Atmospheric pressure multifunctional demonstration instrument

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of experimental research equipment for junior high school physics, specifically to a multifunctional atmospheric pressure demonstrator, comprising: a transparent tube and a vacuum pump, with the transparent tube located to one side of the vacuum pump. This utility model, through the arrangement of components such as a transparent tube, vacuum pump, sealing ring, pressure gauge, switch valve, plastic hose, and transparent water tank, regulates the air pressure inside the tube through the cooperation of the vacuum pump and the transparent tube. The sealing ring ensures stable air pressure inside the tube, the pressure gauge displays real-time quantitative changes in air pressure, the transparent tube and transparent water tank enable visual observation of liquid flow and boiling states, and the switch valve and plastic hose control the flow of gas and liquid. Thus, this device achieves the effects of dynamically demonstrating the equilibrium process of atmospheric pressure and water column, simulating Torricelli's experiment with a non-toxic liquid and observing real-time changes in the liquid column, and intuitively presenting the real-time correlation between air pressure and liquid boiling point, thereby solving the problems of insufficient experimental visualization, high safety risks, and lack of air pressure quantification mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of experimental research equipment for junior high school physics, specifically to a multifunctional demonstrator of atmospheric pressure. Background Technology

[0002] Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted on objects within the Earth's atmosphere due to its own weight and fluidity. Its direction is perpendicular to the object's surface and is transmitted in all directions. To help students concretely understand this abstract concept, it is necessary to demonstrate its influence on physical phenomena through experiments such as the inverted cup experiment, Torricelli's experiment, and boiling point-pressure relationship verification experiments.

[0003] However, in the inverted cup experiment, the traditional method only statically shows the phenomenon of the paper supporting the water column after the cup is inverted. Students are likely to misjudge the source of the force as "water adsorbing the paper" rather than "atmospheric pressure supporting upward". This is because the intangible property of atmospheric pressure cannot be directly perceived, and the static presentation cannot dynamically show the balance process between atmospheric pressure and the weight of the water column.

[0004] Due to the extreme toxicity of mercury, Torricelli's experiment was limited to video demonstrations, creating multiple teaching obstacles. Students could not understand the dynamic equilibrium mechanism of "mercury dropping to 76cm after the glass tube was inverted." The correspondence between the vacuum section and atmospheric pressure lacked physical observation support, and the slight changes in the height of the mercury column with the ambient air pressure could not be monitored in real time, weakening the credibility of the conclusions.

[0005] When discussing the relationship between boiling point and pressure, textbooks use a pressure cooker to illustrate that "increased pressure leads to increased boiling point." However, due to the sealed metal structure, the boiling state of the water inside the cooker is not visible, and the real-time correlation between pressure changes and boiling point cannot be observed. Students are forced to mechanically memorize the conclusion and cannot establish a causal logical chain.

[0006] Therefore, existing methods for testing atmospheric pressure have the following significant technical drawbacks:

[0007] The inverted cup experiment uses a static structure and cannot dynamically demonstrate the equilibrium process between atmospheric pressure and the water column;

[0008] Torricelli's experiment relies on a highly toxic mercury medium, which limits its operation and makes changes in the liquid column unobservable.

[0009] Boiling point experiments are limited by non-transparent, sealed containers, and it is impossible to verify the correlation between gas pressure changes and the boiling state of the liquid in real time. Utility Model Content

[0010] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a multifunctional atmospheric pressure demonstrator, which can effectively solve the problems in existing technologies such as the inverted cup experiment's inability to dynamically display the pressure equilibrium process, the Torricelli experiment's operational limitations due to highly toxic mercury and the inability to observe the liquid column, and the lack of real-time correlation verification between air pressure and boiling state in the boiling point experiment.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0012] This utility model provides a multifunctional atmospheric pressure demonstrator, comprising: a transparent tube and a vacuum pump. The transparent tube is located on one side of the vacuum pump. Both ends of the transparent tube are fixedly connected to sealing rings, and one set of sealing rings is connected to a pressure gauge and a switch valve. The other end of the switch valve is detachably connected to a plastic hose, and the other end of the plastic hose can be inserted into the suction end of the vacuum pump. A transparent water tank is provided at the bottom of the transparent tube.

[0013] Furthermore, the sealing ring is made of an elastic material, and an annular groove is provided on the inner side of the connection between the sealing ring and the transparent tube. The annular groove is filled with petroleum jelly to enhance the sealing performance.

[0014] Furthermore, the pressure gauge is a digital pressure gauge and is connected to the inside of the sealing ring, enabling real-time monitoring of the pressure value inside the transparent tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the transparent water tank contains room temperature water and a colored liquid, the colored liquid being red ink.

[0016] Furthermore, the pumping rate of the air pump can significantly reduce the air pressure inside the transparent tube within 30 seconds.

[0017] Furthermore, the transparent tube can hold room temperature water. When the air pump draws air out of the transparent tube to reduce the air pressure, the phenomenon of room temperature water boiling inside the tube can be observed.

[0018] Furthermore, the plastic hose is pluggable to the suction end of the air pump.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] The technical solution provided by this utility model has the following advantages compared with the known prior art:

[0021] I. This utility model, by setting up components such as a transparent tube, a vacuum pump, a sealing ring, a pressure gauge, a switch valve, a plastic hose, and a transparent water tank, regulates the air pressure inside the tube through the cooperation of the vacuum pump and the transparent tube. The sealing ring ensures the stability of the air pressure inside the tube. The pressure gauge displays the air pressure changes in real time. The transparent tube and the transparent water tank enable the visualization of liquid flow and boiling state. The switch valve and the plastic hose control the flow of gas and liquid. The components work together to achieve the following: the device can dynamically display the equilibrium process of atmospheric pressure and water column, simulate Torricelli's experiment with non-toxic liquid and observe the changes in liquid column in real time, and intuitively present the real-time correlation between air pressure and liquid boiling point. This effectively solves the problems of insufficient visualization, high safety risks, and lack of air pressure quantification mechanism in traditional devices.

[0022] II. This utility model, by setting up a digital barometer and a colored liquid in a transparent water tank, and through the connection between the digital barometer and the inside of the transparent tube, and the cooperation of red ink with the transparent tube, enables the digital barometer to transform abstract changes in air pressure into specific numerical values ​​displayed in real time. The red ink enhances the visibility of the liquid's flow trajectory and the height of the liquid column within the transparent tube. Thus, this device allows students to intuitively establish the relationship between air pressure values ​​and experimental phenomena, solving the problem of students' difficulty in understanding traditional experiments due to the inability to directly observe air pressure and the poor visibility of colorless liquids. It helps students clearly understand the mechanism of atmospheric pressure.

[0023] Third, this utility model, by setting up a vacuum pump and a pluggable connection between the vacuum pump and the plastic hose, combines the high-efficiency vacuum pump with the flexible pluggable operation of the plastic hose, enabling the device to quickly create the required air pressure environment for the experiment and conveniently switch experimental steps. Thus, this device can meet the time efficiency requirements of classroom teaching, simplify the operation process, solve the problems of traditional experiments being too time-consuming and complicated, and improve the convenience and practicality of teaching demonstrations. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled parts of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a side view diagram showing the disassembled parts of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a side view diagram of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1. Transparent tube; 2. Air pump; 3. Sealing ring; 4. Pressure gauge; 5. Switch valve; 6. Plastic hose; 7. Transparent water tank. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0033] See attached document Figure 1-5The atmospheric pressure multifunctional demonstrator includes: a transparent tube 1 and a vacuum pump 2. The transparent tube 1 is located on one side of the vacuum pump 2. Both ends of the transparent tube 1 are fixedly connected to sealing rings 3, and one set of sealing rings 3 is connected to a pressure gauge 4 and a switch valve 5. The other end of the switch valve 5 is detachably connected to a plastic hose 6, and the other end of the plastic hose 6 can be inserted into the suction end of the vacuum pump 2. A transparent water tank 7 is set at the bottom of the transparent tube 1. The transparent tube 1 is made of PVC material, 100cm long, and can cover the liquid column height required for Torricelli's experiment simulation. Its outer diameter is 55mm and its inner diameter is 53mm to ensure the visibility of liquid flow. The sealing ring 3 is used to connect the transparent tube 1. Its outer diameter is 59mm, slightly larger than the outer diameter of the transparent tube 1, to ensure tight nesting. The contact annular groove depth is 10mm to provide sufficient sealing contact area, and its width is 1mm to adapt to the wall thickness of the transparent tube 1. The valve inner diameter of the switch valve 5 is 2mm to balance the air intake speed and the stability of the liquid column, avoiding unclear observation due to excessive water flow. The plastic hose 6 has an inner diameter of 8mm and a length of 150cm, which is adapted to... The device features a vacuum pump 2 interface for easy relocation and operation. A transparent water tank 7, a rectangular structure measuring 20cm long, 15cm wide, and 10cm high with a capacity of approximately 3L, can accommodate a transparent tube 1 with a bottom immersion depth of ≥5cm, ensuring liquid supply. The transparent tube 1 serves as the core observation medium; its transparency allows for direct visualization of liquid flow and boiling. The vacuum pump 2 regulates the internal pressure, providing conditions for pressure changes during experiments. A sealing ring 3 ensures a sealed connection at both ends of the transparent tube 1, preventing pressure leakage. A pressure gauge 4 monitors the internal pressure in real time, quantifying the abstract pressure. A switch valve 5 controls gas flow, facilitating vacuuming and liquid introduction. A plastic hose 6 connects the vacuum pump 2 and the switch valve 5, establishing a pressure regulation pathway. The transparent water tank 7 provides the necessary liquid for the experiment, and its transparent design facilitates observation of the interaction between the liquid and the transparent tube 1. These components work together to simultaneously meet the needs of inverted cup experiments, Torricelli experiment simulations, and boiling point-pressure relationship experiments, addressing the problems of insufficient visualization, high safety risks, and lack of pressure quantification mechanisms in traditional devices.

[0034] The sealing ring 3 is made of elastic material, and an annular groove is provided on the inner side of the connection between the sealing ring 3 and the transparent tube 1. The annular groove is filled with Vaseline to enhance the seal. The elastic sealing ring 3 can adapt to the connection requirements of the transparent tube 1, and the Vaseline filling the annular groove on its inner side can fill the connection gap, significantly enhancing the seal between the transparent tube 1 and the sealing ring 3. This prevents leakage of air pressure inside the tube during evacuation or experimentation, ensuring the stability of air pressure regulation and the accuracy of experimental phenomena, providing a sealing guarantee for the reliable conduct of various experiments. The pressure gauge 4 is a digital pressure gauge and is connected to the inside of the sealing ring 3, enabling real-time monitoring of the air pressure value inside the transparent tube 1. The pressure gauge 4 has a digital display, a measurement range of 0-120 kPa, covering standard atmospheric pressure and the low-pressure range in experiments, and an accuracy of ±0.1 kPa, ensuring real-time monitoring of air pressure changes. The digital pressure gauge 4 is connected to the inside of the sealing ring 3, allowing for... The device displays the air pressure value inside the transparent tube 1 in real time and accurately, transforming the invisible air pressure change into a concrete number. In the inverted cup experiment, it can intuitively show the state where the air pressure inside the tube is lower than the external atmospheric pressure. In the boiling point experiment, it can simultaneously present the correspondence between the decrease in air pressure and the boiling of water, helping students establish a quantitative relationship between air pressure and physical phenomena. This solves the problem that air pressure cannot be directly observed in traditional experiments. The transparent water tank 7 contains room temperature water and a colored liquid, namely red ink. The water in the transparent water tank 7 can be used for basic experimental demonstrations, while the bright color of the red ink and other colored liquids can enhance the visibility of the liquid's flow trajectory and the height of the liquid column in the transparent tube 1. Students can clearly observe the dynamic process of atmospheric pressure forcing the liquid into the tube and the state of the liquid column after stabilization, solving the observation obstacle caused by mercury toxicity in the traditional Torricelli experiment, while avoiding the problem of poor visibility of colorless liquids.

[0035] The suction pump 2's suction rate can significantly reduce the air pressure inside the transparent tube 1 within 30 seconds. Using a 220V AC power supply, the suction pump 2 has a suction rate ≥2L / min, ensuring that the air pressure inside the 100cm long transparent tube 1 can be reduced to approximately 30kPa within 30 seconds, meeting experimental efficiency requirements. The suction rate of the suction pump 2 can significantly reduce the air pressure inside the transparent tube 1 within 30 seconds, quickly creating the low-pressure environment required for the experiment. In the inverted cup experiment simulation, it can rapidly trigger the phenomenon of liquid being forced into the tube. In the boiling point experiment, it can quickly bring water at room temperature to a boiling state. This rate meets the time efficiency requirements for classroom demonstrations, avoiding disruption to the teaching schedule due to excessively long experimental times. The transparent tube 1 can hold room-temperature water. When the suction pump 2 evacuates air from the transparent tube 1 to reduce the air pressure, the pressure inside the tube can be observed. The phenomenon of warm water boiling is demonstrated by the transparent tube 1, which can hold room-temperature water. When the air pump 2 reduces the air pressure inside the tube, students can directly observe the water at room temperature gradually bubbling and boiling. This process visually demonstrates the physical law that a decrease in air pressure leads to a decrease in boiling point, solving the problem of not being able to observe the boiling state in traditional pressure cooker experiments. It allows students to establish a causal relationship between air pressure and boiling point through visual perception. The plastic hose 6 is pluggable to the suction end of the air pump 2, which facilitates quick switching of operations during the experiment. When evacuating air, the air pump 2 is connected for air pressure adjustment, and when liquid needs to be introduced, the hose can be unplugged and immersed in water. This design improves the operational flexibility of the device, adapts to the need for switching between multiple steps such as evacuation and liquid introduction in the inverted cup experiment, and simplifies the experimental operation process.

[0036] Working principle: First, in the initial state of the device, the bottom of the transparent tube 1 is immersed in the liquid in the transparent water tank 7. The sealing rings 3 at both ends form an effective seal with the Vaseline in the annular groove through the elastic material, ensuring that a closed space can be formed inside the transparent tube 1. At this time, the switch valve 5 is in the closed state. One end of the plastic hose 6 is connected to the switch valve 5, and the other end can be connected to the air pump 2 or immersed in the liquid according to the experimental requirements.

[0037] When demonstrating the existence of atmospheric pressure and the principle of dynamic cup inversion experiment, the plastic hose 6 is first connected to the vacuum pump 2. The switch valve 5 is opened and the vacuum pump 2 is started. During the vacuuming process, the air pressure in the transparent tube 1 gradually decreases under the action of the vacuum pump 2. The pressure gauge 4 displays the value change in real time. After vacuuming for 30 seconds, the switch valve 5 is closed and the connection between the plastic hose 6 and the vacuum pump 2 is disconnected. The other end of the hose is immersed in the liquid in the transparent water tank 7. The switch valve 5 is then opened again. At this time, because the air pressure in the transparent tube 1 is much lower than the external atmospheric pressure, the external atmospheric pressure will quickly push the liquid in the water tank into the transparent tube 1. The transparency of the transparent tube 1 can clearly show the dynamic trajectory of the liquid rising, and the sound of water pressure further enhances the effect of atmospheric pressure, intuitively proving the existence of atmospheric pressure.

[0038] Furthermore, in simulating the Torricelli experiment principle, based on the above-mentioned evacuation process, the hose is reconnected to the evacuation pump 2, and then the evacuation pump 2 is started to continuously evacuate air to make the transparent tube 1 close to an absolute vacuum. At this time, the external atmospheric pressure will push the liquid to rise continuously in the tube until the pressure generated by the liquid column reaches equilibrium with the external atmospheric pressure, and the height of the liquid column is stable. Since colored liquids such as red ink are used instead of mercury, the risk of toxicity is eliminated, and the rising process, stable state and height change of the liquid column are clearly visible through the transparent tube 1. Combined with the real-time monitoring of the barometer 4, students can intuitively understand the balance mechanism of "atmospheric pressure supporting the liquid column" and the corresponding relationship between the height of the liquid column and atmospheric pressure.

[0039] Furthermore, when demonstrating the relationship between the boiling point of a liquid and air pressure, a suitable amount of room temperature water can be added to the transparent tube 1. The experiment can also be continued based on the above. After opening the switch valve 5, air is continuously pumped out by the air pump 2, so that the air pressure in the tube gradually decreases. The air pressure gauge 4 displays a decrease in value in sync. When the air pressure drops to a certain value of about 30 kPa, the water at room temperature will gradually bubble and boil violently due to the decrease in boiling point. This process is fully exposed through the transparent tube 1, realizing the real-time visual verification that "the decrease in air pressure leads to the decrease in boiling point". The correlation between the change in the value of the air pressure gauge 4 and the boiling state further establishes the causal logic between the two.

[0040] Through this series of processes, the device utilizes the air pressure regulation function of the air pump 2, the airtightness guarantee of the sealing ring 3, the quantitative monitoring of the pressure gauge 4, and the visualization advantages of the transparent components to transform the abstract principle of atmospheric pressure into an observable and quantifiable dynamic phenomenon, thereby achieving a comprehensive demonstration and explanation of the principle of the inverted cup experiment, Torricelli experiment, and boiling point-pressure relationship experiment.

[0041] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. Multifunctional demonstration instrument of atmospheric pressure, comprising a transparent tube (1) and a suction pump (2), characterized in that: The transparent tube (1) is located on one side of the air pump (2). Both ends of the transparent tube (1) are fixedly connected to sealing rings (3), and one set of sealing rings (3) is connected to a pressure gauge (4) and a switch valve (5). The other end of the switch valve (5) is detachably connected to a plastic hose (6), and the other end of the plastic hose (6) can be inserted into the suction end of the air pump (2). A transparent water tank (7) is provided at the bottom of the transparent tube (1).

2. The multi-purpose atmospheric pressure demonstrator of claim 1, wherein, The sealing ring (3) is made of elastic material, and an annular groove is provided on the inner side of the connection between the sealing ring (3) and the transparent tube (1). The annular groove is filled with petroleum jelly to enhance the sealing performance.

3. The multi-purpose atmospheric pressure demonstrator of claim 1, wherein, The barometer (4) is a digital barometer and is connected to the inside of the sealing ring (3), which can monitor the air pressure value inside the transparent tube (1) in real time.

4. The multi-purpose atmospheric pressure demonstrator of claim 1, wherein, The transparent water tank (7) contains room temperature water and a colored liquid, the colored liquid being red ink.

5. The multi-purpose atmospheric pressure demonstrator of claim 1, wherein, The air pump (2) has a pumping speed that can significantly reduce the air pressure in the transparent tube (1) within 30 seconds.

6. The multi-purpose atmospheric pressure demonstrator of claim 1, wherein, The transparent tube (1) can hold room temperature water. When the air pump (2) pumps air into the transparent tube (1) to reduce the air pressure, the phenomenon of room temperature water boiling inside the tube can be observed.

7. The multi-purpose atmospheric pressure demonstrator of claim 1, wherein, The plastic hose (6) is pluggable to the suction end of the air pump (2).

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