management unit 6 includes a DC-DC converter, which boosts the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 to the voltage required by the underwater unmanned surface vessel's power battery system 8, and adjusts the output power of the fuel cell system according to the power requirements of the underwater unmanned surface vessel to ensure its normal operation.

[0062] Regarding fuel gas supply, the hydrogen unit 2 includes a hydrogen storage device 21, which includes a hydrogen cylinder or a hydrogen tank. A pressure reducing valve 10 and a proportional valve 20 are connected in sequence via pipelines. The pressure reducing valve 10 is mainly used to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage device 21. The proportional valve 20 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 via a hydrogen supply pipeline 22. The proportional valve 20 regulates the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage device 21 so that it can enter the fuel cell stack 1 for reaction.

[0063] From the perspective of hydrogen circulation in the gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack 1 includes a stack anode outlet. A hydrogen circulation unit 11 is provided between the stack anode outlet and the hydrogen unit 2. The hydrogen circulation unit 11 includes a water separator 30 for gas-water separation of the gas discharged from the stack anode outlet. A hydrogen circulation pressurization device 111 is provided downstream of the water separator 30. The gas outlet pipe of the hydrogen circulation pressurization device 111 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe 22.

[0064] Based on the above configuration, after the reaction, the mixture of hydrogen and water at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is separated by the water separator 30. The separated hydrogen is then combined with the pure hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage device 21 by a circulating pump or ejector-type hydrogen circulation pressurization device 111 and returned to the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 to continue participating in the reaction. The liquid water is collected by the water separator 30 and discharged to the outside of the system through the drain valve 40.

[0065] The fuel cell system of the underwater unmanned surface vessel in this invention differs from the air oxygen supply system of a traditional fuel cell system. Pure oxygen is pre-stored in the oxygen cylinder or oxygen tank included in the dedicated oxygen storage device 31 for use by the fuel cell system.

[0066] The oxygen storage device 31 is connected in sequence to a pressure reducing valve 10 and a proportional valve 20 via pipelines. The pressure reducing valve 10 is mainly used to reduce the pressure of the oxygen output from the oxygen storage device 31. The proportional valve 20 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 via an oxygen supply pipeline 32. The proportional valve 20 regulates the flow rate and pressure of the oxygen output from the oxygen storage device 31 before it enters the fuel cell stack 1 for reaction. A humidifier 33 is installed on the oxygen supply pipeline 32 to regulate the humidity of the oxygen entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0067] From the perspective of oxygen circulation in the gas discharged from the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack 1 includes a stack cathode outlet. An oxygen circulation unit 12 is provided between the stack cathode outlet and the oxygen unit 3. The oxygen circulation unit 12 includes a water separator 30 for gas-water separation of the gas discharged from the stack cathode outlet. An oxygen circulation pressurization device 121 is provided downstream of the water separator 30. The gas outlet pipe of the oxygen circulation pressurization device 121 is connected to the oxygen supply pipe 32.

[0068] Based on the above configuration, the mixture of oxygen and water at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack after the reaction is separated by the water separator 30. The separated oxygen is combined with the pure oxygen output from the oxygen storage device 31 by the oxygen circulation pressurization device 121 in the form of a circulation pump or ejector and flows back to the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 to continue participating in the reaction. The liquid water is collected by the water separator 30 and discharged to the outside of the system through the drain valve 40.

[0069] To ensure the safety of the underwater unmanned surface vessel during operation, a hydrogen concentration sensor 51 and an oxygen concentration sensor 52 are installed inside the hull of the unmanned surface vessel. The hydrogen concentration sensor 51 and the oxygen concentration sensor 52 are electrically connected to the control unit 5.

[0070] By setting up the two different gas concentration sensors mentioned above, it is possible to ensure that the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the cabin are within safe ranges, while also monitoring the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the system in real time to prevent the hydrogen concentration from exceeding the explosion limit and the oxygen concentration from exceeding the limit.

[0071] During operation, if the hydrogen or oxygen concentration exceeds the safety threshold, the system will automatically take safety measures such as cutting off the hydrogen or oxygen supply, activating the buoyancy function, and using the exhaust device 9 to force exhaust, thus avoiding accidents such as explosions caused by excessive hydrogen concentration and significantly improving the safety of the system.

[0072] Based on the above emergency procedures, the underwater unmanned surface vessel in this application is also equipped with an exhaust device 9. By electrically connecting the exhaust device 9 to the unmanned surface vessel controller 7, the underwater unmanned surface vessel can be forced to exhaust the air inside the vessel after it surfaces.

[0073] Specifically, when the control unit 5 in the fuel cell system detects that the hydrogen concentration and / or oxygen concentration in the cabin exceeds a preset threshold through the hydrogen concentration sensor 51 and the oxygen concentration sensor 52, based on the electrical connection between the control unit 5 of the fuel cell system and the unmanned surface vessel controller 7, the unmanned surface vessel controller 7 will take timely measures to ensure that no safety accident occurs in the fuel cell system. The safety measures are not limited to:

[0074] Cut off hydrogen supply: Immediately stop the supply of hydrogen and switch to pure electric mode to prevent the hydrogen concentration from rising further.

[0075] Cut off oxygen supply: Immediately stop the oxygen supply and enter pure electric mode to prevent the oxygen concentration from rising further.

[0076] Activate exhaust device 9: Automatically activate the buoyancy function. After surfacing, activate the forced exhaust device to release excess hydrogen or oxygen into the atmosphere.

[0077] Alarm system: issues alarm signals to remind operators to take necessary emergency measures.

[0078] The fuel cell system and underwater unmanned surface vessel of this invention, through real-time concentration monitoring and safety monitoring measures, can ensure the safety of the fuel cell system operation to the greatest extent and ensure the stable and reliable operation of the underwater unmanned surface vessel.

[0079] Based on the above description of cyclic heating and cooling of fuel cell stack 1 at different stages, and heat exchange through circulating water, heat exchange unit 4 includes circulating water outlet pipe 41 and circulating water return pipe 42. Circulating water outlet pipe 41 is equipped with circulating water pump 43, which pressurizes the circulating water to maintain circulating heat exchange.

[0080] Specifically, downstream of the circulating water pump 43, there is a circulating heating bypass branch 44 and a circulating cooling branch 45. The circulating heating bypass branch 44 is specifically a bypass short-circuit pipeline and does not have heat exchange equipment, which can achieve normal heating of the fuel cell stack 1 during the circulation process.

[0081] After the fuel cell stack 1 is heated and operating normally, it needs to be cooled to maintain a low temperature operating state. By setting the plate heat exchanger 451 on the circulating cooling branch 45 and passing the circulating water in the circulating cooling branch 45 into the plate heat exchanger 451, the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 can be dissipated through the heat exchange between the plate heat exchanger 451 and the seawater, thus ensuring stable and reliable low temperature operation.

[0082] A temperature control valve 46 is installed between the circulating heating bypass branch 44 and the circulating cooling branch 45, which can control the flow direction of circulating water between the circulating heating bypass branch 44 and the circulating cooling branch 45.

[0083] From the perspective of maintaining the cleanliness of the circulating water, the heat exchange unit 4 also includes a circulating water treatment device 471 for treating the circulating water. The circulating water treatment device 471 is located on the circulating water treatment branch 47 downstream of the circulating water pump 43. Specifically, it is a deionizer structure that can remove ions from the circulating water, reduce the conductivity of the fuel cell coolant, prevent short circuit accidents, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and ensuring the stable operation of the heat exchange unit 4.

[0084] Furthermore, the circulating water treatment branch 47, the circulating heating bypass branch 44, and the circulating cooling branch 45 are connected in parallel between the circulating water outlet main pipe 41 and the circulating water return main pipe 42 to ensure the effective circulation of circulating water.

[0085] This invention also provides an underwater unmanned surface vessel (USV) that can ensure the USV operates under safe and reliable conditions and maximizes its long endurance.

[0086] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system for power supply of an unmanned boat, characterized by, include: Fuel cell stack, hydrogen unit, oxygen unit, heat exchange unit, control unit, and energy management unit; The hydrogen unit and the oxygen unit are used to provide pure hydrogen and pure oxygen to the fuel cell stack, and the oxygen unit includes an oxygen storage device for storing pure oxygen. The heat exchange unit includes a circulating heating subunit and a circulating cooling subunit, which are used to circulate heating and cooling of the fuel cell stack, respectively. The circulating cooling subunit is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that can exchange heat with seawater. The unmanned surface vessel includes an unmanned surface vessel controller and a power battery system. The power battery system is electrically connected to a battery management system. The control unit and the battery management system are respectively electrically connected to the unmanned surface vessel controller. The energy management unit is located between the fuel cell stack and the power battery system, and is used to boost the voltage of the fuel cell stack to the voltage required by the power battery system.

2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein The hydrogen unit includes a hydrogen storage device, which is connected in sequence to a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve via pipelines. The proportional valve is connected to the fuel cell stack via a hydrogen supply pipeline. The fuel cell stack includes a stack anode outlet. A hydrogen circulation unit is provided between the stack anode outlet and the hydrogen unit. The hydrogen circulation unit includes a water separator for separating the gas discharged from the stack anode outlet into gas and water. A hydrogen circulation pressurization device is provided downstream of the water separator. The gas outlet pipe of the hydrogen circulation pressurization device is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe.

3. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein The oxygen storage device is connected in sequence to a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve via pipelines. The proportional valve is connected to the fuel cell stack via an oxygen supply pipeline, and a humidifier is installed on the oxygen supply pipeline. The fuel cell stack includes a stack cathode outlet. An oxygen circulation unit is provided between the stack cathode outlet and the oxygen unit. The oxygen circulation unit includes a water separator for gas-water separation of the gas discharged from the stack cathode outlet. An oxygen circulation pressurization device is provided downstream of the water separator. The gas outlet pipe of the oxygen circulation pressurization device is connected to the oxygen supply pipe.

4. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein The unmanned surface vessel is equipped with a hydrogen concentration sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor inside its cabin, and the hydrogen concentration sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor are electrically connected to the control unit.

5. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The heat exchange unit includes a circulating water outlet main pipe and a circulating water return main pipe, and a circulating water pump is installed on the circulating water outlet main pipe. Downstream of the circulating water pump, there is a circulating heating bypass branch and a circulating cooling branch. The plate heat exchanger is located on the circulating cooling branch, and a temperature control valve is installed between the circulating heating bypass branch and the circulating cooling branch.

6. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein The heat exchange unit also includes a circulating water treatment device for treating the circulating water. The circulating water treatment device is installed on the circulating water treatment branch located downstream of the circulating water pump. The circulating water treatment branch, the circulating heating bypass branch, and the circulating cooling branch are connected in parallel.

7. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein The energy management unit includes a DC-DC converter.

8. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein The energy management unit is electrically connected to both the fuel cell stack and the power battery system.

9. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein The unmanned surface vessel is equipped with an exhaust device, which is electrically connected to the unmanned surface vessel controller.

10. An underwater unmanned vehicle, characterized by The fuel cell system comprising any one of claims 1-9.

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