A monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas

Abstract

This utility model relates to a monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, belonging to the field of tunnel monitoring technology. It includes a data analysis system and at least one set of monitoring devices installed circumferentially along the tunnel cross-section. The monitoring devices include multi-point displacement gauges extending into the surrounding rock, soil thermometers and hygrometers, a series of thermometers, concrete strain gauges installed in the secondary lining, and a double-membrane earth pressure cell installed between the primary support layer and the secondary lining. The soil thermometers, hygrometers, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cell are located on the same axis. The data analysis system is used to collect and analyze data from the multi-point displacement gauges, soil thermometers, hygrometers, thermometers, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cell and issue early warnings. It can monitor the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation of tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions in real time, and can achieve multi-parameter coupling in permafrost tunnel monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel monitoring technology, and specifically relates to a monitoring and early warning device for frost damage information in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the cyclical freeze-thaw action, permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas commonly suffer from defects such as lining cracking, freezing of drainage systems, and frost heave of the foundation. Existing monitoring methods mainly rely on manual inspections and temperature monitoring alone, which cannot achieve real-time monitoring of multiple parameters in different areas of the tunnel (such as temperature values, moisture migration data, structural stress characteristics, concrete strain values, and deformation of the surrounding rock in the frozen zone). Therefore, it is impossible to analyze the interrelationships between changes in various parameters on tunnel frost damage.

[0003] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned technical problems, the design of a monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, which can simultaneously monitor the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation of tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions, and analyze the correlation between the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation, is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas. This device can simultaneously monitor the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation of tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions, and analyze the correlation between the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0006] A monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas includes a data analysis system and at least one set of monitoring devices installed circumferentially along the tunnel cross-section. The monitoring devices include multi-point displacement gauges extending into the surrounding rock, soil thermometers and hygrometers and thermometer strings, concrete strain gauges installed in the secondary lining, and double-membrane earth pressure cells installed between the primary support layer and the secondary lining. The soil thermometers, hygrometers, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cells are located on the same axis. The data analysis system is used to collect and analyze data from the multi-point displacement gauges, soil thermometers, hygrometer strings, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cells and issue early warnings.

[0007] Preferably, the thermometer string has eight temperature sensing elements arranged sequentially along the axial direction, the thermometer string is buried at a depth of 3.5m, and the temperature sensing elements are respectively set at positions of 0m, 0.5m, 0.7m, 1m, 1.5m, 2.0m, 2.5m, and 3.5m.

[0008] Preferably, the monitoring device is installed at least on the tunnel's arch, left and right arch waists, and left and right side walls.

[0009] Preferably, the system also includes a laser rangefinder installed at the tunnel sidewall for monitoring tunnel clearance convergence, and a high-definition camera installed at the left and right arches of the tunnel for real-time monitoring of macroscopic frost damage.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a steel reinforcement bar set on the secondary lining steel bars of the tunnel.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a tunnel frost prevention and drainage tunnel located at the bottom of the tunnel, wherein a thermometer is installed in the tunnel frost prevention and drainage tunnel.

[0012] Preferably, the system further includes a first data acquisition box located inside the tunnel and a second data acquisition box located outside the tunnel. The first data acquisition box and the second data acquisition box are connected via a system bus. The first data acquisition box is used to acquire data monitored by the multi-point displacement gauge, the soil thermometer and hygrometer, the concrete strain gauge, the thermometer string, the rebar gauge, the double-membrane soil pressure cell, the laser rangefinder, the thermometer, and the high-definition camera, and transmits the acquired data to the second data acquisition box via the system bus.

[0013] Preferably, the first data acquisition box is equipped with a data cable, one end of which is connected to the multi-point displacement meter, the soil thermometer and hygrometer, the concrete strain gauge, the thermometer string, the rebar gauge, the double-membrane soil pressure cell, the thermometer, the laser rangefinder and the high-definition camera, and the other end of the data cable is connected to the system bus;

[0014] The second data acquisition box is equipped with a solar power supply device for powering the information monitoring and early warning device. The second data acquisition box is equipped with an automated acquisition module connected to the system bus and a wireless transmission module connected to the automated acquisition module. The wireless transmission module is communicatively connected to the data analysis system.

[0015] Preferably, the solar power supply device includes a solar panel disposed on the top of the second data acquisition box, and a battery disposed inside the second data acquisition box and electrically connected to the solar panel, wherein the battery supplies power to the information monitoring and early warning device.

[0016] Preferably, the system also includes a meteorological monitoring device located near the second data acquisition box. The meteorological monitoring device includes an air temperature and humidity meter for monitoring air temperature and humidity, a wind direction sensor for monitoring wind direction, and a wind speed sensor for monitoring wind speed.

[0017] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0018] By setting up multiple displacement gauges to monitor the deformation of the frozen zone surrounding rock, using soil thermometers and hygrometers to monitor the impact of moisture migration on frost heave, using a series of thermometers to monitor changes in the freeze-thaw zone, using concrete strain gauges to monitor the strain of the secondary lining concrete, and using a double-membrane earth pressure cell to monitor changes in the frost heave force of the surrounding rock during dynamic temperature changes, the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation of tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions can be monitored in real time. Furthermore, since the soil thermometers and hygrometers, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cells are located on the same axis, when the strain value of the secondary lining concrete is monitored, the double-membrane earth pressure cell will inevitably show a change in value. Moreover, since the change in the strain value of the secondary lining concrete also affects moisture migration, the monitoring data of the three can be correlated. Therefore, by coaxially deploying the soil thermometer and hygrometer 2, the concrete strain gauge 3, and the double-membrane earth pressure cell 6, multi-parameter coupling in frozen soil tunnel monitoring can be achieved, providing a highly reliable data foundation for research on frost damage mechanisms, structural safety assessment, and graded early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this utility model embodiment;

[0021] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the solar power supply device and the meteorological monitoring device in the high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this utility model embodiment;

[0022] Appendix Figure 3 This is an enlarged structural diagram of the thermometer series temperature sensing element in the high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this utility model embodiment;

[0023] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the first data acquisition box in the high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this utility model embodiment;

[0024] The components include: 1. Multi-point displacement gauge; 2. Soil thermometer and hygrometer; 3. Concrete strain gauge; 4. Thermometer string; 5. Reinforcing bar gauge; 6. Double-membrane earth pressure cell; 7. High-definition camera; 8. Laser rangefinder; 9. Data cable; 10. Temperature sensing element; 11. First data acquisition box; 12. Data cable; 13. System bus; 14. Air thermometer and hygrometer; 15. Thermometer; 16. Tunnel insulation and drainage tunnel; 17. Wind direction sensor; 18. Wind speed sensor; 19. Solar panel; 20. Battery; 21. Automated acquisition module; 22. Wireless transmission module; 23. Concrete stone pier; 24. Second data acquisition box. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] The purpose of this invention is to provide a monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas. This device can simultaneously monitor the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation of tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions, and analyze the correlation between the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation.

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] refer to Figure 1The high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this embodiment of the utility model includes at least a data analysis system and at least one set of monitoring devices installed circumferentially along the tunnel cross-section. The monitoring devices include a multi-point displacement meter 1 extending into the surrounding rock, a soil thermometer and hygrometer 2 and a thermometer string 4, a concrete strain gauge 3 installed in the secondary lining, and a double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 installed between the primary support layer and the secondary lining. The soil thermometer and hygrometer 2, the concrete strain gauge 3, and the double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 are located on the same axis. The data analysis system is used to collect and analyze data from the multi-point displacement meter 1, the soil thermometer and hygrometer 2, the thermometer string 4, the concrete strain gauge 3, and the double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 and issue early warnings. The multi-point displacement meter 1 monitors the deformation of the frozen zone surrounding rock, the soil thermometer and hygrometer 2 monitors the impact of moisture migration on frost heave, and the thermometer string 4 monitors the impact of moisture migration on frost heave. The changes in the freeze-thaw zone are monitored by using concrete strain gauge 3 to monitor the strain of the secondary lining concrete and double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 to monitor the changes in the frost heave force of the surrounding rock during dynamic temperature changes. This allows for real-time monitoring of the temperature field, moisture field, and frost heave deformation of tunnels in cold regions. Since the soil hygrometer 2, concrete strain gauge 3, and double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 are located on the same axis, when the strain value of the secondary lining concrete is monitored, the double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 will inevitably show a change in value. Furthermore, since the change in the strain value of the secondary lining concrete also affects moisture migration, the monitoring data of the three can be correlated. Therefore, coaxially arranging the soil hygrometer 2, concrete strain gauge 3, and double-membrane earth pressure cell 6 enables the coupling of multiple parameters in frozen soil tunnel monitoring, providing a highly reliable data foundation for research on freezing damage mechanisms, structural safety assessment, and graded early warning.

[0029] It should be noted that the location and number of monitoring sections should be determined based on geological data and field investigations, but the focus should be on tunnel sections at the tunnel entrance where frozen soil damage is likely to occur.

[0030] refer to Figure 3 In one implementation, eight temperature sensing elements 10 are sequentially arranged axially in a thermometer string 4. The thermometer string 4 is buried at a depth of 3.5m, and the temperature sensing elements 10 are respectively set at positions of 0m, 0.5m, 0.7m, 1m, 1.5m, 2.0m, 2.5m, and 3.5m. The thermometer string 4 tests the radial and longitudinal temperature field changes in the tunnel. By setting the temperature sensing elements 10 at different depths, the temperature gradient changes can be accurately captured, ensuring the accuracy of data monitoring.

[0031] refer to Figure 1 As one implementation method, the monitoring device is installed at least on the tunnel arch, left and right sides, and left and right side walls, that is, at least 5 monitoring devices are installed, which can achieve all-round coverage of tunnel structural deformation and precise monitoring of key stress areas.

[0032] refer to Figures 1-4 As one implementation method, it also includes a laser rangefinder 8 installed on the tunnel sidewall for monitoring the tunnel clearance convergence, and a high-definition camera 7 installed on the left and right arch waists of the tunnel for real-time monitoring of the macroscopic frost damage of the tunnel. The laser rangefinder 8 is fixedly installed on the sidewall of the secondary lining of the tunnel for monitoring the relative displacement and deformation of the clearance between the secondary linings. The high-definition camera 7 is fixedly installed on the left and right arch waists of the tunnel to record the cracks, water leakage, and ice formation of the tunnel lining structure in real time.

[0033] refer to Figure 1 As one implementation method, a steel bar gauge 5 is tied to the secondary lining steel bars of the tunnel to monitor the stress changes of the steel bars inside the steel arch frame.

[0034] It should be noted that by installing multi-point displacement gauges 1, thermometer strings 4, double-membrane earth pressure cells 6 and soil thermo-hygrometers 2 in the surrounding rock, steel reinforcement gauges 5 and concrete strain gauges 3 in the tunnel lining structure, and high-definition cameras 7 and laser rangefinders 8 in the tunnel cross-section clearance, the changes in the water-heat-force field of the frozen soil tunnel and the development and evolution of macroscopic frost damage are monitored.

[0035] refer to Figure 1 As one implementation method, it also includes a tunnel cold-proof drainage tunnel 16 set at the bottom of the tunnel. A thermometer 15 is installed in the tunnel cold-proof drainage tunnel 16. By installing the thermometer 15 inside the cold-proof drainage tunnel, the water temperature inside the drainage tunnel is monitored in real time. When the temperature approaches the freezing point, the anti-freezing heating system installed in the tunnel cold-proof drainage tunnel 16 is automatically triggered to prevent the drainage pipe from freezing and blocking.

[0036] refer to Figures 1-4 As one implementation method, it also includes a first data acquisition box 11 installed inside the tunnel and a second data acquisition box 24 installed outside the tunnel. The first data acquisition box 11 and the second data acquisition box 24 are connected through a system bus 13. The first data acquisition box 11 is used to collect data monitored by multi-point displacement gauge 1, soil thermo-hygrometer 2, concrete strain gauge 3, thermometer string 4, rebar gauge 5, double-membrane earth pressure cell 6, laser rangefinder 8, thermometer 15 and high-definition camera 7, and transmit the collected data to the second data acquisition box 24 through the system bus 13. The first data acquisition box 11 integrates sensor interfaces for displacement, temperature and humidity, strain, temperature gradient, rebar stress, frost heave force and visual monitoring, so as to realize one-stop acquisition of physical field data inside the tunnel, avoid the time synchronization problem caused by decentralized acquisition, and reduce the risk of signal distortion. The original sensor signal is easy to attenuate during long-distance transmission. The first data acquisition box 11 converts the analog signal into a digital signal nearby and then transmits it to the external second data acquisition box 24 through the system bus 13.

[0037] It should be noted that the first data acquisition box 11 should be placed in a location that does not obstruct the next step of construction to avoid being scratched by vehicles. The wiring of the data cable 9 and the system bus 13 should be protected by insulated pipes and close to the wall. The wiring outside the tunnel should be installed underground.

[0038] refer to Figures 1-4 As one implementation, the first data acquisition box 11 is equipped with a data cable 12, one end of which is connected to a multi-point displacement meter 1, a soil thermometer and hygrometer 2, a concrete strain gauge 3, a thermometer string 4, a steel bar gauge 5, a double-membrane earth pressure box 6, a laser rangefinder 8 and a high-definition camera 7 via a data cable 9. The other end of the data cable 12 is connected to the system bus 13.

[0039] The second data acquisition box 24 is equipped with a solar power supply device for powering the information monitoring and early warning device. Inside the second data acquisition box 24, there is an automated acquisition module 21 connected to the system bus 13 and a wireless transmission module 22 connected to the automated acquisition module 21. The wireless transmission module 22 communicates with the data analysis system. Monitoring data is uploaded to the data analysis system through the wireless transmission module 22. The data analysis system includes a data cloud platform and numerical simulation software. Through three-level optimization of off-grid solar power supply + edge intelligent acquisition + wireless redundant transmission, the three major goals of energy autonomy, data efficiency, and safety and reliability of the tunnel monitoring system are achieved, making it suitable for harsh environments in high-altitude and remote areas.

[0040] refer to Figures 1-4 In one embodiment, the solar power supply device includes a solar panel 19 disposed on the top of the second data acquisition box 24, and a battery 20 disposed inside the second data acquisition box 24 and electrically connected to the solar panel 19. The battery 20 supplies power to the information monitoring and early warning device.

[0041] It should be noted that, considering the remote location of high-altitude mountainous areas and the difficulty of replacing batteries, this embodiment uses two batteries 20. One battery 20 powers the instrument, while the other battery 20 is charged via a solar panel 19. The two batteries 20 are connected in parallel and used alternately to avoid insufficient power in situations with short sunshine hours or other adverse conditions. In extreme cases where both batteries 20 are depleted, the information monitoring and early warning device will enter a sleep state and will automatically turn on when the power is sufficient. This solves the problem of unstable data transmission caused by insufficient power. The batteries 20 are placed in a sealed enclosure inside the second data acquisition box 24. All data cables 9 and system bus 13 are wrapped with insulation cotton in PVC pipes and buried below the ground to reduce the impact of the external environment.

[0042] refer to Figures 1-4As one implementation method, it also includes a meteorological monitoring device set near the second data acquisition box 24. The meteorological monitoring device includes an air temperature and humidity meter 14 for monitoring air temperature and humidity, a wind direction sensor 17 for monitoring wind direction, and a wind speed sensor 18 for monitoring wind speed. By setting up the meteorological monitoring device, the changes in atmospheric elements outside the tunnel can be monitored, and the data can be compared and analyzed with the temperature and other data inside the tunnel to analyze the influencing factors of freezing damage in cold-region tunnels.

[0043] It should be noted that both the second data acquisition box 24 and the meteorological monitoring device are set up outside the tunnel in a sunny, open area without obvious obstacles via concrete stone blocks 23.

[0044] The elevation angle of obstacles around solar power supply devices and meteorological monitoring devices should be less than 15°, and they should be kept away from high-power radio transmitters and high-voltage power lines to avoid interference from surrounding magnetic fields on wireless signals.

[0045] The high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this embodiment transmits the temperature, pressure, stress, strain, and humidity values ​​collected by the monitoring section sensors to the first data acquisition box 11 and the second data acquisition box 24 in sequence. The second data acquisition box 24 can wirelessly transmit the data collected by the first data box 11 to the cloud platform via Beidou satellite. The data analysis system uses commonly used finite element analysis software, such as ABAQUS, FLAC3D, and ANSYS, to establish a tunnel model and perform hydrothermal coupling analysis on the collected data, such as temperature, pressure, and water content, to obtain a tunnel frost heave model, thereby evaluating the safety and stability of the tunnel.

[0046] The method of using the high-altitude cold mountain permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device disclosed in this embodiment is as follows:

[0047] (1) Site selection and instrument installation of monitoring sections

[0048] Based on geological data and field investigation, tunnel monitoring sections should be set up, with at least 5 monitoring points (i.e., 5 monitoring devices) set up at each monitoring section. The invert arch should be selected according to the actual situation. The monitoring sections should be selected in sections with special and representative geological conditions. In cold regions, they should be selected in permafrost sections. The solar power supply device and meteorological monitoring device should be set up in an open area with no obstacles, direct sunlight, and far away from high-power radio transmitters and high-voltage power lines to avoid interference from the surrounding magnetic field on the wireless signal.

[0049] (2) Installation of solar power supply system

[0050] Concrete stone piers 23 are poured at the selected site, brackets are installed, solar panels 19 are erected, and batteries 20 are installed.

[0051] (3) Data processing.

[0052] Data is collected through the first data acquisition box 11 and the second data acquisition box 24. It can be transmitted directly in areas with GPRS signal, and in areas without signal, it can be transmitted using the Beidou system. The data types mainly include: temperature of surrounding rock and lining, water content of surrounding rock, earth pressure, concrete strain value, and ambient temperature and humidity. After the data is transmitted to the cloud platform, it is combined with the previous survey data, and multi-field coupling analysis of the frozen soil section of the tunnel is carried out using geotechnical numerical simulation software. In addition, the high-definition camera 7 can also monitor the macroscopic frost damage of the tunnel in real time, which facilitates timely maintenance of the tunnel.

[0053] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0054] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that this utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that this utility model can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this utility model. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the utility model. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-cold mountainous permafrost tunnel freeze damage information monitoring and early warning device, characterized in that, The system includes a data analysis system and at least one set of monitoring devices installed circumferentially along the tunnel cross-section. The monitoring devices include multi-point displacement gauges extending into the surrounding rock, soil thermometers and thermometer strings, concrete strain gauges installed in the secondary lining, and double-membrane earth pressure cells installed between the primary support layer and the secondary lining. The soil thermometers, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cells are located on the same axis. The data analysis system is used to collect and analyze data from the multi-point displacement gauges, soil thermometers, thermometer strings, concrete strain gauges, and double-membrane earth pressure cells and issue early warnings.

2. The alpine mountain permafrost tunnel freeze damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermometer string has eight temperature sensing elements arranged sequentially along the axial direction. The thermometer string is buried at a depth of 3.5m, and the temperature sensing elements are respectively located at 0m, 0.5m, 0.7m, 1m, 1.5m, 2.0m, 2.5m, and 3.5m.

3. The alpine mountain permafrost tunnel freeze damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring device is installed at least on the tunnel's arch, left and right arch waists, and left and right side walls.

4. The alpine mountain permafrost tunnel freeze damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a laser rangefinder installed on the tunnel sidewall to monitor the tunnel clearance convergence, and a high-definition camera installed on the left and right arches of the tunnel to monitor the macroscopic frost damage in real time.

5. The alpine mountain permafrost tunnel freeze damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a steel reinforcement gauge installed on the secondary lining steel bars of the tunnel.

6. The monitoring and early warning device for frost damage in permafrost tunnels in high-altitude cold mountainous areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a tunnel frost-proof drainage tunnel located at the bottom of the tunnel, and a thermometer is installed in the tunnel frost-proof drainage tunnel.

7. The alpine permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a first data acquisition box installed inside the tunnel and a second data acquisition box installed outside the tunnel. The first data acquisition box and the second data acquisition box are connected via a system bus. The first data acquisition box is used to collect data monitored by the multi-point displacement gauge, the soil thermometer and hygrometer, the concrete strain gauge, the thermometer string, the rebar gauge, the double-membrane soil pressure cell, the laser rangefinder, the thermometer, and the high-definition camera, and transmits the collected data to the second data acquisition box via the system bus.

8. The alpine mountain permafrost tunnel freeze damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first data acquisition box is equipped with a data cable, one end of which is connected to the multi-point displacement meter, the soil thermometer and hygrometer, the concrete strain gauge, the thermometer string, the rebar gauge, the double-membrane soil pressure cell, the thermometer, the laser rangefinder and the high-definition camera. The other end of the data cable is connected to the system bus. The second data acquisition box is equipped with a solar power supply device for powering the information monitoring and early warning device. The second data acquisition box is equipped with an automated acquisition module connected to the system bus and a wireless transmission module connected to the automated acquisition module. The wireless transmission module is communicatively connected to the data analysis system.

9. The alpine permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The solar power supply device includes a solar panel installed on the top of the second data acquisition box, and a battery installed inside the second data acquisition box and electrically connected to the solar panel. The battery supplies power to the information monitoring and early warning device.

10. The alpine permafrost tunnel frost damage information monitoring and early warning device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a meteorological monitoring device located near the second data acquisition box. The meteorological monitoring device includes an air temperature and humidity meter for monitoring air temperature and humidity, a wind direction sensor for monitoring wind direction, and a wind speed sensor for monitoring wind speed.

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